Why does a student need educational practice? Internship

Students have a huge number of different forms of learning and cognition. These include lectures, seminars and practical classes, colloquiums, round tables and conferences. But also an important element from a practical point of view for each specialty is industrial practice, which gives the student the opportunity to understand what he will do after leaving the walls of his educational institution.

For whom?

If anyone thinks that industrial practice exists only for students of higher educational institutions, do not relax. Everyone who receives a specialty, be it a university, vocational school or college student, will learn the practical side of their profession during their studies. It is also worth remembering that you don’t just need to come to production and see how things are done, you will need to delve into the process, and subsequently provide a practice diary, as well as a report on the knowledge gained. In some educational institutions, there is a general discussion of what happened during practical training for each student.

The location of the practical training is also important. Where can industrial practice take place? Most often, the educational institution itself sends its students to one or another enterprise. But there are situations when a student himself looks for a place to gain knowledge and learn the practical side of his specialty. It is worth noting that in some situations, if a student performs well during an internship, he may be offered a position as an employee of this organization after completing his training.

Any practical training that a student undergoes must be accompanied by a set of certain documents. Thus, an important element is the practice diary, where the student will record all significant moments of work in production. In the short time that the student will spend at the workplace, he is obliged to comprehend all the main components of work in this specialty that he will have to encounter in his working life.

A report on industrial practice is also important (whether it be management or another specialty is not important). It is compiled in accordance with the established form and should not be too extensive; for this purpose there is a diary, and sometimes coursework or abstract work, which is often required from a student within the walls of an educational institution. It is worth noting that the report on the production practice of an economist, chemist or builder is practically no different; the same lines and items are filled out.

Important points

In order for a student to undergo practical training, the management of the organization where he is sent is obliged to provide appropriate working conditions and secure the place of his work or training. In addition, the manager (who is assigned to each trainee) is obliged to qualitatively present all the information necessary for understanding the production process, and provide all the necessary materials for training. After undergoing practical training, a student must understand the practical aspects of his specialty, know some of the nuances of the profession and be aware of what awaits him in his work path after completing his studies.

Practice is the most important stage of student preparation. This is a way to get acquainted with the production process from the inside, consolidate and apply the knowledge gained during training. Industrial training allows you to become more familiar with the peculiarities of the functioning of an enterprise and develop practical work skills, which in many ways differ from theoretical knowledge. For enterprises, this is a chance to replenish their ranks with young, competent specialists.

How does industrial practice work?

Industrial practice is mandatory for both students of higher and vocational educational institutions.

You should not consider it as just another uninteresting task. The event may become the beginning of a successful career, the opportunity to get a job immediately after graduation.

This is not a formality, but a unique opportunity to get your bearings in the profession and assess your capabilities even at the stage of graduation. Therefore, you need to try to get the maximum benefit from practical events and show your best side.

Completing an internship at an enterprise provides the graduate with the following opportunities:

Typically, students are sent for internships in organizations with which the educational institution has an agreement. The main activities of the company must correspond to the student's specialization.

For students It is not forbidden to independently choose a base for carrying out practical activities. With the consent of the head of the enterprise, it is necessary to obtain approval from the educational institution.

All practical organizational issues are the responsibility of the university administration. The department must develop teaching aids and a plan for its completion.

The student, at the time of gaining practical experience, has the following responsibilities:

1. Have a diary and all accompanying materials with you.
2. Strictly follow all instructions from the assigned mentor.
3. Familiarize yourself with the company’s internal instructions on labor protection and internal regulations. Observe them strictly.
4. Follow the work schedule established at the enterprise, perform the duties assigned to him and be responsible for their high-quality performance.
5. Report on the work done.

Trainee follows an individual plan, taking into account the characteristics of each specialty. During the period of practical activity, the program must be fully implemented. All actions reflected in the diary and report, which must be protected by the manager. The acquired skills are assessed and noted in the grade book.

Where to start writing a report

Regardless of the type of practice, its completion is confirmed by a report. This document reflects the professional training of the future specialist, his business qualities, and acquired knowledge.

High-quality completion of the task is very important for the student, since the place of practice is selected in accordance with the future profession. That is, the student is placed in an atmosphere appropriate to his specialty.

The student’s attitude towards the assigned tasks, his responsibility and acumen, indicate how he will behave in future employment.

Before you start writing a report, you need to study all the documents relating to the organization’s activities, regulations, and company structure. The student describes his activities not only using job descriptions, but directly based on the work process.

A young, well-trained specialist can make recommendations into the work process. About your achievements and views on the work of the enterprise must be written in the report.

All information is presented in accordance with established reporting standards. Therefore, writing a document begins with studying the methodological manual received at the educational institution.

A manual is a step-by-step instruction that helps the student structure a document.

The allowance is issued by the department. It contains all the information about the goals of the practice and the rules for preparing the report.

Based on the manual, an event plan is drawn up, and this is where the writing of the document begins. The points of the plan are the goals of practice. Based on them, the student selects key information about the enterprise, analyzes the work process and makes his recommendations.

It is impossible to write a competent report without real involvement in work activities. Therefore, you need to start with the practical part, then writing the document will not be difficult at all.

Any unclear question can be clarified directly from the mentor or other employees of the organization. For any clarification, you can contact the curators. This is an assigned mentor at the place of practice and a direct supervisor from the educational institution.

You should not try to change the structure of the report. It is generally accepted and does not complicate, but makes writing a document easier.

Document structure

Following the methodological instructions, the student is required to keep a diary every day. It reflects the student's daily activities:

• on collecting information;
• activities in the workplace;
• about the type of work performed;
• about achievements and experience gained.

The mentor from the organization must endorse the diary after completing the internship. If this is provided for by the program, the supervisor can give the student practical tasks and, based on the results of their completion, record grades and comments in the diary.

The diary is an integral part of the practice report. Without it, the task will not be accepted for verification.

The structure of the document is formed based on the methodological manual.

It is not prohibited for higher educational institutions to develop an individual practice report program. If the university uses a generally accepted system, then the structure of the internship report is as follows:

1. Title page.
2. Content.
3. Introduction.
4. Main part.
5. Conclusion.
6. Applications.

There may be slight differences in structure depending on the type of practice.

Each educational institution has a standard title page design . The following mandatory information must be entered in it in a certain order:

• name of the university;
• department, specialty, course, group, etc.;
• topic of the report and its type;
• link to the practice manager;
• last name, first name and patronymic of the student;
• location of the educational institution;
• year of submission of the document.

Changing the names of plan items or transferring them to other pages that do not correspond to the content is prohibited.

The introduction is formed from the methodological manual. It sets out the practical goals and objectives that the student was expected to accomplish. The place of practical activity is described.

The main part contains two subsections:

• theoretical;
• practical.

The practical part begins with a description of the technical and economic indicators of the enterprise where the student was located. Its structure and regulatory documentation are described. This is followed by a section with calculations and a description of the functional tasks performed by the university student.

The conclusion is the most important section of the report. In him the student can draw conclusions about the work done, summarize the final analysis of the organization’s activities, describe your achievements on site and make recommendations for improving the work of the organization as a whole or in a particular area.

Application. This is the final section of the document. When writing the main text, the student could refer to various appendices. They are presented in a list. The initial one in order is the one to which the first link goes.

A complete practice report must contain the following documents:

1. Referral to practice (This document is issued by universities and is certified by the signature and seal of the organization that accepted the student for practice).
2. Diary of internship. (Without signature and seal of the enterprise it is considered invalid).
3. Contract for practical training.
4. Plan of practical training (clearly divided by days and topics).
5. A testimonial or review written by a mentor from the company. It must be certified by the signature and seal of the organization.
6. A report on practical training, prepared in accordance with the requirements of the educational institution.

This list applies to all types of practice and is applied as standard in all educational institutions.

Types of practice and features of reports after them

In higher education institutions, internships are provided three times a day. The first assignments appear already in the first year. The following types of practical activities are required for a university student:

1. Educational.
2. Production.
3. Pre-graduation.

Before the event, the leader is obliged to convey to students the main points of the learning process, explain the meaning and formulate key tasks. Each type of practice has its own specific characteristics and schedule.

Educational

Students can gain practical experience after the first or second semester of study. The program of practical assignments is developed by each university individually. In this case, students are not necessarily sent to any enterprise. Classes can be held on the territory of the educational institution, in its workshops or laboratories.

Educational practice has several forms:

• excursion. Future specialists visit the enterprise and observe the production process;
• self-acquaintance. Students are allowed to visit the organization individually and communicate with staff;
• practical lessons. They can be carried out both in an educational institution and at an enterprise.

Its main goal is to develop practical experience and consolidate the studied theoretical material.

Production

She organized in the third, fourth year. Main the purpose of the assignment is to allow the student to study the features of his chosen profession in a real workplace. There, the student is assigned to a mentor who monitors his activities and helps him learn the work process from the inside.

A university student must become an assistant to a leading specialist, for example, an assistant to a merchandiser or a personnel manager.

Pre-diploma

This type of practice is provided before defending my thesis project. It completes the student's learning phase.

The goal is to obtain information for writing a thesis project, establish yourself as a young specialist and gain professional communication skills.

There are significant methodological differences between educational and industrial practice. In the first case the student gets acquainted with the general process, in the second - directly takes part in it. Therefore, the study practice report will not contain a practical section.

The difference between diploma and industrial practice is not so significant. Pre-graduation practice is a summary, a push into successful professional activity.

Protection

When the practice is completed and fully described in the report, it is necessary to prepare to defend it. For a student who independently prepared a document and was actually in practice, this it won't be difficult at all to do.

He won't even have to learn or remember anything. Practical experience gained, collection and processing of information received will be remembered for a long time. A university student needs to be well versed in his own report so that, if necessary, he can view the necessary information.

Before your defense, you should prepare your speech. Formulate a competent report orally, which will not take more than 15 minutes. It should contain the key points of the report, presented in a business style.

A complete and specific presentation of information will minimize the questions asked by the commission.

Often to protect the document I need to prepare a short presentation. It consists of several slides, which are not at all difficult to put together. You can prepare other visual information. Tables, graphs, lists and formulas in a visual representation help to better perceive information.

Well written the report does not guarantee an excellent grade. Appearance, delivered speech, interesting presentation and competent report are the key to successful defense of the report.

Educational institutions place serious demands on students. But if you approach the work carefully and responsibly, study and follow all the methodological recommendations, drawing up a practice report will not seem like a very difficult task.

This video clearly explains the rules for preparing a report on industrial practice.

To apply knowledge. However, according to statistics, not all students can appreciate the value of educational practice for their future career, and, as a rule, this is due to ignorance and lack of understanding of how it should be carried out. Therefore, in this article we will try to answer the main questions about educational practice that concern law students.

What types of practice are there? There are three types of practice: educational- involves familiarization with the profession, production, during which the basics of the profession are learned, and pre-graduation, during which the main provisions of the thesis are developed.

Is it possible not to do an internship? Chapter main undergraduate educational program"Educational and industrial practice" is mandatory. If a student does not complete practical training, then the question is raised about his deduction .

What are the objectives of the practice? Educational and industrial/pre-graduate practice, according to Bachelor's education standard sets tasks to consolidate general cultural And professional competencies .

Who chooses the type, program and duration of practice? Types and programs of internships are approved by the university. For example, at Moscow State University, educational practice is carried out after the end of the second year and lasts 4 weeks, and in the fourth year the student undergoes industrial/pre-graduate internship, also 4 weeks.

How to get an internship if you are studying in a targeted area? Students enrolled in targeted enrollment undergo internships with the training customer. The rest usually choose their own internship location. We recommend that you find out the list of organizations with which the university cooperates and choose the one that best suits your profile or future job.

What if a student finds an internship? An active student can find a company himself and negotiate with its director/head of legal service about doing an internship there. To send a student to this organization, as a rule, a confirmation letter from such an organization is sufficient. Since there is no need to pay for an intern, and every team needs valuable personnel, there is a likelihood of success. And if during the work the student shows his best performance, there are considerable chances of finding a job after the internship. This possibility is available, for example, notary trainee And lawyer .

What are the requirements of real employers for their trainees?

Here is an opinion on the requirements of one of the law firms for interns:

« Not every student is able to join the company's staff. Every season (usually summer and autumn) we invite 3 - 4 students or graduates to work. We try to hire the best in order to subsequently train a highly qualified specialist. In addition to the acquired legal education and real knowledge, a prerequisite is proficiency in English at a working level. The authority of the university, of course, plays an important role when hiring. We give preference to graduates of the “Big Three” - Moscow State Law Academy, MGIMO, Moscow State University. Nuggets are rare, but they do occur. Depending on the starting conditions - quality of knowledge, achievements during studies, practical experience - we offer the position of an intern or paralegal (legal assistant). And unlike other employers, we provide assistants with the opportunity to engage exclusively in legal work. If in a year or two a person is able to prove himself worthily (and this happens in 90%), then he receives the position of lawyer. Further development careers- in his hands. An employee’s loyalty, curiosity, desire to improve himself, and to prioritize not personal, but professional interests will significantly accelerate career growth. Therefore, we immediately warn potential employees: if you are looking for a calm, measured job from 9 to 18, you will not be able to make a successful career» .

What do you need to pass the internship? Certification based on the results of the practice, it provides: the presence of a practice plan, a description from the place of practice, feedback from the practice supervisor and an oral (or written) report on the student’s practice.

What kind of work will the intern be entrusted with? Most often, employers only trust a student to carry papers, complete files, and work with the archive. However, this is not a reason to be upset, since you need to understand that it is not always possible to entrust the real work to an intern. In addition, we should not forget that the main task of a student in practice is to learn the nuances of professional legal activity, so you need to watch, listen, ask and analyze as much as possible.

How can this practice be useful in the future? The benefits of educational practice in obtaining invaluable work experience a lawyer who will help you get a good job immediately after graduation. And ideally, a student can immediately get an internship at the place of his future work (some law firms only fill entry-level vacancies), but for this it is necessary to conscientiously carry out the instructions of the “employer” and treat the practice as a real job. In general, when choosing a place for internship, you can use the recommendations given in the section on applying for your first job.

This material was prepared based on the materials in the book Sablin Maxim Timurovich "Career of a lawyer". You can find out more about the author .

This might be interesting:

It is no secret that even well-structured theoretical training is not capable of replacing the skills and knowledge acquired as a result of real activities, acquired through trial and error. In order to improve the qualifications of graduates and their value in the labor market, internships are organized at the enterprise for students. The obligation to carry it out is regulated by law, and the rules and methods of implementation are prescribed by the educational institution based on the characteristics of the educational programs being implemented.

The subtleties of organizing practical training for university students are prescribed in the Regulations on Practice, adopted by Order of the Ministry of Education No. 1154 of 2003. The document protects the legitimate interests of students and the right to receive a high-quality theoretical and practical basis. It highlights the following points that the design of production practice must meet:

• During its completion, students are required to receive a stipend. It does not matter whether they receive a salary at the place of temporary employment.
• The practice is organized on the basis of agreements concluded by universities, colleges and technical schools with companies of a certain type of activity and industry focus.
• If the internship involves leaving the region where the educational institution is located, the university is obliged to reimburse its student the full cost of round-trip tickets and pay travel allowances for days of absence in the amount of 50% of the norm established by law for employees of enterprises.

The “rules of the game” for colleges and technical schools organizing internships are established by Order of the Ministry of Education No. 1991 of 1999. They are similar to the principles in force for universities.

How does educational practice differ from industrial practice?

Practice, organized to strengthen and deepen theoretical knowledge, is possible in three formats:

• Educational – aims to strengthen the theoretical basis acquired by students, instill skills in independent and research work, and introduce them to modern equipment. Such programs are developed for junior students. The main activities for their implementation are excursions to production, observation of the company’s work, consultations with its specialists, and practical activities in the workplace.
• Training and production – most often carried out in the 3rd-4th year. Its goal is to introduce the student to the content of the future profession. To do this, he goes to the enterprise, where he plays the role of assistant to the main specialist (for example, assistant accountant, assistant marketing specialist, etc.).
• Production – intended for senior students. They become fully involved in work at a specific site within the chosen specialty, learn management and control in accordance with a plan and schedule drawn up in advance. The knowledge and skills acquired during practice can later be used when writing a thesis.

As a rule, any type of practice is preceded by a meeting-conference with the supervisor, at which the purpose of the upcoming event, its meaning and schedule are brought to the attention of students. At the end of the cycle, students prepare and submit reports to teachers describing the acquired knowledge and experience.

What is the difference between industrial practice and pre-graduation?

Conclusions drawn during practical training can be used to write a final work for a master's or bachelor's degree. However, it is not always final for the educational cycle and therefore is not always called pre-diploma.

One of the main tasks of the pre-diploma cycle is to conduct analytics and research, draw conclusions on the basis of which a diploma will subsequently be written. The cycle is intended to become the logical conclusion of educational training, an impetus for the student into a successful professional life.

The tasks of the cycle are:

• consolidate the knowledge and experience gained during industrial practice;
• collect empirical information that will form the basis for writing a thesis.

Registration of internship for students: example

The legislation provides for two options for registration of internship: in the form of a contract between the student and a temporary employer or (suz) and a company ready to hire young personnel. You can use any of these formats.

According to current legislation, the organization of practice provided for by the educational program is carried out on the basis of agreements between a university or secondary educational institution and companies of the corresponding profile.

Organizations that take students under their wing are required to enter into employment contracts with them only if there are vacant positions. The law allows for the possibility of registering a student as a member of an organization’s staff only if the position offered to him corresponds to the internship program.

The company has no right to enter into an employment agreement with a student for an indefinite period. It must be urgent and justify the need for employment. For example, the document states: “The agreement was concluded for three months for the purpose of pre-graduation internship.”

A large number of nuances when registering students traditionally raises questions and ambiguities among “urgent” employers. Let's look at the subtleties of formalizing emerging legal relations using examples.

Situation 1

Student Ivanov A.B. asks to join the Romashka company for free internship. He needs to gain knowledge and experience to write his thesis. Is it necessary to conclude a fixed-term employment contract with him?

According to Art. 37 of the Russian Constitution, any work must be paid no less than the minimum level established by law. This means that you cannot enter into an employment agreement that involves working for free.

The law does not oblige Romashka to sign an agreement with an intern. He can undergo training at the company without this document.

Situation 2

There are no open vacancies at Gamma. The company takes on internships for university and technical school students. Should she formalize pre-diploma internship with employment contracts? What should be included in the admission order?

Since the organization does not have open positions, it is not obliged to enter into employment contracts with students. They can work on the basis of an order. In the latter, it is unacceptable to use the wording “Hire without admission to the staff.” The best option is to indicate that the person is being accepted for industrial (pre-graduation) internship.

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In any university, during their studies, students need to undergo an internship in order to consolidate their theoretical knowledge and gain practical work skills. During the entire period of study, they undergo introductory (educational) and pre-graduation internships. Completion of the internship requires writing a report, which is accompanied by a diary and a description of the internship. To write a practice report yourself, you need to know the features of each type of practice.

Educational or introductory practice becomes the first test for students. It is taken in the 1st or 2nd year. The goal is to consolidate the general theoretical knowledge acquired during the study process, as well as to obtain a general understanding of the chosen specialty. During the internship, students are given the opportunity to become familiar with the work of the enterprise through lectures and excursions, as well as watch the work of employees of the specialization you have chosen.

Internship takes place in the 3rd-4th year and is the next step in mastering the profession. Trainees are given the opportunity to study the work of the enterprise from the inside under the supervision of a curator, study and analyze documentation, and collect materials.

Undergraduate practice is the final stage of training. Based on the information received at the enterprise, it will be necessary. The report on pre-diploma practice is often the second chapter of the diploma and represents an analysis of the work of the enterprise.

The report on the work of the enterprise must comply with the requirements of the internship program of your university (See also:), as a rule, it contains:

- calendar plan;

- diary;

- characteristics from the place of internship

- introduction;

- main part;

- conclusion;

- bibliography;

- applications

Title page drawn up according to the model from the guidelines. The title page contains information about the name of the university, type of practice (educational, introductory, industrial, pre-graduation), topic of practice, specialty, student, supervisor, place and year of writing.

Sample title page

Calendar plan is drawn up in the form of a table and contains data on the type, timing and location of the work you perform at the enterprise. Sometimes he enters the diary.

Example of a practice report schedule

Practice diary- similar to a calendar plan. The diary is the main document, along with the report, according to which the student reports on the implementation of the practice program.

The trainee notes every day what he did or studied today. Organizes everything in table form.

Example of filling out a practice diary

Characteristic from the place of industrial, educational or diploma internship must reflect data on the knowledge, skills and abilities of the trainee. About the level of his professional training, personal qualities, as well as about the work and assignments that the student performed during his visit to the enterprise. And, of course, the recommended rating.

The student must receive a reference letter from his supervisor and attach it to the report. But in practice, the leader shifts this responsibility to the student.

Sample characteristics from the place of internship

Sample contents of an internship report

Introduction contains:

• information about the place of internship;
• its goals and objectives, which are indicated in the guidelines;
• object and subject of research;
• assessment of the current state of the topic under study;
• may contain the expected results of the internship.

Introduction example

Main part divided into chapters. Contains theoretical and practical parts. The practical part describes the structure and activities of the enterprise. Analysis is underway. Positive and negative aspects in the work of an enterprise or institution are identified. All calculations, graphs and tables are provided.

Conclusion written based on the material studied. Contains answers to the problems posed in the introduction. Includes all findings obtained in the main part. You can include an assessment of your own work and make recommendations for improving the activities of the enterprise.

Sample conclusion of a practice report

Bibliography contains all the sources used in writing the work, including those indicated in. according to guidelines or GOST. It can include the names of documents received from the enterprise, as well as regulatory literature and Internet sources.

Applications include any data that can be referred to when writing a work in the text of the work. This can be reporting, the organizational structure of the enterprise, extracts from legislation, questionnaires, drawings, diagrams, tables. All documents that you found at the enterprise and that were useful for writing the reporting work.

Writing a practice report on your own is very interesting and informative. But if you have difficulties with writing or you were unable to complete an internship at a company, you can always turn to our specialists for help and receive qualified advice.