Metals and their alloys

Hello, friends! Today I suggest to consider some. We will try to cover all the possibilities and characteristics of metals and highlight their main advantages and quality.

Metals and their alloys

Note:
The main material in the manufacture of various products is metal. Depending on the chemical and physical qualities, which it is endowed, the metal is used in almost all types of products and works.

Iron

Iron Not considered an ancient discovery of a person. It began to be performed only in the 13th century BC. It gradually deserved more and more significance not only in production, but even at the moment when we decided to build a house, apartment, bath, etc. Thanks to their excellent qualities, it was planned everywhere.

Usually it is not clean iron, but alloys are cast iron or steel.

Iron alloy with carbon

Alloy iron With a carbon content exceeding 2% - there is cast iron.

Note:

There are several species cast iron: Antifriction (ASF), heat-resistant (LCD, LSF, HIL), high-strength (HF), mackety (CC), white (BC) and gray (sch).

Cast iron It is almost no processing (and even more so) is distinguished by high fragility. The use of cast iron is very limited (it is used more often when casting).

Alloy iron With a content of less than 2% of carbon - steel. Steel varies in the amount of carbon content.
Delicate or small carbonistic grade steel (Carbon content does not exceed 0.3%) is more suitable for chasing or forging manually. Such a grade has become perfectly welding and meets the high step of curtains. Roughly gives away with hardening only highly low carbon steel (less than 0.1% carbon).

Structural or medium-carbon grade steel (combines up to 0.85% of carbon) is used for the production of most metal products. These alloys are perfectly amenable to hardening and forging, but very poorly welding.

Most hard high-carbon steel grade (The combination of carbon reaches up to 1.35%) is used to produce parts of mechanisms and tools that are susceptible to high wear. This steel is practically no longer and is well welding.

Steel For different crafts produced in the form of blanks, in production. But it is more profitable to use its details that came into disrepair. To find out to what variety there are detail, there are quite a few ways.

Write the detail with a file, split up to red and sharply cool in the water. If when repeated, it is easily felt - this is a small carbon steel. With difficulty - a combination of carbon more. You can define the varieties of steel and in sponsions from the emery circle. But it will be able to identify a large specialist. There are tables for which you can definitely find out the brand and even the content of additives.

Interesting:
Elementary metal profiles are considered to be rolled, pipes, sheets, wire and rods of different sections.

Sheet It is divided into thin-sheet and thick-leaf.
The edges of the sheet metal are best treated with a row obtained from the used havice canvase. Abrasive triangular bars are pulled out in the canvas angle cutout - a stroke is ready.

Steel tubes Produce seamless (solid) and welded (tweeters). The first are known as gas or steam tubes.

It is most convenient to cut a tin pipe - a cans knife. Going on with ordinary hacksaw.

Pipes from cast iron Usually used in water-sewer systems.

Wire May have several sections - square, round or rectangular. Its surface can be muttered, tinned, galvanized or uninsulated. Wire can also be elastic and soft.

Rod There are round, hexagon, square or flat cross section.

The art of independent preparation of light alloys can be very useful. The most important thing is to prevent metal overheating.

Metals and alloys

The most common types of metals and alloys are: - copper, bronze, brass, aluminum, zinc, lead, tin, chrome, nickel, nezilber and Melchior.

Light alloys

For various crafts, both clean copper is usually used (that is, red) and different light alloys. Red copper Great for chasing, very daking, easily processed by different chemical elements, which gives obtaining different shades of color. Also, red copper is perfectly polished and polished, characterizes a high confrontation against corrosion.

Minus red medium Bad weldability is considered (cooked only by special electrodes) and fast oxidation on open air masses, in view of which the original gloss of red copper is lost.

Note:
When contacting the air with copper, the latter is oxidation and takes a dark red shade. And under the influence of moisture is covered with a characteristic green color - patina.

Bronze It is formed when fusing tin with copper. The billets are more solid and durable from it than from copper itself. Bronze is great for casting and forging. Finished bronze alloy, you are unlikely to find on sale. Therefore, the masters more often mined it.

Brass - zinc alloy with copper. In blacksmithing business, brass is used with separate alloying elements: aluminum, nickel, lead, etc.

Brass is better polished and cuts than red copper. It is perfectly covered with gold, silver, nickel. But brass in plasticity is inferior to copper.

On a note:
Brand Brass is qualified by different percentage of red copper - L72 - 72%, L66 - 66%. For interchange billets, it is recommended to use alloys with the highest copper content.

Aluminum - Lightweight, soft metal light silver color. Its density is three times lower than that of steel. Aluminum, and in particular its alloys (high-strength construction, technical deformed, duralumin, etc.), which are widely used in light industry, are perfectly processed under normal conditions.

Zinc It has a silver-blue shade. When exposed to oxygen is covered with matte film. It protects metal from corrosion. Zinc is more often used to protect various ferrous metals from corrosion (galvanized).

Lead - Soft, plastic and at the same time heavy metal. Resistant to the effects of acids. It is often used to produce low-melting solders and in the electrochemical industry.

Tin - Plastic and soft metal light silver color. Used to form anti-corrosion coatings. Resistant to food acids and therefore widely used in the manufacture of covers, canned cans, etc.

Chromium - metal light blue. It has excellent anti-corrosion properties and high hardness. Products made of cast iron or steel coated with chrome are very effective.

Nickel - Light silver metal. But in contrast to chromium has a gentle yellowish tint. More resistant to aggressive environments. As the chromium is widely used to protect the decorative coatings of metals - nickel.

Nezilber and Melchior It is formed by fusion of copper and nickel. The presence of copper in them is quite high - 82% and 66%, respectively. Because of this, they differ in good plasticity.

During the treatment of acetic lead and sodium hyposulfate, various shades are given. The surfaces of these metals are perfectly polished and carry a number of other important features.

On this, I finish the article . Next time I propose to consider the properties and. It will also be interesting, so. To new meetings.