What criteria differentiates wages? Salary Differentiation in Russia

Each working person receives a remuneration called wages. The differentiation of wages is such a concept that all at least once, and heard. But few people are interested in his meaning. Well, it's worth talking on this topic, and note the basic provisions relating to it.

Definition

Everyone knows that such a wage differentiation is the concept that occurred from the Latin word differentia. It translates into Russian as "difference". English Difference, by the way, means the same. This term always denotes the separation of a certain part from one. Whatever it concerned. But, naturally, the selection is always due to certain signs.

And here is the differentiation of wages, as it was already possible to guess, means a significant difference in the levels of income of people.

Influencing factors

Of course, demand and proposal plays a role. But there are and much more important factors that affect the salary value.

First, this is the quantity and quality of labor. Secondly, the conditions under which a person has to work. Thirdly, it is a skill of labor. And another type of human activity, the cost of life (and there is such a concept), the minimum wage (acts as a social guarantee), as well as the wage policy.

Listed s / n specific workers or their individual groups. Practice is known to the sectoral differentiation of wages, territorial and professional. And also the difference in working conditions and categories of workers.

The reasons

This or that amount of income is always associated with human well-being. It's not a secret for anything that today some people get more money, while others are less. Such unevenness cause certain reasons for wage differentiation.

The first is one of the most weighty. And these are differences in physical and intellectual abilities. Also, an important role is played by the level of education, qualifications, professional qualities, and even readiness to risk.

The second reason lies in motivation and hard work. Each person works not as another. There are workaholics who spend a good half of the day at work, do not take holidays, and constantly seeking their work and love for labor. And there are apathetic "workers". They served at work only 15 minutes, and already impatiently look at the clock. It is not surprising that these people can occupy the same for decades and the same position - there are no excitement in them.

The third reason is a profession. It is logical that the sales assistant in the store will earn an order of magnitude less than the financial director of some large company.

The fourth reason that takes place in the system of differentiation of wages of workers is to succeed, luck, discrimination, size and composition of the family.

And finally, the last factor. 5th Cause is the ownership of any property. Why accumulate rich people constantly increase? Because they invest their earned money in banks, real estate, other values, thereby doubling them. And insolvent people cannot afford it, since they have no savings.

Restrictions

There are many other other wage differentiation factors. Attention should be noted geographical limitations. With this sign each of us. And we are talking about the difference in salaries, which does not depend on the life or working conditions of people. This refers to the different ratio of demand and suggestions in various regional labor markets. It is logical that in Moscow an employee of the media sphere will get more than in the Crimea. After all, it is not necessary to voice, in what place the media is better developed, where they mean, and how different the technical base is. Like, in fact, the requirements for employees.

We still have to say about institutional restrictions. This is an artificial "framework". They limit the mobility of employees. When, for example, the workshop trade union limits the number of its members, it automatically prevents the possible movement of employees to another region, where the salary is higher. All because of the concerns to be not accepted in a new place in the members of the trade union.

And there are also sociological limitations. And this, many consider the most outrageous factor. Despite the presence of relevant laws, the differentiation of wages in the enterprise by sex, nationality and citizenship is often found.

Other nuances

Another difference in s / n is often explained by investments in this so-called costs aimed at increasing the quality of labor. And, of course, productivity. This is primarily included in the payment of education. General, special, retraining, advanced training, etc.

Health expenditures are also included in the list of causes of the difference salary. What to say, if even payment for an increase in the number of jobs also decided to contribute to this category. Although, if you go into details, it is already far from investing in a person. This is the development of the funds of the firm / company / concern, etc.

Tariffs

Talking about what is a differentiation of payroll rates, and for what reasons it exists, it is impossible not to note the attention of one interesting thing. Namely, that during the time of the USSR developed a unified state tariff system. What does she represent? The set of standards with which the country performs the settlement of the s / n levels. These are district coefficients for salary, tariff nets, rates, qualifying directories and much more.

By the way, here's the last one can be more detailed. The directory is such an imaging compilation that contains the characteristics of various and specializations. And also the requirements that are presented to the skills and knowledge of a potential employee of a particular sphere.

The notorious tariff grid was created to regulate wages depending on how qualified person. And the rate, as everyone knows, determines the s / n employee of a certain discharge. Since 1992, a single tariff scale has a single tariff mesh in the Russian Federation. It includes 18 rates of discharges. At the same time the very first, minimum, corresponds to the minimum wage.

Promotion

All of the above are the main aspects concerning such a thing as wages. Differentiation of wages, moreover, includes more surcharges and surcharges. Specialists performing complex, heavy, dangerous, important, urgent, intensive work always pay more. Money compensates for their load and spent forces. The same overtime - a bright example. Or surcharge teacher for the fact that they are "extended" or take a particular class under their leadership.

It should be noted that certain surcharges are required. And that the company does not "forget about them, the corresponding law was adopted and the KZOT was established.

Everyone knows such a concept as a premium. This is an incentive remuneration for achieving certain indicators in the work. Each production has premium provisions that describe all the conditions to follow a person who wants to receive remuneration.

Specificity of payment

It is worth noting that there is not only fixed wages. Differentiation of wages is still dependent on the form and type of work. This refers to the process itself. There are, for example, the so-called floating salary system. Or labor payment carried out on a commission basis. Often freelancers (people who workers remotely) get more people who go to work intentionally. Because they tend to pay for a unit of labor as a rule, and not for the time spent.

Suppose a good artist ordered a picture for 30,000 rubles. He, being a master of his business, wrote her in five days. And received clearly more than the same school teacher from. While he will receive its salary at the end of the month for conducting a certain number of lessons.

About stimulating wages

This aspect is also worth touched upon attention, talking about such a topic as the differentiation of wages in Russia.

So, the size of "stimulating" in any cases depends on the two most important factors. The first is the initial value of s / n. It is always determined by the problem of income level. The initial value is a rated work performed by a person. Naturally, if a person receives 70,000 rubles per month, applying efforts commensurate for payment, its premium cannot be 1,000 rubles.

And the second factor is social justice. The difference in s / n levels between higher and lower qualifications should be justified and is argued.

How are things going at the enterprises?

A couple of words should be said about how it is determined on certain firms differentiation of wages. Dependencies, reasons and factors affecting the difference were listed above. And now you can tell how it is determined by the heads of enterprises.

Legislation is based on. And, based on its provisions, a wage system is lined up. First of all, the specificity of production is taken into account. What are the nature of labor organization, the nature of the service / manufactured products, the specificity of the structure of personnel and its composition.

Then the project organization of remuneration is being developed. Everything is rechecked several times, errors and shortcomings are eliminated, objectivity is analyzed. And, which is important, staff should be attracted to the process. Employees, their work promoting the enterprise, must also say their word to differentiate wage levels to be as objective as possible. And it would not hurt to remember everyone. People often shy or afraid to ask for an increase or award. But in vain. When a person is really hardworking, it benefits the company, exceeds the plan, or shows itself better than others - it has the right to declare himself if the employer does not notice.

Social aspect

Of course, financial and economic, legal and organizational aspects are very important. All of their essence was listed above. But finally, I would like to say a few words about the social component.

Differentiation is something that should improve the efficiency of using certain resources. The difference traced in the wage levels is obliged to stimulate specialists and workers to improve, improve their career. A simple example: there is a major media holding. It is good for the benefit of people of various specialization. Starting with secretaries, corrector and assistants of the lead, ending with the main editors, installations and operators. As soon as the journalist who was at the trial period knows that he, at first, will pay 30,000 rubles (for example). But he also knows that a special correspondent receives twice as much. There is a stimulus to grow, work, show yourself a good worker, and even overfulfill a plan. This is called prospects.

Negative factor

However, some differentiation species only worsen the situation. And no economic efficiency is observed. People work at the enterprise for five years, ten, fifteen - and all the time occupy the same position, receiving minor increases in a couple of years. And the director, administrators and deputies every year buy the latest models of phones, change the cars and attach the floors to the cottages. Undent, of course, but such and such situations are not uncommon. And so explicitly pronounced differentiation only oppresses employees and beat off all the desire to work for the benefit of the enterprise. This is social injustice. It should not be. And you need to fight.