How target students enter universities. Budgetary places in universities were "chopped off" by target groups

All schoolchildren and their parents sooner or later have a question: what to do after the end of the 11th grade? Where to go? Where to get a profession? There are more and more opportunities for continuing education. And one of the options for reliable income is targeted.

What do I need to do? First you need to decide on your future profession. Then find an appropriate direction of the enterprise where you could work after graduation. If his management is interested in a young qualified worker, then the future student is given a referral to study in the required specialty. Or you can contact the municipality, where employers send applications for specialists.

To the admissions office (only to one university and for a specific specialty), the applicant, within the prescribed timeframe, must submit, in addition to all other documents, an application for a targeted education and a referral from the enterprise. Getting a targeted referral does not mean 100% admission to budget education. There is also a competition among target groups. If the result is positive, a tripartite agreement is concluded between the educational institution, the enterprise and the student.

What are the benefits of targeted learning?

• The USE results for admission to a university of target students may be lower than those established for the rest, ordinary applicants.
• Since the order on the enrollment of target-oriented applicants is issued before the order on the enrollment of applicants through the main stream, target-oriented students who did not stand the competition can try to get into a university on a general basis.
• The child receives education free of charge. But there are few budgetary places in all educational institutions. Not all students can afford to study for a fee. In addition, the target person receives a scholarship.
• The internship takes place at the enterprise that gave the target direction. Consequently, even before getting a job, he will know both the intricacies of production and the work collective. It is always safer to start working in an already familiar place among familiar people.
• It is easier to write term papers while studying: all materials, especially for innovative scientific developments in the direction of interest to the employer, will be provided by the enterprise itself.
• There is no need to worry about not finding a job after college. By concluding a contract, the child is guaranteed a job for at least three years after graduation.
• The employer does not require work experience. On the contrary, there is an opportunity to purchase it.

But is everything so beautiful, cloudless? Really, you just need to find an enterprise that will subsequently pay for the child's education, take a direction - and get the coveted education, and on a budgetary basis, and even pay a scholarship. Why, then, is not everyone taking advantage of this opportunity?

When choosing a targeted income, it is necessary to take into account some of the nuances.

What kind of fly in the ointment can be in a huge barrel of honey called target education?

• You have to independently find a company that is interested in a particular specialist.
• The target student is obliged (!) To study well.
• If in the process of learning a child suddenly feels that his vocation is a completely different profession and there is a desire to enter or transfer to an educational institution of a completely different profile, he is still obliged to graduate from the university in the specialty specified in the contract and work out the allotted time.
• It is necessary to work out the three years stipulated in the contract at the enterprise that gave the target direction for training. Regardless of the fact that, perhaps, the child would already like to work elsewhere, or he has a more prestigious offer, which is required to get a job soon after graduation, otherwise they will take another person.
• If a student lives (or intends to live), for example, in St. Petersburg, and received a referral from an enterprise in Voronezh (therefore, it paid for all the years of his studies), he will go to Voronezh. As they say, debt payment is red.
• Can a young specialist refuse to work? In principle, it can. But first, he will return the entire amount spent on training to the enterprise.
• Perhaps the work will not be very pleasant, relations in the team will not develop, the salary will seem not high enough. Maybe this position lacks career prospects, but there is a lot of difficulties that arise during labor relations. But you will need to make every effort to join the team and perform work at the enterprise that has done so much for your child, in fact, completely without knowing him.

Therefore, before dwelling on the target admission, you need to think very well, weigh the pros and cons, and then boldly go towards the intended goal, but with open eyes, understanding the consequences, taking full responsibility.

Fee-based university tuition has become the norm today, but the problem is that many truly talented and capable young people cannot afford to pursue higher education. There are very few budget places, so only a few can study for free. But there is another way how to get a higher education diploma and at the same time not pay a penny out of your own pocket - this is the target direction.

What is it and how do I get it? A targeted direction is a direction from a specific organization that undertakes to pay for the tuition of a specific student. In return, the company requires the student to work compulsory after graduation for a period of 3 years. If, for some reason, the target person cannot return to work, he undertakes to return all the money spent on his training.

The target direction has both advantages and disadvantages. If we consider the good sides, then first of all it should be noted that after graduating from university there is no need to look for a job, there is already an organization that has prepared a workplace for yesterday's student. The student studies on a budgetary basis and receives a scholarship. He has no problems finding a place for undergraduate practice. In addition, all materials for scientific and term papers, as well as will be collected at the enterprise that issued the target direction.

But such training has its drawbacks. As a rule, students do not really want to repay the debt to the enterprise that paid for their tuition, so they look for roundabout ways so as not to work out, but not to return the money either. Not always, an organization that sends students can provide a highly paid and prestigious job with the possibility of further career growth. In addition, a student cannot change a specialty only if it is not very closely related to another. It goes without saying that it is necessary to study well, because organizations regularly make requests to universities, checking the progress of target students.

It is known that the target area is much lower than the budget places, so even C grade students can get here. On the other hand, there are few target places, so it is rather problematic to pass the competition. First, you must pass the selection at the enterprise, and then at the university, where the enrollment will be based on the results of the exam. Those who did not get to the target places can apply on a general basis, since the order for the enrollment of "target students" appears before the order for the enrollment of other students.

Basically, “their” people enter targeted training. These can be children whose parents work at the enterprise, applicants who, while still at school, managed to stand out by participating in thematic Olympiads organized by the enterprise. Also, more efficient young people, who rushed in advance and collected the necessary documents, can become target groups.

In principle, it is not so difficult to become a target - there would be a desire. It is necessary to inquire in advance about the enterprises holding the corresponding competitions, to determine with which universities they cooperate. If everything fits, then you need to quickly collect documents and participate in competitive selections.

Target-oriented applicants usually get fewer points for the Unified State Exam, and there are not enough of them to enter a university on a “budget”. Therefore, they turn to government agencies and enterprises for help, which are ready to pay for the entire student's studies, if he then works for them in the company for several years. The system is convenient and has been functioning for a long time, only few know about it. If you also hear about this for the first time, read about it and. Well, we conclude the cycle of publications about target places with the stories of the target audience themselves.

First story. "Thank you mom"

“I am a third year student at a law school. My mother works in the prosecutor's office, and she was engaged in all the necessary papers for the target direction - I remember, she went everywhere, found out everything, collected documents ... In short, almost instead of me she submitted them to the Southern Transport Prosecutor's Office in Rostov-on-Don. The competition was great - about eight people per seat. I successfully passed several aptitude tests, wrote the Unified State Exam, I think it was 230 points, and brought me my gold medal. All of this helped me get my target spot. I have always wanted to work in the authorities and I am very glad that now I have a contract for five years of work in the prosecutor's office. "

Arina, St. Petersburg Law Institute
(branch) of the Academy of the Prosecutor General's Office of the Russian Federation, specialty "Jurisprudence".

The second story. “Well, I'll work as a teacher. Seems not bad"

“The target direction was offered to me at my school. I thought that this would be a good insurance in case I didn’t go through the usual competition - the school was good, the team was pleasant, so I don’t see anything wrong with working there as a teacher for a couple of years. And it was the right decision: I passed the Unified State Exam with 198 points, and I would not have entered the "budget" with such points. When my name appeared in the ranking, for a long time I was alone in the six allocated target places. As a result, there was no competition at all. So if you doubt your scores and want to work in your specialty, be sure to apply for the target one. "

Marina, Murmansk Arctic State University, major in Pedagogical Education, Russian Language and Literature.

Third story. “You can be saved from the awesome competitionthe only way"

“I don’t remember the exact name of the organization with which I have an agreement, but it’s some kind of municipal administration of urban planning and architecture of Novokubansk. I collected all the documents in April, before the exam. There was no competition at all - I was the only one from this customer. In theory, I should work for them after graduation for several years, but this is unlikely to happen, because there are no jobs there. And it is not expected. And I chose targeted training, because there was a drop deadly high competition for budget places - about 50 people per place ”.

Vladimir, Kuban State Agrarian University named after IT Trubilin, specialty “Construction of unique buildings and structures”.

The fourth story. “I have 167 points. Where should I go with them, if not for the target? "

“At the beginning of the 11th grade, I realized that I had to pass physics and that I was not ready for it at all. The likelihood that I would be able to enroll was small. The class teacher told me about the target places, we discussed everything with the parents and decided to try. In March, I already sent my questionnaires everywhere and called. Most said they would take me, but they only need my documents after the USE scores become known. When the exams were over, I called everyone again, and with my 167 points, I was taken to only one enterprise. And I am very happy about that. "

Ksenia, Russian Technological University, specialty "Radio Engineering".

Fifth story. “There is no need to work it out. Need to work"

“I wanted to enter Kazan for the target place, but when the USE results came to me, I had more points than I expected. Then I thought: why not try to enter Moscow? I flew to the capital, went to a company, learned about the specialties for which the competition was announced. At first I doubted, because, for example, I would have entered the Moscow Aviation Institute without the target. But after I went to Baumanka, I realized that I want to study here. So I signed the contract. In the company, by the way, they told me this: “we don’t need to work out” - we need to “work”. Many take the opportunity and then do not return to the companies that paid for their studies. I think this is wrong. And you need to understand all the responsibility that you take upon yourself by signing the contract. "

Sophia, Moscow State Technical University NE Bauman, specialty "Rocket and space composite structures".

Anna Kurskaya, RIA Novosti.

The rules for target training of specialists in state universities in Russia will soon change: target students will conclude contracts with the university and the employer who sent them to study. In accordance with the contract, if a young specialist does not want to work at the place for which he was trained, he will have to pay the tuition fees out of his own pocket, the Minister of Education and Science of the Russian Federation Andrei Fursenko said on Wednesday at a press conference in RIA Novosti.

Until now, target groups have not been responsible for their unwillingness to work in the organization that sent them.

The number of target students will also change, the minister said. that in 2012 the share of their admission will be reduced from 20 to 15%.

Parties must be held accountable

“Today, we have a specialized ministry ordering targeted training, not the Ministry of Education, and we cannot demand from the target person to go to work by profession,” Andrei Fursenko said.

According to him, only the employer can demand from the target person to work in production, for this it is necessary to conclude a contract with him.

"Our idea is to switch to targeted contract training, when the employer participates in the target recruitment. And when the student has an absolutely ironclad obligation either to work in the place for which he was trained, or to pay for the training," the minister emphasized.

According to experts, until now the main problem of targeted admission has been the lack of clear mutual obligations between the enterprise, student and university. Targeted admission in its current form imposes practically no obligations on either side.

Now part of the cases of targeted admission is not regulated by contracts, but is drawn up at the request of the enterprise, and the responsibility of the student for absenteeism at the enterprise is not provided. “They sent a 17-year-old boy to study, 4-5 years have passed, he has matured and changed his mind about going to work at the enterprise. N.E. Bauman on academic work Boris Padalkin.

Targeted admission in all specialties is not needed

According to Andrei Fursenko, today there is no need to train specialists on a targeted basis in those areas where today there is already a surplus of labor, so quotas for targeted people in these sectors will be reduced.

“I can understand the reception of target specialists, for example, in aviation, because there are not very many qualified aviation engineers to work at aviation enterprises, to operate aircraft,” the minister said. “But why target lawyers, I cannot understand. , a bunch of empty seats in the prosecutor's office? We do not have enough people? "

In his opinion, priority should be given to targeted training of specialists in priority areas of the economy and only in those cases when "socially important, significant places are not filled in any other way."

Experts agree that the situation when target-oriented applicants send an application for a specialty not according to the profile of the enterprise, but for a more popular one, has become quite typical today.

“We expect that we will train process engineers, since the enterprise has a large fleet of machine tools, and we are asked to accept, for example, three people to learn information security,” says Boris Padalkin. “According to the current rules, the company's management has the right to do this.”

Target students come with low USE scores

Another reason for the reduction in target admission is related to the struggle with the admission of students with low USE scores, said Andrei Fursenko. “The average scores of the guys enrolled in the competition are lower for the target students than for the guys entering on a competitive basis,” the minister said, answering a question from a RIA Novosti correspondent.

The minister's words are also confirmed by the results of enrollment of applicants posted on the websites of universities. Applicants in the targeted direction go through a separate competition - as a rule, a small one - and in most cases, a targeted applicant for admission needs to have the minimum allowable number of points in the subject. Universities cannot influence this circumstance, since they are obliged to take everyone who was sent with a referral within the quota.

"Often, the criticism that universities are subjected to for admitting applicants with very low USE scores is caused precisely by those who were admitted for targeted admission," emphasizes Boris Padalkin.

However, experts do not believe that lower USE results among target students are always reflected in the level of their preparation at the university.

“This is a difficult question,” Oleg Smolin, Deputy Chairman of the Education Committee of the State Duma of the Russian Federation, told RIA Novosti. they often disagree with the requirements of a unified exam. I know a lot of guys with high USE scores who do not study very well in universities, and vice versa. "

Boris Padalkin does not note an unambiguous relationship between a student's academic performance and the way he enters a university. If a student has good motivation to study, even without becoming an excellent student, he can do without "tails", believes the vice-rector of the Moscow State Technical University. N.E.Bauman on educational work.

“I would not say that target students study poorly. In my opinion, the method of admission affects the student's progress in the first session, and to a much lesser extent in the second. target admission, I do not see, "- he notes.

The legacy of the era of developed socialism

According to the order of the Ministry of Education and Science on the procedure for admission to universities, quotas for targeted admission to state universities are established annually by ministries for each group of specialties in agreement with the Ministry of Education and Science.

In 2011, universities admitted up to 20% of applicants in the target area, and in 2010 - 25%. In total, 230 thousand people were enrolled in the universities of the Ministry of Education and Science in the 2011 admissions campaign for budget places, out of almost 15 thousand for the target recruitment, on August 14, Andrei Fursenko.

Targeted admission was widespread in Soviet times, in the era of state distribution of university graduates.

The government resumed this practice in 2004 due to an acute shortage of personnel in some industries. A state plan for personnel training was adopted, along with a number of other documents and orders designed to revive targeted admission.

The current rules provide for targeted training of specialists at the request of municipalities at the expense of the federal budget. A special commission finds out what specialists are needed by the enterprises of the region, the municipality finds applicants for target places.

The so-called "contract" scheme of targeted admission also operates in universities, when applicants are sent by specific enterprises, which pay for their education. The applicant undertakes the obligation after receiving the diploma to work at the enterprise for at least three years or return all the money for five years of study.

Targeted admission has existed for several years, and while specialists do not undertake to unequivocally assess how effective this form of training is. Nevertheless, there is another way to solve the problem of training specialists needed by the economy. "It is more efficient to work differently: to create attractive jobs," the minister concluded.

There is little joy for the entrant

The admission campaign to universities has entered a decisive phase, and the passions around admission are boiling more than ever. True, the curbing of the mass stamping of fake hundred-point markers of the USE somewhat reduced the degree of boiling. However, another problem arose: the out-of-competition "capture" of a significant part of budgetary places by target groups - children sent to study at a university by large enterprises and who are obliged to work at these enterprises for a specified period after receiving a diploma. Such a complaint came to MK.

A lot of places in the leading universities of the country are allocated in advance and regardless of the results of the examinations of applicants, which makes it impossible for schoolchildren who have passed the USE well to enter there, ”complains Artyom. - Here in the Moscow State Technical University. Bauman for the direction of training "Information systems and technologies" (bachelor's degree) accept only 60 people. Of these, three people "have special rights", 23 people for the Ministry of Industry and Trade, 8 people for Roskosmos, 6 people from the authorities. And out of these 37 people, only one would have a small chance of admission with honest admission, and the USE scores of the rest of the students are sufficient only for universities of a much weaker level!

As a result, Artem counted, for the school graduates who enter according to the results of the Unified State Exam, out of 60 budget places, only about a third remained, while two-thirds did not reach the competition. “There are only 19 places left for the general competition !!! This means that a student who scored 287 points in three exams no longer goes to college, while the majority of schoolchildren who are recruited "through pull" have less than 250 points! " - he is indignant.

Let's clarify right away: there is no talk of pulling in the literal sense of the word. Three "with special rights" are official beneficiaries in terms of medical and social indicators, and their out-of-competition enrollment is legal. As for the remaining 37 people, these are applicants who go to the university according to the target enrollment. The competition for them is really lower than that of “ordinary” applicants, because they do not come from "themselves", but are sent to study by the enterprise, about which a special agreement is drawn up. But for this, like for everything in life, you have to pay. Having received a diploma, a targeted graduate is sent not to a foreign magistracy or to a promising service supervised during his studies, but straight to the enterprise that sent him to study. There will be at least three years to work off the "debt". But no, so you need to return all the funds spent on studies - hundreds of thousands of rubles.

However, this does not make it easier for non-target people, because their competitive places are melting before our eyes due to the targeted recruitment. So on the specialty specified by Artem in Baumank, the admissions committee confirmed to MK, the following situation has developed: “The volume of the target enrollment is set not by the university, but by the Ministry of Education and Science in accordance with the government assignment. It depends on the needs of the state, so each year the number of target groups and their share of the total set are determined anew. It even happens that for some specialties the set of target students sometimes exceeds the number of budget places! "

The Ministry of Education and Science "MK" confirmed that the target admission quota for budget-funded places in universities is set by the founders - the relevant ministries. But at the same time, the ministry “annually, in the course of monitoring the admission campaign, collects information about students enrolled in training within the framework of targeted admission”. "If the USE scores of target students differ significantly from the USE scores of applicants applying on a general basis, this will be a reason to reduce the target admission quota of an educational organization for the next year," the department warns.

Of course, the 2017 entrant is not happy if the university, which he did not get into due to the influx of target students this year, is cut off the target recruitment in the future. However, not everything is so bad: “The mechanism of targeted admission is available to all applicants, and targeted admission to universities takes place on a competitive basis,” the ministry emphasizes. - Within the framework of targeted admission and targeted training, a student at a university prepares for work in a specific organization. Such a mechanism involves employers in the training process, allowing them to meet the demands of the labor market, the demands of industrial areas in personnel needs. "

So think about it, applicant-2018, maybe you can apply for a target student before it's too late? However, as MK emphasized in the acceptance of the Moscow State Technical University, “applications for the target recruitment are submitted with a significant excess. In reality, not all of them come to the university, and we transfer the vacated places to the general competition. "