Complex sentences with two or more subordinate clauses. Complex sentences with several subordinate clauses

Complex sentences may have not one but several subordinate clauses.

Complex sentences with two or more subordinate clauses are of two main types:

1) all subordinate clauses are attached directly to the main clause;

2) the first subordinate clause is attached to the main clause, the second - to the first subordinate clause, etc.

I. The clauses that are attached directly to the main clause can be homogeneous and heterogeneous.

1. Complex sentences with homogeneous subordination of clauses.

With this subordination, all subordinate clauses refer to one word in the main clause or to the entire main clause, answer the same question and belong to the same type of subordinate clauses. Homogeneous subordinate clauses can be connected with each other by compositional unions or non-union (only with the help of intonation). The connections of homogeneous clauses with the main clause and among themselves resemble the connections of homogeneous members of a sentence.

For example:

[I came to you with greetings, to tell], (that the sun has risen), (that it fluttered with hot light through the sheets). (A. Fet.)

[That, (who lives real life), (who are accustomed to poetry since childhood),always believes in the life-giving, full of reason Russian language]. (N. Zabolotsky.)

[At the end of May, the young bear was drawn to her native places.], (where she was born) and ( where were the months of childhood so memorable).

In a complex clause with homogeneous subordination, there may be no subordinate union in the second clause.

For example: ( If there is water) and ( there will not be a single fish in it), [i won't believe water]. (M. Prishvin.) [ Shudder], (if a bird suddenly flies up) or ( the elk will sound in the distance). (Yuri Drunina.)

2. Complex sentences with heterogeneous subordination of clauses (or with parallel subordination). With such subordination, the subordinate clauses include:

a) to different words of the main sentence or one part to the whole main, and the other to one of its words;

b) to one word or to the whole main clause, but they answer different questions and are different types of subordinate clauses.

For example: ( When I have a new book in my hands), [I feel], (that something living, talking, wonderful has entered my life). (M. Gorky.)

(If we turn to the finest prose), [then we will make sure], (that they are full of genuine poetry). (K. Paustovsky.)

[From the world (which is called a nursery), the door leads into space], (where they dine and drink tea) (Chekhov).

II. Complicated sentences with sequential subordination of clauses.

This type of complex sentences with two or more subordinate clauses includes those in which the subordinate clauses form a chain: the first subordinate clause refers to the main clause (subordinate clause of the 1st degree), the second subordinate clause refers to the subordinate clause of the 1st degree (subordinate clause of the 2nd degree) etc.

For example: [ Young Cossacks rode vaguely and held back tears], (because they were afraid of their father), (who was also somewhat embarrassed), (although I tried not to show it). (N. Gogol)

The specificity of the subordinate parts is that each of them is a subordinate clause in relation to the previous one and the main one in relation to the next.

For example: Often in the fall, I closely watched the falling leaves in order to catch that imperceptible fraction of a second when the leaf separates from the branch and begins to fall to the ground.(Paustovsky).

With consistent subordination, one subordinate clause can be inside another; in this case, there may be two subordinate unions next to each other: what and if, what and when, what and how, etc.

For example: [ The water came crashing down so terribly], (what, (when the soldiers were running below), raging streams were already flying after them) (M. Bulgakov).

There are also complex sentences with a combined type of subordination of subordinate clauses.

For example: ( When the chaise left the yard), [he (Chichikov) looked back and saw], (that Sobakevich was still standing on the porch and seemed to be looking closely, wanting to know), (where will the guest go). (Gogol)

This is a complex sentence with parallel and sequential subordination of subordinate clauses.

Punctuation marks in a compound sentence with several subordinate clauses

The comma is put between homogeneous subordinate clauses not connected by constructive unions.

For example: I realized that I was lying in bed , that i'm sick , that I was just delirious.(Kupr.)

I envy those who spent their lives in battle , who defended a great idea.(EU.)

We remember the great hour when the guns fell silent for the first time , when all the people met victory both in cities and in every village.(Isak.)

Comma not put between homogeneous subordinate clauses connected by a single connecting union (regardless of whether there is a subordinate union or a union word with both subordinate clauses or only with the first).

For example: I believe that nothing passes without a trace and that every little step we take has a meaning for this and future life.(Ch.)

The militiamen brought Prince Andrey to the forest, where the trucks were stationed and where there was a dressing station.(L. T.)

When it started to rain and everything around us sparkled, we followed the path ... out of the forest.(M.P.)

When repeating compositional conjunctions, a comma is placed between the subordinate clauses.

For example: Everyone learned that the lady had arrived, and that Kapitonich had let her in , and that she is now in the nursery ...(L. T.).

Alliances whether ... or when combining the predicative parts of a complex sentence, they are considered as repetitive, and homogeneous subordinate clauses are separated by a comma, which is placed before or.

For example: Whether there was a wedding in the city, or someone who was having a good name day, Pyotr Mikhailovich always talked about it with pleasure.(Writing).

In case of heterogeneous subordination, subordinate clauses are separated or separated by commas.

For example: As soon as the heat broke, the forest began to get colder and darker so quickly that I did not want to stay in it.(T.)

Whoever has not experienced the excitement of the barely audible breath of a sleeping young woman will not understand what tenderness is. (Paust.).

With sequential and mixed subordination, a comma is placed between the subordinate clauses according to the same rules as between the main and subordinate clauses.

For example: To be our wanderers under their own roof , if they could know , what happened to Grisha.(Nekr.)

Helen smiled like that , who spoke , that she did not admit the possibility , so that someone can see her and not be delighted.(L. T.)

Any , who in life fought for the happiness of being yourself , knows , that the strength and success of this struggle depend on confidence , with which the seeker goes to the goal(M.P.)

The comma is put between two adjacent subordinate unions or between a union word and a subordinate union, as well as when a compositional and subordinate union meets, if the internal subordinate part is not followed by the second part of the double union this or that.

For example: The bear fell in love with Nikita so much that , when he went somewhere, the beast sniffed the air anxiously.(M.G.)

We were warned that , if the weather will be bad, the excursion will not take place.

The night is over and , when the sun rose, all nature came to life.

Removal of the second (inner) part here does not require the restructuring of the first subordinate part.

If the subordinate clause is followed by the second part of a complex union then so, then a comma between the previous two unions is not put.

For example: The blind man knew that the sun was looking into the room and that if he reached out through the window, dew would fall from the bushes.(Cor.)

I thought that if at this decisive moment I did not argue with the old man, then later it would be difficult for me to free myself from his care.(NS.).

Removal or rearrangement of the subordinate part (if he reaches out through the window and if at this decisive moment I do not argue with the old man) is impossible, since there will be parts of a double alliance nearby.

Dash in a complex sentence

Between the subordinate clause (group of clauses) and the subsequent main part of the sentence maybedash , if a subordinate clause or a group of subordinate clauses preceding the main clause are pronounced with a logical highlighting of an informatively important word and with a deep pause before the main part (usually this is how subordinate explanatory parts are distinguished, less often conditional, concessive, etc.).

For example: Where did Nelidova go- Natasha did not know(Paust.); And if you look at them for a long time- rocks began to move, crumble(Ast.); Did he call them, did they come of their own accord- Nezhdanov never found out ...(T.).

Dash is put also between the subordinate clause and the main part in the same type of parallel complex sentences.

For example: He who is cheerful - he laughs, who wants - he will achieve, who seeks - he will always find!(OK.).

Dash is put after the subordinate clause before the main one, if there are words in it, this, here, and also if the subordinate clause is an incomplete sentence.

For example: That she is an honest person is clear to me.(T.)

What he found in her is his business.

Where is he now, what is he doing - these are the questions that I could not answer.

I answered something that - I myself do not know(compare the full - what did i answer).

Dash is put between subordinate subordinate clauses in the absence of an adversarial union between them or the second part of a comparative union.

For example: Artistic is so that every word is not only at the place - for it to be necessary, it is inevitable and so that as few words as possible(Black).

A dash is placed when the subordinate clause is more precise.

For example: Only once did she liven up - when Mika told her that at yesterday's wedding they sang ditties.(R. Zernova)

Dash is put to strengthen the interrogative nature of the sentence while emphasizing the unusual location of the subordinate part in front of the main or intonational separation of the main part from the subsequent subordinate clause.

For example: What is influence- you know?; Are you sure - is it necessary?

A dash is also used with an abundance of commas, against which the dash acts as a more expressive sign.

For example: But we have gained experience , but for experience , as they say , no matter how much you pay, you will not overpay.

Comma and dash in a complex sentence

Comma and dash as a single punctuation mark, they are placed in a complex sentence before the main part, which is preceded by a number of homogeneous subordinate clauses, if the splitting of a complex sentence into two parts with a long pause before the main part is emphasized.

For example: Wherever I am, whatever I try to have fun , - all my thoughts were occupied with the image of Olesya.(Kupr.)

Who is to blame, who is right , - it's not for us to judge.(Cr.)

The same sign is also placed in front of a word repeated in the same part of a sentence in order to associate a new sentence or the next part of the same sentence with it.

For example: I knew very well that this was my husband, not some new person unknown to me, but a good person , - my husband, whom I knew as myself.(L. T.)

And the thought that he can be guided by this interest, that he will seek reconciliation with his wife to sell this forest , - the thought offended him.(L. T.)

Dash is put after the comma that closes the subordinate clause, including before the word it.

For example: The best thing that he could do , - leave on time; The only thing that I like here , Is an old shady park.

Parsing a Complex Clause with Multiple Clauses

Scheme for parsing a complex sentence with several clauses

1. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (declarative, interrogative, incentive).

2. Indicate the type of sentence for emotional coloring (exclamation or non-exclamation).

3. Determine the main and subordinate clauses, find their boundaries.

4. Make a sentence diagram: ask (if possible) questions from the main to the subordinate clauses, indicate in the main word on which the subordinate clause depends (if it is a proverbial), characterize the means of communication (unions or union words), determine the types of subordinate clauses (determinants, explanatory and etc.).

5. Determine the type of subordination of clauses (homogeneous, parallel, sequential).

An example of parsing a complex sentence with several clauses

1) [Look at the pale green star-studded sky(where there is no cloud or spot),and you will understand], (why the summer warm air is still), (why nature alert) (A. Chekhov).

[... noun, ( on which…), and verb.], ( why…), (why…).

(Narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, complex subordinate with three subordinate clauses, with parallel and homogeneous subordination: 1st subordinate - subordinate attributive (the subordinate depends on the noun sky, answers the question which on which); 2nd and 3rd subordinate clauses - explanatory subordinate clauses (depending on the verb you will understand answer the question what?, are joined by the union word why)).

2) [Any human knows], (what he needs to do wrong, (what separates him from people), otherwise), (what connects him to them) (L. Tolstoy).

[… Ver.], ( what…., (what…), otherwise), (what…).

(Narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, complex subordinate with three subordinate clauses, with sequential and parallel subordination: 1st subordinate - explanatory subordinate (depends on the verb knows, answers the question what?, joins the union what), 2nd and 3rd clauses - clauses, pronoun-definitives (each of them depends on the pronoun then, answers the question which (then)?, joined by a union word what).

Russian language lesson in grade 9 on the topic: "SPP with several clauses."

Target: (students formulate themselves)

to acquaint with the SPP with several subordinate clauses, to teach to see its parts.

Tasks:

General education: show the features of the SPP with several subordinate clauses, consolidate the knowledge about the setting of punctuation marks with homogeneous members of the sentence and homogeneous clauses,

Developing: to form the ability to distinguish between the types of clauses, to work individually;

Educational: educate a respectful attitude to the language, the desire to improve their speech.

The place of this lesson in the lesson system: continuation of the study of complex sentences.

Form of carrying out: mixed lesson.

Lesson type: learning new material.

Equipment:

Presentation

Training apparatus

Handout.

During the classes:

Organizational moment. Hello, sit down. We have guests. And today we will work fruitfully in the lesson, we will learn a lot of new things. I wish you a positive mood and success. Video clip. 1.5 minutes

2. Warm up 2 min.

The Russian language lesson is unusual today. Let's turn to the epigraph on the board. (The teacher reads the epigraph)Grammar is a springboard from which one should push off in order to get into the sphere of thought. N.I. Zhinkin.

This is a statement by the scientist - linguist N.I. Zhinkin.

Guys, to understand the meaning of the epigraph, we must remember what grammar is?

(The formal structure of the language (word formation, morphology and syntax), which forms its integral system with phonetics and vocabulary)

What is the meaning of this epigraph?

(1. Using the elements of grammar, we will think. 2. Such elements as morphology, syntax, vocabulary, word formation will help to get into the sphere of thought and learn something new. 3. With the help of language we express thoughts, the language itself and the elements, of which it consists, help us in this).

Suggest how this epigraph can be related to the topic of today's lesson, in the system with the topics that we worked on before.

(1. We are studying complex sentences, perhaps we will use such an element of grammar as syntax. 2. This is a complex sentence, maybe we will continue to study them.)

We will check how correct your hypotheses are at the end of the lesson. But you are close.

3. Control and preparatory stage. 4 minutes

Filling in a blind diagram.

Repetition of types of subordinate clauses

Now let's get back to the epigraph of the lesson.

Try to outline this sentence.

How many subordinate clauses are there?

That's right, there are two clauses in this sentence.

Tell me, maybe this is a sentence with several clauses? (Yes.)

What good fellows you are. This little discovery will be our topic of our lesson. Let's fix our discovery. Let's write down the date, classwork, and lesson topic.Today we will get acquainted with the types of homogeneous and heterogeneous subordination and consistent subordination.

Division into groupson topics of subordination: 1.5 min.

Homogeneous

Heterogeneous

Consistent

4. Setting an educational goal. Creation of a call situation. 1 minute.

Today we will continue to work with complex sentences, we will study their new types (with several subordinate clauses)

But before we begin to study such sentences, I would like you to define your own, important for you personally, the goals of the lesson. What actions could you take to better understand and reinforce this topic?

Okay, at the end of the tutorial we will go back to your goals and see if you managed to achieve them.

5. Co-creation.

Group work.

First, let's define the criteria for evaluating our posters with you. Are written on the board.

Research work in groups. 10 min

1 group independently learns sequential submission

Group 2 - homogeneous subordination

Group 3 - heterogeneous subordination

Learn the rule

Make a cluster

Give examples

Make diagrams

Sheets with new material for assimilation are distributed. Display this material on a poster. Protection in the classroom.

Uniform subordination

Submission, in which the subordinate clauses refer to the same word in the main clause and answer the same question.

I came to you with greetings, to tell you what Sun is up, what it fluttered with hot light through the sheets. (A. Fet)

, (I'm sorry, what …).

In the SPP with homogeneous subordination, subordinate clauses of the same type, refer either to one member of the sentence, or to the entire main one.

In the second subordinate clause, there may be no subordinate union:

( If there is water) and (there will be no fish in it), [I will not believe the water]. (M. Prishvin)

If homogeneous subordinate clauses are connected by non-repeating unions and, or, comma in front of them not put , as with homogeneous terms of the sentence: 1) I answered that nature is good and that the sunsets are especially good in our places. (V. Soloukhin.) 2) We will shudder if a bird suddenly flies up or the elk will trumpet in the distance. (Yuri Drunina.)

Parallel (heterogeneous) subordination

Submission, in which the subordinate clauses refer to different words of the same main sentence.Subordinate clauses answer different questions, that is, they are different types of subordinate clauses.Inhomogeneous (parallel) clauses will also be subordinate clauses that have the same meaning, but refer to different words in the general main clause.

1 When I have a new book in my hands, I feel what something living, speaking, wonderful has entered my life. (M. Gorky.)

(When ...), [... noun], (what ...).

Consistent submission

Subordination, in which the first subordinate clause is subordinate to the main one, and the rest - sequentially to each other.

For a long time he walked there , where the light was shining, to tell about everything.

, (where… verb.), (to…).

NGN with successive reporting is a chain. The clauses that explain the main clause are called clauses. I degree; clauses, explaining clauses I degrees are called subordinate clauses II degrees, etc.

With sequential subordination, one subordinate clause can be inside another, for example:He said, what , if the weather will not improve, fishing is nothing to think about.

, (what if …) …).

A comma is not placed between adjacent unions, if there is a second part of the union further -then orso.

, (what, (when),).

,( what ( when ), then ).

Make a conclusion.

Fragment of the video lesson 3 min

Drawing up an algorithm for determining the type of subordination 2 min.

I see that you have mastered this topic well and I want to give you an independent work. - 3 min

1. Returning home, she remembered how they met, how friends helped them to make friends.

, (how how…).

2. When nature wakes up from a winter sleep, I again feel the strength in myself that gives me a feeling of joy and happiness.(When ...),, (which ...).

3. Nature requires a keen eye and continuous inner work so that you can see the beauty that surrounds you., (how how…).

MOSAIC 5 min

Just in case
He has already mastered it sufficiently

The person will stop paying attention to their language and will begin to think
He will retreat

If a person stops paying attention to his language and begins to think that he has mastered it sufficiently, he will retreat.

If Which

Pay attention to your tongue
You want to be a truly intelligent person
Strives to raise the level of his culture and education

Pay attention to your language if you want to be a truly intelligent person who strives to raise the level of your culture and education.

For what

The performance was interesting
Everything should be interesting for you
You speak

To make the performance interesting, everything you say must be interesting to you.

Working with the textbook 5 min.

Write out two complex sentences and determine the type of subordination.

Group 1 - exercise 226

Group 2 - exercise 228

Group 3 - exercise 230

Work on the text.

In order to understand everythingh, how do we express our thoughts, are we fluent in speech, depends,

Read the text

Determine the type of text. . (Reasoning)

Determine your speaking style.(Publicistic)

Determine the main point.

[, (ssl. how), (whether),], (how much). Homogeneous and consistent slave

pass. explanatory pass. will explain.

Graphic dictation

I saw how the stars began to fog up and lose their radiance, how coolness swept through the earth with a light sigh.

For a long time it was audible how he walked to where the light was shining.

As our boat headed for the shore, we saw women and children rushing from the village.

Examination.

6. Reflective stage of the lesson. 5 minutes

What did you do?

Training apparatus

Now let's get back to your goals. Who achieved their goal? Who hasn't reached yet?

And, finally, have your hypotheses about the epigraph and the topic of our lesson been confirmed?

You all worked well, and I would like to give such marks ... 3 min

Student assessment sheet for work done

Options

Student name

Criteria for evaluation

did not participate

partially

Actively participated

Repetition of IPS information

New topic

Parsing sentences

Mosaic

Exercise in the tutorial

Training apparatus

7. Homework. 2 min.

Homework..

exercise 231

Compose a text about your village using complex sentences with several clauses.

The lesson is over, thank you all.

Working with gifted students

1 ) I thought so that I did not even notice how the sun went down, how it began to get dark.

A) [so], (what), (how), (how)

B) [so], (what), (how), (how)

V) [so], (what), (how), (how)

2) Draw up a sentence diagram, indicate the type of subordination of subordinate clauses.

1. If every man on a piece of his land did everything he can, how beautiful our land would be.

2. She gazed at the sky, covered with living traces of the disappearing sun, as if there was happiness, which was made by nature, that from her it penetrated into a person.

Dealing with weak learners

Arrange punctuation marks in WBS with multiple clauses and highlight conjunctions

1. One could hear how the gardener walked in the garden and how his wheelbarrow creaked.

2. I knew that if I stretch my hand dew will fall from the bushes.

4. It seemed to him that he had never heard the wind whistle and howl so viciously.

Exercise:

1st level

Level 2:

place punctuation marks, determine the type of subordination and draw a diagram:

light.

Now millions of people listen to the radio, turn on televisions, pick up newspapers to find out everything that our country, our planet lives with.

In order to understand everythinghThis is happening in the world around us, in order to be understood by those with whom we communicate, we must have a good command of modern Russian. However, there is no need to close our eyes to the fact that very often we speak casually and write somehow. If our speech is incomprehensible to the interlocutor, how easily our words can be interpreted in a different way! From that, how do we express our thoughts, are we fluent in speech, depends, as far as we will be correctly understood.

Read the text

Determine the type of text. . (Reasoning)

Determine your speaking style.(Publicistic)

Determine the main point.

-- Write one SPP with several clauses

Make a proposal outline, indicating the type of subordination and the type of submission. NS.

Now millions of people listen to the radio, turn on televisions, pick up newspapers to find out everything that our country, our planet lives with.

Read the text

Determine the type of text. . (Reasoning)

Determine your speaking style.(Publicistic)

Determine the main point.

-- Write one SPP with several clauses

Make a proposal outline, indicating the type of submission and the type of submission. NS

Now millions of people listen to the radio, turn on televisions, pick up newspapers to find out everything that our country, our planet lives with.

Read the text

Determine the type of text. . (Reasoning)

Determine your speaking style.(Publicistic)

Determine the main point.

-- Write one SPP with several clauses

Make a proposal outline, indicating the type of submission and the type of submission. NS

Exercise: handout of two levels

1st level

place punctuation marks, determine the type of subordination and draw a diagram:

To hide her excitement, she bent low to the table and pretended to read the newspaper.

Everyone knew that the lady had arrived and that Kapiton had let her in.

Level 2:

place punctuation marks, determine the type of subordination and draw a diagram:

When I see these distant, harsh, inaccessible mountains, I want to climb

them and see what kind of world opens up before my eyes beyond the mountains.

By the time I got home, two more hours passed, so when I went out again, it was already

light.

Exercise: handout of two levels

1st level

place punctuation marks, determine the type of subordination and draw a diagram:

To hide her excitement, she bent low to the table and pretended to read the newspaper.

Everyone knew that the lady had arrived and that Kapiton had let her in.

Level 2:

place punctuation marks, determine the type of subordination and draw a diagram:

When I see these distant, harsh, inaccessible mountains, I want to climb

them and see what kind of world opens up before my eyes beyond the mountains.

By the time I got home, two more hours passed, so when I went out again, it was already

light.

Exercise: handout of two levels

1st level

place punctuation marks, determine the type of subordination and draw a diagram:

To hide her excitement, she bent low to the table and pretended to read the newspaper.

Everyone knew that the lady had arrived and that Kapiton had let her in.

Level 2:

place punctuation marks, determine the type of subordination and draw a diagram:

When I see these distant, harsh, inaccessible mountains, I want to climb

them and see what kind of world opens up before my eyes beyond the mountains.

By the time I got home, two more hours passed, so when I went out again, it was already

light.

Types of subordination. homogeneous sequential parallel main clause main clause main clause subordinate clause subordinate clause subordinate clause I Art. clause clause II Art. subordinate clause subordinate clause

1. (If the joy ends), [look for], (what was wrong). SPP with subordinate clauses., Explanatory, with parallel subordination. 2. [I will spare you from describing mountains, from exclamations (which do not express anything), from pictures (which do not depict anything, especially for those), (which were not there), and from statistical remarks], (which absolutely no one will not read). NGN with subordinate clauses, with parallel and sequential subordination. 3. [Russia has white birches, cedars that have forgotten (how old they are), mountains, gray from eternal winds, rivers] (which have no name). SPP with explanatory clauses, attributive, with parallel subordination. 4. (To repulse, throw off the enemy's shaft), [such a city endured trials] (which have never been known for two hundred and forty years of existence). SPP with subordinate clauses, definitive, with parallel subordination. 5. [The city seemed to ask you], (where were you on the winter days), (when the ceremonial buildings of the colonnade and the arch were covered with frost). SPP with explanatory subordinate clauses, attributive, with consistent subordination. Determine the subordinate clauses and the type of subordination.

Homogeneous subordinate clauses (subordination). Commas are included. [I saw], (how the stars began to fade), (how coolness swept across the ground). , (how how…). If the subordinate (explanatory) clauses are connected by the union "and", then the comma is not put. [It was obvious] (that Savelich was right) and (that I needlessly insulted him). , (what ...) and (what ...). If there are 3 explanatory subordinate clauses (subordinate), but in the 2nd sentence the union is omitted and it is joined using the union "and", then a comma is not put before the "and". [Yegorushka saw], (how the sky darkened) and (the darkness fell), (how the stars shone). , (like ...) and (...), (like ...). If in the main clause there are 2 subordinate subordinate clauses (time) and each is preceded by an "and", then a comma is placed before the second "and". [I love forests] and (when they rustle the foliage cheerfully), and (when they stand quietly under the snow). and (when ...), and (when ...). Punctuation Examples

Punctuation Examples Inhomogeneous clauses. Commas are included. a) Parallel subordination: (From the main proposition, different questions are posed to the subordinate clauses.) (When the boat approached the shore), [we saw], (that people were running to the shore). (When that…). b) Sequential subordination: (From the main proposition, the question is posed to the I degree subordinate clause, from the I degree subordinate clause to the II degree subordinate clause, from the II degree subordinate clause to the III degree subordinate clause.) rocks), (that it was necessary to come closer), (to notice them). , (which…), (what…), (to…).

Punctuation Examples With successive subordination, one subordinate clause can be inside another, that is, there will be 2 subordinates next to it. union. If the 2nd subordinate clause is easily removed from the sentence, then it has independence and a comma is put between the unions, if not, then the comma is not put (usually before "then", "but", "so"). [The old man warned] (that, (if the weather does not improve), there is nothing to think about hunting). [The old man warned] (that if the weather does not improve) (then there is nothing to think about hunting). SSP, which include SPP. [The guys walked quickly], and (when there were three kilometers to the place of overnight stay), [a forest appeared on the right). There are NGNs in which these types of sentences are combined. A comma is placed between the conjunctions (in this case "and" and "when"), if a sentence starting with the second conjunction is easily removed, if not, then the comma is not put.

1. Never before have children needed such enrichment with language as they need in our days when life is comprehensively changing when everything requires new forms. 2. From the very beginning, you should put things in such a way that the children themselves tell you about their affairs, so that they would like to tell you so that they are interested in your knowledge. 3. And I would like to think that this Russian man will endure an unbending will and will grow up near his father's shoulder who, having matured, will be able to endure everything on his way if his Motherland calls for it. 4. Until I got home, I sat at home two more hours, so when I got out it was already light. 5. Having greeted my father, he said that he would beat our thumbs up in the village, that we were no longer small and that it was time for us to study seriously. Arrange punctuation marks in WBS with multiple clauses. ,,,

1. Determine the type of proposal for the purpose of the statement (agenda, question, prompts). 2. Indicate the type of proposal for emotional coloring (excl. Or non-excl.). 3. Determine the main and subordinate clauses, find their boundaries. 4. Make a sentence diagram: ask (if possible) questions from the main to the subordinate clauses, indicate in the main word on which the subordinate clause depends (if it is a proverbial), characterize the means of communication (unions or union words), determine the types of subordinate clauses (determinants, explanatory and etc.). 5. Determine the type of subordination of clauses (homogeneous, parallel, sequential). Scheme for parsing a PSD with several clauses. [You will look at the pale green sky covered with stars (on which there is neither a cloud nor a spot), and you will understand] (why the summer warm air is still) (why nature is on guard). (A. Chekhov). [noun, (on which), verb.], (why), (why). (Story., Non-excl., Complex, SPP with three subordinate clauses: 1) def., 2) and 3) - explanatory; with parallel and homogeneous subordination). An example of parsing a WBS with several clauses. which? what? ____

Let's analyze the sentence syntactically. My father told me that he had never seen such loaves and that this year's harvest is excellent. (Aksakov). [ch.], (what) and (what). (Plot., Non-excl., Complex, SPP with two subordinate clauses: 1) explanatory, 2) explanatory, with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses). ,) (() about what? about what? ___ _ ___

I heard Gaidar cleaning the pot with sand and scolding him for the fact that his handle fell off. (Paustovsky). (Plot., Not excl., Complex, SPP with two subordinate clauses: 1) explanatory, 2) explanatory, with successive subordination of subordinate clauses). [ch.], (how), (what). what for what When he drove up to the back yard Yegorushka strained his eyes to get a better look at him. (Chekhov). (Story., Non-excl., Complex, SPP with two subordinate clauses: 1) obst. places, 2) arb. goals, with parallel subordination of clauses). (When), (to). when? why? Arrange the signs, do your own parsing of the sentence. Option I Option II (,), () () ,, () _ ____ _____ ____

Complex sentences with different types of connection are complex sentences that consist of at least three simple sentences connected by a compositional, subordinate and non-union connection. To understand the meaning of such complex structures, it is important to understand how the simple sentences included in them are grouped together. Often complex sentences with different types of connection are divided into two or more parts (blocks), connected with the help of compositional conjunctions or non-union; and each part in structure is either a complex sentence or a simple one. For example: 1) (I am sad): [there is no friend with me], (with whom I would drink for a long parting), (to whom I could shake hands with my heart and wish many happy years) (A. Pushkin). This is a complex sentence with different types of communication: non-union and subordinate, consists of two parts (blocks), connected non-union; the second part reveals the reason for what is said in the first; Part I is a simple sentence in structure; Part II is a complex sentence with two relative clauses, with a homogeneous subordination. : [noun], (with whom), (to).

Scheme for parsing a complex sentence with different types of communication. 1. Determine the type of sentence for the purpose of the statement (declarative, interrogative, incentive). 2. Indicate the type of sentence for emotional coloring (exclamation or non-exclamation). 3. Determine (by grammatical basis) the number of simple sentences, find their boundaries. 4. Determine the semantic parts (blocks) and the type of connection between them (non-union or compositional). 5. Give a description of each part (block) by structure (simple or complex sentence). 6. Draw up a proposal outline. Sample parsing comp. offer with different types of communication [Suddenly a thick fog fell], [as if he separated me from the rest of the world by a wall], and, (in order not to get lost), [I decided to return to the path], (which, according to my considerations, should have been on the left and behind) (V. Arseniev). ,, and, ((to), [noun], (which)). (Story., Non-excl., Compound, with different types of communication: non-union, compose. And subordinate., Consists of 3 parts, connected non-union (I and II parts) and compose. Connect. Union and (II and III parts) ; I part - a simple sentence, II part - a simple sentence, III hours - SPP with two subordinate clauses (goals and definitions) with parallel subordination.

Arrange punctuation marks. Parse the sentence syntactically. The alley was all in gardens and linden trees grew near the fences, now casting a wide shadow at the moon, so that the fences and gates on one side were completely buried in darkness. (A. Chekhov). ___ ___ [,], () [, and, (so). This is a complex sentence with different types of communication: compositional and subordinate, consists of two parts, connected by a compositional connecting union and, the relations between the parts are enumerative; Part I is a simple sentence in structure; Part II is a complex sentence with a clause of the consequence; the subordinate clause depends on everything important, it joins it with a union so that. ]

Who (not, neither) when (not) was on the top of Ivan the Great, who (not, nor) when (not) happened to glance at our ancient city from end to end, who (n_) once (not, nor) admired this majesty (n, nn) oh, almost (not) observable p_n_ram, - he (does not) have an idea of Moscow. (M. Yu. Lermontov) Such a sentence is called a period (from the Greek periodos - circle, detour, circulation). This is a relatively complete in a semantic sense, an expanded complex sentence, clearly breaking up into two opposite parts. The first part consists of a number of homogeneous units and is pronounced in a rising tone, followed by a pause, the second part of the sentence is pronounced in a lowered tone. The first part of the period is called an increase, the second - a decrease. Such an intonation pattern forms, as it were, a circle, since the period opens and closes in the same way of even pronunciation. The period is used in artistic and journalistic styles, in uplifting, emotionally expressive speech. A comma and a dash are placed between the first and second parts of the period. Period as a special type of complex sentence.
A25 In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in their place should be commas? It is never boring in the forest (1) and (2) if you feel sad (3) take a closer look at the most ordinary birch (4) that you meet on your way. 1) 1,2,4 2) 2,3 3) 1,2,3, 4 4) 1,3 Answer: 3

A25. In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in the place of which commas should be in the sentence? There was an impression (1) that we magically visited a wonderful country (2) where scarlet lilies and red mountain ash (3) where everything is clearer and more beautiful (4) than it was always around. 1) 1,2,4 2) 2,3 3) 1,2,3,4 4) 1,3 Answer: 3

A25. In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in the place of which commas should be in the sentence? The forest was brought to the river at night (1) and (2) when white fog covered the banks (3) all eight companies laid boards (4) on the wreckage of bridges. 1) 1, 3, 4 2) 1, 4 3) 2, 3 4) 1, 2, 3 Answer: 4

A25. In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in the place of which commas should be in the sentence? A few hours later (1) Ivan was exhausted (2) and (3) when he realized (4) that he could not cope with the papers (5) quietly and bitterly cried. 1) 1, 4, 5 2) 2, 3, 5 3) 3, 4, 5 4) 1, 4 Answer: 3

A25. In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in the place of which commas should be in the sentence? Mitya often simply admired his sister (1) and (2) even when he had to listen to her complaints about (3) that she looked bad after night shifts in the hospital (4) Lyubasha seemed to him the most beautiful. 1) 1, 2, 4 2) 1, 2, 3, 4 3) 1, 3 4) 3, 4 Answer: 2

In a complex sentence, there may be not one, but several subordinate parts (for clarity, we will highlight them with different graphic symbols). In this case, two types of complex sentences are distinguished.
The first type is made up of those in which all subordinate parts refer to the main part (to its individual word (phrase) or to the entire main part as a whole). Depending on the meaning of the subordinate parts and their relation to the main part, they can be homogeneous subordinate parts and heterogeneous.
Homogeneous subordinate clauses of the same name (i.e., parts that have the same meaning) referring to the same word of the main part or to the entire main part as a whole:

You could hear how the runners creaked in the street, how the cglevoz were driving to the factory (and) how half-frozen people shouted hoarsely at the horses (D. Mamin-Sibiryak). In this sentence, three subordinate clauses are homogeneous, since they answer the question "what?", Are explanatory and refer to the same phrase (it was heard) in the main part:
Homogeneous
subordination

On holidays, the owner deliberately looked for something to do, just to occupy his time, if only it would not. b amr and to him without _ work (M. Sholokhov). In this sentence, two subordinate clauses are homogeneous, since they answer the question "why?", Are clauses of the goal and relate to one main part:
Homogeneous
subordination
Between themselves, these parts are connected by a compositional or non-union connection and therefore are called subordinate clauses:
And for a long time I will be so kind to the people that I have good feelings for the lyre. woke up. that in my cruel age I glorified freedom (and) mercy ... to the fallen ... pri.zmtl (A. Pushkin). Two homogeneous explanatory subordinate clauses are interconnected by a non-union connection, and the third explanatory subordinate explanatory connection is:

how?
(what ...), (what ...) and ()
I was born in a forest farm and spent part of my childhood in dense forests, where bears walk along portages and impenetrable swamps, (a) rolling in flocks and .. in olochats. I (V. Gilyarovsky). Homogeneous subordinate clauses are connected by an adversarial union a. Subordinate union where in the second subordinate clause is omitted:

In the summer it was a shallow rivulet, which was easily wade (and) which usually dried up by August (A. Chekhov). Homogeneous subordinate clauses are connected by a union and:

(which ...) and (which ...)
It seemed to her that this ringing with a sharp thorn entered her
in the dishi that the fire will never end, that. / g about lost as
Sasha ... (A. Chekhov). Three explanatory clauses are connected by a non-union connection:

what?
(what ...), (what ...), (what ...)
Inhomogeneous subordinate clauses are dissimilar, that is, different in meaning, as well as the same in meaning, but referring to different members of the main part. Such subordinate clauses are also called parallel:
The point is not what they called her, but that she is a street, amazing! (S. Baruzdin). Both subordinate clauses are explanatory, but refer to different words of the main part:

Heterogeneous (parallel) subordination

it seemed that at every step he pulled out the NOSH OTPKTS- ^: SHO..Mmboshmz: Pod.ze4MTs (K. Simonov). One main one includes two different subordinate parts: a subordinate assignment and an explanatory one, which explain it from different sides:

despite what? ^ what?
(although ...) (what ...)
I will spare you from describing mountains, from exclamations that do not express anything, from pictures that. _.nich.h_o..not..ish they are fighting (M. Lermontov). Both subordinate clauses are definitive, but refer to different words of the main part:


what? u		m what?

(which ...) (which ...)
When he drove up to the back cart. Yegorushka strained his eyes to get a better look at him (A. Chekhov). The main part of the sentence is explained by clauses and purposes from different angles:
/\
when? ^ \ ^ why?
(when ...) (to ...)
The second type of complex sentences with several subordinate clauses includes sentences in which the subordinate clauses form a sequential chain: the first subordinate part refers to the main part, the second to the first part, the third to the second, etc. Such subordination is considered sequential (or inclusion), and subordinate clauses - respectively, subordinate clauses of the first degree, subordinate clauses of the second degree, etc.:
What amazed the silent visitors of the branch was that x: p, -. p_ists, _scattered in_p_different__ places ^
as if the whole choir was standing. without taking his eyes off the invisible conductor (M. Bulgakov). The main part includes the explanatory subordinate clause of the 1st degree, to the subordinate clause of the 1st degree - the comparative subordinate clause of the 2nd degree:
what?) g
(what ...) 1st degree
U
(as if ...) 2nd degree
In the mornings, when it is impossible to walk ten steps on the grass, ZShoby, not_pr_moshmSh.do__shShSh..rt_r_os1, the air on Prorva smells of bitter willow bark, grassy freshness, sedge (K. Paustovsky). The main part includes the subordinate clause of the 1st degree, the subordinate clause of the 1st degree - the subordinate objective of the 2nd degree:
when? v 1-degree
(when...)
why? 11 2nd degree
(to...)
There was something in their feeling that merged the heart and destroyed the bottomless abyss, which separates ... the brow.
century.from__person_in.e_k_a_ (JI. Andreev). The main part includes the explanatory subordinate clause of the 1st degree, the subordinate clause of the 1st degree - the determinative subordinate clause of the 2nd degree:
what? u
(what ...) 1st degree
which? \G
(which ...) 2nd degree
In sequential subordination, one subordinate part can be inside another, which leads to a confluence of unions. This is why consistent submission is called inclusion.
1st degree
The horses were so tired that when the packs were removed from them, they lay down on the ground (V. Arseniev). The main part includes the subordinate measure and degree of the 1st degree, to the subordinate 1st degree - the subordinate clause of the 2nd degree:


as? ,	і

when? n
2nd degree
(when...)
Consistently subordinate subordinate and subordinate homogeneous and heterogeneous can be combined within one complex sentence:
But then he realized that it would take a desperate laugh.
loyalty. to .. press the button .. Ж9_нш ___ at .. her_ doors, (and) that he is unlikely to decide on this (K. Paustovsky). Complicated proposal with homogeneous and consistent submission. The main part includes two homogeneous explanatory clauses, and the first explanatory clause - a clause:
offset

(to...)

(bye ...) (so ...)
While you were at school, in the classroom, your mother wiped away her tears so that you don’t know that ... there is a need (s) that she is cruel (A. Lyukin). A complex proposal with a heterogeneous, consistent and homogeneous submission. The main part is explained by the subordinate clause and the subordinate purpose. The clauses are explained by two homogeneous explanatory clauses:
Complex sentences can have two (or more) main parts with a common (or common) subordinate clauses. As a rule, these are sentences with a subordinate clause related to the entire main clause as a whole (simultaneously to two
or even three). Most often these are subordinate clauses with temporary and conditional values:
As soon as Margarita touched the wet grass, mu
the tongue over the willows hit harder and a sheaf of sparks from the fire flew up more cheerfully (M. Bulgakov).

when?
(,only...)
Less common are subordinate modes of action of this type and subordinate attributions:
So bright the stars burn the pattern, so clear the Milky Way
streams that the snow-covered courtyard is all glistening
and phosphorite (I. Bunin).
how? "Жgt; ^
(what...)
There was a sea and there was a steppe, stormy.
which?
(which ...)

Among sentences 3-10, find a complex sentence with heterogeneous (parallel) subordination of clauses. Write the number of this sentence.

(3) Something closed in Fedor. (4) The head was empty. (5) In the classroom, when he was raised, he got up, confused, not knowing what to say, and the guys already began to giggle at him, immediately coming up with the nickname Gloom Grumblev. (6) But Fedor did not seem to hear this either. (7) His body seemed to have lost the ability to feel, and his soul - to feel. (8) After school, he got on the bus and went to the old district.

(9) On one of these visits, an excavator who was loading rubble into a dump truck shouted to Fedor:

- (10) Hey guy! Get out your dovecote!

Correct answer: 5

A comment:

A complex sentence with heterogeneous (parallel) subordination of clauses should, firstly, be complex, that is, have subordinate unions; secondly, it is necessary that the subordinate clauses answer different questions, this is precisely the main feature of parallel subordination; thirdly, there should be at least three basics.

Proposition 5 meets all these conditions.

[In the classroom, (when his raised), he got up, confused, not knowing], (what to tell), and the guys have already begun to giggle at him, immediately inventing the nickname Gloomy Grumblev.

Parentheses mark simple sentences as part of a complex sentence (SPP), italics indicate the basis.

What you need to know:
In a complex sentence, there may be not one subordinate clause, but two, three, four or more. The clauses are connected not only with the main part of the sentence, but also with each other. This relationship can be different in nature:

Uniform subordination

Subordination is considered homogeneous, and subordinate clauses - homogeneous under two conditions:

If the clauses refer to the whole main clause or to the same word.
They are subordinate clauses of the same type.

Example: She knew that the girls looked with apprehension at the closed door of the room, that they felt tied up ... (Yu. German).

[- =], (what - =), (what = -) ...

Note

The subordinate union (or union word) in the second of the homogeneous subordinate clauses may be absent, but it is easy to restore it according to the first subordinate clause, for example: He was no longer afraid, although the thunder crackled as before and (although) lightning streaked the entire sky (A. Chekhov). Pay attention to the absence of a comma between the two subordinate clauses: it is not there, since the subordinate clauses are homogeneous and connected by the union I.

[=], (although - =) and ((although) - =).

Heterogeneous (parallel) subordination

If of the two conditions for homogeneous subordination, only one is fulfilled, and the other is not, then we are dealing with heterogeneous (parallel) subordination.
Thus, in case of heterogeneous subordination, subordinate clauses either refer to one thing, but they are subordinate clauses of different types, either, being subordinate clauses of the same type (usually these are subordinate clauses), refer to different words.

Example: When we got up, it was impossible to understand what time it was (A. Chekhov).

(When - =), [then =], (which -).

Consistent submission

With sequential subordination, subordinate clauses are linked together as if in a chain: the first subordinate clause refers to the main clause (this is a subordinate clause of the 1st degree), the second subordinate clause refers to the first (subordinate clause of the II degree), the third - to the second (subordinate clause III), etc.

Example: It was a beautiful July day, one of those days that happen when the weather has settled for a long time (I. Turgenev).

[= -], (which =), (when - =).

With consistent subordination, a confluence of two subordinate unions or a subordinate union and a union word (what if, what when, what why, etc.) is possible. In such cases, the second clause is inside the first.

It so happened that when we were driving, there was not the slightest swell (M. Prishvin).

[=], (what, (when - =), =)

Combined subordination

In a complex sentence with a large number of subordinate clauses, combined subordination is possible (homogeneous and parallel, homogeneous and sequential, sequential and parallel; homogeneous, sequential and parallel).

Example:In the evening, the storm broke out so that it was impossible to hear whether the wind was buzzing or thunder was thundering(I. Goncharov) (consistent and homogeneous subordination)

[- =], (what =), (= whether -) or (= -).

(consistent and homogeneous subordination).

Example: To go forward, look back more often, otherwise you will forget where you came from and where you need to go.(L. Andreev).

(To =), [=], (otherwise - =), (whence - =) and (where =).

(homogeneous, parallel and sequential subordination).