Facts about dinosaurs

When dinosaurs appeared
Documented data indicate the appearance of dinosaurs about two hundred forty million years ago. If the history of the Earth squeeze to 1 year, believing that the birth of the Earth happened on January 1, then the first life appeared not earlier than the end of March. The first dinosaurs would appear in mid-December. The first people would appear only a few hours before the end of the year.

How many animals extinced?
More than 99, 9 percent of animals who lived ever on Earth were extinct before the appearance of a person.

Ancient Reptile
Unchanged (Insectivorous) (1972) was found in Kentucky, USA, its estimated age of 310,000,000 years.

Dinosaurs from the Mesozoic Era
The development of the Earth is divided into five intervals of the time, which are called eras. The first two era, archeoz and proteodes, lasted 4 billion years, that is, almost 80% of the whole earthly history. During archeoos, the formation of land occurred, water and oxygen appeared. About 3.5 billion years ago, the first tiny bacteria and algae appeared. In the era of the Proterozoy, about 700 years ago, the first animals appeared in the sea. These were primitive invertebrates, such as worms and jellyfish.

Paleozoic ERA began 590 million years ago and lasted 342 million years. Then the ground covered the swamps. During Paleozoic, large plants, fish and amphibians appeared. The Mesozoic Era began 248 million years ago and lasted183 million years. At this time, the land was inhabited by huge dinosaurs lizards. The first mammals and birds appeared. The Cenozoic Era began 65 million years ago and continues until now. At this time there were plants and animals that surround us today.

The most primitive dinosaur

... It is considered eoraptor lunensis. He was awarded this title in 1993, when in the foothills of the Andes in Argentina, in rocks, whose age is 228 million years, his skeleton was found. The length of the body of this dinosaur reached 1 m. It was attributed to the territories (the predatory dinosaur from the Children's detachment).

Life expectancy of dinosaurs
Most dinosaurs lived over a hundred years.

The largest animals
Dinosaurs were the largest animals in the history of the Earth. One of the largest dinosaurs was SuperSaurus supersaurus. He weighed as much as 10 elephants. Huge sizes reached herbivore dinosaurs. Particularly large, up to 30 meters long, were Brachiosaur and diplodok. Zauropodi - Representatives of the suburbs of lizardous dinosaurs, distinguished the long neck, a long tail and moving on four legs. These vegetative dinosaurs settled most of the land in Jurassic and chalome periods, 208-65 million years ago.

Diplodocus
The diplodok, who lived in the chalk period, had a body length of more than 25 m; He dwells in North America.

Dinosaurs had five fingers

The inhabitants of the sushi, tetrapeods were four-legged amphibians, about five fingers on each leg, and loved to walk along the coastal sand of the ancient seas and oceans. These are the traces, age from 360 to 345 million years, and were recently discovered in the east of Canada - the most ancient of those known today.

The most ridiculous dinosaur - the physician
In the territory, the legs were like birds, the muzzle ended with a toothless beak, there were four functional fingers on each paw.

The most severe dinosaurs
... were probably: Titanozavr Antarctosaurus Giganteus (Giant Antarctic Lizard), weighing 40-80 tons, the fossil remains of which were found in India and Argentina; Brachiosaur Brachiosaurus Altithorax (handicker), named as its long forefinders (45-55 tons); Diplodok Seismosaurus Halli (Lizard shaking land) and SuperSaurus Vivianae (the weight of both exceeded 50 tons, and on some calculations, approached 100 tons). The alleged weight of the Argentine titanosaur - Argentinosaur - reached 100 tons. The estimates made in 1994 were based on the size of its giant vertebrae.

Armored dinosaurs
Ankylosaurs - the most armored from dinosaurs. The back and head they have been protected by bone plates, horns and spikes. The torso reached a width of 2.5 m. The distinguishing feature was a big boulava, which ended the tail.

The highest dinosaur
The highest and most close-up of dinosaurs, whose skeleton was preserved completely, was Brachiosaurus Brancai Brachiosaurus, found in Tedagur, Tanzania. It was discovered in Lateurish sediments (150 -144 million years ago). The total length of the Brachiosaurus was 22.2 m; Height in the withers - 6 m; The height with the head-raised head is 14 m. Probably, during life, the dinosaur weight was equal to 30 - 40 tons. However, the small ber bone of another Brachiosaurist, stored in the museum, suggests that these animals were even larger.

The longest dinosaur

... This is Brachiosaur. Footprints suggest that the body length of the Brachiosaurus Breviparopus reached 48 m. SEISMOSAURUS HALLI diplodok, found in 1994 in PC. New Mexico, USA, reached the length of 39-52 m. These estimates are based on bone comparison.

Iguanodon

Iguanodon, who lived in the chalk period, had a body length of about 10 m; He lived in Western Europe, North Africa, Mongolia; Was her herbivore.

The smallest dinosaurs

The smallest dinosaurs were the size of chickens. Length in southern Germany and in Southeast France of Cosmognatus (Lane. Elegant jaw) and a little learned herbivorous phabrosauro from the pcs. Colorado, USA, from the tip of the nose to the tip of the tail was 70-75 cm. The first weighed about 3 kg, and the second is 6.8 kg.

The largest skull

... owned by Torosaur. This was a giant bone shield around the neck, there was a length of about 7.6 m and weighed to 8 tons. The length of his skull, together with the bone jab, reached 3m, and weight-2 tons. He dwell on the territory of the current states of Montana and Texas, USA.

Stegosaur
The stentor, who lived in the chalk period, had a body length of about 9 m; Was her herbivore.

The biggest traces were
... Gadroesaur (WKonosa). They were discovered in 1932 in Salt Lake City, pcs. Utah, USA, this major dinosaur moved on the hind legs. The length of its traces is 136 cm, and the width is -81 cm. In other messages from Colorado and Utah, the traces of whose width reached 95-100 cm. The width of the traces, apparently, the hind limbs of the largest brachiosaurov reaches 100 cm.

Triceratops.
Triceratops - reptile, externally resembling rhino, lived in the chalk period, had a body length of about 7 m; He lived in North America; Was her herbivore.

The most weak dinosaurs

... These are Ornithitomides. The PolecanimimiM dinosaur has more than 220 very sharp teeth.

The longest claws
... belong to the terizinosales found in the Nekt, Mongolia pool, in lateral sediments. Their length on the outer curvature reached 91 cm (compared with 20.3 cm at Tyrannosaurus Rex). This dinosaur had a fragile skull and there was no teeth. He fed, probably termites. The second challenger is spinosaurus. In January 1983, William Walker's Paleontolog is a lovedist near Dorking, gr. Surrey, England, was found claw long 30 cm. It is assumed that he belonged to the spinosaur, the total length of which exceeded 9 m, the approximate weight was 2 tons.

Speed \u200b\u200bmovement

Dinosaur trails can be used to assess their speed. One trail found in 1981 on the territory of the list. Texas, USA, makes it possible to conclude that a certain carnivorous dinosaur could move at a speed of 40 km / h. Some ornithithymps ran even faster. For example, having a big brain 100-kilogram Dromiceiomimus, who lived on the territory of the current Averat, Canada, at the end of the Cretaceous period, could probably overtake ostrich, which develops speed over 60 km / h.

Herbal lizard with hole in the skull

The bones of the new type of dinosaur Suuwassea Emilieae were excavated in Montana in 1999 and 2000. This herbivore dinosaur is 150 million years. He is a relative of the well-known diplodok. An animal length was 15 meters. He had a long neck and a suitable tail, as well as a mysterious unnecessary hole in the skull. His appointment is unknown. Moreover, a similar unnecessary hole was previously discovered from two types of dinosaurs found in South America and Africa.

The most sound dinosaur

In the non-flying dinosaurs - Troodontids, the brain mass in relation to the mass of the body was such that, perhaps, this dinosaurs were the most smart, the same as the smartest birds.

Brain with walnut
The string in length reached 9 meters, but his brain weighed 50 - 70 g was the magnitude of everything with walnut. This was 0.002% of the mass of its body, which was estimated by 3.3 tons. Stegosaurh lived about 150 million years ago on the territory of the current states of Colorado, Oklahoma, Utah and Wyoming, USA.

Plesiosaur
Plesiosaur - a marine animal with a long neck, who lived in the chalk period, had a body length of 16 m; He dwells in Europe, North America; lived in the sea; It was carnivorous and fed on fish and sea invertebrates.

Predators were smaller

Dinosaurs predators were smaller and moved on the hind limbs. The largest of them was the tyrannosaurus, a height of 5-6 meters and 12 m long. His mouth was 1 m long. For one sat, he could swallow production weighing 200 kg. Tyrannosaurs are the most terrible land predators in the history of the planet. Adults weighed about 5-6 tons, and therefore were 15 times heavier than the largest modern predator - a polar bear. The dinosaur, who launched 65 million years ago, was the largest land predator of all time.

How many years did the tyrannosaur live?
Tyrannosavra - the most terrible land predators in the history of the planet - died with young. The predator quickly grew, gaining two kilograms a day, like a modern African elephant. How did they manage to grow to such sizes? Some experts believed that they slowly grew all their lives, others - that they rapidly grew in youth, and then the speed of increasing the size slowed down, like birds and mammals. That all these creatures by the time of death were from two to 28 years. Animals crossed the strongest on the 14-18 years of their lives, in the future maintaining the amount achieved.

Pernated tyrannosaur

The ancestors of the tyrannosaurus were covered with small rugs, and not naked skin. The skeleton of ancestor, about 130 million years old, is the most ancient representative of the kind of tyrantozavirov, and so far the only one whose "pernost" is not doubtful among paleontologists. It was somewhere and a half meters from the nose to the tip of the tail. However, he walked on the hind paws and was a formidable predator - for herbivore dinosaurs of smaller sizes. The Tyrannozavr himself was unlikely to be covered with feathers - he would have interfered with him more than they helped, because of the larger sizes, it was more important to give it to the surrounding world excessive heat in order not to overheat. However, his "chicks" could hatch from eggs, covered with some analogue of the fluff, and lose it as slow predators

The largest predator in the world of dinosaurs was probably quite slow.
Tyrannosaur Rex could not accelerate to speed more than 40 km / h, although many scientists believe that it was capable of carrying almost twice faster. Scientists have made their own conclusions on the basis of a computer model of a six-path lizard.

What did the tyranno-supplies eat?
The dimensions of the tyrannosaurus constituted problems for these animals - becoming more, they most likely gradually lost the ability to quickly move. Young minor animals could develop speed up to 40 kilometers per hour, but as soon as the weight became more tons, it became impossible for biomechanical reasons. So if this animal was a predator, not a padeller, it seems to be a mystery, as he managed to extract enough food to support the gigantic growth rate of the body. Perhaps the ecosystem of the Jurassic period produced enough fell - and the tyrannosales simply did not need to actively hunt. Fallen around was abound. So it was unclear whether the tyrannosaurians were predators, or were eaten by the benefit of Padalu?

Tyrannosaur
The Tyrannosaurus, who lived in the chalk period, had a body length of about 14 m; He dwells in Asia, North America; This is the largest ever existing carnivorous ground animal.

Four-colored lizard
In the north-east of China, four-roll dinosaur MicroRaptor GUI lived. It is assumed that he could perform short planning flights from a tree on a tree. Its length from the head to the tail is only 77 cm, but it is precisely it is the most rare of all the detected species of dinosaurs. One of the most valuable finds are the remains of a four-roll carnivorous dinosaur, called the "GUI microarch", which were discovered last year in the Chinese province of Liaoning. According to scientists, this type of dinosaur is the last missing link in the evolutionary picture of the transformation of lizards in birds.

Powerful bite
The tyrannosaurus did not just dug his teeth into the body of the victim, as they do today, say, lions. He quickly and easily proxicated on a large depth of muscles, cartilage and even thick bones, and then pulled large pieces of flesh from the victim. Right bones went to food with meat. The tyrannosaurus had a very strong skull and jaw. And the most amazing thing is that the monster has also a whole system of depreciation system of shock loads. In particular, in contrast to most animals, some bones constituting the skull, the tyrantosaurus retained some mobility relative to each other. Connecting fabrics helped dispel impact energy. Of course, such a sharp 15-centimeter teeth also contributed to this method of nutrition of the tyrannosaurus.

How did the dinosaur breathe?

What was the effective amount of lungs with fossils, can be judged by studying the articulation between the spinal column and the ribs of the animal. The most ancient types of their kinds of respiratory system was substantially weaker than, for example, the tyrantosaurus of Rex and others who lived closer to the end of the Jurassic period. The chest of the latter possessed the best ability to expand. North America's early lizards were in a state of time to absorb forty percent less air than the late, who lived after the middle of the Jurassic period. As for the dinosaurs of South America, they have such a development much later.

Northern Dinosaur Hunting Strategy
There is an assumption that "Northerners" resorted to the "patrolling" of large territories, and then pursued their prey on very long distances. This hypothesis is based on the study of the chest predators, which allowed to easily absorb large volumes of air.

The largest eggs

put the titanosaurus. Hynelosaurus Priscus, a 12-meter Titanozavr, who lived about 73-65 million years (according to some data - 80 million years old). Egg fragments of this dinosaur were found in October 1961 in the Durance River Valley, France. It can be assumed that in general its dimensions were 30 cm long and 25.5 cm in diameter (capacity - 3.3 l). Titanozavr himself weighed about 10 tons.

The biggest egg, ever deferred by a living thing belongs to the extinct Ateporinis Madagascar. The egg had a length of 24 cm and the volume of 11 liters.