Astronomy test "solar system planets". Astronomy test
Test on the topic: Solar system. (astronomy)
Option 1 Option 2
1. Discovered the laws of planetary motion:
A) Ptolemy.
B) Copernicus.
B) Kepler.
D) Bruno. 1. The reference frame associated with the Sun, proposed by Nicolaus Copernicus, is called:
A) geocentric;
B) heliocentric;
B) centric; D) copernic.
2. All planets have satellites, except...
A) Mercury B) Venus C) Earth D) Mars
D) Jupiter E) Saturn G) Uranus H) Neptune 2. The highest point of the celestial sphere is called ...
A) north point. B) zenith.
B) nadir. D) point of the east.
3. The diameter of the Sun is greater than the diameter of the Earth A) 109 times B) 218 times C) 312 times 3. The age of the Sun: A) 2 billion years
B) 5 billion years C) 500 million years
4. The annual parallax is used for:
A) determining the distance to the nearest stars;
B) determining the distance to the planets;
C) the distances the Earth travels per year;
D) evidence of the finiteness of the speed of light; 4. The line of intersection of the plane of the celestial horizon and the meridian is called ...
A) noon line.
B) true horizon.
B) right ascension.
5. While watching the starry sky at night for an hour, you noticed that the stars were moving across the sky. This happens because: A) The Earth moves around the Sun B) The Sun moves along the ecliptic
B) The earth rotates around its axis
D) stars move around the Earth 5. Find the location of the giant planets in order of distance from the Sun:
A) Uranus, Saturn, Jupiter, Neptune
B) Neptune, Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus
B) Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
D) there is no correct answer
6. The cube of the semimajor axis of the orbit of a body, divided by the square of its period of revolution and the sum of the masses of the bodies, is a constant value. What is Kepler's law? A) Kepler's first law; B) Kepler's second law;
B) Kepler's third law; D) Kepler's fourth law. 6. What is the value of the astronomical unit?
A) 160 million km. B) 149.6 million km.
B) 135 million km. D) 143.6 million km.
7. The distance from the Earth to the Sun is called:
A) light year B) parsec C) astronomical unit D) annual parallax 7. In what orbits do the planets move?
A) circular B) hyperbolic
C) elliptical D) parabolic
8. Name the main reasons for the change of seasons:
A) change in the distance to the Sun due to the movement of the Earth in an elliptical orbit;
B) the inclination of the earth's axis to the plane of the earth's orbit;
B) rotation of the Earth around its axis;
D) temperature changes 8. The phenomenon of ebb and flow is explained by:
A) slow axial rotation of the Moon
B) the gravity of the Moon and the large size of the Earth
B) large temperature differences on the Moon
D) the movement of the Moon around the Earth
D) lunar eclipse
9. The ratio of the cubes of the semimajor axes of the planets is 64. What is the ratio of their periods of revolution around the Sun?
A) 8 B) 4 C) 16 D) 2 9. The ratio of the cubes of the semi-axes of the orbits of two planets is 16. Therefore, the period of revolution of one planet is greater than the period of revolution of the other:
A) 8 times B) 2 times C) 4 times D) 16 times
10. When is the Earth closest to the Sun due to its annual orbital motion?
A) in summer B) at perihelion C) in winter D) at aphelion 10. The bodies that make up the Solar System are listed below. Select an exception.
A) Sun B) major planets and their satellites C) asteroids D) comets E) meteors D) meteorites
11. Terrestrial planets include:
A) Venus; B) Jupiter; C) Saturn; D) Neptune. 11. Small bodies of the Solar system include:
A) stars B) comets C) asteroids D) planets
12. The third refined law of I. Kepler is used mainly to determine in stars:
A) distance B) period C) mass D) radius 12. How long does light from the Sun take to reach the Earth?
A) comes instantly B) Approximately 8 minutes.
C) 1 light year D) about a day
13. The period of time between two new moons is called: A) synodic month
B) sidereal month
B) full lunar month
D) calendar month 13. Each planet moves in such a way that the radius - the vector of the planet describes equal areas in equal periods of time. What is Kepler's law? A) Kepler's first law; B) Kepler's second law;
B) Kepler's third law; D) Kepler's fourth law.
14. It is known that the orbit of any planet is an ellipse, at one of the foci of which the Sun is located. The point of the orbit closest to the Sun is called:
A) apogee B) perigee C) apohelium D) perihelion 14. Relative to the Sun, the planets are located like this:
A) Venus, Earth, Mars, Mercury, Neptune, Pluto, Saturn, Uranus, Jupiter. B) Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Neptune, Pluto, Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus.
C) Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto.
No. I II
1 V A
2 AB B
3 A B
4 A A
5V
6 V B
7 B B8 B B
9 A B
10 B D
11 A BV
12 V B
13 A B
1.Scientist who proved the movement of planets around the Sun.
a) Nicolaus Copernicus
b) Giordano Bruno
c) Galileo Galilei
2. Which planet is the largest in the solar system?
a) Saturn b) Earth c) Jupiter
3. Which planet orbits the Sun faster than the others?
a) Mercury b) Venus c) Earth
4. Which planet has a day equal to a year?
a) Pluto b) Venus c) Jupiter
5. A planet that has two satellites - Phobos and Deimos
a) Mars b) Pluto c) Jupiter
6. Terrestrial planets.
a) Venus, Earth, Mars, Neptune
b) Venus, Earth, Mars, Pluto.
c) Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars
7. Which planet has the largest number of satellites?
a) Uranus b) Jupiter c) Saturn
8. The star around which the Earth revolves... a) Sun b) Moon c) Venus d) Mercury
9. The most distant planet from the Sun...
a) Neptune b) Venus
c) Saturn d) Pluto
10. A natural satellite orbiting the Earth?
a) Mars b) Jupiter
c) Moon d) Pluto
11. Which planet is named after the god of trade?
a) Mars b) Mercury
c) Pluto d) Saturn
12. Which planet is named after the Roman god of war? a) Pluto b) Neptune c) Mars
d) Saturn
13.
The planets are located relative to the Sun as follows: a) Venus, Earth, Mars, Mercury, Neptune, Pluto, Saturn, Uranus, Jupiter b) Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Neptune, Pluto, Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus;
c) Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto.
14.
Pluto is... a) the largest planet in the solar system; b) the smallest planet in the solar system;
c) a planet equal in size to planet Earth.
15.
The closest star to Earth is
a) Venus, in ancient times called the “morning star” b) Sun c) Alpha Centauri
d) Polaris
16.
What two gases does the Sun mainly consist of?
a) oxygen b) helium c) nitrogen d) argon e) hydrogen
17.
What is the temperature of the Sun's surface?
a) 2,800 degrees Celsius b) 5,800 degrees Celsius c) 10,000 degrees Celsius
d) 15 million degrees Celsius
18.
The outer radiating surface of the Sun is called
a) photosphere b) atmosphere c) chromosphere
19. Which gas layer protects the Earth from cosmic radiation?
a) oxygen b) ozone c) helium d) nitrogen
20. The reason for the change of seasons on Earth is
a) the tilt of the earth’s axis b) the shape of the earth’s orbit
c) distance to the Sun d) solar eclipses
21. According to modern views on the origin of the Sun and the solar system, they were formed from
a) Other stars and planets b) Big Bang
c) gas and dust cloud
22. The sun lit up approximately
a) 100 million years ago b) 1 billion years ago
c) 4.5 billion years ago d) 100 billion years ago
23. The following planets consist primarily of gases:
a) Mercury and Mars b) Pluto and Jupiter
c) Venus and Earth d) Mars and Saturn
24. In the process of aging, the Sun will turn into
a) in a blue dwarf b) in a red dwarf
c) into a red giant d) into a blue giant
25. A supernova is born
a) from a gas and dust cloud b) from a black hole
c) as a result of the explosion of a red giant
d) as a result of the explosion of a white dwarf
26.
The largest difference in day and night surface temperatures on the planet...
a) Mercury b) Venus c) Saturn d) Pluto
27. The high surface temperature of Venus is due to...
a) the greenhouse effect b) the presence of a satellite
c) proximity to the Sun
28. Terrestrial planet whose average surface temperature is below 0 0 WITH…
29. The clouds contain droplets of sulfuric acid near the planet...
a) Mercury b) Venus c) Mars d) Earth
30. Planets with a biosphere...
a) Mercury b) Venus c) Mars d) Earth
Independent work on the topic “Small bodies of the Solar System”
Option 1
Part 1
Asteroids are
a) the smallest solid particles;
b) rather large bodies of irregular shape, revolving around the Sun, between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
c) large bodies of regular shape orbiting around the Sun;
d) the smallest irregularly shaped bodies revolving around the Sun.
2. The largest meteorite found weighed about:
a) 30t; b) 100t; c) 60t; d) 20t.
3. Cosmic bodies that fell to Earth are called:
a) small planets; b) comets; c) meteors; d) meteorites.
4. The tail of a comet consists of:
a) from ice and fine dust; b) from gas and fine dust;
c) from large solid particles and ice; d) from large solid particles, ice and gases.
Part 2
Asteroids are large stars.
Most asteroids move between the orbits of the planets Mars and Jupiter.
Comets consist of a nucleus, a gaseous envelope and a tail.
The tail of a comet appears only when moving away from the Earth.
Meteorites are cosmic bodies that fell to Earth.
Translated from Greek, meteorites mean “floating in water.”
Comets move in elongated orbits, constantly moving away from the Sun.
In terms of their composition, meteorites can be either stone or iron.
Option 2
Part 1
“Hovering in the air” is usually called:
a) small planets; b) comets; c) meteors; d) meteorites.
2. Cosmic particles heat up and flare up as a result of friction with the atmosphere at a height:
a) 110-130 km; b) 80-100 km; c)50-70 km; d) 20-40 km.
3. Star-like are called:
a) asteroids; b) comets; c) meteors; d) meteorites.
a) Vesta; b) Halley; c) Donati; d) Rent-Rolanda.
Part 2
Read the statements and decide which ones are true. Write down the numbers of the correct statements.
An asteroid is a small planet.
A comet is a light phenomenon that occurs when a celestial body enters the Earth's atmosphere.
The comet's nucleus is gaseous.
A meteor is a light phenomenon that occurs when cosmic dust particles burn in the Earth's atmosphere.
The fall of large meteorites to the Earth's surface is a fairly common occurrence.
Comets get their name from the Greek word cometes, which means hairy.
Comets are not visible to the naked eye.
In addition to cosmic dust, larger bodies - asteroid fragments - also move in interplanetary space.
MINISTRY OF GENERAL AND PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION
SVERDLOVSK REGION
STATE AUTONOMOUS PROFESSIONAL
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF THE SVERDLOVSK REGION
"PERVURAL POLYTECHNIUM
TEST
BY SECTION
"NATURE OF BODIES OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM",
“SUN AND STARS” AND “STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTION OF THE UNIVERSE”.
TO THE WORK PROGRAM
ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE
OUD.09 ASTRONOMY
Explanatory note.
The test was developed in accordance with the work program for the academic discipline “Astronomy”.
Type of control: thematic.
Form of control: level test.
Purpose of control: checking the compliance of the level of activity of students with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard.
Form of assignments: learning task.
Number of options: 8
Number of tasks in option: 3
| Job number | |
| Characteristics of the objects of study: astronomical event; physical phenomenon. |
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| Characteristics of the object of study: astronomical object. |
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| Solving an astronomical problem. |
Characteristics of tasks:
| Job number | Plan item number | Evaluation criteria (demonstrated skills) | Number in order | Indicators (basic competencies) |
| Correct behavior during the test. | Emotional-psychological |
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| Gives a definition of an astronomical event or physical phenomenon (depending on the option) | Regulatory |
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| Evaluates the conditions for the occurrence of an astronomical event or the conditions for the occurrence of a physical phenomenon (depending on the option) | Self-improvement |
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| Gives an example of observing an astronomical event or an example of the application (manifestation) of a physical law (depending on the option) | Creative |
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| Regulatory |
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| Analyzes the main characteristics of an astronomical object | Analytical |
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| Evaluates options for the possible origin of an astronomical object | Self-improvement |
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| Selects an example of the existence of an astronomical object | Creative |
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| Social |
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| Analytical |
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| Explores connections and dependencies | Analytical |
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| Self-improvement |
*The development of students’ emotional and psychological competencies is monitored by their behavior during the test and does not affect the student’s grade.
Evaluation Matrix:
| Scope of knowledge Level educational activities | Orientation | Base | Program |
| Analytical synthetic | |||
| Algorithmic | |||
| Factual |
Text of assignments.
Option 1
Describe the astronomical event: nova.
Describe the astronomical object: dwarf planet.
Determine the distance to the star Altair if its parallax is 0.2".
Option 2
Describe the astronomical event: solar activity.
Describe the astronomical object: galaxy.
Determine the sum of the masses of a binary star if the orbital period of its components is 50 years and the semimajor axis of the orbit is 20 AU.
Option 3
Describe the astronomical event: meteor shower.
Describe the astronomical object: star.
Determine the radial velocity of a star if its spectrum contains the red line of hydrogen 
turned out to be shifted to the violet end of the spectrum by 
.
Option 4
Describe the physical phenomenon: the Doppler effect.
Describe the astronomical object: planet.
Determine how many times a star with luminosity 10Land a surface temperature of 8400 K, more than the Sun.
Option 5
Describe the astronomical event: supernova.
Describe the astronomical object: asteroid.
Determine the tangential velocity of the star if its proper motion is0,1 ” per year, and the distance to the star is 20 pc.
Option 6
Describe the physical phenomenon: cosmic microwave background radiation.
Describe the astronomical object: meteoroid.
Determine the orbital period of a binary star if the total mass of its components is 10 M, and the semimajor axis of the orbit is 5 AU.
Option 7
Describe the astronomical event: fireball.
Describe the astronomical object: star cluster.
Determine the parallax of the star if the distance to it is 25 pc.
Option 8
Give a description of the physical phenomenon: variable stars.
Describe the astronomical object: comet.
Determine the spatial velocity of the star if its radial velocity is 25 km/s and its tangential velocity is 10 km/s.
Plans for characterizing educational elements.
Task No. 1
Plan for characterizing an astronomical event.
Definition;
Conditions of attack;
An example of observation.
Plan of characteristics of a physical law.
Definition;
Flow conditions;
Examples of manifestation (application).
Task No. 2
Characteristics plan for an astronomical object.
Definition;
Main characteristics;
Origin;
An example of existence.
Algorithm for solving an educational problem.
(Task No. 3).
Brief description of the condition;
Selection of formulas (laws, equations) necessary for solving;
Performing mathematical transformations and calculations;
Assessing the reliability of the result obtained.
Assessment of test work in the sections “Practical Fundamentals of Astronomy” and “Structure of the Solar System”.
| Demonstrated skills | Correct behavior while doing work | 1 task | 2 task | 3 task | Execution level |
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| Defines an astronomical event or physical phenomenon | Evaluates the conditions for the occurrence of an astronomical event or the conditions for the occurrence of a physical phenomenon | Gives an example of observing an astronomical event or manifestation (application) of a physical phenomenon | Defines an astronomical object | Analyzes the characteristics of an astronomical object | Evaluates options for the origin of an astronomical object | Selects an example of the existence of an astronomical object | Transfers information from one sign system to another | Highlights cause-and-effect relationships | Explores connections and dependencies | Evaluates the reliability of the result obtained | Scope of knowledge | Activity level |
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| Basic compu- ten- tions Grade | Emotional-psychological | Regulatory | Self-improvement | Creative | Regulatory | Social | Self-improvement | Creative | Social | Analytical | Analytical | Self-improvement |
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| Program many | Analytical-synthetic |
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| Completed at least 7 points from 3 -x tasks | Program many | Algorithmic |
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| Base | Analytical-synthetic |
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| Base | Analytical-synthetic |
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| Base | Analytical-synthetic |
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| Completed at least 5 points from 2 -x tasks | Base | Algorithmic |
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| Orientation | Analytical-synthetic |
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| Orientation | Analytical-synthetic |
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| Orientation | Analytical-synthetic |
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| Completed at least 3 points from 3 -x tasks | Program many | Factual |
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| Completed at least 2 points from 2 -x tasks | Base | Factual |
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| Completed at least 2 points from 1 -th task | Orientation | Algorithmic |
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| Completed 1 item from 1 -th task | Orientation | Factual |
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| Not a single item completed | Indefined | Indefined |
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