What is folklore and what genres it includes

Hello, dear blog readers Website. Modern literature has its beginning and one of her foreruns was a folk genre.

Even before the invention of typography, the work of folk creativity was transmitted from mouth to mouth.

Let's look at what folklore in a modern understanding, what functions he performs, who and how he studies, for what signs you can distinguish folklore works and, of course, look at the examples of such works in Russian work.

Folklore is our genetics

The term "folklore" (from the English. Folk-Lore "People's Wisdom") appeared in Europe at the turn of the XVIII-XIX centuries. In Russia, became actively used since the 30s of the nineteenth century.

He summarized the idea of \u200b\u200bliterary and musical works (songs, dances) created by the team of unknown authors from the people for several tens (or hundreds) years in a distant historical past.

Until the twentieth century, folklore also called works of decorative and applied and architectural creativity.

Speaking easier, folklore is oral folk art. Currently, the concept is actively used in a musical and literary sense.

We are interested in the last, and it is important to note that it is he who is the first source of artistic literature. The second source is the spiritual literature, created in such cultural centers as monasteries, influenced the national worldview by cementing moral origins.

Folklore opened the gateways of everyday spoken speech, sources of verbal picture and fabulous fantasy.

Genres of Folklore

Works of oral folk creativity accepted on three varieties:

Lyrical;
Epic;
Dramatic.

As in the artistic literature, Epos, and are presented with traditional genres traditional for each generation. Lyrical songs reveal the hidden topics of folk life.

The following types are distinguished:

historical;
love;
wedding;
funeral;
labor;
road (yamchiktsky);
robbery;
comic.

Epic genres -, fairy tale, tale, sill, non-bail, cheerfish, the tovalism.

Small genres Folklore - Proverb, saying, patter, mystery, boom - also epic elements.

To present folklore dramatic works, it is necessary to see the People's Fatal Fair Theater "Raek". Texts for him were written by special verse - Rašnik. Christmas mysteries, bolagated comedies, cartoons, household sketches - all this popular drama.

Features of folklore works

Carefully reading the definition, you can select several important signs of folklore:

this is our genetic. If the people disappear from the face of the earth, it will be possible to "collect pieces" with the help of fairy tales, legends, proverbs, songs.

Russian folklore

The works of Russian literary folklore are studied from the first steps schools. These are Russian folk fairy tales, proverbs, riddles. Older children get acquainted with epics about Russian heroes.

In high school Schools are studied folklore sources of works of classical literature: the ages and poems A. S. Pushkin, M. Yu. Lermontova, N. V. Gogol. Not knowing the folk plots and characters, in a sense of the alphabet of national picture, it is impossible to fully understand the diversity world of domestic culture.

Many people think that in addition to the "chicken rush", "Kolobka" and "repka" the Russian people have nothing to tell. This is not true. Open the collection of magical fairy tales - addictive reading you are provided!

In a minute of lyrical melancholy, overflow the collection of folk songs, and better listen to them in musical accompaniment. What is happening about them, concerns each, hurts the most secret strings, causes both smiles and tears. This is our sounding life, our knowledgeable thing is that everything in the world is repeated.

What is the meaning of folklore works

Folk creativity is always functional, it is not born from nowhere and always has a clear goal. Scientists offer separate works of folklore For the following types:

Ritual;
Non-stop.

The first type describes the repetition of ritual actions, meaningful for many generations. Life events. Ritual Folklore is divided into family and calendar. The first concerns the milestone of family life: waldness and weddings, the birth of children, the death of relatives. It is widely represented by weddral and funeral songs, accuilding conspiracy.

Separately worth children's folklore With his lullaby, sweatshops, cubes.

Non-stop Folklore is dedicated to the calendar circle of peasant life: the change of the time of the year and the economic activity of the worm-Zemlopashtsa. Each event of the cycle is accompanied by special songs: carols, shafts, stares, etc.

Unjuginary genres include epics, fairy tales, chastushki, riddles, proverbs, sayings.

Studying folklore

See how the folklore is important! That is why it took to create a separate scientific discipline for his study. It is called folkloristic. Along with ethnography, this science explores the life of a simple people.

Ethnographers are engaged in a description of housing, clothing, dishes, food, rituals, discovering objects of material culture, and folklinists Do the same, studying the artistic word.

Their goal is to trace how the species of artistic creativity changed, as new plots and motives appeared, which social and psychological phenomena were reflected in certain works.

Outstanding domestic scientists I. M. Snegirev, I. P. Sakharov, F. I. Boucev, A. N. Veselovsky, P. N. Rybnikov, V. Ya. Prippet and many others became the first collectors of folklore works.

Under their editors, the collections were published, proverbs, tapes recorded by them in expeditions around the country. Having extracted vintage patterns of folk creativity, folklinists give readers a rich world of our sounding past.

Good luck to you! To ambiguous meetings on the blog pages Website

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