Canada. Canada. The composition of the territory. Political system. Canada's place in terms of territory: Area: Area: 9,976,140 km². Population: Population: 33. - presentation

Canada. Canada. The composition of the territory. Political system. Canada's place in terms of territory: Area: Area: km². Population: Population: pers. Capital: Capital: Ottawa.

COMPOSITION OF CANADA Canada is currently divided into 10 provinces and 3 territories. The newest administrative unit of Canada is the territory of Nunavut (created in 1999). Total length of the land border Total length of the land border – km. The length of the borders with the United States - km (including Alaska - km). Coastline - km.

Formally, Canada is a constitutional monarchy, but in fact it is a federal democratic state with a parliamentary form of government. The English king (queen) is formally the head of state. The main current constitutional law - the British North America Act of 1867 (repeatedly supplemented) was adopted by the British Parliament; civil rights and freedoms are regulated by the 1960 law. According to the form of the state devices Canada is a federation. The functions of the head of state are performed by the Governor-General, appointed by the English King on the advice of the Prime Minister of Canada. Under the Governor-General there is a Privy Council (130 people), which includes members of the royal family, ministers, speakers of the chambers of parliament, etc. The highest legislative body is the parliament, which consists of 2 chambers. The government of Canada is the cabinet, which consists of the prime minister and ministers - the heads of the leading ministries (defense, foreign affairs, finance, trade and industry). Government of Canada Head of State - Queen Elizabeth II Governor-General Mikael Jean (since 2005) Prime Minister Stephen Harper (since 2006)

Population of Canada 1. Population Canada ranks 37th in the world in terms of population (persons). Average density - 3.29 people / km² Annual population growth - 1.2%. According to statistics, the average family size in Canada is 3.1 people, which includes 1.3 children. Family size has remained unchanged since 1991. The percentage of the population is as follows: at the age of 0-5 years - 6.33%; 5-19 years old - 20.14%; years - 39.53%; years - 21.7%; over 65 years old - 12.3%. The average life expectancy is 79.4 years (men - 76 years, women - 83 years).

3. Religious composition Canadians practice a large number of religions. According to the latest census, 90% of Canadians consider themselves Christians, and the rest of the population (10%) professes religions other than Christianity (most often Islam, except Judaism, Hinduism and Sikhism).

A similar proportion exists in urban areas concentrated along the Quebec-Windsor corridor (specifically the Toronto-Hamilton, Montreal, and Ottawa-Gatineau metropolitan areas), the British Columbian Continental Plains (from the Vancouver area to the end of the Fraser River Valley), and the Calgary- Edmonton in Alberta. 4. Population distribution Three-quarters of Canada's population lives in a narrow strip along the border with the United States, 160 km wide and km long. Here, every 9 out of 10 people live within 160 km from the southern border of the United States. This circumstance is connected both with the more severe natural conditions of the northern regions, and with late colonization, the orientation of economic ties with the United States, and the poor development of transport in the north.

PRIMARY SECTOR Animal husbandry. Livestock. The main industry is meat and dairy farming, which provides over 60% of the value of agricultural products. In some areas of Canada, large-scale commodity farms (ranches) arose - real "meat factories". Plant growing. Plant growing. Agricultural land covers approximately 7% of Canada. More than three-quarters of this area used for growing agricultural products is located in the provinces of the Central West of the country. These provinces produce mainly wheat, of which Canada is one of the world's largest producers.

PRIMARY SECTOR Fishing Fishing is the oldest economic activity in Canada. The main objects of fishing are mainly crayfish, lobsters, shrimps, salmon and carps. Forestry. Forestry. About 40% of Canada's surface is covered by taiga, which makes it the largest exporter of timber (and its derivatives) and one of the largest paper producers in the world. These products are intended both for the domestic market and for the United States, which is the main buyer.

SECONDARY SECTOR Processing industry. Manufacturing industry. Ontario and Quebec produce over 75% of all industrial products manufactured in Canada, while Toronto and Montreal are the country's main manufacturing centers. Automobiles, trucks, auto and aircraft parts are the main products manufactured in Canada; followed by industrial food processing. Canada has no car or truck manufacturing facilities. Instead, American and Japanese automobile companies make their cars in Canada. Some of the cars are intended for the Canadian market, but most of them go to the USA. On the other hand, Canada is the world leader in aircraft and metro trains.

SECONDARY SECTOR Construction industry Canada's construction industry is primarily concentrated in the main cities of the country, where numerous immigrants settle daily. These are the cities of Calgary, Edmonton, Montreal and especially Toronto. This industry is very developed in Toronto where many buildings and skyscrapers are under construction or design. Toronto is the second city in the world in terms of skyscraper construction activity, slightly inferior to Shanghai in this.

SECONDARY SECTOR Mining industry. Mining industry. Canada is one of the largest producers of aluminium, copper, iron, nickel, gold, uranium and zinc. (Ontario, Quebec, Newfoundland, Labrador, British Columbia, New Brunswick). Saskatchewan's uranium reserves are the largest in the world. The diversity and unemployment of Canada's minerals make it one of the world's largest exporters of mining products. However, oil and natural gas remain the two most important mineral resources.

THE TERTIARY SECTOR The tertiary sector The tertiary sector accounts for over 67% of Canada's GDP. Public, commercial and personal services, including education, healthcare, hospitality and leisure, account for 22% of Canada's GDP and are the country's largest source of income. The second largest source of government revenue is financial transactions. Toronto and Montreal are the main financial centers of Canada. Toronto is home to the country's main stock exchange, the Toronto Stock Exchange, the second most active in America and the sixth largest in the world. Toronto Montreal

TERTIARY SECTOR Transport. Transport. Canada has all types of transport, while maintaining the traditional role of water transport for this country along inland waterways, primarily on the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River. In terms of the length of railways, Canada is second only to Russia and the USA (over 71 thousand km), there are more than 750 thousand km of roads here, including over 600 thousand km of paved roads (2nd place in the world after the USA) . The length of oil pipelines is over 25,000 km, gas pipelines are about 90,000 km. Huge distances, uneven territories and a sharp change in climatic zones were the reasons for the development of civil aviation in Canada.