The school is located in the building of the Admiralty. The building of the admiralty in St. Petersburg
The Admiralty, along with the Peter and Paul and St. Isaac Cathedrals, is the dominant feature of the Northern capital and the center of the three-beam layout that emerged back in the Peter the Great era. The "Admiralty Needle", which "stitched centuries of history", is one of the symbols of St. Petersburg, without which it is impossible to imagine the panorama of the Neva banks.
The first building of the Admiralty was laid according to the plan of Peter the Great in 1704. He erected St. Petersburg as the main center of Russian shipbuilding and navigation, and therefore the Admiralty was built both as a shipyard and as a fortress - the Great Northern War was going on. Buildings located "rest", i.e. in the form of the letter "P", opened to the Neva; in a vast courtyard, ships were assembled on stocks and launched on planks oiled with lard. In the central building - in the tower under the spire - the Admiralty Board worked, which controlled the Russian fleet.
All buildings of the first Admiralty were wooden and by the 1720s. pretty dilapidated. Erection of new, stone buildings in the 1730s. headed by the architect I.K. Korobov, one of the "chicks of Petrov's nest". He re-created the entire production complex, keeping the general outline of the previous building. It was outstanding for its time, but by the beginning of the 19th century. looked already old-fashioned and too utilitarian against the background of the new ceremonial buildings of St. Petersburg.
The currently existing building of the Admiralty is the third in a row - in 1806-1823. erected by Andreyan Dmitrievich Zakharov (1761-1811), chief architect of the Admiralty Department. He was a graduate of the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, studied in Paris and devoted his whole life to serving architecture. The architect showed respect for the works of his predecessors, partially preserving the walls of old buildings, window openings and the Korobov spire. By the beginning of the 19th century. The Admiralty lost its significance as a shipyard and a fortress, and therefore the new buildings had to acquire a completely different artistic image. Facing the city and its main thoroughfares, the Admiralty began to be perceived as a symbol of the sea. With its other side, it "looks" at the Neva - it is a symbol of the power of St. Petersburg over the water element, a part of the city's sea façade. 
The Admiralty is an outstanding monument of classicism, in the form of which some researchers see the features of the French Empire style. The architect Zakharov skillfully avoided the monotony of the 407-meter long façade by decorating it with porticoes creating a play of light and shadow. The central multi-tiered tower with a triumphal arch resembles the gate towers of ancient Russian monasteries. Its spire more than 70 m high is completed by the famous three-masted weathervane ship with loose sails - the symbol of St. Petersburg (it weighs 65 kg and is covered with 2 kg of pure gold). The giant building does not overwhelm; in everything it is proportionate to man and in some incomprehensible way combines monumentality and gentleness.
The sculpture, according to Zakharov's plan, does not decorate the building, but forms a single whole with it, turning the Admiralty into a monument of Russian naval glory. The architect's co-authors were the best sculptors of that time: F.F. Shchedrin, S.S. Pimenov, I.I. Terebenev, V.I. Demut-Malinovsky. They sculpted the generals and heroes of antiquity, installed at the corners of the tower's base, allegorical statues of natural elements that crowned its columns, groups of sea nymphs on the sides of the triumphal arch, masks of sea deities on the key stones of the first floor. The plot of the 22-meter high relief on the attic of the "Establishment of the Fleet in Russia" tower makes the Admiralty building a kind of encyclopedia of the Russian fleet.
The Admiralty is part of the ensemble of the central St. Petersburg squares: its walls are in good harmony with the facades of the Winter Palace on Palace Square, as well as with the buildings located on the Decembrists and Isaakievskaya squares.
The Admiralty building is one of the best architectural monuments of St. Petersburg. The ship on the spire of the Admiralty is widely known as one of the symbols of the city on the Neva. The very word "admiralty" means the place of construction and repair of military ships. The first shipyard in St. Petersburg was built in June 1703 on the site of the future Kronverk of the Peter and Paul Fortress. However, the city needed a large admiralty shipyard. By order of Peter I, a new shipyard was to be built on an island between the Neva and the Mya River (now the Moika River). This island became known as the Admiralty.
On November 5, 1704, the fortress-shipyard was laid, built according to the master plan-drawing, personally executed by Peter I. The Admiralty shipyard, built according to the plan with the letter "P", was approximately 425 meters long and 213 meters wide. In the very depths of the courtyard, there was a "sovereign's office" - the Admiralty House, from which one-story wooden side buildings stretched. In 1711, a tower with a spire was built in the center of the main facade, in which, seven years later, the Admirate-Collegium was located - the supreme governing body of the fleet. In the courtyard of the Admiralty there were boathouses - premises or platforms where ships were built or repaired. There was also a chamber in which ship architects and draftsmen worked.
Since St. Petersburg at that time lived under the constant threat of attack by the Swedes, a fortress wall was built around the Admiralty with five earthen bastions and a deep dry ditch, at the bottom of which there were rows of pointed stakes. Along the perimeter of the fortress shipyard, two canals were dug from the Neva - an internal and an external one. A year later, the construction of the Admiralty was almost completed. To create a free space for shelling from fortress guns, a forest was cut down to the Moika (Mya) River. Soon this place became known as the Admiralty Meadow. The first ship from the Admiralty shipyard was launched on April 29, 1706. During the reign of Peter I, a total of 262 warships left the stocks of the Admiralty. Moreover, each bookmark or launch of the ship was accompanied by salutes, cannon shots, shouts of "hurray" and a general holiday.
In 1717, the Admiralty Canal was dug from the Admiralty Shipyard to New Holland, through which timber was delivered to the shipyard for the construction of ships. On the island of New Holland, formed by the Moika River, Kryukov and Admiralty canals, warehouses were located, specially arranged away from the shipyard in order to avoid fires. By 1727, the building of the Admiralty was badly dilapidated, and it was decided to rebuild it in stone. Designed by the architect I.K. The Korobov building was decorated with a slender tower topped with a beautiful spire. Korobov re-created the entire Admiralty complex, preserving the architectural silhouette of the building of Peter the Great's time.
At the beginning of the 19th century, when the appearance of St. Petersburg was changing, the Admiralty building, against the background of the Winter Palace on the one hand, and the Bronze Horseman on the other, began to look rather modest. The work on the reconstruction of the building was entrusted to the outstanding architect A.D. Zakharov. Construction was carried out from 1806 to 1823. The third in a row, modern to us, the Admiralty building consists of two U-shaped buildings - external and internal. The central facade of the building, more than four hundred meters long, is decorated with six multi-column porticoes. In the center of the facade there is a multi-tiered tower with an entrance arch, decorated with a colonnade and topped with a dome with a spire.
The building, made by Zakharov in the style of Russian classicism, began to look much more solemn. The Admiralty became three-story, the building is decorated with 56 statues, 11 bas-reliefs and 350 stucco decorations. Above the entrance arch of the central tower of the Admiralty, there are two flying glories with bent banners. Above them is the high relief "Establishment of the Fleet in Russia". Even higher, on the parapet of the tower, there are statues of ancient heroes - Alexander the Great, Pyrrhus, Ajax and Achilles. In the direction of the Winter Palace, there are four statues that personify the main directions of the wind (north - Borey, west - Nodir, south - Zephyr, east - Not), and images of two goddesses - Isis and Urania (patrons of shipbuilding and astronomy). Their counterparts also look towards the Bronze Horseman. The central tower of the Admiralty is crowned with a gilded dome with a clock and an octagonal lantern with a small dome that turns into a 23-meter spire.
The entire history of the Admiralty is inextricably linked with the fleet. At different times, it housed various maritime and educational institutions: the Admiralty Collegium, the Naval Ministry, the School of Ship Architecture, the Higher Naval Engineering School named after V.I. F.E. Dzerzhinsky.
Main Admiralty |
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St. Petersburg: |
2nd Admiralteisky Island, 1 Dvortsovy Proezd; Admiralteyskiy proezd, 1; Admiralteyskaya emb., 2 |
Architectural style: |
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Ivan Korobov (1738), Andreyan Zakharov (1823) |
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First mention: |
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Construction: |
1704-1706 years |
Object of cultural heritage of the Russian Federation No. 7810001000 |
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State: |
Satisfactory |
Model-camera
Building of 1711
Ship
Building of 1738
Building of 1823
Main Admiralty building- a complex of Admiralty buildings in St. Petersburg on the 2nd Admiralty Island, located on the banks of the Neva River, a significant monument of Russian Empire architecture. Originally built as a shipyard, it was rebuilt in the 18th-19th centuries.
Since 1718, the Admiralty Board was located here (since 1827 - the Admiralty Council), in 1709-1939 - the Model Chamber (since 1805 - the Maritime Museum). Since 2012, the Main Command of the Russian Navy has been located here.
The ship on the spire of the building is regarded as one of the symbols of the city, along with the Bronze Horseman and the contours of the raised Palace Bridge against the backdrop of the Peter and Paul Cathedral. The admiralty needle is depicted on the medal "For the Defense of Leningrad".
Admiralty fortress, built according to the drawings of Peter I
Initially, the St. Petersburg Admiralty was built as a shipyard according to drawings signed personally by Peter I. It was laid on November 5 (16), 1704, about which the following record has been preserved:
The preparatory work was completed in record time: at the beginning of 1705, the main buildings were erected at the shipyard and the first ships were laid on the slipways.
Since in the conditions of the Northern War it was necessary to protect the shipyard, in 1706 the Admiralty was a fortress: the buildings were fenced with an earthen rampart with five earthen bastions, ditches were dug along the perimeter filled with water and a glacis embankment was made. Esplanade - a vast meadow free from buildings for viewing the area of shelling in the event of a surprise attack by the enemy, extended to the modern Malaya Morskaya Street.
On May 10 (April 29), 1706, after the completion of the construction of a shed with 18 cannons, the first launch of the ship took place.
By 1715, about ten thousand people worked in this subdivision of the Admiralty Order. At that time, the Admiralty was a one-story hut building, located in the form of a strongly stretched letter "P", opened towards the Neva. The building housed warehouses, workshops, forges, as well as services of the Admiralty department. The yard was occupied by boathouses for the construction of sailing ships, along its perimeter there was an inner canal (filled up in 1817). The Admiralty Canal had both defensive and transport functions: being connected to the Admiralty Canal, it was integrated into the network of city canals, and timber from New Holland and other building materials were delivered through it.
Model-camera
In 1709, by order of Peter I, a model camera was founded in the Admiralty (Netherlands. model-kammer- model room, sample pantry), where the ship's drawings and models were kept. According to the "Regulations on the management of the Admiralty and the shipyard" of 1722, the models of all the ships built here were preserved in the model-chamber: drawing for the descent of the ship, give it to the Admiralty College. In 1805, the model-chamber was transformed into the Maritime Museum (since 1908 - named after Peter the Great), which existed here until 1939.
Architecture
Building of 1711
In 1711, the first restructuring of the Admiralty was carried out. In 1719, the idea of a vertical dominant was realized: a metal spire with a boat was installed above the gate, erected by the Dutch master Harman van Bolos:
Ship
It is possible that the ship of the Admiralty repeats the silhouette of the first ship that entered the newly built port of St. Petersburg. There is also an opinion that the frigate "Oryol" became the prototype of the ship - the first Russian warship, built in 1667-1669 by decree of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich (this statement is based on the fact that none of the ships built by Peter until 1719 had nothing in common with a boat on a spire).
According to legend, the three flags on the masts of the ship were made of pure pure gold, and the personal compass of Peter I was kept in the bow.
The original boat stood on the spire until 1815, when during the repair it was replaced with a new one, while the original van Bolos boat was lost. The second boat stood for 71 years: in 1886, during the next repair of the spire, it was removed and replaced with an exact copy; the original, weighing 65 kg, length - 192 cm and height - 158 cm, was put on display at the Maritime Museum located here.
The Admiralty building made an impression on the people of that era:
Building of 1738
In 1732-1738, the architect IK Korobov built the stone building of the Admiralty. The architect succeeded, while retaining the previous plan, to give the structure a monumentality that corresponded to its city-forming function. In the center, above the gate, a slender central tower was built with a gilded spire, sometimes called the "Admiralty Needle" (according to some testimonies, gold ducats received by Peter I as a gift from the United Provinces were put on the gilding of the spire). A weathervane boat was raised to a height of 72 meters, and it remains here to this day.
In the 1740s, the area around the Admiralty was used for military exercises and as pasture for livestock. On holidays, the Admiralty Meadow became a place for city-wide festivities and fairs; carousels, booths, and roller coasters were installed here.
The space around the Admiralty was also streamlined: in the 1760s, the architect Andrei Kvasov defined the boundaries of the central squares surrounding the Admiralty building.
The area to the south of the Admiralty was called the Admiralty Meadow until the middle of the 18th century. Soldiers' exercises and festivities were held on the Admiralty Meadow.
In the second half of the 18th century, the fortress canal became heavily polluted and began to accumulate dirty waste water. Empress Elizaveta Petrovna in the middle of the 18th century ordered the canal to be regularly cleaned and the meadow to be paved. The Admiralty meadow was completely paved only towards the end of the reign of Catherine II (in the last quarter of the 18th century).
By this time, the southern part of the meadow was built up, and the boundaries of the Admiralty Square in front of the main facade of the Admiralty were determined.
Building of 1823
By the beginning of the 19th century, the utilitarian architecture of the Admiralty no longer corresponded to its position as a "central" building in the city: three main thoroughfares (Nevsky Prospect, Gorokhovaya Street and Voznesensky Prospect) converge towards it. To the east of the Admiralty, the undeveloped space reached the Moika River, along which Bolshaya Lugovaya Street ran. It became necessary to change the appearance of the building so that it would be in harmony with the nearby Winter Palace and other magnificent architectural ensembles located next to the Admiralty.
In 1806-1823, the architect Andreyan Zakharov brilliantly solved this problem. The idea of the building's new look was the theme of Russia's naval glory and the power of the Russian fleet. Zakharov rebuilt the Admiralty almost completely, leaving only an elegant tower with a spire. The fortifications near the shipyard were destroyed, and a boulevard was laid out in their place (now the Aleksandrovsky Garden is located on this place). Preserving the configuration of the plan of an already existing building, Zakharov created a new, grandiose (the length of the main facade is 407 m), giving it a majestic architectural appearance and emphasizing its central position in the city (as mentioned above, the main thoroughfares converge to it in three rays).
The architectural ensemble of the Admiralty consists of two U-shaped buildings (external and internal). The Admiralty Moat passed between them. The outer building was occupied by the administrative offices of the sea and river fleet of Russia, while the inner building was still occupied by production workshops.
In the center of the building there is a monumental tower with a spire (architect Ivan Korobov), surrounded by a colonnade in the middle part, which has become the symbol of the city. The base of the tower is cut through by an arch, and 12 and 6-column porticos are installed on the flanks of the middle part. They are repeated on the side facades. The pavilions facing the Neva echo the base of the central tower and are crowned with flagpoles with statues of dolphins. The strict rhythm of articulations gives the composition of the Admiralty a special wholeness. The composition of the two wings of the facade, symmetrically located on the sides of the tower, is built on a complex rhythmic alternation of simple and clear volumes (smooth walls, strongly protruding porticos, deep loggias).
Sculpture occupies a special place in the architectural solution of the Admiralty. In the pediments of the side porticos there are reliefs depicting the Greek goddess of justice, Themis, rewarding soldiers and artisans. Stepan Pimenov, Vasily Demut-Malinovsky, Artemy Anisimov took part in the creation of the sculptures. The central arch is flanked by statues of nymphs carrying globes standing on high pedestals (sculptor Feodosiy Shchedrin). Above the arch there are soaring Glories and an allegorical bas-relief "Establishment of the Fleet in Russia" by Ivan Terebenev. At the corners of the first tier there are figures of ancient heroes: Alexander the Great, Achilles, Ajax and Pyrrhus. Above the colonnade there are 28 sculptural allegories: fire, water, earth, air, four seasons, four cardinal points, the muse of astronomy - Urania and the patroness of shipbuilders, the Egyptian goddess Isis, etc.
Decorative reliefs organically correlate with large architectural volumes, wall sculptural groups emphasize living human measure in grandiosely expanded facades. The sculptures of the Admiralty do not just indicate the functional purpose of the building, they affirm the image of Russia as a maritime power.
From the interiors of the Admiralty, a lobby with a grand staircase, a meeting room and a library have been preserved. The austere austerity of monumental architectural forms is softened by an abundance of light and exceptional elegance of decoration.
Operation history
The construction of sailing ships at the Admiralty shipyard continued until 1844. Later, only the institutions of the fleet remained in the building: the Naval Ministry, the Main Naval Headquarters, the Main Hydrographic Directorate, the Admiralty Cathedral. In 1709-1939, it housed the Naval Museum.
Since June 1917, the Centroflot, the central democratic body of the fleet, which supports the Provisional Government, was located here. During the October Revolution, it was disbanded, and on October 26, on the initiative of V.I.Lenin, the Naval Revolutionary Committee (VMRK) was created, which mobilized the forces of the fleet to create and consolidate the Soviet state. VMRK was located in the wing of the Admiralty, facing the Bronze Horseman.
In 1932-1933, the building housed the Gas Dynamic Laboratory - the first design bureau in the USSR for the development of rocket engines.
Since 1925, the building houses the F.E.Dzerzhinsky Higher Naval Engineering School. Until the end of 2008, the headquarters of the Red Banner Leningrad Naval Base was also located there.
Preservation and restoration
During the blockade of Leningrad, the spire of the Admiralty was covered; the shelter was removed on April 30, 1945. Restoration work in the building was carried out in 1928, 1977 and 1997-1998. In 1977, when the spire was gilded, a special box was installed in the ball under the boat, where the draft of the Constitution of the USSR was placed.
Modernity
In the post-Soviet era, various projects for the new use of the premises of the Admiralty have repeatedly appeared. So, in 2006, a proposal was put forward to move here, to a limited area, the Central Naval Museum, in the building of which the government of St. Petersburg planned to open an oil exchange. In the fall of 2007, there was a proposal to place the command of the Navy in the Admiralty. Meanwhile, residents of the city noticed that the Admiralty tower had cracked. The situation is being investigated by KGIOP
In 2009, the Naval School and the headquarters of the Leningrad Naval Base left the building. On October 31, 2012, the official move of the General Staff of the Navy to the Admiralty building took place, on the same day the St. Andrew's flag was raised on the building, officially symbolizing the presence of the high naval command here.
On December 25, 2013, in the Admiralty, in a tower with a spire at the intersection of the Admiralteyskaya embankment and the Palace passage, the church of St. Spyridonius of Trimifutsky was opened (the cross of the temple will be the St. Andrew's banner, developing over the turret). The opening of the temple was attended by the command of the Russian Navy, headed by Viktor Chirkov, who believed that this event was timed to coincide with the launch of the second missile carrier of the Borey project.
At the end of January 2014, Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu approved the concept of adapting the complex of buildings of the Admiralty for the needs of the Navy: the courtyards of the building, in violation of the legislation on the protection of monuments, are proposed to be covered with a transparent dome, and glass passages be thrown between the historical buildings.
The Patriotic War of 1812-1814 significantly slowed down the work on the restructuring of the Admiralty. In total, the main construction work took thirteen years, and another four years were spent on finishing the building. The complete reconstruction was completed by 1823.
According to Zakharov's project, the U-shaped plan of the building remained with a vast courtyard open to the Neva, ships were still built here. But if you look from above, you can see two elongated U-shaped bodies, as if inserted into one another. The ends of the inner and outer P are closed on both sides by pavilions-arches. After the restructuring, these buildings were intended for the institutions of the Naval Department (Admiralty Department, library, museum). The building facing the Palace Square was occupied by the residence of the Admiralty Department.
Side-facing body Bronze Horseman", The seat of the Admiralty Board. They faced the city with their new front facades. Both groups of Admiralty buildings were separated by a canal that went out to the Neva through the arches of two symmetrical pavilions, built according to the project of A.D. Zakharov.
The length of the main facade of the Admiralty is 415 meters, and each of the side ones is 172 meters. The main façade is divided into three parts. In the center is a massive rectangular volume carrying a stepped tower. The tower is crowned with a spire with a boat - this motive Zakharov also preserved from the Korobov Admiralty.
A clock made at the Izhora plant was installed on the Admiralty tower. The best sculptors of that time took part in the construction of the Admiralty: FF Shchedrin, VI Demut-Malinovsky, SS Pimenov, II Terebenev, AA Anisimov.
Thematically, the sculpture and reliefs in allegorical form reveal the purpose of the building and glorify the sea power of Russia. The central tower bearing the spire became the focus of the sculpture. Above the entrance arch is the main relief - "Establishment of the Fleet in Russia", made by II Terebenev. The relief depicts the god of the seas, Neptune, presenting Peter I with a trident, a symbol of power over the sea. Nearby is Russia in the image of a young woman with a cornucopia in her hand. Here is Minerva, Mercury and Vulcan, glorifying Russia. Russia carries the Russian flag over the waves along which ships sail, surrounded by sea deities.
Above the arch of the gate are two allegorical figures of the winged geniuses of Glory. In the center of the relief framing the arch is the state emblem.
On both sides, the arch is flanked by sculptural groups - Sea nymphs carrying heavenly spheres, by the sculptor FF Shchedrin. On the parapet of the tower there are statues of the heroes of antiquity - Alexander the Great, Pyrrhus, Ajax and Achilles.
The Admiralty is one of the main attractions of St. Petersburg. Three central streets of St. Petersburg begin from the spire of the Admiralty: Nevsky Prospect, Gorokhovaya Street and Voznesensky Prospekt, extending from it in three beams. From the most remote places of these streets you can see the spire of the Admiralty - one of the symbols of the city. For this, in the 19th century, the Admiralty was jokingly called the Pole Star.
It all started with the Admiralty Shipyard. The shipyard was founded on the banks of the Neva River on November 5, 1704 by order of Peter I. Some of the first warships of the Russian fleet were built here. Initially, the shipyard also served as a fortress with bastions and was surrounded by earthen ramparts and a moat.
11 years later, according to the project of the architect I.K.Korobov, the main building was rebuilt, which was crowned with a tower with a gilded spire. The Admiralty building, which we can see today, is the third since the foundation of the shipyard. Its project was carried out by the architect A.D. Zakharov. The reconstruction took a long time: from 1806 to 1823. The building was erected in the classical style, but the architect was able to preserve the spire and tower, which later became historical monuments.
The construction of the Admiralty began by decree of Peter I on the opposite bank of the Neva from the Peter and Paul Fortress - November 5, 1704.
The Admiralty was built not only as a shipyard for the production of ships, but also as a fortress for defensive purposes. Petersburg was born under the conditions of the Northern War, the Admiralty, just as the Peter and Paul Fortress served to protect the territories conquered from the Swedes. Peter I himself was looking for a place for a new shipyard, together with A.D. Menshikov they spent a week in boats, going round all the bays and bays of the Neva delta. The place was chosen obliquely from Hare Island and opposite Vasilievsky. The new fortress-shipyard was located where the Neva has the smallest width - this would allow direct fire at the enemy. Construction lasted only one year; on April 29, 1706, the first 18-gun ship was launched.
Initially, the Admiralty was built traditionally, the composition resembled industrial buildings in Moscow, but unlike them, the Admiralty was not closed, but opened towards the Neva.
The construction work was supervised by A.D. Menshikov, who was assisted by the St. Petersburg chief commandant Bruce and the Olonets commandant Yakovlev. The length of the new fortress-shipyard was 425 meters along the coast, the width is 213 meters.
Peter I personally participated in the development of the Admiralty project. The building in the plan is a giant letter "P", facing a wide open courtyard to the Neva.
The lower tier was occupied by the Admiralty Order, the predecessor of the Admiralty Collegium and the Naval Ministry. Ten slipways, slipways for the construction of ships, smithies, sheds, etc. were built on the Neva coast. On the south side, the entrance was decorated with a high-rise building, which housed the "sovereign's office".
The shipyard-fortress was built according to all the fortification rules of that time.
Boathouses, workshops, barns, forges and other buildings intended for shipbuilding were surrounded by a high earthen rampart with five bastions: three of them in the middle and at the ends of the long southern curtain, and two near the Neva, at both ends of short curtains.
Ship cannons were installed on the bastions. In the middle of the courtyard, a transverse channel was laid through which the ships descended into the water.
A dry moat was dug in front of the rampart. In the center of the southern curtain, a gate with a "spitz" was built. A drawbridge was thrown across the moat to the gate. On three sides, a space free from buildings was arranged for a better view of the surroundings - glacis, which is popularly called the Admiralty Meadow. Glacis stretched to the river Mia and served as firefighting purposes.
Admiralty
The Admiralty needle, sung by the poet, is inextricably linked with the appearance of the city on the Neva:. And the sleeping masses of deserted streets are clear, and the Admiralty needle is bright. This is not a myth, but an objective reality. All 300 years of St. Petersburg's existence have passed under the shadow of the Admiralty spire.
The Admiralty was conceived by Peter as the largest shipyard on the Baltic coast. In the tsar's marching log dated November 16, 1704, there is an entry: They laid the Admiralty House and had fun in the osteria and had fun, length 200 fathoms, width 10 fathoms. The drawings of the Admiralty House were approved by Peter personally.
The construction of the shipyard did not begin from scratch. Until the beginning of the 18th century, the village of Gaguevo was located in its place. The habitable space greatly simplified the preparatory and construction work. Already at the beginning of 1705, the first ships were laid down at the Admiralty shipyard. On May 10, 1706, a ten-cannon parma landed on the water.
The first building of the shipyard was built with the letter P. This form was subsequently repeated by all subsequent Admiralty buildings. The main façade was 425 meters long and the side wings were 213 meters long. The construction of ships was carried out in the middle of this space.
Since in the first years of Petersburg's existence the threat of a Swedish attack was more than real, the Admiralty was surrounded by an earthen rampart with five bastions and a moat. The area in front of the moat was cleared for artillery fire. This vast empty space, later called the Admiralty Meadow, played an important role in shaping the appearance of St. Petersburg. In the 19th century, squares appeared in its place: Senatskaya, Isaakievskaya, Dvortsovaya. Admiralteyskaya, Adjustable. The first three squares have survived to this day, on the site of Admiralteyskaya Square, the Alexander Garden was laid out, and through the Razvodnaya Square at the beginning of the 20th century, a passage was laid to the Palace Bridge.
In 1711, the Admiralty underwent its first restructuring. During these works, the Dutch master Harman van Bolos installed the first 72-meter spire with a weathervane ship in the history of this building. Holstein courtier Friedrich-Wilhelm von Berchholz wrote in his diary: On the Admiralty, a beautiful and huge building located at the end of this road, there is a beautiful and rather tall spitz, which goes directly opposite the avenue.
Bolos's ship of baths stood on the spire of the Admiralty until 1815. Then, during the repair work, it was lost and replaced by a second boat, which was on duty until 1886. During the next renovation, the second boat was placed in the Naval Museum. An exact copy was installed in its place. The weight of the boat is 65 kg, length 192 cm, height 158 cm.
There is a ball under the boat. In 1864, it was made hollow, making a kind of storage out of it. Inside the ball there is a box, which contains information about all repairs of the spire, including major repairs in 1929 and 1977, St. Petersburg and Leningrad newspapers of the periods of repair are also kept.
The Admiralty is the center of the graceful ensemble. The admiralty spire, shining with gold, is crowned with a ship, which has become a kind of symbol of the city, standing on the threshold of the Baltic.
The bookmark of the Admiralty took place on November 5, 1704. By 1706, the Admiralty had turned into a fortress with five earthen bastions. Initially, this building was a one-story hut building, located in the form of a highly stretched letter P.
The new stone building of the Admiralty was erected in 1732-1738 according to the project of IK Korobov. The architect gave the building a great monumentality, corresponding to its important town planning significance.
In 1806-1823, according to the project of the architect A.D. Zakharov, the third building of the Admiralty was erected. In his appearance, the theme of the sea glory of Russia, the power of the Russian fleet sounded in full voice.
The construction of sailing ships at the Admiralty shipyard continued until 1844. Later, only the institutions in charge of the fleet remained in the building. Admiralty needle, which is mentioned in the Bronze Horseman. captured on the medal For the Defense of Leningrad. During the Great Patriotic War, the spire was covered, and the shelter was removed on April 30, 1945.
The Admiralty Needle is not accidentally included by A.S. Pushkin in the novel. Along with the majestic sculpture of Peter the Great, it symbolizes the greatness of Russia and St. Petersburg as an integral part of it. Such grandiose sights as the spire of the Admiralty further emphasize the helplessness of little people in front of a great power.
Sources: www.elitario.ru, spb.infrus.ru, www.hellopiter.ru, www.ipetersburg.ru, likt590.ru
Space flight - space elevator
Ponape Island. Sunken city
Anomalous zone Paper cut
Airplane from the past
Arches in the cities of the world
Italy is one of the most amazing countries in Europe, it keeps a huge number of masterpieces of world culture, the country is filled with museums, exhibitions, ...
Missile complex Yars
Strategic missile systems Yars and Bulava are capable of guaranteed penetration of existing and future missile defense systems. This ability is achieved through several ...
UFO shapes
Of all the four types of UFOs, a number of the most characteristic forms should be distinguished. Among them, the main and rarer varieties are distinguished. According to the data...
Mysterious places on earth
It is difficult to find a geographic point in China with the same grim reputation as the Heizhu Gulch in Sichuan province to the southwest ...
