How to get the highest possible score on the Unified State Exam in social studies if your work was subjectively not correctly verified? You need a recommendation from an expert who thoroughly understands the procedure and the subject!

Every year, FIPI transforms the tasks of the Unified State Examination. Moreover, since 2015, these are not radical changes (then, for example, all test tasks for choosing one answer from part 1 disappeared). Rather dotted. Consider an example of one of them and analyze.

The first preliminary results of the USE 2017 in social science have been summed up. We, by tradition, invite you to familiarize yourself with the tasks that the graduates of this year had to solve, especially in the written part 2.

As you know, truth is born in a dispute! Therefore, the subjective verification by the USE experts of the tasks of part 2 of the USE in social science and its results can be challenged! Remember your rights, and we will tell you how to defend them and give an example!

Have you already started preparing for the USE 2017 in social studies? Then you cannot avoid the experience of your predecessors! We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the tasks of the USE in 2016 - solutions and answers. As always, we have at our disposal the real tasks of the written part 2, and their analysis by the expert Kotsar Evgeny Sergeevich.

“If you have an apple and I have an apple, and if we exchange these apples, then you and I have one apple each. And if you have an idea and I have an idea and we exchange ideas, then each of us will have two ideas”!!! And what if there are more of us and we will help each other prepare for the Unified State Examination in Social Studies 2016??

The field, the duel, are all historically state-sanctioned ways to determine justice when it cannot be done otherwise. Verbal dispute, appeal! How many such fights took place across the country in the fight for USE-2015 points in social studies! Some of them are our story.

Did you know that saying "Life is short, art is eternal!" did the great Hippocrates, the founder of modern medicine, mean not artistic creativity, but the art of healing? He said that the art of a doctor cannot be mastered in a lifetime. We don’t have a whole life to master the topic “The Art of Assignment” of the Unified State Examination, so let's start analyzing them!

“The higher the culture, the higher the value of labor,” said the German economist Wilhelm Roscher. I propose to solve a number of tasks in preparation for the Unified State Examination 2015 in social studies and evaluate our abilities in understanding this important topic. Our work today is the key to success in the exam in social science tomorrow!

Have you still not resolved the texts of the early exam in social science 2014 posted by FIPI? Do it as soon as possible, since there is a very high probability that these options or some of the tasks from them will be in KIMs at the real exam. These are tasks from the closed FIPI segment!

Now we consolidate our knowledge! Let's perform several test questions of field A. On the topic of economic systems and economics. This is the most difficult block of the exam in social studies.

Lesson development (lesson notes)

Secondary general education

Attention! The site administration site is not responsible for the content of methodological developments, as well as for the compliance of the development of the Federal State Educational Standard.

Task 25

What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "society"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make up one sentence containing information about all areas of public life, and one sentence containing information about the role of the family as a social institution.

Answer:

1. The first sentence is a definition of the concept, revealing its broad and narrow meaning. We give the learned definition. Society is a part of the material world isolated from nature, but closely connected with it, which includes forms of association of people and ways of their relationship.
2. The second sentence is about the spheres of society. It usually assumes knowledge of the classification of the concept, so a simple enumeration is sufficient. It is customary to distinguish the following spheres of public life: political, economic, social, spiritual.
3. The third sentence is about the role of the family. Functions, meaning are assumed under the role. The family as a social institution plays the role of an agent of the primary socialization of the individual. (or the family performs important functions: socialization of the individual, reproductive, recreational, economic, educational, etc.)

Task 25

What is the meaning of social scientists invest in the concept of "legal responsibility"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences: one sentence containing information on the types of disciplinary sanctions in the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, and one sentence revealing the essence of the principle of humanism of legal responsibility.

Answer:

Obviously, the task involves a three-sentence answer.

1. A sentence that reveals the meaning of a concept. We write the learned definition. Legal responsibility is the application of measures of state coercion to the guilty person for the offense committed.
2. The second sentence is about the types of disciplinary sanctions. The logic of reasoning: the Labor Code of the Russian Federation defines the relationship between employees and the employer, which means that we are talking about the main punishments for the employee by the employer - remark, reprimand, dismissal. The Labor Code of the Russian Federation establishes the following types of disciplinary sanctions: remark, reprimand, dismissal.
3. The third sentence is about the principle of humanism.

We prescribe, based on knowledge of the meaning of the word humane - humane, or humanism - addressed to human problems.

The punishment of the guilty person does not pursue the infliction of physical suffering on him, the humiliation of his human dignity; punishment takes into account mitigating circumstances and motives of the offense, the possibility of probation.

Task 26

Name and illustrate with examples three rights of citizens aged 14 to 18 according to the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (excluding the rights of minors).

Answer:The answer requires a certain form of notation: first, the rights must be written, then, either through a colon or in brackets, an example-illustration is given.

Reasoning should begin with clarifying the following position: the Civil Code of the Russian Federation defines the property and closely related personal non-property rights of citizens.

1. At the age of 14 to 18, according to the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, minors have the right to independently manage their earnings, scholarships or other income (for example, Yegor, 15, who worked as a courier during the summer holidays, can buy a telephone with the money he earns);
2. They have the right to make deposits in credit institutions and dispose of them (Roman issued a bank card at Sberbank for 14 years),
3. Exercise the rights of the author of a work of science, literature or art, etc.

Task 26

Name three examples of possible measures aimed at solving the global problems of the modern world.

The answer requires a certain form of writing: first, according to the task, measures aimed at solving global problems should be prescribed, then in brackets, an explanation. At the same time, a spheral approach should be used: to recall global problems from different spheres of society, which will help to avoid repetitions in the answer.

Answer:

1. Informing society about the state of the environment, explaining the consequences of pollution and pollution prevention measures (contributes to solving environmental problems).
2. Carrying out a demographic policy in developing countries aimed at reducing the birth rate (this will help to avoid poverty, unemployment and other negative consequences).
3. Uniting states in the fight against international terrorism (a coordinated struggle will increase the effectiveness of preventing terrorist acts)

Task 27

“A true scientist should be not just impartial, but the most biased critic for what is dearest to him - his creative work, to which he devoted many days and nights of work, joy, inspiration. He should be, as it were, an enemy to himself - this is both a tragedy and the greatness of a scientist. N.N. Semenov. What is it about, what feature of science did he reveal? Explain his statement and name two other features of science.

Answer should consist of three semantic elements: they need to be designated.

1. Feature: objectivity.
2. Explanation: N.N.Semenov says that a great scientist should not only defend his work, but also criticize it. Thus, achieving the objectivity of the acquired knowledge.
3. Other features: validity, rationality.

Task 28

You are instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic "Family Budget". Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

General recommendations for writing a plan: 1. Since the assessment criteria have been clarified and it has been determined that the abstract-formal nature of the formulations should be avoided, I suggest that the children first write down the definition of the key concept. If the concept is given in the context of a broader concept, the relationship of concepts should be indicated. 2. In the second paragraph, indicate the signs of the indicated phenomenon, or its features, any elements of the content (composition). 3. Then turn to the disclosure of its main classification (types, types, forms, directions). 4. Prescribe general functions or role (meaning for ..., impact on society). 5. Determine ways to overcome the problem.

1. The family budget is a financial plan for the income and expenses of the family for a certain period of time.

2. Types of budget: deficit, surplus, balanced

3. Income part of the family budget

1. Wage
2. State benefits
3. Inheritance
4. Incidental earnings (winnings), etc.

4. The expenditure part of the family budget

1. Payment of utility services
2. Paying taxes
3. Food expenses
4. Expenses for clothing, etc.
5. Leisure activities

5. Functions of the budget: administrative, funded, economic, etc.

6. Features of family budget planning.

Task 28

You have been instructed to prepare a detailed response on the topic "Electoral Systems". Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

General recommendations for writing a plan: 1. Since the assessment criteria have been clarified and it has been determined that the abstract-formal nature of the formulations should be avoided, I suggest that the children first write down the definition of the key concept. If the concept is given in the context of a broader concept, the relationship of concepts should be indicated. 2. In the second paragraph, indicate the signs of the indicated phenomenon, or its features, any elements of the content (composition). 3. Then turn to the disclosure of its main classification (types, types, forms, directions). 4. Prescribe general functions or role (meaning for ..., impact on society). 5. Determine ways to overcome the problem.

1. The electoral system is a way of forming government bodies.

2. Types of electoral systems:

1. proportional
2. Majority
3. mixed

3. Signs of a proportional electoral system

1. Voting for a political party
2. Bloc of parties wins
3. There is a voice barrier for entering parliament

4. Signs of a majoritarian electoral system

1. The territory of the country is divided into single-member constituencies
2. Voting for a specific candidate
3. The candidate with the relative majority of the votes wins.

5. Advantages of the proportional system

1. Small parties can get a seat in power
2. Representatives of various social groups have the opportunity to take part in solving important state issues

6. Advantages of the majority system

1. Close connection between the candidate and his voters
2. Voting for a specific person

7. Disadvantages of the majoritarian electoral system

1. Two rounds of voting possible
2. Part of the voters is not represented in parliament (however, as well as under the proportional system)

8. The electoral system in the Russian Federation.

Task 29

These topics were referred to sociology, social psychology.

“To educate does not mean only to feed and nurse, but also to give direction to the heart and mind.” V.G. Belinsky

“A teacher is the person who must pass on to the new generation all the valuable accumulations of centuries and not pass on prejudices, vices and diseases” A.V. Lunacharsky

Economy:

“It is important to develop different technologies so that the economy does not depend heavily on oil, and to deal with the environment” S.M. Brin

"Consumers are the ultimate judges of innovation success and business success" R. Stroup, J. Gvartney

The exam in social studies consists of two parts, which in total contain 29 tasks.

First part contains 20 tasks with a short answer.

The answer to the tasks of the first part is given by the corresponding entry in the form of a word or phrase or a sequence of numbers written without spaces and separating characters.

Tasks 1-3 - conceptual tasks of the basic level - are aimed at testing the knowledge and understanding of the biosocial essence of a person, the main stages and factors of the socialization of the individual, the patterns and trends in the development of society, the main social institutions and processes.

Tasks 4–19 of the basic and advanced levels are aimed at testing the formation of skills:

• characterize from scientific positions, the main social objects (facts, phenomena, processes, institutions), their place and significance in the life of society as an integral system
• search social information presented in various sign systems (text, scheme, table, diagram)
• apply socio-economic and humanitarian knowledge in the process of solving cognitive tasks on topical social problems

The tasks of this group represent the traditional five thematic modules of the social science course:

1. man and society, including knowledge and spiritual culture (tasks 4–6)
2. economics (tasks 7–10)
3. social relations (tasks 11, 12)
4. politics (tasks 13–15)
5. law (tasks 16–19)

The second part contains 9 tasks with a detailed answer.

In the tasks of the second part, the answer is formulated and recorded by the examinee independently in expanded form. The tasks of this part of the work are aimed at identifying graduates with the highest level of social science training.

The tasks of the second part (21-29) together represent the basic social sciences that form the social science course of a secondary school (social philosophy, economics, sociology, political science, social psychology, jurisprudence.

Distribution of tasks by parts of the examination paper

Parts of work	Number of tasks	Maximum primary score	Job type
1 part	20	35	Short answer
part 2	9	27	Detailed response
Total	19	62

Time

Allotted for the examination work 3 hours 55 minutes.
Recommended time to complete various tasks:

• for each of tasks 1–3, 10: 1–4 minutes
• for each of tasks 4-9, 11-28: 2-8 minutes
• for task 29: 45 minutes

USE 2017. Social studies. Workshop. Part 2 tasks. Lazebnikova A.Yu., Rutkovskaya E.L.

M.: 2017. - 96 p.

The workshop on social studies is focused on preparing secondary school students for the successful passing of the Unified State Exam. The manual contains a detailed analysis of all types of tasks in part 2, several dozen tasks of a high level of complexity for practicing each type of task, as well as recommendations for completing tasks of a high level of complexity, an analysis of typical mistakes, answers and criteria for evaluating tasks in part 2. The book is intended for teachers, parents, tutors, as well as secondary school students for self-preparation for the exam.

Format: pdf

Size: 1.5 MB

Watch, download:drive.google

Content
Preface 4
Features of tasks of part 2 6
Tasks for working with text (21-24) 10
Characteristics of texts 10
Job Description 13
Common Mistakes 22
Test Yourself 27
How to work with text on exam 37
Training tasks 38
Disclosure of the meaning of the concept and its application in a given context (25) 46
Purpose of the assignment and assessment criteria 46
Common Mistakes 49
Tips and tricks 51
Training tasks „ 53
Tasks for concretization of theoretical positions (26) 54
Tasks-tasks (27) 59
Training tasks 70
Tasks for drawing up a plan (28) 75
Features of drawing up a plan on the proposed topic 75
Training tasks 77
Task 29 83
Social science essay: task specifics 83
Examples and comments 91

Part 2 is the most difficult part of the Unified State Exam in Social Studies. It contains tasks with a detailed, freely formulated answer, mostly of high complexity. The exception is tasks for texts 21 and 22, the purpose of which is to test not so much the level of knowledge of students as their ability to extract information from the presented text. At the same time, these tasks help in understanding the text and its subsequent analysis.
Tasks of a high level of complexity 23-29 are designed to test the breadth and depth of students' mastery of social science material and to identify the level of their intellectual skills. These tasks require the ability to give arguments, facts, examples to substantiate one or another theoretical position, to formulate one's own point of view, to connect theoretical knowledge and specific opinions and social situations. The same tasks also provide for the identification of the general erudition of students, the ability to use contextual knowledge, as well as knowledge of related humanitarian disciplines: history, literature, geography.
Task 29 completes the work - a mini-essay (essay) on one of the five topics, presented in the form of an aphoristic statement. Each essay topic is related to one of the six basic sciences of the social science course: philosophy, economics, sociology, and social psychology, political science or jurisprudence. Performing this task, the examinee selects the statement-topic. Having chosen a topic, a graduate can demonstrate his knowledge and skills on the content of the social science course that is most attractive to him.

Preparation for the OGE and the Unified State Examination

Secondary general education

Line UMK G. A. Bordovsky. Social Studies (10-11)

Line UMK G. A. Bordovsky. Social Studies (6-9)

USE in social studies: analysis of tasks with a teacher

We analyze tasks and build answers to the questions of the exam in social studies.

Almost half of all graduates of Russia choose the Unified State Examination in social studies every year - this is the most popular exam after the Russian language and mathematics. The reasons are clear - the results of this test are necessary for admission to many humanitarian specialties.

The exam consists of two parts, they contain 29 tasks: For the first 20 tasks (No. 1–20) it is necessary to give a short answer - choose the correct one from the proposed one, correlate the various options with each other, put in the missing word. The remaining 9 tasks (No. 21-29) must be answered in detail.

235 minutes are given to complete the work.

Exam Evaluation Criteria. The passing score for the exam is 19 primary points, for this you need to accurately complete the first 13 tasks.

Despite the fact that when evaluating the results, a hundred-point scale is used, many are interested in what kind of score on a five-point scale he received. Here is the equivalent: "satisfactory" - 42-54 points, "good" - 55-66 points, "excellent" - from 67 points.

Kis Romana Nikolaevna, teacher of history and social studies, 20 years of work experience:“Before starting the work, I recommend that my students read the entire text of the work in order to have a general idea of ​​the materials presented in the work. Under the conditions of brainstorming, the internal resource of the body is activated and with the further completion of tasks, the effect of novelty will be eliminated, the student will be ready to perceive each new task. As materials for work, we use a set of materials for preparing students in social studies FIPI USE 2017. Option No. 7.

See also: USE in history: we analyze tasks with a teacher



When performing this task, you should always look at the name of the table. In this case, the table is called "Factors of Production", it indicates one of the factors - the Earth, its characteristics are given. The main factors of production are known: land, labor, capital (physical and monetary), entrepreneurial abilities and information. We look at the specified characteristic - the activities of people, the use of mental and physical abilities obtained in the learning process, etc. refer us to such a factor of production as work. It is also important for students to keep in mind the factor income of each factor of production, this allows them to more accurately answer questions related to factors of production.

This task requires knowledge of a generic concept (in the question it sounds like a general concept). In this case, we see: abilities as individual characteristics of a person; worldview as a system of views, concepts and ideas of a person about the world and his place in it; character as certain properties and qualities of a person that affect the behavior of a person; interest as a conscious need that characterizes the attitude of people to objects and phenomena of reality. That is, when performing this task, it is recommended to mentally give an explanation to each concept. With this approach, it soon becomes clear that in this task the generic, i.e. generalizing for all these concepts will be the concept personalities- a set of socially significant properties and qualities, which will include abilities, interests, character and worldview.

In this task, we are asked about the social traits (qualities) of Galina. We remember that a person is biosocial, we remember what features of a person express his sociality (the most important personality traits: knowledge about the world and about himself, skills, social experience, moral values). Therefore, blond hair and brown eyes show the natural, individual features of Galina. But the fact that she is kind and sympathetic is the socially significant properties of her personality. Answer 2 is correct. The external attractiveness of a girl also indicates her individual characteristics, given to her by nature, as well as her height. But the fact that Galina is an honest person, and also friends with many of her classmates, shows how much she knows how to live and interact in society. So: 2,5,6.

We remember that an important element of market self-regulation is competition, and also do not forget the types of market competition and their essential characteristics (pure (free) competition, monopolistic, oligopoly, pure monopoly, monopsony). Considering first judgment, we cannot unequivocally say that the monopoly has only disadvantages. On the one hand, yes - the market mechanism shows a tendency to monopolize production, as collusion and mergers occur in order to protect against competitors. But we know about the sanitizing or health-improving function of the market. Under market conditions, unprofitable enterprises go bankrupt, the economy is freed from inefficient economic activity, and more powerful industries are strengthened and flourish. Therefore, it is difficult to unequivocally talk about the shortcomings of a monopoly. Second judgment right, because a monopolist, having no competitors, independently sets prices for its products. Therefore, the role of the state conducting antimonopoly policy is so important. Third judgment right. An oligopoly is characterized by the existence of several large firms in the market - from two to five, which control the bulk of the market. In the fourth sentence signs of pure (free) competition are given, when the price is set as a result of balancing supply and demand, and individual sellers cannot influence the price of the goods, so the answer is incorrect. Fifth judgment- correct, because In a monopsony, a single buyer dictates the price and quantity sold. Answer: 2,3,5.

When completing task 12 in the Unified State Exam in social studies, you need to carefully read the conditions of the sociological survey. In this case, they found out how many domestic and imported products are on the shelves of stores in their localities. The chart shows data for 2005 and 2015. Before reading the presented judgments, you should carefully study the diagram yourself. In 2005, the share of domestic and imported products, according to the respondents, was the same, and 40% of the respondents think so. Next comes the position - domestic products 30%. In 2015, half of the respondents chose the position - domestic products. A trend towards an increase in the share of domestic products was also observed in 2005. In both cases, the smallest choice of answer - I find it difficult to answer. Now look at the judgments presented in the answer options. First answer corresponds to the trend we identified: the share of those who noted that there are more domestic goods in stores has increased over 10 years. The answer is correct. Second answer- No. The proportion of those who responded with an increase in imported goods decreased rather than increased by 2015. Third answer true, since the proportion of those who noted an equal amount of domestically imported goods has indeed declined. Fourth answer- incorrect, the share of those who found it difficult to answer is less in 2005 than the share of those who answered about the dominance of imported goods. AND fifth answer correct, because we immediately, when analyzing the materials, revealed this trend - in 2015, half of the respondents answered that the share of domestic goods is higher than imported.

When completing task 16, it is necessary to recall the foundations of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation and especially the characteristics of the principle of political pluralism (a ban on the establishment of an official ideology, political diversity, freedom of political opinion and action, the opposition as the basis of a multi-party system). First position has nothing to do with political pluralism, since it reveals the principle of federalism in the Russian Federation - the equality of the subjects of the Russian Federation. Second, third and fourth positions reveal the essence of the principle of political pluralism. Fifth provision also reveals the principle of federalism of the Russian Federation - state integrity. Answer: 2, 3, 4.



Analyzing the materials of task 17, we highlight the basic concepts and norms related to criminal law. Article 2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation defines the tasks of criminal law. This is the protection of the most significant social relations (human rights and freedoms, property, public order and public safety, ensuring peace and human security from criminal encroachments). Means, first judgment about the protective function of criminal law would be true. Second judgment is also true, because a fine and life imprisonment are punishments provided for by the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Third judgment right, it reflects the main characteristics of criminal law as a branch of Russian law. Fourth judgment incorrect, since the principles of equality of the parties, property independence, independence, autonomy of will belong to private law - the Civil Law of the Russian Federation. Fifth judgment is incorrect - business turnover as a source of law refers to Civil Law.

Task 18 is related to Labor Law. Here one of the parties of labor relations is considered - the employer, his rights and obligations. The employer, when concluding a collective agreement with representatives of employees, is obliged to provide complete and reliable information necessary for concluding a collective agreement, reaching an agreement and monitoring their implementation. Answer A- duties. The employer has the right to require employees to fulfill their labor duties. Answer B- the rights. To ensure the working conditions provided for by law, as well as to compensate for the harm caused to employees in connection with the performance of their labor duties (the right of the employee to labor safety) are the obligations of the employer. Answers C, D- duties. Answer D- is the right of the employer - to conduct collective negotiations and conclude collective agreements.

Task 19 requires a clear knowledge of the grounds for obtaining citizenship of the Russian Federation on a general basis. Obtaining citizenship on a general basis means: continuous residence on the territory of the Russian Federation for 5 years, renunciation of the citizenship of another state (this position is indicated in the assignment - Jose Luis applied to the competent authority of state Z with a statement on renunciation of citizenship), the presence of a legal source of funds to existence, observance of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and legislation, knowledge of the Russian language. In this way, answers 2, 3, 5 are true.

When completing task 20, you first need to try to read the text and substitute the words yourself, this is how an understanding of the semantic content of the text is achieved, when reading again, refer to the list of available words. We try to read, inserting words that are close in meaning, then choose from those available in the task.

“Social control is the mechanism by which society enforces certain rules, violates (BUT) which is detrimental to the functioning of the social system (in this case, compliance with the rules, the violation of which is detrimental, shows the consequences of non-compliance with the rules). In this capacity, morality and law, customs (B), administrative decisions, etc. (here is a listing of the types of social norms). The action of social control is reduced mainly to the application of various sanctions. (IN) to violators of accepted social norms (it is logical that a sanction comes for violating social norms - an element of social control). At the same time, social control involves rewarding for compliance with (G) social norms (here are signs of social control - connection with sanctions - punishments for violation of norms and rewards for their observance).

Social control acts as an element of any management system (D) social process, as a feedback mechanism that ensures the execution of the commands of the governing body (this reflects the regulatory function of social control).

Social control can be found in the earliest societies. With the development of productive forces and the division of labor, the role of social control increases, and its social structure becomes more complex. Social institutions emerge (E) engaged almost exclusively in social control (for example, the judiciary).

Starting to complete tasks on the text 21-24, you should initially read the text very carefully and highlight the main semantic fragments of the text. Work the text with a pencil for maximum assimilation of the content.

Proceeding from Article 27, paragraph 2, the recognition of marriage as invalid is carried out by the court. According to paragraph 4 of Article 27, a marriage is recognized as invalid from the moment of its conclusion. A marriage is called fictitious if the spouses or one of them registered a marriage without the intention of starting a family.

Title of the article: "Cases where an invalid marriage is recognized as valid."

When it is written in the task to illustrate with an example, then it is necessary to give a specific example, a life situation.

Citizen N. and citizen D., having entered into a fictitious marriage, a year later gave birth to a son K. and are jointly engaged in his upbringing, lead a joint life, have a common family budget. They attend courses for young parents (in this example, we can observe how the fictitious conditions of marriage have grown into family ones).

The law considers the conscientious spouse to be one of the spouses whose rights have been violated by the conclusion of an invalid (fictitious) marriage. If we are asked to model a situation, this means that we must give specific examples illustrating the property rights of a conscientious spouse. Right to receive content. Citizen K., recognized by the court as a conscientious spouse after the court decision on the dissolution of an invalid (fictitious) marriage, was assigned by the court a maintenance in the amount of 30 thousand rubles a month from the person who entered into a fictitious marriage with her. Recognition of the terms of the marriage contract. After the marriage between citizen S. and citizen K. was declared invalid by the court, citizen S., recognized by the court as a conscientious spouse, was retained the right to shared ownership established under the terms of the marriage contract.

In order to answer this question, you need to understand what is the subject of family law: relations associated with marriage and termination of marriage; personal non-property and property relations between family members and here we will find a field for our assumption. Because the issues of raising children, the acquisition and division of property, and the provision of assistance to disabled family members are important here; relations arising in connection with the placement in a family of children left without parental care.

1. Equality of rights of spouses in the implementation of their interests. The Constitution of the Russian Federation guarantees men and women equal rights and freedoms and equal opportunities for their realization. Therefore, when concluding a marriage, the state guarantees spouses equal opportunities in the implementation of family and marriage relations. For example, conditions of marriage and circumstances preventing marriage.
2. Protecting the interests of disabled and underage family members. According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, motherhood and childhood, the family are under the protection of the state. Therefore, in case of dissolution of a marriage in which the spouses have minor children, the marriage will be dissolved in court, under the control of state power.
3. The priority of raising children. The state prioritizes the duty of parents to take care of the well-being and development of their children. In case of non-observance of the established procedure by the parents, the parents may be deprived of parental rights, here state coercion comes into force.

This task can be successfully completed only if you know the basic concepts of the course. A social institution is a historically established form of organizing the joint activities of people, realizing socially useful functions. The main social institutions in the economic sphere are property, banks, firms. Social institutions - family, kindergarten, school perform the most important function of social institutions - ensure the socialization of individuals.

1. Leads to the monopolization of production as protection against competition encourages collusion and mergers. In this situation, the state can, by force of its coercion, prohibit merger agreements, adopt antitrust laws, or impose economic sanctions on monopolists.
2. Does not guarantee the solution of socio-economic problems: unemployment, inflation, the State takes measures to regulate the amount of money in circulation, sets the interest rate, investment volumes, exchange rate. All these measures are aimed at fighting inflation. To combat unemployment, the state sets the minimum wage, the length of the working day and rest time, freezes prices in order to reduce the level of social tension in society.
3. Distributes economic benefits based on the results of competition leading to social inequality. State support for small and medium-sized businesses, which will create a healthy competitive environment and many jobs, redistribution of income to eliminate excessive social inequality, leveling the level of socio-economic development of regions.

Read each episode carefully and immediately find a fragment related to the form of the state. The head of state is elected by popular vote - we are talking about a republic. Adhering to a universally binding ideology is a sign of totalitarianism. Permanent state control over all spheres of society is a sign of totalitarianism. Extrajudicial persecution of opposition movements is a sign of totalitarianism. The state includes territories that do not have political independence - a sign of a unitary state. The components of the form of the state include: the form of government, the political regime and the state-territorial structure.

1. Form of government - republic (the Head of State is elected by popular vote);
2. Political regime - totalitarian;

The state-territorial structure is a unitary state (the State includes territories that do not have political independence).

To write a plan for any of the social science topics, it is necessary to clearly understand the structure of the study of the topic. Since, the plan is aimed at recreating the structure of the theme. The writing of the plan also depends on the quality of assimilation of the material of the topic, understanding of its structure. In this case, the theme of the plan is clear and transparent. We are talking about the most important social science phenomenon - socialization. It is important to reveal such a topic through the very characteristics of socialization, then show the stages of socialization, socialization agents, socialization functions, touch on the issues of resocialization and desocialization, and complete the plan with a problematic issue regarding the theme of the plan.

1. Socialization as a process of assimilation by an individual of the social norms and values ​​of society necessary for a successful life in society.
2. Stages of socialization:
A) primary (socialization of the child);
B) secondary (school, university);
C) final (socialization of an adult acquiring new social roles - husband, father, grandfather)
3. Socialization agents:
A) primary socialization (family, school, group of friends);
B) secondary socialization (university, army, church, media, etc.)
4. Socialization functions:
A) mastering the system of knowledge about the world, man, society;
B) gaining experience of interaction in society;
C) the assimilation of moral norms and values;
D) mastering skills, abilities, competencies
5. Processes of desocialization and resocialization.
6. The problem is the influence of the environment on the processes of socialization of a person's personality.

When writing an essay, first of all, it is necessary to clearly represent the sphere of society to which the chosen topic belongs. You should carefully read the proposed topics, analyze your knowledge base, understand on which of the topics you have a clearer understanding of the conceptual apparatus of the topic, on which of the topics you can give examples that are most relevant to the topic.

In this case, we choose a topic from the economics section. Read the quote carefully. We understand that the problem of limited resources is immediately raised, with unlimited (endless) human needs. In fact, the main question of economics sounds - how to satisfy the unlimited needs of a person with limited economic resources. The quote touches upon another problem - the impossibility of satisfying all human needs, which means the need to make a choice in favor of the most necessary goods. So, we go to the problems of a competent consumer.

Essay writing:

In this statement, the authors raise the most important economic problem - the limited resources necessary for the production of material goods. As you know, there are very few free goods, unlimited and available to all who need them, in nature. Economic benefits - the means necessary to meet the needs of people and which are at the disposal of society in a limited amount, cannot satisfy the endless human desires in full. Here we come to the main question of economic theory: how to satisfy the endless and growing needs of the population with limited material resources? The problem of limited resources leads society to the need to make a choice. The choice is made by producers of material goods, using the necessary resources, known to us as factors of production (land, labor, capital, entrepreneurial abilities, information). Each of these production resources has its own limitations. Thus, labor, as a factor of production associated with the activities of people in the production of goods and services through the use of their physical and intellectual capabilities, skills, can be limited by the size of the working population, territorial distribution or professional competencies. It is well known that land, as a factor of production, including all types of natural resources available on the planet and suitable for the production of material goods, is limited by the natural topography, the amount of suitable land needed for agriculture, or the presence and development of minerals and their exhaustibility. Physical capital will be limited by the level of scientific and technological development of society, and money capital - by the amount of money in circulation by the state and the level of inflation. Only 13% of the world's population has entrepreneurial abilities, this shows the rarity of their talent. Information as a factor of production will be at least limited by the level of science and education in a particular economic system. In addition to the main factors of production, such factors as the general culture of production and consumption, science, the state of morality, and the level of legal awareness play an important role in economic life. The manufacturer, relying on the initial available economic benefits, taking into account the costs of production - the costs of the producer for the acquisition and use of production factors and the amount of economic profit (the difference between the total revenue of the company and economic costs), which will allow assessing the possibility of the existence of the enterprise, will produce the product that will be the maximum beneficial to him in a competitive market.

An example is the Model N, the fifth model of the Henry Ford company, which has become a real bestseller in production and consumption. It was cheap and reliable, strong and unpretentious. In 1906, Ford managed to sell 2194 copies - a huge success by the standards of the early twentieth century. In America at that time, 485 American companies offered their products to consumers. The production technology was simple, but the average price of a car in the 1900s was $ 1,000 - fantastic money for that time. Henry Ford understood even then that the only way to win against competitors was to reduce prices. And he succeeded, Ford created not only a cheap, but also a reliable car that was in great demand among buyers. An example is the Mercedes company, which, during the global economic crisis of 2008-2010, abandoned the mass production of five-door expensive models and switched to the production of three-door models, which made it possible, first of all, to save jobs at the enterprise, not to close factories, located in the territories of other states. And save the consumer market.

Let us turn again to another part of the quote, which states that it is impossible to have everything that you want, so you have to choose. The problem of economic choice is important not only for the manufacturer, but also for the consumer. The willingness to acquire goods has two sides: desire and opportunity. Opportunity is associated with such an economic concept as demand - the willingness of the buyer to purchase goods and services at a certain price at a certain point in time and in certain quantities. In other words, demand expresses the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity that buyers are willing and able to buy. Non-price factors also have a great influence on the magnitude of demand. An example is the cosmetics market, which is traditionally one of the most dynamic and profitable sectors of the economy.

It is known that before the crisis of summer 1998 experts estimated the annual volume of the cosmetics market at 3 billion US dollars. After the crisis, this amount fell almost twice. However, the crisis made it possible for domestic producers to take the lead. As a result, there was an almost complete import substitution of goods of the middle price category. The non-price factor played its role here. After the crisis, domestic manufacturers were able to overcome the consumer stereotype “only imported cosmetics can be good”, offering customers a high-quality product. Today, the Russian cosmetics industry has excellent conditions for growth: the country has a developed chemical industry, a significant number of specialists and scientific laboratories. In addition, national traditions force women to spend significant amounts on maintaining beauty. The climatic conditions of Russia require special skin care, which creates additional opportunities for the manufacturer, but consumers always have the opportunity to make their choice.

*Since May 2017, the DROFA-VENTANA joint publishing group has been part of the Russian Textbook Corporation. The corporation also included the Astrel publishing house, the DROFA-new school equipment company for educational organizations, and the LECTA digital educational platform. Alexander Brychkin, a graduate of the Financial Academy under the Government of the Russian Federation, candidate of economic sciences, head of innovative projects of the DROFA publishing house in the field of digital education (electronic forms of textbooks, Russian Electronic School, LECTA digital educational platform) has been appointed General Director. Prior to joining the DROFA publishing house, he held the position of Vice President for Strategic Development and Investments of the EKSMO-AST publishing holding. Today, the Russian Textbook Publishing Corporation has the largest portfolio of textbooks included in the Federal List - 485 titles (approximately 40%, excluding textbooks for correctional schools). The corporation's publishing houses own the sets of textbooks in physics, drawing, biology, chemistry, technology, geography, astronomy, most in demand by Russian schools - areas of knowledge that are needed to develop the country's production potential. The corporation's portfolio includes textbooks and teaching aids for elementary schools awarded the President's Prize in Education. These are textbooks and manuals on subject areas that are necessary for the development of the scientific, technical and industrial potential of Russia.