History Empire State Building. Empire State Building in New York

A few years ago, Empire State Building was the highest skyscraper of New York, and, although since then there were buildings that exceed it in their sizes, this place remained one of the significant tourism centers. Daily thousand people rise to the observation platform to look at Manhattan on all sides. The history of the city is closely connected with this structure, so each resident is able to tell a lot of interesting information about the building with a spire.

Stages of the construction of Empire State Building

The project to create a new office building appeared in 1929. The main architectural idea belonged to Willyam Lamb, although similar motives were already used earlier in the construction of other structures. In particular, in North Carolina and in Ohio, it is possible to find buildings that actually be the prototypes for the future large-scale construction of New York.

In the winter of 1930, the workers started processing the Earth on the site of the future of the high-rise building, and the construction itself began on March 17. In total, about 3.5 thousand people were involved, while builders for the most part were either immigrants or representatives of the indigenous population.

Work on the project was carried out during the development period of the city, so the site was felt the tension from the grace of deadlines. Simultaneously with Empire State Building, Chrysler and Skyscraper on Wall Street were built, while each owner wanted his project to be the most advantageous compared to competitors.

As a result, the Highest was the Empire State Building, which retained his status for another 39 years. Such success was achieved due to the coordinated work at the construction site. On average estimates, about four floors were erected weekly. There was even a period when the workers managed to post fourteen floors in ten days.

Total construction of one of the most famous skyscrapers of the world took 410 days. The right to launch the coverage of the new office center was transmitted to the President at that time, which on May 1, 1931 announced the Empire State Building open.

Architecture of american skyscraper

The height of the building together with the spire is 443.2 meters, and its width is 140 meters. The main style on the idea of \u200b\u200bthe architect was Ar Deco, but the facade has classic elements in the design. In total, the Empire State Building of the 103 floors, and the 16 tops are an add-in with two viewing platforms. The area of \u200b\u200bthe room exceeds 208 thousand square meters. Many people are wondering how many bricks went to the construction of such a structure, and although nobody considered their quantity, it is known that about 10 million construction units took.

The roof is made in the form of a spider, on the idea, he had to become a point of stopping airship. When the Skyscraper was built at that moment, they decided to check the possibility of using the tops for their intended purpose, but due to strong winds it did not work out. As a result, in the mid-20th century, the terminal for the airship was redested under the television tower.

Inside it is worth paying attention to the finishing of the main foyer. Its width is 30 meters, and the height is commensurate with three floors. Marble plates are added to the placement of stability, and the pictures with seven wonders of light are bright elements of the decor. The eighth image is sketching the Empire State Building itself, which is also identified with world-famous buildings.

Separate interest causes the backlight of the tower, which is constantly changing. There is a special set of colors applied to different days of the week, as well as their combination for national holidays. Everyone significant for the city, country or world the event is clotted into symbolic shades. So, for example, the Day of Death Frank Sinatra marked the blue tones because of the popular nickname in honor of the color of his eyes, and Gamma from Heraldry Windsor was used in the anniversary birthday of the British Queen.

Historical events related to the tower

Despite the importance of the office center, he became popular at once. From the moment the Empire State Building was built, an unstable economic situation reigned in the United States, so it was not to take all office premises to the majority of the country's companies. About a decade, the building was considered unprofitable. Only with the change of owner in 1951 the office center began to profit.

In the history of the skyscraper there are mourning dates, in particular, in the war years a bomber flew into the building. 1945, July 28 became destructive, as the plane crashed between 79 and 80 floors. The blow to break through the building, one of the elevators fell from a huge height, while Betty Lu Oliver was alive in him and got into the number of world record holders. 14 people died as a result of this incident, but the work of offices did not stop from this.

Because of their fame and the huge height, the Empire State Building is rather popular with those who want to end the life. It is for this reason that the design of the viewing platforms further strengthened the fences. Since the opening of the tower, more than thirty suicides happened. True, sometimes misfortunes can be prevented, and sometimes the case decides to make their contribution. It happened to Elvita Adams, who jumped from 86 floors, but thanks to the strong wind was abandoned by 85 floor, having finished only a fracture.

Tower in culture and sports

Residents of the United States of America love Empire State Building, so often episodes with a skyscraper appear in cash films. The most famous scene for the world community is King Kong hanging from the spire and dishwashes from soaping around the aircraft. With the rest of the paintings you can find on the official website where the list of films with unforgettable types of New York Tower is located.

The building is a platform for unusual competitions, in which everyone is allowed to participate. It is necessary to overcome all the steps to 86 floors for a while. The most successful winner coped with the task in 9 minutes 33 seconds, and for this I had to rise at 1576 steps. Here they also conduct tests for firefighters and policemen, but they fulfill the conditions in full equipment.

Many do not know why the tower received such an unusual name that has "imperial" roots. In fact, the reason lies in the use of this epithet with respect to the state of New York. In fact, the name means "the structure of the Imperial State", which in translating it sounds ordinary for the inhabitants of this area.

Interesting the game of words that appeared in the period of the Great Depression. Then, instead of Empire, the word Empty was often used, which was close on the sound, but meant that the building was empty. In those years, office premises were very difficult to rent, so the owners of the skyscraper carried significant losses.

Useful information for tourists

Tourists of New York are definitely thinking about how to get to Empire State Building. Address of the skyscraper: Manhattan, Fifth Avenue, 350. Visitors will have to simultane a long queue, since many want to rise to the viewing platforms.

It is allowed to look at the view of the city from the height 86 and 102 floors. The elevators are raised on both marks, but the price is slightly changing. In the lobby is forbidden to conduct video shooting, but on the observation site you can make the most beautiful photos with the panorama of Manhattan.

Also on the second floor they conduct an attraction with a video video, where you can learn more about the surroundings of the city. If you are lucky, the King Kong will meet at the entrance to the viewing platform, which is rightfully considered to be a symbol of this place.

1. Only 1 year and 45 days left for the construction of the Empire State Building skyscraper and 45 days. The construction process accelerated due to the fact that ESB participated in the construction race with a skyscraper.

2. The money was spent much less than planned. Construction cost almost 41 million dollars. This is less than half of the projected costs.

3. The building was emptied for many years. Because of the Great Depression, no one could afford to rent an office in ESB. At the time of discovery, about 80% of all rooms were free.

4. One day an airplane crashed into the Empire State Bilding. This happened on July 28, 1945. The bomber "B-25" crashed into the building between the 79th and 80th floors. As a result of the accident killed 11 people.

5. There are rumors that the spire of the building was intended to tie the airship.

6. At the top of the tower, on the 10th floor, there is a tiny room. It is used for maintenance and is not available to the public.

7. In Empire State Building strikes up to 100 zone per year.

8. ESB has its own postal code - 10118.

9. Empire State Building - Cinema Star. He played his first major role in the film about King Cong. The shooting took place two years after its discovery.

10. Many workers, or as they were also called - "Skywalkers", built the building, were the Indians of the Mogawkov tribe. They were famous for the fact that they were not afraid of heights.

11. Every year, on February 14, mass weddings pass in the skyscraper. Newlyweds marry on the 80th floor, receive free tickets to the sightseeing platform and become members of the "Wedding Club".

12. Every year in the skyscraper there is a race on the steps to the very top (1536 steps to 86 floors). The most rapid time, at the time of writing this article, was 9 minutes and 33 seconds, and I showed it to Paul Crack from Australia.

13. There are no residential premises in ESB. His rooms are intended only under the offices.

14. At the top of the Empire State Building, very strong static electricity is formed. Try to kiss your half and between the lips you will feel the current)

15. ESB lights were first included from Washington, Colombia District.
The opening of Empire State Building, May 1, 1931, was a national event. President Herbert Goover included the lights of the building, being in Washington.

You will be in New York, be sure to take time to visit this beautiful skyscraper and its sightseeing site.

Do not forget to purchase a card. With her, you will save a lot of time and money when visiting the sights of New York.

How ESB was built:

Views from the sightseeing area:

The most famous New York Skyscraper is located in Midtown Manhattan (Midtown Manhattan) at the intersection - and the 34th Street.

Empire State Building is made in Art Deco style, has 102 floors, the height of the building including the spire is 443.2 meters. The building received its name from the old spoken name of New York (The Empire State). The building was built in 1931 and for 40 years was the highest building in the world (until the moment when in 1972, New York builders did not finish the North Tower of World Trade Center.

Empire State Building is one of the seven wonders of the world and personifies the power of the American economy and the spirit of the American nation.

The building was designed by a group of architects, which was led by the American architect William Lamb. The construction of the building began in March 1930, 3,400 workers were simultaneously involved on the construction site. The works were completely completed on May 1, 1931, that is, the building was built in less than 14 months or 410 days.

The initial cost of Empire Stite Building was estimated at 43 million dollars (642 million in prices 2012) However, in connection with the large depression broken in the economic crisis, to the beginning of construction and during the year, when the building was built, the engineers constantly looking for ways to reduce it, The final cost of the building for the end of construction amounted to a little more than half of the initially expected costs - $ 25 million.

Over the first year of operation, Empire State Building, his sightseeing platform brought revenue in the amount of $ 2 million, which was comparable with the means obtained from the delivery area of \u200b\u200bthe building for rent.

However, for several years, the owners of Empire State Bilding could not fill the building by tenants by more than 60%, which was explained by the continuing great depression. In this regard, the building in the people nicknamed Empty State Building (empty building). Thus, the building paid off for investors only after 19 years in 1950.

Empire State Building The first building in the world with more than 100 floors. The building has 6 500 windows and 73 elevators. Today, there are more than 1,000 tenant companies in the building, every working day building visits more than 21,000 office workers, which makes it a second commercial building in America after the Pentagon.

Interesting Facts

After the terrorist act on September 11, 2001 - (9/11) and the collapse of the Turins of the World Trade Center, Empire State Bilding again became the highest building in E;

Currently, the building is owned by more than 2,800 investment funds, through Empire State Building Associates L.L.C;

For all the years of the existence of Empire State Building, more than 30 people committed suicide to jumping from his observation deck located on the 86th floor;

On December 2, 1979, Evita Adams jumped from the observation deck of the building but the bust of the wind was abandoned below the floor below where was found with a broken thigh;

On July 28, 1945 at 9:40 am, the American pilot on the bombarder B-25 Mitchell as a result of the loss of management crashed into the northern side of Empire State Building between 79 and 80 floors. As a result of the incident, 13 office workers were killed and the pilot himself;

Push

Feeling from finding at the foot of Empire State Building exciting. The most striking imagination is the fact of the construction of this giant for 410 cadeprises! To get crazy .. By the way, at the time of my life in Moscow, I worked for 3 years in one fairly well-known developer company, our company was engaged in the construction of one of the height of Moscow-City. So, for example, the construction of the altitude is conducted since 2003, in the yard 2013 - and the building on a quarter is not completed.

View from the observation deck to not describe, it amazes imagination. Attending the building is better in the evening when New York is completely immersed in the illumination. Long line of tourists can somewhat spoil the impression, but after entering the observation platform, you will completely forget about it! You can get acquainted with Empire Stite Building on one of my individual.

The viewing platforms are two - at the level of 86 floors and at the level of 102 floors. There are so-called "express" tickets (bypassing most of the queues) Thus, overpaying $ 22 per person, you can save an hour and a half of your own time. Access to the site of the 102th floor is paid separately (+ $ 17) - here it is clearly possible to save, the site on top of a close view from the type from the 86th floor is practically not distinguished.

Skyscraper Empire State Building is one of the most famous buildings in the world. His authors - the architectural agency "Sriv, Lamb and Harmon" - the first in history decided to create a project of a building with more than a hundreds of floors. Open on Mahawten in 1931, built less than a year and a half, he was rightly considered the "eighth miracle of the world", which was reflected in his painting His Hall. But in the 70s, the construction of the World Trade Center deprived of his palm of championship among the highest buildings, and the increase in the number of skyscrapers not only in the United States, but also in other countries forced to sweep the halo of uniqueness.

As a result, the new stage of development, which occurred in the life of Empire State Building at the end of the 20th century, determined it as a participant in the race no longer technological or construction, and tourist. Owners of a skyscraper, leaving him a huge office building, in which there are over 20 thousand people, make accent and on its attractiveness for tourists. In particular, the unique gold painting of the ceiling in the lobby in the spirit of the 30s, both viewing sites (86 and 102 floors) are equipped so that there are 360 \u200b\u200b° overview, the center for visitors with a separate entrance from the 34th street, works The museum that enters the history of Empire State Building to the New York story. These and other changes summarize that attending Empire State Building today is not only about the look at a large apple from a height of 373 meters, it is also about touching the lively, developing in your eyes the history of one of the most famous megacities of the world.

Empire Height State Bilding in New York

There are unconfirmed evidence that investors who invested in the project Empire State Building did not discuss the number of floors with the architect, asking to design the building as high as possible. The architect William Lamb began with 50 floors, but the result of the 103 floors.

The height of Empire State Building from the base to the roof is 381 meters, taking into account the antenna installed on the roof - 443.2 meters. For 2020, this is the second largest building in New York, the third - in the USA, the 51st - in the world.

From the moment of commissioning and until 1970, this skyscraper in Manhattan remained unsurpassed in height not only in the States, but also on the entire planet. The competitor appeared in the tent of the south quarters - in December 1970, the Northern Tower of the World Trade Center was completed. Taking into account the antenna, the new building reached a record mark of 530 meters.

In subsequent years, the skyscrapers of other states moved Empire State Building to more distant positions and world lists. So by the time of the destruction of the towers, "twins" in 2001, he returned to the position of the leader only in the ranking of New York. But in it in 2012, the building turned out to be in second place, as the Tower of Freedom was built on the place of the WTC (on the roof).

Construction Empire State Building

Project Developers Empire State Building created it in just 2 weeks. Retriever is explained by the fact that they used developments from other orders. At the place of the future skyscraper stood one of the hotels in the Astoria network, he was to demolish. We started the work in 1929. John cut, one of the businessmen financing the construction of a skyscraper, hoped to attract investments and start the construction of a new building in the same year, but in October the New York Stock Exchange collapsed, and the crisis began.

Neither cut, no one more curator of the project Alfred Smith lost money, but people who planned to invest in the project went bankrupt. Despite the loss of the source of funds, at the threat of low demand for offices in the future skyscraper due to the obvious crisis, the cut and Smith preferred to take a loan than to abandon the project at all.

Building Empire State Building started on January 22, 1930 - in the midst of the Great Depression etched turnover.

During the winter months, the demolition of the hotel ended, and the pit was digging in parallel with a gigantic foundation. The construction of the first bearing structures began on March 17. The pace of construction from the first stage was impressive. The first 14 floors were erected in 10 days, and in the future they built about 4 floors a week.

By November, 75 floors were built, and the metal structures were erected until the 95th floor. From this time, simultaneous interior decoration of finished levels began. Installation of 66 elevators has also begun, each of which had a rise in 366 m / min. About 3,500 workers worked on the construction of the building. Empire State Building was commissioned on May 1, 1931 - only 405 days later from the day of the construction site.

Square viewing sites

The building has 2 viewing platforms: 86 and 102 floors. To get on them, you need to purchase a ticket. For each site it is separate. Tourists can get to Empire State Building through the Visitor's Center, the entrance to which is located on the side of the 34th street. Tickets are sold in machine guns with a simple interface. If difficulty arises, you can contact one of the staff attending in the hall.

The automata partially solved the problem of the queue at the box office, but be prepared to spend some time waiting at the exit to the site. To avoid this, visiting Empire State Building Tourists advise to come to the opening of the site at 8:00 or after 22:00. At this time, people are not so much. In addition, at the beginning of the day, you can watch how the city wakes up, and Late in the evening enjoy the ocean of lights of a large apple.

The observation deck of the 86th floor is located at an altitude of about 340 meters, the 102th floor - at the level of 371 meters. Both have a full circular review, and are decorated with the ceiling and the floor projections of the nearest buildings that can be seen if you approach panoramic glazing. It overlooks the statue of freedom, and on the central park. To better figure out the details of the opening view, it is worth downloading from the official website of the skyscraper free app Observatory Experience. Also on the venues you will find powerful binoculars that will help consider the details of the panorama.

What to see now

Empire State Building is known not only to the viewing platforms, but also architecture, restored lobby interiors, a small museum, where you can take a picture in a huge Lope King Cong, as well as a kind of backlight. Acquaintance with these details will make the impressions of visiting the skyscraper brighter.

Lobby

Since 2009, visitors to Lobby Empire State Building can see the same ceiling, which was above the heads of the first visitors of the skyscraper in 1931. A large fresco, created using aluminum and gold, was closed with suspended ceiling in the middle of the 20th century and decided to restore only fifty years later.

The painting in the Art Deco style depicts the sky, full of planets and stars, which at the same time are an assembly line of gear. So the designers of the last century expressed respect for the era of discoveries and technical progress. Attention is drawn to the wall behind the reception of visitors in the lobby, which shows the skyscraper and rays coming from his vertices.

To fully restore the frescoes, as well as the authentic lamps in the spirit of the 30s of the 20th century, the restorers team took 18 months, despite the fact that the whole building was built only for 13 months.

Museum and souvenir shop

On the 2nd floor organized a museum, which tells not only about the history of the skyscraper and New York, but also about the place of Empire State Building in a popular culture. Here you can see the photo of Manhattan streets in the 1920s, learn what were the old elevators from Otis, and also to get acquainted with filmters, cartoons, comics, clips and other pop culture products, which demonstrate Empire State Building.

Among these paintings - the film "King Kong", shot in 1933, as well as his remake released in "zero". The museum is even decorated with a corner, which consists of an image of the King Cong and the layouts of his fingers who have broken the wall. Bravets can take pictures with them!

Next to the museum is a souvenir shop where you can buy magnets, dishes and other items depicting Empire State Building. Also selling clothes with the image of a skyscraper.

Stairs

Another remarkable object is a staircase consisting of 1860 steps. Each year on February 5, there are competitions in high-speed raising. At the same time, the distance is limited to 1576 steps - participants finish on the 86th floor. Also on the stairs, Empire State Building is held training firefighters and rescuers of New York. Tourists can get to the staircase only in the days of the competition, participating in the race. The rest of the time it is closed for visitors, only high-speed elevators are used for lifting.

Backlight

The skyscraper external lighting system also makes it one of the most remarkable buildings of New York. The searchlights are located on the upper tiers. They work from 1964 every day, with each day of the week correspond to their color.

On holidays and in honor of the memorable dates, a unique range of shades is selected. For example, in the days of the games of New York teams, the building acquires the color of their official colors, on the day of the celebration of the anniversary of Elizabeth II century. 2002 it became Purple-Gold (official colors of the Windsor Family), and when gay parades are held, the facade is painted in all colors of the rainbow. On the official website of the skyscraper, there is even a game schedule of the backlight.

How to get to Empire State Building in New York

If you stayed at the hotel in Manhattan or are close to the skyscraper, use the walk-in route card posted on the building site. If you are planning to get to Empire State Building on public transport, then use the metro or bus.

Metro. A 5-minute walk from the building is a station 34 Street - Herald Square. Before it is followed by train routes B, D, F and M (line sixth Avenue), N, Q, R, W (Broadway line).

Bus. Opposite the skyscraper in West 34 Street is the bus stop W 34 ST & 5 AV. It goes to do such routes like M34-SBS, M34A-SBS, QM10, QM12, QM15, QM18, QM17, QM18, QM24.

To order a trip Taxi, use the mobile applications Uber, Via, Gett, Arro, Waave or others.

Panoramic view of Manhattan from 102 floors Empire State Building:

What a view from Empire State Building: Video

Empire State Building (Empire State Building) is one of the first and legendary New York skyscrapers that have become it symbols. He was called the eighth miracle of the world, and until 1972, he proudly wore the title of the highest building in the world. The history of construction is rich in interesting facts, both amazing and sad.

Building architecture

The development of the project, which took only 2 weeks, was engaged in a group of architects from the company Sriiv, Lam and Harmon. In the construction of the building they successfully combined the mood of the public in the period of the Great Depression and the new requirements for urban development.

Skyscraper has step shape, narrows up. This is one of the requirements of the Law on Zoning City Territory (1916). The narrowing of the upper floors should have ensured good lighting of the streets.

The facades are deprived of any decor and are simplified as much as possible, but the object without a doubt refer to the Art Deco style. Not the last role in this is played by a set of materials - chrome steel, plastics and glass. New and brave combination for that period of time.

Construction of the New York skyscraper

In January 1930, the construction of Empire State Building began in New York. At the preparatory stage, the pit was died, summed up engineering communications and built the foundation. In March of the same year, the construction of the main part was launched.

All works were based on the principle of the conveyor. This is particularly brightly demonstrated by the fact that steel framework parts mounted 8 hours after their manufacturer at the factory.

Directly at the construction site installed coal furnaces in which rivets for the beams of the frame. His, by the way, was collected for up to 86 floors for half a year. In parallel with the assembly of the steel island inside the building worked plumbers and electricians, laying engineering communications.

Empire State Building - Numbers and Facts

The famous New York skyscraper is striking not only with its scales, but also some facts about which not everyone knows about.

Empire State Building in numbers

Some figures that lead statistics and historical chronicles are forced to look at Empire State Building with other eyes:

• 10,000,000 bricks were gone for construction, 60,000 tons of steel elements, 6,500 window designs, about 700 km of electrical cables;
• the spire strikes about 100 lightning per year;
• the height of the construction was 381 m, but after installing the television tower, it increased to 443 m;
• the total weight of the structure - 365,000 tons;
• about 3,000 people constantly worked at the construction site;
• on the construction of a skyscraper took a record 410 days;
• in the building of 103 floors, the connection between which provides 73 elevators;
• viewing platforms Empire State Building visited 110,000,000 people;
• in the offices of the skyscraper there are about 30,000 people;
• the cost of the building at the time of construction amounted to 41,000,000 dollars, and in 2014 it was rated in 629,000,000 dollars.

It was not without sad statistics. According to official data, 5 people died during the construction.

Empire State Building in New York is remembered not only by height, architecture, but also several interesting facts of their "biographies".

1. The name one of the most famous US skyscrapers received, thanks to the unofficial name of New York - Empire State or "Imperial State".
2. Rent all the offices of the tower managed only after a decade after construction.
3. At the highest point planned the installation of the spire to moor the airship. In practice, it turned out to be impracticable due to strong vortex air flows at height.
4. Every year on February 5, competitions on the run are held in the skyscraper. The winner is declared the one who overcomes 1576 steps for a record short time.
5. Since the building is a huge number of offices, it has your postal code - 10118.
6. The main burden is not the foundation, but a steel frame. This allows you to significantly reduce the weight of the structure.
7. Empire State Building has become a hero of several film. The most famous of them is "King Kong" (1933).
8. An elegant panorama opens from the observation deck. Consumer neighborhood can be surrounded at a distance of 128 km.

A well-known fact is that for the construction of the height attracted assemblers from the Mogawkov tribe, which were not afraid of heights.

Backlight of the New York skyscraper

After a few decades after the construction of Empire State Building became a symbol of American dreams and discouraged the special love of US citizens. He called a new wave of interest and sympathy in 1964, when the upper part of the structure was equipped with spotlights. They highlighted the TV and the latest floors on holidays or any significant dates. The system works to this day.

Each holiday and event corresponds Specific Color Gamma Backlight. So, after the death of F. Sinatra, these were blue lights, in the anniversary of the Queen of Great Britain - Purple-Golden. After the destruction of the World Trade Center, the tower has been highlighted in red, white and blue colors for several months. During the tournament, the US Open (Tennis) dominates yellow.

In some commemorative dates, the backlight is turned off completely.

Interesting fact! In 2012, 10 spotlights were replaced by 1200 LEDs. They provide a wide range of colors for highlighting and are fully controlled from the computer. Now about 16 million color solutions are available for lighting the top of the skyscraper.

On the official website of Empire Building you can always find out the current color of the backlight, as well as what it was yesterday, which will be in the nearest significant date.

Incident in Empire State Building

In July 1945, an American bomber crashed between 79 and 80 floors to Empire State Builder. The blow was so strong that his the engine flew through the building through the building. Skyscraper himself did not receive special damage. Most offices have opened without problems the next day. At the same time, the collision took 14 lives.