Haiku as a genre of ancient Japanese literature. Rules for Composing and Examples of Haiku Features of Japanese Poetry
Haiku (otherwise haiku)
genre and form of Japanese poetry; three-line, consisting of two encircling five-syllable verses and one seven-syllable in the middle. Genetically goes back to the first semi-stanza of the Tank (haiku literally - initial verses), from which it differs in the simplicity of the poetic language, the rejection of the previous canonical rules, the increased role of associativity, understatement, hint. X passed through several stages in its development. The poets Arakida Moritake (1465-1549) and Yamazaki Sokan (1465-1553) saw X as a purely comic genre. The merit of turning X. into the leading lyrical genre belongs to Matsuo Basho (1644-94); the main content of X. was landscape lyrics. The name of Taniguchi Buson (1716-83) is associated with the expansion of the theme of X. In parallel, in the 18th century. Comic X is developing, which has become an independent satirical-humorous genre of senryu. At the end of the 18th - beginning of the 19th centuries. Kobayashi Issa introduces civic motives into X. At the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries. Masaoka Shiki applied to X. the method of “sketches from nature” (shasei) borrowed from painting, which contributed to the development of realism in the X genre. Publication: An anthology of haiku ancient and modern by Miyamory Asataro, Tokyo, 1953; Nihon koten bungaku taikei, vol. 45, 58, Tokyo, 1959; in Russian per. - Japanese verses. Hokku, M., 1973. Lit.: Grigoryeva T., Logunova V., Japanese literature, M., 1964; Haiku koza, Tokyo, 1932; Bluth, V.N., Haiku, v. 1-6, Tokyo, 1952; Haikai and haiku, Tokyo, 1958.
Great Soviet Encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1969-1978 .
Synonyms:See what "Hokku" is in other dictionaries:
Three lines, haiku Dictionary of Russian synonyms. haiku n., number of synonyms: 3 three-line (4) ... Synonym dictionary
- (haiku) a genre of Japanese poetry. An unrhymed three-line, genetically ascending to tanka; consists of 17 syllables (5+7+5). It is distinguished by the simplicity of poetic language, freedom of presentation ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
Haiku- (haiku) (initial verses), a genre of Japanese poetry (originated in the 15th century), an unrhymed three-line verse of 17 syllables (5 + 7 + 5) on comic, love, landscape, historical and other subjects. Genetically related to tanka. Differs in the simplicity of poetic language ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
This article is about Japanese poetry, for the operating system see Haiku. Monument to Matsuo Basho, one of the most famous haiku composers Haiku (俳句), Haiku (発句), a genre of traditional Japanese waka lyric poetry. Contents ... Wikipedia
HAIKU- (Japanese): the upper three-line tanka, which stood out as an independent type of poetry; consists of 17 syllables (alternating 5 - 7 - 5 syllables). Basically, haiku is a lyrical poem about nature, in which the season is necessarily indicated. The cycle... ... Eurasian wisdom from A to Z. Explanatory dictionary
HAIKU- HOKKU, haiku, a genre of Japanese poetry: 17 complex three-line (5 + 7 + 5), often with a caesura after the 2nd verse. Originated in the 15th century. as the beginning of a three-line comic rank; genetically also goes back to the first semi-stanza of the tank (haiku lit. - ... ... Literary Encyclopedic Dictionary
- (haiku), a genre of Japanese poetry. An unrhymed three-line, genetically ascending to tanka; consists of 17 syllables (5 + 7 + 5). Differs in simplicity of poetic language, freedom of presentation. * * * HOKKU HOKKU (haiku), a genre of Japanese poetry. Unrhymed… encyclopedic Dictionary
haiku- a genre of Japanese poetry, an unrhymed three-line lyrical miniature; as if separated, independent first part of the tank. Rubric: Types and genres of literature + The structure of a poetic work. Synonym: haiku Genus: Solid forms Others… … Terminological dictionary-thesaurus on literary criticism
See haiku. Literature and language. Modern illustrated encyclopedia. Moscow: Rosman. Under the editorship of prof. Gorkina A.P. 2006 ... Literary Encyclopedia
Haiku Desktop Haiku OS Created by Haiku Inc. OS family Open source Latest version N/A N/A Kernel type ... Wikipedia
Books
- Haiku. Japanese Three Lines, Basho Matsuo, Ransetsu, Kikaku. The Japanese haiku (haiku) lyric poem is characterized by extreme brevity and peculiar poetics. It depicts the life of nature and the life of man in their fused, indissoluble unity on ...
Mood now - dreamy
HOKKU (otherwise - haiku, haikai) - a three-line (three-line) lyric, as a rule, a poem, which is the national Japanese form of "Dentossi" ("poetic tradition"). Haiku usually depicts nature and man in their eternal continuity. In each haiku, a certain measure of verses is observed - in the first and third verses, five syllables each, in the second verse, seven, and in total there are 17 syllables in haiku. Of course, this applies to Haiku in Japanese, but in Russian it is also customary to adhere to a certain rhythmic pattern when writing haiku.
Taken from the site
On this site you can take part in hockey fights.
About tanka and haiku poems.
Oriental poetry has always attracted the attention of readers. Already at first glance, it seems to us a mysterious and mysterious world. In the works of Japanese poets, reality seems to us deeply symbolic. The entire spiritual and material world is a single complex symbol in which everything is interconnected. Therefore, only a hint, a cursory stroke, a tiny detail is enough to express a thought, a feeling, an experience.
The perfect form, which allows you to combine the capacity, conciseness and brightness of the image, was not someone's personal achievement. Not only writing poetry, but poetry in general, occupies an important place in the culture of the Japanese people. Perhaps only the Japanese have fairy tales and legends in which poetry is the main plot core.
The poems of the "Manyoshu" (the first poetic anthology) were highly valued by all sections of society and have always been considered a model of the highest poetic skill. Each emperor tried to gather famous poets around him, to create an anthology that would glorify his work.
The exchange of poetic impromptu has been known since antiquity. Young people used this opportunity to express their feelings to the chosen one or the chosen one. By the 15th century a custom has developed to compose verses together, three together, as if passing on each other a poetic baton (renga) of three lines and couplets.
The most popular verse form was tanka. This is an elegant non-rhyming five-line, consisting of 31 syllables: 5 + 7 + 5 + 7 + 7; most often landscape and love lyrics, poems about separation, the frailty of life, court hymns.
Haiku (otherwise - haiku) - a genre, an oriental poetic form. It is a three-line of two encircling five-syllable verses and one seven-syllable in the middle. Genetically, haiku goes back to the first half-stanza of tanka. It is distinguished by the simplicity of poetic language, the rejection of strict rules. In such a short and concise form, the role of associativity, understatement, hint increases. This is a kind of "serious game" with the reader, designed to encourage a person to co-create, think out, finish drawing thoughts, pictures, impressions that the author wanted to express.
Japanese poetry remains a mystery to the European to this day. Attracts style, tonality, form of expression of thought, I want to imitate all this.
An artificially created poem is, of course, not a work of art. But as a stylization, play, imitation may be of interest to readers.
Here are examples of classic haiku and tanka:
I try to hide my love
But she appears on my face...
And even strangers ask me
what's wrong with me?
Taira no Kanemori (died 990)
Ever since she had no regret
left me in the pale light
early morning moon,
kind of morning twilight for me
saddest of all.
Mibu no Tadamine, modern. Kanemori.
By the plaintive moan of weeping coastal gulls,
which moves away, then approaches,
I learn about the ebb and flow of the sea.
Ota Dokan.
What is our life like?
These are white waves from a sailing boat
in the early morning mist!
Manzei-hoshi
System haiku
Your file was so big.
It might be very useful.
But now it's gone.
The file was great.
It may have been very helpful.
But now he's gone.
* * *
The website you seek
can't be located,
but Countless more exist.
Website are you looking for?
He has not been found
but there are thousands of others.
* * *
Chaos reigns within.
Reflect, repent and reboot.
Order shall return.
Chaos reigns within.
Reflect, repent, reboot.
Order must be returned.
* * *
Aborted effort.
Close all that you have worked on.
You ask far too much.
The effort is in vain.
Close everything you've been working on.
You want too much.
* * *
Windows NT crashed.
I am the Blue Screen of Death.
No one hears your screams.
The windows have fallen.
I am the Blue Screen of Death.
No one will hear your cries.
* * *
Yesterday it worked.
Today it is not working.
Windows is like that.
Yesterday it worked.
Today it doesn't work anymore. -
That's how Windows is.
* * *
Stay the patient course.
Of little worth is your ire.
The network is down.
Be patient.
What is your anger worth?
The whole network is down!
* * *
A crash reduces
Your expensive computer
To a simple stone.
Breakdown has turned
Your computer is expensive
In an ordinary stone by the road.
* * *
Three things are certain:
Death, taxes and lost data.
Guess which has occurred.
Three things are predetermined:
Taxes, Death, data loss.
Guess what happened?
* * *
you step in the stream,
But the water has moved on.
This page is not here.
Entered the stream
But suddenly the water is gone.
The page is no longer here.
* * *
out of memory.
We wish to hold the whole sky
But we never will.
So little memory.
We want to cover all the skies
But it won't work.
* * *
having been erased,
The document you're seeking
Must now be retyped.
Are you looking for a document?
It's been erased a long time ago
You'll have to pick it up first.
* * *
I ate your Web page.
Forgive me; it was tasty
And tart on my tongue.
I "swallowed" your page,
I'm sorry it was delicious
And so sour on my tongue.
* * *
First snow, then silence.
This thousand-dollar screen dies
so beautifully.
Snow first, then silence
A thousand dollar monitor is dead
So beautiful.
Traditional Japanese lyric poetry
What is Haiku?
Haiku(Jap. 俳句) - a genre of traditional Japanese lyric poetry waka. In an independent genre, this poetry, which then bore the name haiku, stood out in the 16th century; the modern name was proposed in the 19th century. One of the most famous representatives is Matsuo Basho.
Classical haiku are built on the correlation of man and the natural world; at the same time, nature must be determined relative to the time of year - for this, as a mandatory element of the text, (jap. 季語, or "seasonal word"). Most often, the narration is conducted in the present tense: the author presents his experiences. There are no rhymes in haiku in the European sense, since other principles of verse construction are used here.
In Russian, it usually represents a three-line.
Structure and genre features of haiku
The original Japanese haiku consists of 17 syllables (however, Basho already has deviations from the norm of syllabic composition), written in one column. With special dividing words - kireji (jap. 切れ字 kireji "cutting word") - the haiku text is divided in a 12:5 ratio - either on the 5th syllable or on the 12th. When translating haiku into Western languages, traditionally - from the very beginning of the 20th century - the places where kireji may appear correspond to a line break, so that the haiku is a three-line syllabic structure 5-7-5. In the 1970s the American haiku translator Hiroaki Sato suggested that, as a more adequate solution, haiku translations should be recorded as monostichs; following him, the Canadian poet and theorist Clarence Matsuo-Allard stated that the original haiku created in Western languages should also be one-line. There are - among the translated and original haiku - and two-line texts, gravitating towards the syllabic proportion of 2:1. With regard to the syllabic structure of haiku, by now, both among haiku translators and among authors of original haiku in different languages, adherents of adherence to 17-complexity (and/or 5-7-5 schemes) have remained in the minority; According to the general opinion of most theorists, a single syllabic measure for haiku in different languages is impossible, because languages differ significantly from each other in the average length of words and, consequently, in the information capacity of the same number of syllables.
Often in collections of haiku, each poem is printed on a separate page. This is done so that the reader can thoughtfully, slowly skip what is written through his perception, and feel the atmosphere of the poem.
Haiku skill is considered to describe the moment in three lines. The first line answers the question “Where?”, the second one answers the question “What?”, the third one answers the question “When?”. But it is not uncommon for haiku without an answer to these age-old questions, especially when they describe feelings, states. In a small poem, every word, every image counts, they acquire special weight, significance. Therefore, haiku is characterized by symbolism - the familiar language of feelings. Saying a lot with a small number of sign words is the main principle of haiku.
haiku philosophy
The well-known translator of Japanese poetry Sokolova-Delyusina said: "The whole essence of Japanese culture is collected in the Japanese three-line." Haiku has a lot of influences from Zen Buddhism. Actually, haiku is one of the Zen arts, closely related to haiga graphics, ikebana and the tea ceremony. Haiku in classical times has always existed as part of a world in which poetry flows into a single and complex stream of meditation. Hence the significance of surprise, insight, the ability to see the unusual in the ordinary, the eternal in the momentary in haiku poetry. The search for insight led to the creation of poetic travel traditions. The constant change of impressions, natural and inevitable on the road, is ideal for seeing, feeling and expressing something new in poetry.
Yasunari Kawabata:
“The words in haiku are the same, but life is non-stop, and, therefore, the same words cannot be the same words. The same word cannot sound twice, just as the same river cannot wash your feet twice, just as the same spring cannot repeat itself twice. Otherwise, these verses would not satisfy such a demanding taste of readers of so many generations, they would not excite the hearts of our contemporaries.
Tatyana Grigorieva:
“The world expresses itself through a person called to convey his silent voice. Man is the Middle between Heaven and Earth, the Taoists say, "the soul of things."
“People who live in this world are entangled in a dense thicket of worldly affairs; and everything that lies on their hearts - they express all this in connection with what they hear and what they see ”
"This is the truth that can be seen and heard."
Juan Jimenez:
“What is it that attracts us so much to this immortal art of composing poems from several lines, which has come down to us from the depths of centuries, this magic of laconicism: the simplicity of the word, the concentration of thought, the depth of the imagination, or your soul?”
History of haiku in Japan
The word "haiku" (Jap. 発句, "initial stanza") originally meant the initial stanza of another Japanese poetic form - (Jap. 連歌 rank, "stringing stanzas") - or the first stanza. From the beginning of the period (XVII century), haiku began to be considered as independent works. The term "haiku" was coined by the poet and critic Masaoka Shiki in the late 19th century to distinguish between these forms.
Haiku democratized Japanese poetry, freeing poetic creativity from the set of rules and influence of the heroic and court epic. Haiku, in fact, is the first part of a tanka, but it was obviously easier to write three lines than tanka five lines. In addition, since haiku were a new phenomenon, there were no canonical schools yet, and haiku poets were much freer in their creative search than poets who wrote five lines. Haiku was attracted to poetry by educated townspeople, as if they “lowered” creativity down the social ladder, making it accessible to those who were not part of the nobility. It was a real democratic revolution in art.
Haiku genetically goes back to the first half-stanza of tanka ( haiku literally - initial verses), from which it differs in the simplicity of the poetic language, the rejection of the previous canonical rules. Haiku has gone through several stages in its development. The poets Arakida Moritake (1465-1549) and Yamazaki Sokan (1465-1553) imagined haiku as a miniature of a purely comic genre (such miniatures later received the name. The merit of turning haiku into a leading lyrical genre belongs to Matsuo Basho (1644-1694); landscape lyrics.
The name of Yosa Buson (1716-1783) is associated with the expansion of the theme of haiku. In parallel, in the 18th century, comic miniatures developed, which emerged as an independent satirical-humorous genre senryu (jap. 川柳 senryu:? , the name of the popularizer of the genre). In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, Kobayashi Issa introduced civic motifs into haiku and democratized the themes of the genre.
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Masaoka Shiki applied the shasei (写生) method borrowed from painting to haiku. xiasei? , "sketches from life"), which contributed to the development of realism in the haiku genre.
Haiku continues to be a popular genre of poetry today. During New Year's celebrations, haiku are composed to attract good luck, dedicated to the first snow in the new year or the first dream. Today, in the wake of rising interest in Japanese entertainment culture, there are more and more funny and humorous haiku. For example, the heroine of the children's anime series "Deko boko furenzu" (Japanese でこぼこフレンズ) Fuji Obaba (Japanese ふじおばば) loves and writes haiku. NHK's haiku educational television programs are highly popular.
The first female haiku writer from Russia
The Japanese city of Kumamoto hosts Kusamakura, an international competition for haiku writers from around the world. Platova Tatyana Yuryevna is the first Russian female haiku writer who won the second prize in this competition in December 2005.
History of haiku in the West
Since the 1960s The haiku genre has gained wide popularity in the West. But it must be taken into account that each national literature creates its own version of haiku, because it obeys both the rhythm of its language and the established poetic traditions. For example, in Russian poetry, placing a poem in one line has never been accepted at all. Even in the era of experimentation of the early twentieth century, there were practically no such attempts. Therefore, a haiku placed in one line does not evoke in the reader the feeling of a poetic word. The brevity of the poem, the lack of rhyme and the desire for maximum expressiveness of images and feelings remain common. Meanwhile, there are neither poetic tournaments that Japan is used to, nor the desire for calligraphy, nor the obligatory complicity of the reader-interlocutor, nor those feelings and sensations that are characteristic of the Japanese who grew up in the traditions of their culture. As a rule, there is not even knowledge of all the features of the haiku tradition in their Japanese version, because the love for the study of traditions is not at all characteristic of the art of the twentieth century in its European version, which is entirely built on constant search and experiment. This is a completely different poetry than in Japan. External similarity does not mean internal identity.
In fact, haiku in Europe most often serves as temporary or permanent entertainment for amateur poets and only occasionally becomes a form of work for professional poets. For amateur poetry, the brevity of the haiku form, the absence of rhyme and strict requirements for style are very convenient, because they allow almost anyone to write poetry. If a haiku expresses a moment or something permanent, it is possible to make any critical demands only in case of outright negligence. If the amateur poet has withstood a minimum of poetic form, it is almost impossible to prove that this poem has flaws. In this sense, the advent of haiku democratized European poetry in the same way that the advent of digital technology democratized photography. But the reverse side of democratization, as always, is the blurring or almost complete disappearance of objective quality criteria. Due to the episodic occurrence in professional work, haiku is in European culture outside the scope of professional criticism, therefore, as a rule, there is no one to assess the characteristics and scale of the talent of haiku masters from national European cultures. Haiku in Europe can be attributed more to the number of the most famous facts of Japanese influence on European culture than to an independent field of the art of the poetic word (along with, for example, architectural elements, Japanese cuisine or martial arts).
- Matsuo Basho (1644-1694)
- Yosa Busong (1716-1783)
- Kobayashi Issa (1763-1827)
- Masaoka Shiki (1867-1902)
- Takahama Kyoshi (1874-1959)
- Saito Mokichi (1882-1953)
- Taneda Santoka (1882-1940)
- Nakamura Kusatao (1901-1983)
- Kaga no Chiyo (1701-1775)
Your doubts bring death. My business - they give life! ***** Forces were not enough - understand a woman, but lived - I'm wrong. ***** In the music of the arrow -honor of the owner to you -will be a reward. -In the music of the arrow -great samurai only - compose a tank. - In the music of the arrow -the owner is only important -life, you're not here. -In the music of the arrow -running crazy berserk -tearing flesh. -In the music of the arrow -everyone will hear his own: -victory or death? -In the music of the arrow -only scream and cry, the dead - innocent souls. ***** Find peace ... -Pass through the doors of life -in the realm of white roses ...*****
Yes, you understood correctly - tonight we have an evening of poetry and not simple, but sophisticated Japanese haiku poetry. Haiku is a genre of poetic minature, common in the Land of the Rising Sun. Here the verses have a fixed syllabic composition - 5-7-5 (look at least at the ones presented above, here the middle line is always the largest). It is allowed (but not desirable) for the third line to have fewer syllables. Thus, each little rhyme consists of only seventeen syllables. Unlike Japanese, the Russian language is rich not only in a variety of words, synonyms and phrases, but the words of our language are very polysyllabic (and in Japanese, as we know, in general, hieroglyphs denoting a whole word). That is why this genre was almost never used in Russian poetry, although sometimes it happened .... ...... a picture-poem, a slogan-poem, an anecdote-poem - all this is nothing but the first attempts to write haiku in Russian. Only Russian haiku and Japanese haiku are creatures from different worlds. As Igor Burdonov, a mathematician and poet who is fond of the East, said: “Japanese haiku differs from Russian just like sake differs from vodka: firstly, it’s not lighter, but stronger, secondly, it warms not with heat, but with ice fire, and in- thirdly, it doesn’t stop at three ... ”But nevertheless, as the author indicated in the title of his article, Russian poetry strives for ... sorry .... "hockeyization" :)(If anyone is interested, the article is titled “On the Question of the Hockeyization of Russian Poetry”, Igor Burdonov - you can read it if you want).
But we will not argue about whether it is worth writing haiku in Russian or whether it is better to leave it to the Japanese. Here everyone decides for himself. Let's take a closer look at what haku is and what its features are. So, we found out that haiku in Russian consists of three lines (this applies only to Western languages, in haiku in Japanese they are written in one line, but there are some peculiarities). But these are not just lines - each of them is special, individual. So, the first one answers the question “Where?”, the second one answers the question “What?”, the third one answers the question “When?”. However, quite often there are Japanese poems without an answer to these three eternal questions. Often these are poems about feelings, about a particular state. The haiku genre is special, really deep poetry, but they only slightly open the veil of secrecy over what the author wanted to say. In other words, haiku requires the reader to actively think in order to comprehend the essence of the things conveyed in the poem.
Hokku is an extraordinary and almost imperceptible feeling and many shades and states transferred into a short and light phrase, into a three-line picture that describes it. Haiku is the poetry of poetry, it is a thin ray of light snatched from the darkness of trees, it is the crest of a sea wave, it is the eye of an animal, it is perfection, a divine ideal ...
But even perfection must develop... In the 17th century, Matsuo Basho developed the basic laws that a haiku poet (another name for this genre of Japanese poetry) must follow. This is graceful simplicity, associative creation of harmony of beauty, depth of penetration. There were other poets who gave development to the genre. Tinaguchi Busona gave poetry an ideal form during his work, Kabayashi Issa democratized the themes that can be used for Japanese poetry, and Masaoka Shiki gave a new impetus to the development of poetry when he invented the principle of “sketches from nature”. But in the modern world, this exquisite Japanese art also continues to evolve…. So funny and funny, so fun and modern - it is fashionable among Japanese youth to compose haiku on a mobile phone (where special applications have been created for this). Hundreds of amateur poets enter the Tokyo subway, make themselves comfortable and almost immediately take out their mobile phones ... An amazing combination of the ideal and modernity, poetry and technological progress ....
Haiku, written in Japanese, is not three, but one column of characters, however, on the fifth or twelfth syllable, this is divided using kireji (a special delimiting word). Thus, the division of the poem occurs in the proportion of 12 to 5.
This is how a haiku written by the poet Basho would look like in the original:
かれ朶に烏の とまりけり 秋の暮
If we say this, it will sound something like this: Karaeeda nikarasu no tomarikeri aki no kure
And what a beautiful meaning this wonderful haiku has: On a bare branch - Raven sits alone. - Autumn evening.
But why, when translating, do we replace one form of a poem (in one line) with a completely different one (in three lines)? The fact is that in Western languages there are no such words that could replace kireji, therefore, in order to somehow convey such a distinction, such a method was invented. In addition, Japanese poems written in other languages seem to adapt to their characteristics. So, haiku in Russian (which is characterized by too polysyllabic words) has more than 17 syllables (how can one not remember Igor Burdonov with his joke about vodka and sake), and those poems that are written in Western languages, usually, on the contrary, have fewer syllables.
However, in the original, Japanese haiku, great importance is attached to the image associated with nature. This image is usually compared with human life. The poem speaks only of the present tense. These are personal experiences or feelings of the author from the event that just happened. In addition, haiku never uses rhyme or name. The skill of creating this type of Japanese poem is the ability to convey your feelings in three lines. As they say, brevity is the soul of talent. But for it to be truly talented, you need to pay close attention to every word. There cannot be random phrases, words and expressions here - everything must carry a special meaning and have a deep meaning. Remember: haiku- this is a ray of light snatched from the darkness of foliage, the eyes of an animal, the crest of a wave ... .. This is not the creation of two hours, it takes time, skill, a deep understanding of the essence of things ...………………
……………..every poet spends hours and even days inventing a successful combination of words, inventing an image and expressing feelings. And then he captures the results of his labors in special books - collections of poems. Haiku collections are not the collected works of famous poets we are used to, they are an opportunity to stop and think. Look: each small three-verse is written on a separate sheet. A white sheet of paper and three lines that have the deepest meaning……. Just stop and be imbued with these lines .... Just think about the meaning………………………………………………………….
Hello to all Associates.
This work is intended to clarify what in our competition "Seven Samurai" we will understand by haiku / haiku. This is a "synthetic" guide, which is compiled by me, the Evil Mouse, based on the analysis of several views on the essence of this form of Japanese poetry.
For the convenience of the reader, I separate haiku/haiku canons and advice.
HOKKU is a solid form. Despite the fact that many venerable authors believe that haiku can be 10, 21 or 23 syllables, we will adhere to a strict rule on our site and try to keep the size: the number of syllables line by line is 5-7-5.
HOKKU RHYTHM.
The rhythm must be smooth.
Let's say
1 line - stressed - 2 and 4 syllables or 1 and 4,
2nd line - 2, 4, 6 or 1, 4, 6, or 2, 4, 7
That is, there should be no obvious gaps in rhythm, which happens if syllables 1 and 5 are stressed. Or, if stressed syllables 3 and 4 are also a failure in rhythm, a violation of the smoothness of sound.
It is also not a rhythmic mistake to use such a rhythm in the second line:
1-4-7
Early Dawn 1-4
pink guest at the window 1-4-7
mallow stretches 1-4
(by haiku Kat Schmidt)
THE MEANING OF HOKKU. Three lines include: a thesis, a bunch and an antithesis.
This means that the first line declares an image, which, through the second line, is associated with the second image, which has some similar features similar to the first image.
For example:
Horned month (teza)
forgotten by someone in the field (bundle)
shiny serpen (analogy or antithesis)
In this case, the image of the horned month has its analogy in the brilliant sickle. Both are in a wide expanse of sky-field.
Before us there is a kind of "mirror" image of two opposite, but very similar objects.
Thus, it becomes clear that haiku is a laconic picture that contains two comparable images. Images can be either interconnected or opposite in appearance and meaning.
They create a certain task for the mind, or vice versa: they contain a revelation, or simply create a mood and bring aesthetic satisfaction.
IN HOKKU ALLOWED:
All kinds of visual, real images (both nouns and adjectives and verbs). Objects, animals, plants, geographical features of the area, types of colors ...
- all kinds of sounds: for example, murmuring, creaking, singing, chirping and so on.
- all kinds of smells and tastes: for example, bitter, sweet, sour, spicy, etc.
- all kinds of bodily sensations: rough, smooth, slippery, warm, cold, etc.
Direct (visible) expressions of feelings are allowed: crying, laughter. In the form of verbs: crying, laughing. That which is accompanied by external accompanying expressions (tears, for example, or sounds - chuckles or sighs).
Personal pronouns are allowed in Hokku: I, you, he, we, they, but their use is undesirable, since haiku cannot be anthropomorphic and personified.
IN HOKKU IT IS PROHIBITED:
- indication of time: tomorrow, yesterday, today. In haiku, all events take place directly, at this moment.
- definitions, such as: soul, melancholy, despondency, fun, dream, eternity, etc.
- words like: here, as it were, to ... expressing comparisons or uncertainties.
In HOKKU, the use of two or more verbs is UNDESIRABLE. It is desirable to do without them at all, however, the use of one present tense verb is quite acceptable and even justified, depending on the meaning.
A few words about punctuation marks.
It is advisable to avoid them, that is, when composing haiku, try not to need them.
Of course, semantic pauses in some cases have to be distinguished by commas, hyphens, colons, but the exclamation mark and the question mark are taboo.
The period at the end is not needed, as is the ellipsis.
********************* Some useful tips*************************
Hokku is simplicity. If you do not have before your eyes a picture that reflects the inner world of a haiku hero, then haiku will fail. The outer world is a reflection of the inner world, at the same time the opposition of two worlds and their unity.
Through simple words, the absence of metaphors, through the life of things, we show the life of a person. Man is always at the center of the world, but he manifests himself through this world.
That's why:
1) avoid metaphors and comparisons.
2) we avoid the "beautifulness" and decorations of the verse. Few words, many thoughts. A broken cup will tell you more about the grief in the house than the words "How it hurts me."
3) write in the present tense. Buddhists only know "now", do not forget that haiku/haiku was not born in the Christian or Muslim world, it is a worldview system in which great importance is attached to the present.
4) we write about ordinary, daily events in nature and in human life - but we don’t explain them, we choose events that brought you a moment of understanding or awareness of the true essence of things around
5) feelings are not named in the poem, they arise when reading the verse.
6) we suggest taking two images and putting them side by side in a verse to create harmony or contrast, using specific, ordinary, natural words.
7) two-part haiku/haiku is one of its excellent properties. One image in a haiku can be represented in the first of three lines; the second image can be described in two lines (the first two, or the last two. Diversity interferes with the haiku.
8) There are no rhymes in haiku/haiku.
9) do not artificially break the haiku into lines, the division should look natural.
10) avoid verbs, they are too straightforward and characteristic of the European way of thinking
11) use seasonal words, do not say "summer", "autumn", because the language is so rich.
I wish you all good luck.
