Presentation of the block's biography for elementary school. Presentations about the block

Class: 11

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Lesson objectives: introduce students to the atmosphere in which A. Blok grew up; show how the facts of personal biography are reflected in Blok’s poetry; show the features of the poetics of the author’s poems.

Equipment: presentation “Life, creativity, personality of A. Blok.”

Methodical techniques: lecture with elements of conversation, expressive reading of poems, their analysis.

During the classes

1. Teacher's word: (slide No. 1).

The topic of our lesson is “A.A. Blok: life, creativity, personality.” Today we will get acquainted with the atmosphere in which the great poet grew up, consider how the facts of his personal biography are reflected in Blok’s poetry, and see the peculiarities of the poetics of his poems.

“There was Pushkin and there was Blok... Everything else is in between!” These words of Vladislav Khodasevich very accurately expressed the feelings of many of the poet’s contemporaries. This phrase conveys not only a sense of Blok’s significance for Russian poetry, but also a sense of his undoubted kinship with the great nineteenth century of Russian literature. In his work, Blok managed to combine Russian classics and new art.

(slide No. 2).

In his young years, Blok was often compared to Apollo, in his mature years - with Dante. “The face of Alexander Blok,” wrote M. A. Voloshin, “stands out for its clear and cold calm, like a marble Greek mask. Academically drawn, impeccable in proportions, with a finely outlined forehead, with impeccable arches of eyebrows, with short curly hair, with damp with the curve of its lips, it resembles the stern head of Praxitelean Hermes, into which are set pale eyes made of transparent dull stone. A marble coldness emanates from this face. ...Looking at the faces of other poets, one can be mistaken in determining their specialty... but regarding Blok it cannot be There is no doubt that he is a poet, since he is closest to the traditional romantic type of poet - the poet of the classical period of German history."

As an epigraph to our story about Blok, we will take his own statement about his work: “ If you love my poems, overcome their poison, read in them about the future.”

And indeed, reading Blok’s poems today, we recognize in them our time, our country.

2. Childhood.(slide number 3). Students' story.

In 1755, the German physician Johann Friedrich Blok moved from Germany to Russia, turning into life surgeon Ivan Leontievich Blok. He gave rise to a new noble family, which is now firmly associated in our minds with great Russian poetry - with books, poems, poems and articles, the names of which sound so familiar: “Poems about a Beautiful Lady”, “Stranger”, “On the Kulikovo Field” ”, “The Nightingale Garden”, “The Twelve”, “The People and the Intelligentsia”, “The Collapse of Humanism”, “On the Appointment of the Poet”... But when in 1909 and 1915 Blok was asked to write an “Autobiography”, he would begin a story about his ancestors not with this, Germanic, ancestry.

“My mother’s family is involved in literature and science.” Behind this phrase is not only the pride of a descendant of the famous Beketov family, but also the echo of a family drama, which began in the time before the birth of the future poet.

The poet's father, Alexander Lvovich Blok, was an extraordinary man. He was born in Pskov, in the family of a lawyer and official Lev Aleksandrovich Blok. His mother, Ariadna Alexandrovna (née Cherkasova) was the daughter of the Pskov governor. Alexander Lvovich graduated from gymnasium in Novgorod, with a gold medal. Having entered the law faculty of St. Petersburg University, he attracted the attention of professors: they predicted a brilliant future for him.

Later, the poet learns from his grandmother and aunt on his mother’s side that in his youth, during a chance meeting, his father made a strong impression on Dostoevsky with his “Byronic” appearance (echoes of this family legend will be heard in the poem “Retribution”). The famous writer even seemed to intend to make Alexander Lvovich the prototype of one of his heroes.

But in addition to the “Byronic” or “demonic” appearance, Alexander Lvovich also possessed other, more important qualities: an original mind, a rare, selfless love for poetry and music (he himself played the piano beautifully). He left behind two essays: “State Power in European Society” and “Political Literature in Russia and About Russia”, notable for the fact that in them one can find a feeling of Russia similar to his son: what Alexander Lvovich tried to expound as a scientist- publicist, Alexander Blok expressed it with extreme poignancy in the poem “Scythians.”

But Alexander Lvovich’s literary heritage turned out to be less than his talent. “He was unable to fit his constantly developing ideas,” the poet wrote about his father in the same “Autobiography,” into the compressed forms he was looking for; in this search for compressed forms there was something convulsive and terrible, as in his entire mental and physical appearance.” No less expressive is the characterization of the poet’s father given by his student E.V. Spektorsky: “Alexander Lvovich was convinced that every thought has only one form of expression that truly corresponds to it. Reworking his work for years, he searched for this unique form, while pursuing conciseness and musicality (rhythm, measuredness). In the process of this endless revision, he eventually began to turn entire pages into lines, replace phrases with individual words, and words with punctuation marks,” without noticing that “his work became more and more symbolic, still understandable to his closest students, but to already completely inaccessible to a wide circle of the uninitiated.” There is some tension in the appearance of Alexander Lvovich Blok. The talent of a historical and philosophical thinker and the talent of a stylist did not complement each other, but collided with each other. We find the same tension in his behavior. He loved those close to him passionately and cruelly tormented him, ruining their lives and his own. January 8, 1879 is the wedding day of Alexander Lvovich Blok and Alexandra Andreevna Beketova. Having become a private assistant professor at the University of Warsaw (at that time part of Poland, together with Warsaw, was part of the Russian Empire), the father of the future poet takes his young wife with him. In the fall of 1880, Alexander Lvovich arrived with Alexandra Andreevna in St. Petersburg. He will have to defend his master's thesis. Alexandra Andreevna’s condition, her fatigue, exhaustion, and stories about her husband’s despotic character amaze her relatives. She's about to give birth soon. At the insistence of the Beketovs, Alexandra Andreevna remains in St. Petersburg. Alexander Lvovich, having brilliantly defended his dissertation, leaves for Warsaw. For some time he tries to win over his wife again. However, these attempts remained unsuccessful. On August 24, 1889, by decree of the Holy Synod, the marriage of Alexander Lvovich and Alexandra Andreevna was dissolved. Afterwards, Alexander Lvovich was married again, but this marriage, from which he had a daughter, turned out to be fragile.

(Slide No. 4).

The future poet grew up away from his father. He sees Alexander Lvovich only occasionally, their discreet communication is in letters. The poet will be able to appreciate his father only after his death. In the Beketov circle, Sasha Blok is a favorite and darling, but the stamp of family drama came to life in the depths of his vision of the world, and many of the themes of Blok’s later lyrics are inspired by disorder, the lack of solid support in life.

When Blok’s mother got married for the second time - her husband was an officer of the Life Guards of the Grenadier Regiment, Franz Feliksovich Kublitsky-Piottukh, a kind, gentle man - she hoped that her stepfather could to some extent replace her son’s father. But the stepfather and stepson did not feel any spiritual closeness to each other. And behind the selfless love of the grandmother and aunts there was hidden a reminder of fatherlessness. The theme of “retribution” (like Blok’s poem of the same name) will emerge from this “separation” from his family hearth, through which he will see the tragedy of all of Russia.

Alexander Alexandrovich Blok was born on November 16 (according to the new style - 28) November 1880. He was born at an alarming time: a few months after his birth, on March 1, 1881, the Narodnaya Volya killed Alexander P. This event became a harbinger of future upheavals for Russia. But the poet's early years are happy years. In the diary of his grandmother Elizaveta Grigorievna Beketova, after disturbing entries about the assassination attempt on the sovereign, it is said about his tiny grandson: “Sashura becomes the main joy of life.” In the memoirs of Aunt Maria Andreevna, there is a confession: “From the first days of his birth, Sasha became the focus of the life of the whole family. A cult of the child was established in the house.”

Grandfather, grandmother, mother, aunts are the people closest to him. About his father in “Autobiography” he will say dully, with tension: “I met him a little, but I remember him dearly.” He writes about the Beketovs easily, calmly, and with details.

He had something to be proud of. The Beketovs are among the friends and acquaintances of Karamzin, Denis Davydov, Vyazemsky, Baratynsky. In their family one can meet an explorer, actor, poet, journalist, bibliophile, hero of the Patriotic War of 1812... Wonderful people surrounded little Sasha Blok.

His grandfather, the famous scientist, botanist Andrei Nikolaevich Beketov, was a friend of his childhood: “...we spent hours wandering with him through the meadows, swamps and wilds; sometimes they walked dozens of miles, getting lost in the forest; they dug up herbs and cereals with their roots for a botanical collection; at the same time, he named the plants and, identifying them, taught me the rudiments of botany, so that I still remember many botanical names. I remember how happy we were when we found a special flower of the early pear tree, a species unknown to the Moscow flora, and the smallest low-growing fern...”

Grandmother Elizaveta Grigorievna Beketova is the daughter of the famous traveler, explorer of Central Asia Grigory Silych Korelin. She was also a translator from several languages, who gave the Russian reader the works of Buckle, Bram, Darwin, Beecher Stowe, Walter Scott, Dickens, Thackeray, Rousseau, Hugo, Balzac, Flaubert, Maupassant and many other famous scientists and writers. About these translations, Blok will say with dignity: “...her worldview was surprisingly lively and original, her style was figurative, her language was precise and bold, exposing the Cossack breed. Some of her many translations remain the best to this day.” Elizaveta Grigorievna met with Gogol, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, Apollo Grigoriev, Polonsky, Maykov. She did not have time to write her memoirs, and Alexander Blok could subsequently read only a brief outline of the supposed notes and remember some of his grandmother’s stories.

Blok's mother and the poet's aunts were also writers and translators. Through them, the Russian reader became acquainted with the works of Montesquieu, Stevenson, Haggart, Balzac, Hugo, Flaubert, Zola, Daudet, Musset, Baudelaire, Verlaine, Hoffmann, Sienkiewicz and many others.

The poem “Lilac” belongs to the pen of Ekaterina Andreevna Beketova’s aunt (married Krasnova). Set to music by Sergei Rachmaninov, it became a famous romance. Maria Andreevna Beketova will go down in the history of Russian literature as the author of memoirs related to the life and work of Blok. The mother will play an exceptional role in the poet’s life. It was she who would become his first mentor and connoisseur; her opinion would mean a lot to Blok. When Sasha Blok starts publishing her home literary magazine “Vestnik”, her mother will become the “censor” of the publication.

Grandfather, grandmother, mother, aunts... A narrow circle of close people. And already in his childhood he senses the self-sufficiency of this particular circle. Of the children, Blok will be especially friendly with his cousins ​​Ferol and Andryusha, the children of his aunt Sofia Andreevna (nee Beketova), who was married to the brother of the poet’s stepfather Adam Feliksovich Kublitsky-Piottukh. But for his games he did not need comrades. With the power of imagination, he could revive ordinary cubes (wooden “bricks”), turning them into horse cars: horses, conductors, passengers, indulging in the game with passion and rare constancy, complicating and complicating his imagined world. Among his special passions are ships. He painted them in abundance, hanging them on the walls of the room, presenting them to his relatives. These ships of children's imagination will “float” into his mature poems, becoming a symbol of hope.

The isolation and unsociability in the character of little Blok manifested itself in the most unexpected way. From the French women they tried to hire for him, he never learned the French language, because, as Maria Andreevna Beketova would later note, Sasha “even then he almost didn’t even speak Russian.”

When in 1891 the future poet entered the St. Petersburg Vvedenskaya Gymnasium, even here it would be difficult to get along with his classmates, even without feeling special affection for his closest comrades. His constant hobbies during his gymnasium years were performing arts, recitation and his magazine “Vestnik”, which Blok “published” from 1894 to 1897, releasing 37 issues. His second cousin Sergei Solovyov, who met Blok at that time, “was struck and captivated by his love for the technique of literary work and special accuracy”: “Vestnik” was an exemplary publication, with pasted-in illustrations cut out from other magazines.

But not only people close to him and not only hobbies, but also his home played an important role in the development of the poet.

Almost the entire life of the poet will pass in St. Petersburg, the capital of the Russian Empire. Petersburg will be reflected in his poems. And yet, Alexander Blok did not become just a metropolitan poet. Petersburg - it was a gymnasium that evoked terrible memories in him: “I felt like a rooster whose beak was drawn with chalk to the floor, and he remained in a bent and motionless position, not daring to raise his head.” St. Petersburg is government apartments, a “place of residence.” Blok’s home was the small Shakhmatovo estate, which was once bought by his grandfather Andrei Nikolaevich Beketov on the advice of a friend, the famous chemist Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev. For the first time, the future poet, six months old, was brought here by his mother. Here he lived almost every summer, and sometimes from early spring to late autumn.

3. Years of study. The beginning of a creative journey.(slide number 5).

He began writing poetry at the age of 5, but consciously following his calling began in 1900-01. The most important literary and philosophical traditions that influenced the formation of creative individuality are the teachings of Plato, the lyrics and philosophy of V. S. Solovyov, and the poetry of A. A. Fet. In March 1902, he met Zinaida Nikolaevna Gippius and Dmitry Sergeevich Merezhkovsky, who had a huge influence on him; in their magazine “New Way” the creative debut of Blok, a poet and critic, took place. In 1904 he met A. Bely, who became the poet closest to him among the younger Symbolists. In 1903, the “Literary and Artistic Collection: Poems of Students of the Imperial St. Petersburg University” was published, in which three poems by Blok were published; in the same year, Blok’s cycle “Poems about a Beautiful Lady” was published.

The main features of Blok’s symbolist lyrics are

• Musicality;
• Sublimity of the subject matter;
• Polysemy;
• Mystical mood;
• Understatement;
• Vagueness of images

(slide number 6) From this moment, work begins on the first collection of poems, which consisted of 3 volumes. (working with the slide diagram). The block reveals the main meaning of the stages of the path he has traversed and the content of each of the books of the trilogy:

“...this is my path, Now that it has been passed, I am firmly convinced that this is due and that all the poems together - “The Incarnation Trilogy”

(from a moment of too bright light - through the necessary swampy forest - to despair, curses, “retribution* and ... - to the birth of a “social” man, an artist, courageously facing the world..).”

4. Let's turn to book 1(slide number 7). It includes the following cycles of poems:

• “Ante Lucem” (“Before the light”)
• “Poems about a Beautiful Lady”
• “Crossroads”
• The Beautiful Lady is the “Queen of Purity”, the “Evening Star”, the focus of everything Eternal and Heavenly.

The central book of this collection is the cycle “Poems about a Beautiful Lady“The traditional romantic theme of love and service received in “Poems about a Beautiful Lady” that new meaningful content that was introduced into it by the ideas of Vl. Solovyov about merging with the Eternal Feminine in the Divine All-Unity, about overcoming the alienation of the individual from the world whole through a feeling of love. The myth of Sophia, becoming the theme of lyrical poems, transforms beyond recognition in the inner world of the cycle traditional natural, and in particular, “lunar” symbolism and attributes (the heroine appears above, in the evening sky, she is white, a source of light, scatters pearls, floats, disappears after sunrise, etc.) It should be noted here (slide No. 8) that Lyubov Dmitrievna Mendeleeva, who by this time had become the poet’s wife, was an unearthly image that appeared to the poet.

Let us turn to one of the poems in the series “I Enter Dark Temples” (reading by heart by a trained student).

• What is the emotional atmosphere of the poem?
• What is the color scheme of the poem?
• Is the appearance of the Beautiful Lady drawn?

5. (slide number 9).

The events of the revolution of 1905-07 played a special role in shaping Blok’s worldview, revealing the spontaneous, catastrophic nature of existence. The theme of “the elements” (images of blizzards, blizzards, motifs of free people, vagrancy) penetrates into the lyrics of this time and becomes the leading one. The image of the central character changes dramatically: the Beautiful Lady is replaced by the demonic Stranger, Snow Mask, and the schismatic gypsy Faina. Blok is actively involved in everyday literary life and is published in all Symbolist magazines. The cycles included in the second collection were

• "Bubbles of the Earth"
• "Miscellaneous Poems"
• "City",
• "Snow Mask"
• “Faina.”

6. (slide number 10). Let us turn to the poem “In the Restaurant”. (reading by a prepared student). Pay attention to the landscape touch: the St. Petersburg dawn, yellow lanterns on yellow, the northern sky, giving rise to despair, increasing the fatigue of a romantic living in a terrible world. All this speaks of inevitable sadness and dissatisfaction with real life.

There is an abyss between the lyrical hero and the girl from the restaurant: she is a woman for entertainment, and he is a gentleman not of her circle. There can be nothing serious between them; she can only be bought for an hour. Beauty is ruined, desecrated, destroyed, dissolved in the yellow world of the yellow city.

7. (slide No. 11) In 1907, Blok, unexpectedly for his fellow Symbolists, discovered interest and affinity for the traditions of democratic literature. The problem of “the people and the intelligentsia,” key to the creativity of this period, determines the sound of all the themes developed in his articles and poems: the crisis of individualism, the place of the artist in the modern world, etc. His poems about Russia, in particular the cycle “On the Kulikovo Field,” connect the images of the homeland and the beloved. (reading the poem “The river spread out...”)

In the poem "The River Spreads..." the object of poetic speech changes several times. It begins as a description of a typically Russian landscape; meager and sad. Then there is a direct appeal to Russia, and, I must say, at one time it seemed shocking to many - after all, A. Blok called his country “Oh, my Rus'! My wife!” However, there is no poetic license in this; there is the highest degree of unity of the lyrical hero with Russia, especially if we take into account the semantic aura given to the word “wife” by symbolist poetry. In it he goes back to the gospel tradition, to the image of a majestic wife.

8. (slide number 12).

After the February revolution, Blok increasingly doubted the bourgeois-republican regime established in the country, since it did not bring the people deliverance from the criminally disorganized war. Blok became increasingly concerned about the fate of the revolution, and he began to listen more attentively to the slogans of the Bolsheviks. They captivate him with their clarity: peace to the peoples, land to the peasants, power to the Soviets. Shortly before October, Blok admits in a conversation: “Yes, if you want, I’m more likely with the Bolsheviks, they demand peace...”

A. Blok's poem "The Twelve" was written in 1918. It was a terrible time: behind four years of war, the feeling of freedom in the days of the February Revolution, the October Revolution and the Bolsheviks coming to power, and finally the dispersal of the Constituent Assembly, the first Russian parliament.

A. Blok very accurately felt the terrible thing that had entered life: the complete devaluation of human life, which is no longer protected by any law.

9. (slide No. 13)

Following “The Twelve,” the poem “Scythians” was written. Contrasting the “civilized” West and revolutionary Rus', the poet, on behalf of the revolutionary “Scythian” Russia, calls on the peoples of Europe to put an end to the “horrors of war” and sheathe the “old sword.” The poem ends with a call for unity:

For the last time - come to your senses, old world!
To the fraternal feast of labor and peace,
For the last time at the bright fraternal feast
The barbaric lyre is calling!

In Russian history, A. Blok saw the key to future success and the rise of the country.

Russia - Sphinx. Rejoicing and mourning,
And dripping with black blood,
She looks, looks, looks at you
Both with hatred and with love!

Thus ended the “trilogy of incarnation.” Thus ended the poet’s difficult path, a path filled with great artistic discoveries and achievements.

10. (slide number 14). In the last years of life 1918 -1921 Blok, like a poet, falls silent. He works a lot in cultural institutions created by the new government. He writes articles “Intellectuals and Revolution” (1918), “The Collapse of Humanism” (1919), poems “Without God, without Inspiration” (1921), “On the Purpose of the Poet” (1921). The last poem “To the Pushkin House” is addressed (like the article “On the Appointment of the Poet”) to the Pushkin theme.

11. (slide number 15).

Blok's path is a sacrificial path. He was the only one who embodied in life the idea of ​​“divine humanity”, an artist given up to the slaughter. But he came into the world when the sacrifice cannot become atonement for others; it can only be evidence of future catastrophes. Blok felt this, he understood that his sacrifice would not be in demand, but he preferred death “along with everyone” to salvation alone. He died along with Russia, which gave birth to him and nurtured him. Perhaps most accurately about the event that occurred on August 7, 1921 at 10:30 a.m., Vladislav Khodasevich said: “He died because he was completely ill, because he could no longer live. He died of death.”

I want to end our story about Blok with a poem by V. Lazarev

Sound, sound, live speech
Poet Alexander Blok.
Meetings of reason and light of meetings
In a powerful and deep impulse.
Sound the same, fit in equally
Into the world of cities and villages,
In foggy November, in warm August,
Both on difficult and happy days.
...And do not reject, do not renounce
A line from the Motherland and dates.
Sound, sound, live speech
Poet Alexander Blok!

12. Homework

1) A story about Blok’s life based on a lecture and textbook.

2) By heart a poem from the cycle “Poems about a Beautiful Lady.”

Slide 1

Life and creative path Prepared by: Prisyazhnaya T. G., teacher of Russian language and literature, Kozyrevskaya Secondary School, 2015
Alexander Alexandrovich Blok

Slide 2

Alexander Alexandrovich Blok (1880-1921)
Russian poet, classic of Russian literature of the 20th century, one of the greatest poets of Russia.

Slide 3

A. Blok's father is Alexander Lvovich Blok (1852-1909), lawyer, professor at the University of Warsaw.
Mother - Alexandra Andreevna, nee Beketova, (1860-1923) - daughter of the rector of St. Petersburg University A. N. Beketov.

Slide 4

Slide 5

Franz Feliksovich Kublitsky-Piottukh (1860-1920) - Russian general.
The marriage, which began when Alexandra was eighteen years old, turned out to be short-lived: after the birth of her son, she broke off relations with her husband and subsequently never resumed them. In 1889, she obtained a decree from the Synod on the dissolution of her marriage with her first husband and married guards officer F. F. Kublitsky-Piottukh, leaving her son the surname of her first husband.

Slide 6

In 1898 he graduated from high school and entered the law faculty of St. Petersburg University. Three years later he transferred to the Slavic-Russian department of the Faculty of History and Philology, which he graduated in 1906.

Slide 7

Since childhood, Alexander Blok spent every summer on his grandfather’s Shakhmatovo estate near Moscow.
State Historical, Literary and Natural Museum-Reserve of A. A. Blok. Main manor house.
Facade

Slide 8

In 1903, Blok married Lyubov Mendeleeva, daughter of D. I. Mendeleev, the heroine of his first book of poems, “Poems about a Beautiful Lady.”

Slide 9

Winter will pass - you will see My plains and swamps And you will say: “How much beauty! What a dead sleep!” But remember, young one, in the silence of My plains I kept my thoughts And waited in vain for your soul, Sick, rebellious and gloomy. In this twilight I wondered, I looked into the face of cold death and waited endlessly, peering greedily into the mists. But you passed by, - I kept my thoughts among the swamps, And this dead beauty left a gloomy trace in my soul. September 21, 1901

Slide 10

Portrait of the wife of the poet A.A. Blok Lyubov Dmitrievna Blok (artistic surname Basargin)
In 1909, two difficult events occur in the Blok family: Lyubov Dmitrievna’s child dies and Blok’s father dies. To come to his senses, Blok and his wife go on vacation to Italy and Germany. For his Italian poetry, Blok was accepted into a society called the “Academy.” In addition to him, it included Valery Bryusov, Mikhail Kuzmin, Vyacheslav Ivanov, Innokenty Annensky.

Slide 11

In 1912, Blok wrote the drama “Rose and Cross”. K. Stanislavsky and V. Nemirovich-Danchenko liked the play, but the drama was never staged in the theater.
Konstantin Sergeevich Stanislavsky and Vladimir Ivanovich Nemirovich-Danchenko

Slide 12

On July 7, 1916, Blok was called up to serve in the engineering unit of the All-Russian Zemstvo Union. The poet served in Belarus. By his own admission in a letter to his mother, during the war his main interests were “food and horses.” (In the photo: Alexander Blok - 3rd from the left - among the soldiers and officers of the engineering brigade)

Slide 13

Blok met the February and October revolutions with mixed feelings. He refused to emigrate, believing that he should be with Russia in difficult times.
Blok, Sologub and Chulkov in 1908

Slide 14

At the beginning of May 1917, he was hired by the “Extraordinary Commission of Inquiry to investigate illegal actions of former ministers, chief managers and other senior officials of both civil, military and naval departments” as an editor.
A. Blok while working in the Extraordinary Commission. Winter Palace.
Alexander Blok. 1917

Slide 15

At the beginning of 1920, F. F. Kublitsky-Piottukh died from pneumonia. Blok took his mother to live with him. But she and Blok’s wife did not get along with each other.

Slide 16

Blok was one of those artists in Petrograd who not only accepted Soviet power, but agreed to work for its benefit. The authorities began to widely use the poet’s name for their own purposes. During 1918-1920. Blok, often against his will, was appointed and elected to various positions in organizations, committees, commissions

Slide 17

The constantly increasing volume of work undermined the poet's strength. Fatigue began to accumulate - Blok described his state of that period with the words “I was drunk.” This may also explain the poet’s creative silence - he wrote in a private letter in January 1919: “For almost a year now I have not belonged to myself, I have forgotten how to write poetry and think about poetry...”. Heavy workloads in Soviet institutions and living in hungry and cold revolutionary Petrograd completely undermined the poet’s health - Blok developed serious cardiovascular disease, asthma, mental disorders, and scurvy began in the winter of 1920.

Slide 18

Finding himself in a difficult financial situation, he was seriously ill and died on August 7, 1921 in his last Petrograd apartment from inflammation of the heart valves.
Before his death, after receiving a negative response to a request to go abroad for treatment (dated July 12), the poet deliberately destroyed his notes and refused to take food and medicine. A. Blok on his deathbed

Slide 19

The poet was buried at the Smolensk Orthodox cemetery in Petrograd. In 1944, Blok’s ashes were reburied on the literary bridge at the Volkovskoye cemetery.

Aleshchenkov Evgeniy group 226

Presentation "A. A. Blok” was prepared as an extracurricular independent work. The material is a detailed biography of the poet, including the main stages of personality development from infancy to death, and his creative path.

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Alexander Alexandrovich Blok (1880 - 1921) - Russian poet, playwright, literary critic.

The son of a lawyer and professor at the University of Warsaw A.L. Blok and translator A.A. Beketova. He spent his early years in his grandfather’s house and on the Beketovs’ estate, Shakhmatovo, near Moscow. He graduated from the Slavic-Russian department of St. Petersburg University in 1906. In 1903, he married the daughter of the outstanding Russian chemist D.I. Mendeleev, Lyubov.

He began writing poetry at the age of five, and became seriously involved in creative work since 1900. He actively publishes not only as a poet, but also as a playwright and literary critic. On July 7, 1916, he was drafted into the army and served as a timekeeper.

Since September 1917 - member of the Theater and Literary Commission, since 1918 - employee of the Theater Department of the People's Commissariat for Education, since April 1919 - of the Bolshoi Drama Theater. At the same time, he was a member of the editorial board of the publishing house "World Literature" under the leadership of M. Gorky, and since 1920 - chairman of the Petrograd branch of the Union of Poets.

In April 1921, the growing depression turned into a mental disorder, accompanied by heart disease. On August 7, 1921, Blok died

The scandal associated with A. Blok’s first public reading of his poem “The Twelve”: the flower of the Petrograd intelligentsia, having misheard the lines “Run away, scoundrel! Already, simple, I’ll deal with you tomorrow!” - accused the author of foul language. I'm not interested in gossip about the personal lives of celebrities. But in his dying delirium, Blok was worried whether all copies of the poem “The Twelve” had been destroyed - a historical fact.

In February 1919, Blok was arrested for a day and a half. He was suspected of conspiring against the Soviet regime. But then Anatoly Lunacharsky put in a word for him, and the poet was released.

Blok was married to the daughter of the famous chemist Dmitry Mendeleev. They had known each other since childhood; the scientist was on friendly terms with the poet’s grandfather. Feelings for Lyubov Mendeleeva were so sublime that Alexander Blok was afraid for a long time to spoil them, to discredit them with carnal relationships. It was her image that formed the basis of “Poems about a Beautiful Lady.”

A few months before his death, the poet, as usual, read his poems at the Bolshoi Drama Theater. Before his speech, Chukovsky took the floor, saying a lot of good things about Blok, after which Blok himself read his poems about Russia. As his contemporaries later recalled, the atmosphere was too solemn and sad, and one of the spectators breathed out an almost prophetic phrase: “This is some kind of wake!” This was his last performance on the stage of this theater.

Alexander Blok was credited with an affair with Anna Akhmatova. However, after the death of the poet, Akhmatova returned to this topic more than once in her memoirs, dispelling all rumors about a “monstrous passion for Blok.”

If you believe the questionnaire that Blok filled out in one of the sanatoriums where he had to relax, he had a passion for beer and ice cream. Asteroid 2540, which was discovered in 1971, was given the name of Alexander Blok

Many of Blok’s works might never have been born, and the years of the poet’s life would have been noticeably shortened, if not for chance. The poet was friends with the artist Sapunov, and at the beginning of April 1912, the artist invited him and his friends to vacation in a fishing village. Blok could not keep them company. Fortunately. One night, friends went boating. But the boat capsized. Sapunov drowned because he could not swim. Blok, by the way, couldn’t swim either. Therefore, his fate could have been the same if he had been there.

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And they reached the most flat hooliganism, called the absurd word “futurism”. I. Zdanevich. Futurism is a way of life (scandal). I. Severyanin, as befits a king, publishes the poetic “Rescript of the King.” R. Ivnev (M. Kovalev). N.Aseev. Ego-futurists (translated from Latin “I am the future”). Installation on the renewal of poetic language (the principle of “shifted construction”). L. Zak. V. Shershenevich. B. Lavrenev. Futurism (lat. futurum - future).

“Blok’s creative path” - Enthusiastic fans. First question. Mendeleeva as Ophelia. Andrey Bely. Dark temples. I'm scared. Block after graduating from high school. Becoming human. Vladimir Sergeevich Solovyov. A bad dream. Block.. Three plans of the lyrical heroine. I enter dark temples. The image of Lyubov Dmitrievna Mendeleeva. Analysis of poems. Alexander Alexandrovich Blok. Describe the literary situation of the early twentieth century.

“Dream in Literature” - Oblomov’s Dream. Raskolnikov's dream. Dual relationships. Crime and Punishment. Dreams of heroes of Russian literature of the 19th century. Symbolic character. My way. Composition component. Selection of material. A dream in a literary work. Taking sleep. Horrible dream. Tatiana's dream.

“Analysis of Yesenin’s poems” - Linguistic analysis of the poem “I don’t regret, I don’t call, I don’t cry...”. Transparent white color. Reader. The poet's skill. Repetitions. Metaphors. Unity of external design. Yesenin's nature. Deep content. Feelings and thoughts are inseparably fused. Traditional Yesenin images. Yeseninskaya birch tree. Leading party. Piece of art. My biography. Yesenin's life path. Linguistic dominance. A wandering spirit.

“Ulitskaya “Daughter of Bukhara”” - Key words. Poster. Signs with the meaning of acceptance. Human. Signs with the meaning of categoricalness. Symbols. Rapidity. Alien. The attitude of others towards Bukhara. Contradictions in the story. Signs with the meaning of negation. Signs with the meaning of openness. Eternal values ​​in the story. Lyudmila Ulitskaya. Fate. The secret of Bukhara. Work. Antithesis. Life and art. Sign.

“Biography and creativity of Yesenin” - Biography and creativity of S. A. Yesenin. Death of poet. Imagism. Lyrics of recent years. Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin. Childhood. Studies. Face the new. Country of scoundrels. At the beginning of a creative journey. Search for the “song” word.

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Slide 2

And so - I became a poet. Love blossomed in the curls and in the early sadness of the eyes. And I was in pink chains with women many times. A. Blok

Slide 3

Alexander Alexandrovich Blok was born on November 16, 1880 in St. Petersburg. His father, Alexander Lvovich, was a professor of law at the University of Warsaw, and his mother, Alexandra Andreevna, was a writer and translator.

Slide 4

Alexander spent his childhood mainly in the house of his grandfather, the famous Russian botanist Andrei Beketov, going to his mother’s modest estate Shakhmatovo near Moscow in the summer.

Slide 5

Alexander Blok graduated from the Vvedenskaya Gymnasium, after which he entered the Faculty of Law of St. Petersburg University, however, after studying there for three years, he decided to transfer to the Faculty of History and Philology.

Slide 6

In 1903, Alexander married the daughter of the famous Russian scientist Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev.

Slide 7

Alexander began writing poetry as a child, but began to seriously engage in poetry only at the beginning of the 20th century. The poet's creative debut took place in 1903 in the magazine “New Way”. A year later, he meets Andrei Bely, who became one of the poet’s closest friends. Blok’s first book, “Poems about a Beautiful Lady,” appeared on the eve of the 1905 revolution.

Slide 8

The events of the 1905 revolution played an important role in Blok’s life and work. The works of this period are dominated by various elements (blizzard, blizzard). The main characters of the works also change, but they still remain women. At that time, the poet was already quite popular, his poems were published in various magazines - “Questions of Life”, “Scales”, “Golden Fleece” - and the newspapers “Rech”, “Slovo”, “Chas”.

Slide 9

Blok writes scripts for the theater and also acts as a critic. Since 1907, he became the head of the critical department at the Golden Fleece magazine.

Slide 10

The poet's relations with other writers of this time develop. He becomes a regular visitor to the “Circle of Young People”, which includes artists of modern times.

Slide 11

At the same time, Blok meets theater actress Volokhova. The collections “Snow Mask” and “Faina” were dedicated to her. They are followed by the collections “Unexpected Joy” and “Earth in the Snow,” as well as the plays “Stranger” and “Song of Fate.” This period in Blok’s work was quite fruitful: he not only wrote many works and published critical articles, but also gave presentations at the St. Petersburg Religious and Philosophical Society.

Slide 12

The main theme of Blok’s work is the problem of the relationship between the people and the intelligentsia; more and more works dedicated to the homeland appear, while he combines this image with the image of his beloved.
However, journalistic articles from this period were received rather coldly by critics. The poet himself also realized that he had failed to appeal to the people through the press, and gradually began to move further and further away from journalism, returning to his favorite poetry.
Yes, the fateful night paths separated us and brought us together again, and again we came to you, Russia, from a foreign land.

Slide 13

In 1909, the poet visited Italy. The result of this trip was the cycle “Italian Poems”, where the motif of death, the undisturbed sleep of the former high culture and its replacement by the spiritless bourgeois civilization, which the poet hated, clearly sounds.
...grape deserts, Houses and people - all coffins. Only the copper of solemn Latin Sings on the slabs like a trumpet.

Slide 14

His father's inheritance, received after his death in 1909, allowed Blok not to think about making money from his own works and to focus on long-term projects. At this time, the poet completely withdrew from journalistic activities and participation in public literary life. In 1910, he began work on the epic poem “Retribution.” A year later, the collection “Night Hours” was published, and later Blok created the play “Rose and Cross”.

Slide 15

In 1916, Blok was drafted into the army, where he served as a timekeeper in an engineering and construction squad near Pinsk. After the revolution of 1917, Blok returned to his homeland and became a member of the commission investigating the crimes of the tsarist government. There he edits verbatim reports. As a result of this event, Blok wrote the book “The Last Days of Imperial Power.”

Slide 16

In the post-revolutionary period, Blok again returned to journalism. His series of articles “Russia and the Intelligentsia” appears in the newspaper “Znamya Truda”. Soon the poem “The Twelve” and the poem “Scythians” appeared. Criticism was wary of these works as not corresponding to the necessary ideas about the revolution, but paid tribute to his closeness to the people.

Slide 17

In 1918, a new stage began in the poet’s prose work. He makes presentations at meetings of the Free Philosophical Association, and also writes several feuilletons. Since 1918, he began to collaborate with the Theater Department, and later with the Bolshoi Drama Theater. Blok also became a member of the editorial board of the World Literature publishing house, and in 1920 - chairman of the Petrograd branch of the Union of Poets.

Slide 18

Unlike S. A. Yesenin, who most often used images of plants, Blok paid more attention to images of the elements, especially wind. Often in the poet’s work there are such phenomena as blizzards, blizzards, and blizzards. The very tone of Blok’s poems is always swift, rushing somewhere into the distance. There are often descriptions of a sunset colored with fiery or bloody colors. Even the stars do not stand still for him.
Further, further... And the wind rushed, Flying through the black-earth wasteland... ...The steppe path - without end, without outcome, Steppe, and the wind, and the wind...

Slide 19

The poet’s life itself flashed by just as quickly and swiftly. He, like many creative people, having at first experienced a short upsurge after the revolution, became disillusioned with it, or rather, with its results. The rigid framework into which creativity began to be forced, naturally, did not suit the poet.

Slide 20

Soon disappointment and depression turned into mental illness and heart disease. On August 7, 1921, the poet passed away.