Research project "The life and traditions of the peoples of Khanty"
THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District - Ugra
City Shock
municipal autonomous preschool educational institution Kindergarten combined type "Sunshko"
Competition of educational and creative work
"Youth in science"
Direction:
Socio-humanitarian
"The life and traditions of the peoples of Khanty"
pupil of the Rosinka group
Maja Sergeevna Maja Polakova
Scientific adviser:
educator MADOU DSCV "Sunny"
Hasanagayeva Fayza Abdulwagabovna
2016
Content
Annotation……………………………………………………………………………....
Research Plan .............................................................................. ..
Work description………………………………………………………………………..
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Applications ........................................................................................
"The life and traditions of the peoples of Khanty"
annotation
The life of the peoples of the North Khanty and Mansi are unique and distinguished by identity. Does everyone know that it is unique and what? In the lesson at acquaintance with the surrounding, it turned out that not all the children of senior preschool age know about the life and traditions of the peoples of the North. These delusions were an incentive in order to explore this question in more detail.
Relevance: We were born and growing in the Ugra Earth. Each of us grows the need to know the edge in which we live. By visiting our local history museum, we learned about the life of the indigenous population of the North Khanty and Mansi. We have awakened interest in a deeper study of the native land. We wanted to learn about the peoples of Khanta, as this Ugric people arose. How they live and what traditions of the indigenous peoples of the North. After the study, we wanted to illustrate the life of these peoples themselves.
Hypothesis: We know little about how the peoples of Khanty and Mansi live.
Purpose: to expand the ideas of children about the life of the peoples of Khanty and Mansi, their life, traditions, culture; develop cognitive and creative abilities of children; Reliable respect for the indigenous peoples of Ugra, patriotic feelings.
Tasks:
1. Learn the story of the origin of the peoples of Khanty and Mansi. Get acquainted with the indigenous people of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug.
2. Get to know the way of life, traditions, the culture of indigenous peoples of the North.
3. To introduce the ornament of indigenous peoples, teach children to draw some patterns.
4. Enrich the vocabulary of pupils: Narts, Malitsa, Kisos, Chum, Labaz, Visrics, Akan, etc.
5. Reliable respect for the culture of the peoples of Khanty and Mansi.
As part of the study, the following were used.methods and techniques of work:
Literature study
Interview,
Collection of information.
Output: We often hear the word of the motherland. What is it? Some may say that the homeland is a place where it was born and grew. Others will answer that this is a native house where he took the first step, said the first word. For myself, we concluded that Despite the fact that Khanty and Manci treat small peoples, they make a huge contribution to the development of the culture of our region.Thanks to this project, we could independently find answers to numerous questions. This project has taught us to preserve to love your native land, respect the culture and traditions of the indigenous peoples of the North.
Research Plan
Stages of the project:
Preparatory stage
The purpose of the goal and the development of the content of the educational process.
Selection of fiction, photo materials, audio and video on the topic, musical works.
The main stage.
History of Khanty
Hunting clothes (men's and women's)
Customs and traditions,
Khanty utensils
Dwelling Khanty
Reading fiction on the topic: Khanty fairy tales
Painting.
"Ornaments and patterns" "
Applique
"Hare ears"
View illustrations in books, photos and video materials, memorizing poems.
Reading a fairy tale.
View "Pike" cartoons, "Bayun", "boastful mouse"
Registration of the Khanty Corner ..
3. Transcurative stage.
Literary works "Cat", "Three Sons"
Presentation of the project.
Exhibition of the Khanty Corner.
Stopping the Khanty Fairy Tale "Cat"
3. Description of work
In our group, the "Khanty Corner" was organized. Create corner helped caregivers, parents and children. Children of our group found out the history of Khanty. Learned a lot about the traditions and customs of the Khanty People. Also at the exhibition, the children learned that the clothes of the Khanty sews from deer skins that not all Khanty live in the city, but there are still live in the forest.During the design of the Khanty Corner, the children also became acquainted with the khanty ornaments, patterns, homemade utensils. Find out that women's clothing embroidered beads. I got acquainted closer with the design of the plague, they found out that he was. Children also learned that Khanty is engaged not only by reindeer herding, but also fishing and hunting. We got acquainted with food kantov closer, found out that Khanty in food use a large number of fish and deer meat. Great joy of children delivered the fitting of the tenth clothing, while setting the khanty's fairy tale "Cat." Also visited the local history museum, where we were presented with great information about Khanta, as they live, what they do.
The history of the peoples of Khanty.
Khanty, Hunt, Hande, CantEk ("Man") - People in the Russian Federation. Until the beginning of the 20th century, the Russians called Khanty's khanty (perhaps from "asthma" - "the people of a big river", even earlier, up to the 14th century - Yugrey, Yugrychi. The basis of the formation of the people of the Khanty is the culture of the aboriginal tribes of the Urals and Western Siberia, hunters, fishermen and pastoral Ugric tribes that came in the second half of the second millennium BC of the era of the steppes. Southern Siberia and Kazakhstan. In the second half of the first millennium, the main groups of Khanty, separated from the lower Obi in the north to the Barabinis steppes in the south, are held. Before the arrival of the Russians in Siberia Khanty were the tribes, then the unions of the tribes - the principality. In 1930, the Khanty-Mansiysk national (now autonomous) district was created. They say Khanty in Khanty language. Writing was also established in 1930 on the basis of the Latin alphabet, and in 1937 - Russian.
Indigenous small peoples of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug Khanty and Obry. The tongue of kantov belongs to Ugric. The number of kantov - 22, 3 thousand people. Currently, Khanty and Mansi live in the Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamaloetskoye autonomous districts of the Tyumen region,
Life of the indigenous peoples of the North
Marriage and family
The chapter in the family of Khantov and Mansi is a man, and the woman has fallen in many ways to him. A log house built a man, and a woman erected from the lungs of the poles. Women did dishes from Berestov, and from the tree a man. Men, if necessary, can make food themselves. In modern young family, everything more often husbands help their wives in heavy work - water delivery, firewood. When a new man appeared in the Khanty family, four mothers were waiting for him here. The first mother - which gave birth, the second - who took the birth, the third - the one that was the first to raise the child, and the fourth - the godfather mother. The child had two cradle - this is a bark box and a wooden with a birch spindy.
Housing
The life of the communal-Ugric peoples since ancient times was adapted to the difficult conditions of the North. The traditional dwelling in winter is rectangular condensed houses or houses in the form of a pyramid, often with an earthwood roof. Winter buildings with an open global focus-crust or an iron stove were heated. In the summer there were frame birchy houses and plague of deer skins. How many houses has one khanty family? Hunters - Rybalov have four seasonal settlements. Any construction is called "Cat, hot", the definitions are added to this word - birch, earthy, making up. Hunters in winter during the fishery lived in the forest in the hut. Olenevoda, nomads with flocks of deer, lived in overheads in the plaggers, in winter covered deer skins, in summer from Beresta. Fishermen lived in the plagifies. About 30 typical residential buildings are numbered in Khantah and Mansi, among them sacred barns, houses for the feminine.
The buildings were spread: residential house (winter and summer), one or more household barns, cavities for storing property, globitate baking bake under a canopy, an open summer hearth, hung for drying nets, for riding fish, sometimes dog houses.
Khanty Izba
Khanty Chum
home stuff
Tableware, furniture, toys were made of wood. Every man had her own knife, and learn to treat him the boys began very early. A huge number of things were made from Beresta. Ten methods of material ornamentation were used: scraping, embossing, openwork thread, applique, coloring and others.
clothing
The Khanty and Mansian craftsmen sewed clothes from various materials: reindeer fur, bird skins, flies, sheepskins, ridewings, cloth, spectal and linen canvas, cotton fabric. From the threads of the belt belt and garters for shoes, and hangers knitted socks. Local needleformen skillfully decorated with clothes, embroidered beads. In fur clothing, white and dark colors are combined, finishing with colored cloth (red, green). In summer, the traditional costume of women's clothing was dresses, swing bathrobes (satin or cloth). In winter, they dressed deaf clothes from deer skins double fur coats (jagushka, sahs) and kisos, on the head - handkerchief, a large number of jewelry (rings, beaded necklaces). Men's clothing - shirt, pants. Men in winter also dressed deaf clothes: Malitsa and geese (socces) with a hood, kisa.
Food of indigenous peoples
The main food of Obzhrug is considered to be fish, it is consumed year-round in cheese, boiled, dried, smoked, dried, fried and salty form. In the summer, the ear is boiled, the dove is fried, smokyat, knit and salted fish. In winter, the favorite Kushann will be Stroganin (Patanka) - fresh-frozen fish. For the winter, smoked fish (hams), dried (wrap, EXUL). Of the dried fish, the portors - fish flour from which is boiled, baked bread, adding into flour, often mixed with dried and fresh berries. Pares are abdominal, white fish. In the summer of clean guts, caviar and grooves make cooking with boiled fish and berries, especially with a crowded cherry. No and in the preparation of fish Khanty and Mansi are not used.
The second food product Khanty and Mansi - meat. Reindeer meat and moose are eaten with raw, boiled, fried, dried and smoked. The delicacy is raw and ice cream liver, raw warm blood buzz, bone marrow. Meat is boiled in large boilers, they usually eat half. Eating rigging and bearish meat, but only boil without salt. The trunnel meat is blank, foiled fat.
In summer, eat berries in food. Dry cherry, currants, blueberries. The crumpled cherry is mixed with flour, bake cakes, eaten with fish fat or cooking. Mushrooms were not used in food, considering them unclean.
Hunting
The hunting fishery was divided into meat (on a large beast or bird) and fur. The main role was played by fur fishery, in the first place whose protein was stood, and in the distant past - sable. Borovoy birds mined traps, the birds and a gun were hijacked. The main hunt for Borovoy game was held in the fall, and on the waterfowl hunted in the spring and summer.
Fisheries
Khanty and Mansi settled along the rivers and knew the river was not worse than the forest. Fisheries was and remains one of the main branches of the economy. With the river Khanty and Mansi are connected with childhood and for life. Major fishing fish on Obi and Irtyshe: Muksun, Nelma, sturgeon, cheese, sterlet, pike, is.
Reindeerness
Khanty and Mansi began to engage in reindeer herding from 13-15th centuries, studying this lesson from the northern neighbors - Nenets. Deer replace them with all pets: sheep, cows, horses. Deer Stubbing serve as a means of movement for the peoples of the North. The skin of the deer is the material for the development of national culture - they sew clothes (Malitsa, Kisos) from it, make various souvenirs. Heavy dwelling. From horns, various tools are manufactured, used in costelistics, in the manufacture of medication. One reindeer breeding state farm is available in Berezovsky and Beloyarsky districts, their herds have 20 thousand heads. In the rest of the deer areas are mainly in personal subsidiary farms.
Means of transport
Main transport - boat. The life of Khanty and Mansi is so closely connected with water that they are difficult to imagine without a drone boat, called region or regions. Typically, areas made from aspen, but if it was dragged on land, cedar was used, as it is easier and not wet in water.
Skiing
Winter for movement was used by skis. Walking studied from 6-7 years. The basis of the skis was made of pine, cedar or ate wood. Skis from one wooden part was called Golitsa, and where the sliding part was glued to the fur from the casus of a deer or moose - the tops.
Sled
Main transport in winter - narts - manual (doggy), or deer. Manual Nart - used by Khanty everywhere. General outlines: Double-tapping, long, narrow, trapezoidal in cross-section on one line with soldered.
Traditional and religious views
Religion - Orthodoxy. At the same time, traditional beliefs are preserved. In the indigenous peoples of Siberia, a bear cult is developed, in the past each family kept the Bear Skull in the house. Hunting moose (symbol of wealth and well-being), frogs (gives family happiness and well-being), frogs (gives family happiness, children), looking for support from trees, worship fire, strong ideas about the world-owned spirits, which were depicted in the form of idols. The wolf was considered the creation of an evil spirit of Kul.
Musical instruments
SanchlTap (Mans. - Ringing) The musical instrument in the form of a boat has more than five strings. Made from aspen. Most often, he sounds at a bear holiday. Pure female instrument Narkas - Youth and SanchlTap, Tomran (bone with a vein) It is usually manufactured by a local master.
Literature
1. Yugoria: Encyclopedia of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. In 3 tons - Khanty- Mansiysk: 2000
2. Kray native: alphabet of localism. - Ekaterinburg: 2001
3. Ugra: Regional Magazine, 2003 - 2013
4. Formation of ethical self-consciousness in preschoolers based on the traditions of the North. - Khanty - Mansiysk: 2002
5. Internet resources:
- Xant.. net.. ru/
- Ru/ Wikipedia.. org./ wiki./ Khanty
