Heart Cardiogram Decoding Sine Tachycardia

Any electrocardiogram displays the work of the heart (its electric potential during cuts and relaxation) in 12 curves recorded in 12 leads. These curves differ from each other, as they show the passage of the electrical pulse along various parts of the heart, for example, the first is the front surface of the heart, the third is the rear. To record the ECG in 12 leads to the patient's body in specific places and a certain sequence attach special electrodes.

How to decrypt heart cardiograms: general principles

The main elements of the electrocardiographic curve are:

Analysis of ECG

After receiving an electrocardiogram, the doctor begins to evaluate it in the following sequence:

1. Determines whether the heart is rhythmically reduced, that is, the right rhythm. For this, the intervals between the R teeth are measured, they should be the same everywhere if not - it is already the wrong rhythm.
2. Calculates, at what speed the heart is reduced (heart rate). Make it easily, knowing the ECG record speed and calculating the number of millimeter cells between the adjacent teeth R. Normally does not need to go beyond 60-90 ° CS. per minute.
3. According to specific features (mainly for teeth P), determines the source of excitation in the heart. Normally is a sinus knot, that is, a healthy person is considered a sinus rhythm. Atrial, atrioventricular and ventricular rhythms indicate pathology.
4. It evaluates the conductivity of the heart on the duration of the teeth and segments. For each of them there are ratings of the norm.
5. Determines the electrical axis of the heart (EOS). For very thin people, the more vertical position of the EOS is characterized, for full - more horizontal. When pathology, the axis shifts sharply to the right or left.
6. In detail analyzes the teeth, segments and intervals. Their durability on the cardiogram doctor records from hand in seconds (this is the incomprehensible set of Latin letters and numbers per ECG). Modern electrocardiographs automatically analyze these indicators and immediately issue measurement results, which simplifies the work of the doctor.
7. Gives conclusion. It necessarily indicates the correctness of the rhythm, the source of excitation, heart rate, characterizes the EOS, and also distinguishes specific pathological syndromes (violation of rhythm, conductivity, the presence of overload of individual hearts and damage to myocardium), if there are.

Examples of electrocardiographic conclusions

In a healthy person, an ECG conclusion may look like this: the rhythm of the sinus and CSS 70 Ud. in min. EOS in normal position, pathological changes have not been identified.

Also for some people, sinus tachycardia (acceleration of heart disease) or bradycardia (SPS) can be considered option. In the elderly, there may be a reasonable diffuse or metabolic change in myocardium in conclusion. These states are not critical and after receiving the appropriate treatment and nutritional correction of the patient mainly always disappear.

In addition, in conclusion, it can be about non-specific change in the ST-T interval. This denotes that the changes are not clear and only to determine their cause cannot be determined. Another fairly common state that can be diagnosed by a cardiogram is a violation of repolarization processes, that is, a violation of the restoration of the myocardium of ventricles after excitation. Call this change can both severe heart disease and chronic infections, hormonal imbalance and other reasons that the doctor will face.

Prognostically unfavorable is the conclusions in which there are data on the presence of ischemia myocardium, hypertrophy of the departments of the heart, violation of rhythm and conductivity.

ECG decipher in children

The whole principle of decrypting cardiograms is the same as in adults, but due to the physiological and anatomical features of the children's heart there are differences in the interpretation of normal indicators. This applies primarily to the heart rate, since under 5 years old in children it can exceed 100 ° C. per minute.

Also, kids can register sinus or respiratory arrhythmia (the increase in heart cuts on the breath and gentlement on exhalation) without any pathology. In addition, the characteristics of some teeth and intervals differ from those in adults. For example, a child may have an incomplete blockade of a part of the conductive heart system - the right leg of the Gis beam. All these features, children's cardiologists take into account when they make an opinion on ECG.

ECG features during pregnancy

The body of a pregnant woman passes through various adaptation processes to a new position. Certain changes occur with the cardiovascular system, so the ECG of future mothers can be somewhat different from the results of the study of the heart of a healthy adult. First of all, in the later dates there is a small horizontal deviation of the EOS, caused by a change in the mutual placement of internal organs and the growing uterus.

In addition, the future mothers can register a small sine tachycardia and signs of overloading of individual heart departments. These changes are associated with an increase in blood volume in the body and, as a rule, disappear after delivery. However, their detection cannot be left without a detailed consideration and conducting a more in-depth examination of a woman.

ECG decoding, indicators

Deciphering ECG is a matter of a knowledgeable doctor. At the same time, the method of functional diagnosis is estimated:

• cardiac rhythm - the state of the generators of electrical pulses and the state of the conductive heart system conducting these pulses
• the state of the muscles of the heart (myocardium). The presence or absence of its inflammation, damage, thickens, oxygen starvation, electrolyte imbalance

However, modern patients often have access to their medical documents, in particular, to electropocardiography films on which medical conclusions are written. With its diversity, these records can bring to a panic disorder even balanced, but unreoughthended person. Indeed, it is unknown to be often unknown to the patient, how dangerous for life and health is what is written on the turnover of the ECG film with hand of functional diagnostics, and before receiving the therapist or cardiologist a few more days.

To reduce the intensity of passions, immediately warn readers that neither a serious diagnosis (myocardial infarction, acute rhythm violations) functional diagnostic of the patient from the office will not release, and, at a minimum, send it to a consultation to a specialist's colleague immediately. On the rest of the "secrets of the Polyshill" in this article. Under all obscure cases of pathological changes to the ECG, ECG control, daily monitoring (HALTER), ECHO cardioscopy (heart ultrasound) and load tests (Tredmil, cyergometry) are prescribed.

Figures and Latin letters in decoding ECG

PQ- (0.12-0.2C) - time of atrioventricular conduction. Most often lengthened against the background of AV blockad. Crocked with CLC and WPW syndromes.

P - (0.1C) Height 0.25-2.5 mm describes the reductions of the atria. May talk about their hypertrophy.

QRS - (0.06-0.1C)-serearch complex

Qt - (no more than 0.45 c) is lengthened during oxygen starvation (myocardial ischemia. Infarction) and the threat of rhythm disorders.

RR - the distance between the tops of the ventricular complexes reflects the regularity of cardiac abbreviations and makes it possible to calculate the heart rate.

Deciphering ECG in children is represented in Fig.3

Cardiac Description Options

Sinus rhythm

This is the most common inscription found on the ECG. And, if nothing more is added and the frequency (heart rate) from 60 to 90 shots per minute (for example, CSS 68`) is the most prosperous option indicating that the heart works like a clock. This is a rhythm asked by a sinus node (the main driver of the rhythm generating electric impulses forcing the heart to shrink). At the same time, sinus rhythm involves the well-being, both in the state of this node, and the health of the conductive heart system. The lack of other records denies pathological changes in the heart muscle and means that the ECG is normal. In addition to sinus rhythm, there may be atrial, atrioventricular or ventricular, indicating that the rhythm is defined by cells in these heart departments and is considered pathological.

This is the option of the norm in young people and children. This rhythm, in which pulses come out of the sinus node, but the gaps between the abbreviations of the heart are different. This may be associated with physiological changes (respiratory arrhythmia, when heart cuts are cut in exhalation). Approximately 30% of sinus arrhythmia require observation from a cardiologist, since threatened to develop more serious rhythm disorders. This is arrhythmia after transferred rheumatic fever. Against the background of myocarditis or after it, against the background of infectious diseases, heart defects and in persons with hereditary heredity in arrhythmias.

These are rhythmic reductions in the heart with a frequency of less than 50 per minute. Healthy bradycardia happens, for example, in a dream. Also bradycardia often manifests itself from professional athletes. Pathological bradycardia may indicate a sinus node weakness syndrome. At the same time, bradycardia is more pronounced (heart rate from 45 to 35 blows per minute on average) and is observed at any time of the day. When bradycardia causes a pause in heart abbreviations to 3 seconds during the day and about 5 seconds at night, leads to disorders of the supply of tissues with oxygen and manifests itself, for example, fainting, an operation to establish an electrostimulator of a heart, which replaces the sinus node, imposing the heart normal reduction rhythm.

Sinus tachycardia

CSS more than 90 per minute - divided into physiological and pathological. In healthy sinus tachycardia, the physical and emotional load is accompanied, the use of coffee is sometimes strong tea or alcohol (especially energy drinks). It is short-term and after the episode of tachycardia, cardiac rhythm returns to the norm in a short period of time after stopping the load. With patological tachycardia, heartbeat is disturbed by the patient alone. Its reasons are raised temperatures, infections, bloodstures, dehydration, thyrotoxicosis, anemia, cardiomyopathy. Treat the main disease. Sinus tachycardia will be stopped only with a heart attack or acute coronary syndrome.

Ecstarystolia.

These are violations of the rhythm under which the foci outside the sinus rhythm give extraordinary heart abbreviations, after which the pause doubly called compensatory. In general, heartbeat perceived by the patient as uneven, rapid or slow, sometimes chaotic. Most disturbed failures in the heart rhythm. There may be unpleasant sensations in the chest in the form of jolts, tingling, feelings of fear and emptiness in the stomach.

Not all extrasystoles are dangerous to health. Most and they do not lead to essential circulatory disorders and do not threaten any life or health. They can be functional (against the background of panic attacks, cardioneath, hormonal failures), organic (with IHD, heart defects. Myocardiodestrophs or cardiopathy, myocardits). Also, intoxication and operations on the heart can also contain them. Depending on the place of occurrence, the extrasystoles are divided into atrial, ventricular and antyrioventricular (arising in the node on the border between the atrium and ventricles).

• Single extrasystoles are most often rare (less than 5 per hour). They are usually functional and do not interfere with normal blood supply.
• Paired extrasystoles are two accompanying a number of normal abbreviations. Such a violation of the rhythm more often talks about pathology and requires reduction (Halter monitoring).
• Allritemia - more complex types of extrasystole. If each second abbreviation is an extrasystole - it is a big behavior, if every third - triginemia, every fourth-kavernia.

Adopted ventricular extrasystoles to share for five classes (on a launa). They are estimated at the daily monitoring of the ECG, since the indicators of the usual ECG in a few minutes can not show anything.

• Grade 1 - Single rare extrasystoles with a frequency of up to 60 per hour emanating from one hearth (monotopic)
• 2 - frequent monotopic over 5 per minute
• 3 - Frequent polymorphic (different shapes) Polytopic (from different foci)
• 4a - pair, 4b - group (triginal), episodes of paroxysmal tachycardia
• 5 - Early Extrasyistols

The higher the class, the more serious violation, although today even 3 and 4 classes do not always require drug treatment. In general, if the ventricular extrasystole is less than 200 per day, they should be attributed to functional and not worry about their occasion. At more frequent, the ECHO COP is shown, sometimes - MRI of the heart. It is not treated by extrasistolism, but a disease that leads to it.

Paroxysmal tachycardia

In general, paroxysm is an attack. The bouts of rhythm can continue for a few minutes to several days. At the same time, the gaps between cardiac abnormments will be the same, and the rhythm will increase over 100 per minute (on average from 120 to 250). Distinguish the supersparce and ventricular forms of tachycardia. The basis of this pathology is an abnormal circulation of an electrical pulse in a conductive heart system. Such pathology is subject to treatment. From domestic ways to eliminate attack:

• breath Delay
• enhanced forced cough
• immersion of a face in cold water

WPW-syndrome

Wolf-Parkinson-White is a type of paroxysmal superstar tachycardia. Named by the names of the authors describing it. At the heart of the appearance of tachycardia - the presence of an additional nerve beam between the atrialists and ventricles, according to which a faster impulse is passed than from the main driver of the rhythm.

As a result, an extraordinary reduction of the heart muscle occurs. The syndrome requires conservative or surgical treatment (with the inefficiency or intolerance of antiarrhythmic tablets, with the episodes of atrial fibrillation, with associated heart defects).

CLC - Syndrome (Clerk-Levi-Kristesko)

it is similar to the mechanism on WPW and is characterized by earlier compared to the norm of the excitation of ventricles due to an additional beam, which is nervous impulse. The syndrome is congenital manifested by the attacks of rapid heartbeats.

Cleaning arrhythmia

It can be in the form of an attack or constant shape. It manifests itself in the form of atrial fluttering or flicker.

Atrial flicker

Atrial fibrillation

When flickering, the heart is reduced completely irregular (the intervals between the abbreviations of the most different duration). This is explained by the fact that the rhythm sets the sinus node, but other atrial cells.

It turns out the frequency of 350 to 700 shots per minute. There is simply no full-fledged atrial reduction, the cutting muscle fibers do not make effective filling in the blood of the ventricles.

As a result, it worsens the heap of blood and from oxygen starvation, organs and tissues suffer from oxygen starvation. Another name of the atrial flicker is atrial fibrillation. Not all atrial abbreviations reach the ventricles of the heart, so the heart rate (and pulse) will be either below the norm (bradyistolia with a frequency of less than 60), or normally (normosystem from 60 to 90), or above the norm (tachiisistol, more than 90 shots per minute ).

The attack of flicker arrhythmia is difficult to skip.

• Usually it begins with a strong push of the heart.
• It develops as a series of absolutely neurotic heartbeats with a large or normal frequency.
• The condition accompany weakness, sweating, dizziness.
• The fear of death is very pronounced.
• Maybe shortness of breath, general excitement.
• Sometimes there is a loss of consciousness.
• Ends the attack by normalization of the rhythm and urination at urination, in which a large amount of urine leaves.

To relieve the attack, use reflex methods, preparations in the form of tablets or injections or resort to cardioversion (electrical stimulation by an electric defibrillator). If the attack of the flicker arrhythmia is not eliminated for two days, the risks of thrombotic complications increase (pulmonary artery thrombolism, stroke).

With a constant shape of the flickering of the heartbeat (when the rhythm is not restored by no background of the drugs, neither on the background of the electrostimulation of the heart) become a more familiar satellite of patients and are felt only with tachiisistolia (rapid neurotic heartbeats). The main task is to be detected to the ECG signs of the TachiSistolis of the constant form of atrial fibrillation - this is the gentle of the rhythm to the normosisystem without attempts to make it rhythm.

Examples of entries on ECG films:

• atrial fibrillation, tachiisistolic version, heart rate 160 V.
• Atrial fibrillation, normalistic variant, CSS 64 V '.

Cleaning arrhythmia can develop in the program of ischemic heart disease, against the background of thyrotoxicosis, organic heart defects, with diabetes, sinus node weak syndrome, with intoxication (most often alcohol).

Atrial tremble

These are frequent (more than 200 per minute) regular atrial reductions and the same regular, but more rare cuts in ventricles. In general, fluttering is more common in acute uniform and is transferred better than flicker, since the circulatory disorders are less pronounced. Trepping develops at:

• organic Heart Diseases (Cardiomyopathy, Heart Failure)
• after operations on the heart
• against the background of obstructive lung diseases
• in healthy, it does not occur almost never

Clinically fluttering is manifested by rapid rhythmic heartbeat and pulse, swelling of the cervical veins, shortness of breath, sweating and weakness.

Violations of conductivity

Normally, formed in a sinus unit, electrical excitement is based on a conductive system, experiencing physiological delay in a fraction of a second in an atrioventricular node. At its path, the impulse stimulates to reduce the atrium and ventricles, which patch blood. If at some of the sections of the conductive system, the pulse is delayed longer than the prescribed time, then the excitation to the underlying departments will come later, and it means that the normal pumping work of the heart muscle will be offended. Conductivity disorders are called blockade. They may occur as functional disorders, but more often are the results of medicinal or alcohol intoxication and organic heart disease. Depending on the level on which they occur, there are several types of them.

Sinoatrial blockade

When the pulse output from the sinus node is difficult. In fact, this leads to the syndrome of the weakness of the sinus node, reducing cuts to pronounced bradycardia, violations of the blood supply to the periphery, shortness of breath, weakness, dizziness and loss of consciousness. The second degree of this blockade is the name of Samoilov-Vestcabach syndrome.

Atrioventriacinal blockade (AV block)

This is an excitation delay in an atrioventricular node of a share of 0.09 seconds. There are three degrees of this type of blockade. The higher the degree, the stronger the ventricles are reduced, the hardest circulatory disorder.

• Under the first delay, allows each atria reduction to maintain an adequate number of ventricular reductions.
• The second degree leaves a part of the atrial cuts without cutting of ventricles. It is described depending on the elongation of the PQ interval and the loss of ventricular complexes, as Mobitz 1, 2 or 3.
• The third degree is called a complete transverse blockade. Atrium and ventricles begin to shrink without interconnection.

At the same time, the ventricles do not stop, because they are subject to rhythm drivers from the underlying heads of the heart. If the first degree of the blockade may not manifest itself and detect only with an ECG, the second is already characterized by the sensations of the periodic stop of the heart, weakness, fatigue. With full blockades, brain symptoms (dizziness, flies in the eyes) are added to manifestations. Morgali-Edams-Stokes bouts may develop (with slipping of the ventricles from all rhythm drivers) with loss of consciousness and even convulsions.

Violation of conduction inside ventricles

In the ventricles to muscle cells, the electrical signal applies to such elements of the conductive system, as the trunk of the beam of Gis, its legs (left and right) and leg branches. Blockada may occur on any of these levels, which is also reflected in the ECG. At the same time, instead of covered by excitation at the same time, one of the ventricles is delayed, since the signal to it goes to bypass the blocked area.

In addition to the location of the occurrence, there is a complete or incomplete blockade, as well as constant and non-permanent. The causes of intraventricular blockade are similar to other conductivity disorders (IBS, MIO and endocardits, cardiomyopathy, heart defects, arterial hypertension, fibrosis, heart tumors). Also affect the reception of anti-theirsics drugs, the increase in potassium in the blood plasma, acidosis, oxygen starvation.

• The most frequently considered blockade of the reserved branch of the left leg of the Gis beam (BPVLNPG).
• In second place - blockade of the right leg (BPNPG). This blockade is usually not accompanied by heart disease.
• The blockade of the left leg of the Gis beam is more characteristic of the myocardial lesions. At the same time, a complete blockade (PBPNPG) is worse than incomplete (NBBNPG). It sometimes has to distinguish from WPW syndrome.
• The blockade of the rear-line branch of the left leg of the Gis beam can be in individuals with a narrow and elongated or deformed chest. From pathological conditions, it is more characteristic of overloading the right ventricle (with TEL or heart defects).

The clinic itself blockade at the levels of the Gis beam is not expressed. The first place comes out the picture of the main cardiac pathology.

• Bailey syndrome is a two-hand blockade (right leg and back branch of the left feet of the Gis beam).

Myocardial hypertrophy

With chronic overloads (pressure, volume), the heart muscle in some sections begins to thicken, and the chambers of the heart stretch. On ECG, similar changes are usually described as hypertrophy.

• Left ventricular hypertrophy (GLL) is typical for arterial hypertension, cardiomyopathy, a number of heart defects. But in the normal place in athletes, obese patients and people engaged in severe physical labor, signs of the GLB can meet.
• Hypertrophy of the right ventricle - the undoubted sign of increasing pressure in the system of pulmonary blood flow. Chronic pulmonary heart, obstructive diseases of the lungs, cardiac vices (stenosis of the pulmonary trunk, Tetrad Fallo, the interventricular septum defect) lead to the IGU.
• Hypertrophy of the left atrium (GLP) - in mitral and aortic stenosis or insufficiency, hypertension, cardiomyopathy, after myocarditis.
• Hypertrophy of the right atrium (GPP) - with a pulmonary heart, vices of a tricuspid valve, thoracic deformations, pulmonary pathology and TEL.
• Indirect signs of ventricular hypertrophy is the deviation of the electrical axis of the heart (EOC) to the right or left. The left type of EOS is the deviation of it to the left, that is, the GLB, the right - GPG.
• Systolic overload is also a testimony of hypertrophy of the hearts. Less often is the testimony of ischemia (in the presence of angina patient pain).

Changes in the contractual ability of myocardium and its nutrition

Early venture repolarization syndrome

Most often, the option is the norm, especially for athletes and persons with congenital high body weight. Sometimes associated with myocardial hypertrophy. Refers to the peculiarities of the passage of electrolytes (potassium) through the membranes of cardiocytes and features of proteins, of which the membranes are built. It is considered a risk factor for a sudden stop of the heart, but the clinic does not give and most often remains without consequences.

Moderate or pronounced diffuse changes in myocardium

This is evidence of the disorder of myocardial nutrition as a result of dystrophy, inflammation (myocarditis) or cardiosclerosis. Also reversible diffuse changes accompany the disorders of the water and electrolyte balance (with vomiting or diarrhea), the use of drugs (diuretic), severe physical exertion.

This is a sign of a deterioration in myocardial nutrition without pronounced oxygen fasting, for example, in violation and balance of electrolytes or against the background of the dormriconal states.

Acute Ischemia, Ischemic Changes, Changes on Teeth T, Depression ST, Low T

This describes reversible changes associated with oxygen starvation of myocardium (ischemia). This can be both stable angina and unstable, acute coronary syndrome. In addition to the resistance of the changes themselves, their location (for example, subendocardial ischemia) is described. A distinctive feature of such changes is their reversibility. In any case, such changes require comparisons of this ECG with old films, and in suspected of a heart attack of troponic express tests for damage to myocardium or coronary and coronary and coronary and coronary frame. Depending on the variant of ischemic heart disease, anti-chemical treatment is chosen.

Developed infarction

It is usually described:

• in stages. acute (up to 3 days), acute (up to 3 weeks), under-3 months (up to 3 months), scar (all life after infarction)
• in volume. transmural (large-scale), subendocardial (small-scale)
• by the location of heart attacks. There are front and front-side, side, basal, side, lower (posteriorophragmal), circular top, posterior-domed and right-handed.

All varieties of syndromes and specific changes to the ECG, the difference of indicators for adults and children, the abundance of the reasons leading to the same-type ECG changes, do not allow a non-specialist to interpret even the finished conclusion of a functional diagnostic. Much more sensible, having an ECG result in his arms, to promptly visit the cardiologist and get competent recommendations for the further diagnosis or treatment of its problem, significantly reduce the risks of urgent cardiac states.

How to conduct decryption of ECG hearts?

Electrocardiographic study is the easiest, but very informative method of studying the work of the patient's heart. The result of such a procedure is the ECG. The incomprehensible lines on the paper sheet contain a lot of information about the status and functioning of the main body in the human body. Deciphering ECG indicators is quite simple. The main thing about to know some secrets and features of this procedure, as well as the norms of all indicators.

Exactly 12 curves are recorded on the ECG. Each of them tells about the work of each particular part of the heart. So, the first curve is the front surface of the heart muscle, and the third line is the rear surface. To record the cardiogram of all 12 assignments, the electrodes are attached to the patient's body. Does this specialist consistently establishing them in specific places.

Principles of decoding

Each curve on the chart of the cardiogram has its own elements:

• Teeth, which are convexities, fixed down or up. All of them are latin large letters. "P" shows the work of heart atrial. "T" is the restoration possibilities of myocardium.
• Segments are the distance between several rising or lowering teeth, located next door. Doctors are especially important indicators of such segments as ST, as well as PQ.
• The interval is a gap that includes the segment, and the tooth.

Each specific ECG element shows a certain process that occurs directly in the heart. According to their width, height and other parameters, the doctor has the ability to correctly decipher the data obtained.

How is the result analysis?

As soon as the specialist receives an electrocardiogram in his hands, its decryption begins. This is done in a certain strict sequence:

1. The correct rhythm is determined by the intervals between "R" -D.. They must be equal. Otherwise, we can conclude that the rhythm of the heart is incorrect.
2. With the help of ECG, it is possible to determine the heart rate. To do this, you need to know the speed with which the records recorded. Additionally, it will also be necessary to calculate the number of cells between the two teeth "R". The norm is from 60 to 90 shots per minute.
3. The source of excitation in the heart muscle is determined by a number of specific features. This will tell, among other things, and the assessment of the parameters of the "P" tooth. The norm implies that the source is a sinus node. Therefore, a healthy person is always a sinus rhythm. If the ventricular, atrial or any other rhythm is observed, then this indicates the presence of pathology.
4. Specialist assesses the conductivity of the heart. It happens on the duration of each segment and the teeth.
5. The electrical axis of the heart, if it is shifting to the left or right enough sharply, may also indicate the availability of problems with the cardiovascular system.
6. Each teeth, the interval and the segment are analyzed individually and in detail. Modern ECG devices immediately automatically issue indicators of all measurements. It greatly simplifies the work of the doctor.
7. Finally, the specialist makes conclusion. It indicates the decoding of the cardiogram. If any pathological syndromes were found, they are defined there.

Normal figures of adults

The norm of all cardiogram indicators is determined by the analysis of the position of the teeth. But the heart rhythm is always measured by the distance between the highest teeth "R" - "R". In normal condition, they should be equal. The maximum difference can be no more than 10%. Otherwise, it will not be no longer the norm, which should be within 60-80 ripples per minute. If the sinus rhythm is more frequent, then the patient has tachycardia. On the contrary, a slow sinus rhythm indicates a disease that is called bradycardia.

The P-QRS-T intervals will tell about the passage of the pulse directly in all cordial departments. The norm is an indicator from 120 to 200 ms. On the chart it looks like 3-5 squares.

Having measured the width of the K tooth Q to the teeth of S, it is possible to obtain ideas about the excitation of the ventricles of the heart. If this is the norm, then the width will be equal to 60-100 ms.

The duration of the reduction in ventricles can be determined if the Q-T interval is measured. The norm is 390-450 ms. If it is somewhat longer, you can diagnose: rheumatism, ischemia, atherosclerosis. In case the interval is shortened, you can talk about hypercalcemia.

What do the teeth mean?

In obligatory when deciphering the ECG, you need to trace the height of all teeth. It may indicate the presence of serious heart pathologies:

• Teeth Q is an excitation indicator of the left cardiac partition. The norm is a quarter of the length of the prisoner R. In the event of its exceeding there is a possibility of necrotic myocardial pathology;
• Teeth S is an indicator of the excitation of those partitions that are in the basal layers of the ventricles. The norm in this case is 20 mm in height. If there are deviations, it indicates ischemic disease.
• Tusk R in ECG talks about the activity of the walls of all the ventricles of the heart. It is fixed in all curves of the cardiogram. If there is no activity somewhere, then it makes sense to suspect ventricular hypertrophy.
• Teeth T is manifested in I and II lines, as directed up. But in the VR curve, it is always negative. When the ECG is too tall and sharp, the doctor suspects hyperkalemia. If it is long and flat, that is, the likelihood of the development of hypochalemia.

Normal children's electrocardiogram indicators

In childhood, the rate of ECG indicators may differ somewhat, rather than the characteristics of an adult:

1. Czech kids up to 3 years old - about 110 risks per minute, and at the age of 3-5 years - 100 shots. This figure in adolescents is already below - 60-90 ripples.
2. The QRS testimony rate is 0.6-0.1 s.
3. Tusk P in the norm should not be more than 0.1 s.
4. The electrical axis of the heart in children should remain without any changes.
5. Rhythm is only sinus.
6. On the ECG, the Q-T interval may exceed 0.4 s, and the P-Q must be 0.2 s.

Sinus heart rhythm in the decoding of the cardiogram is expressed depending on the heart rate from breathing. This means that the heart muscle is reduced normally. In this case, the pulsation is equal to 60-80 shocks per minute.

Why are the indicators different?

Often, patients face the situation when their ECG indicators are different. What is it connected with? To get the most accurate results, a lot of factors should be taken into account:

1. Distortion when recording a cardiogram may be due to technical problems. For example, with incorrect gluing results. And many Roman numbers look equally both in the inverted and in the right position. It happens that the schedule is incorrectly cut or the first or the last teeth is lost.
2. Important preliminary preparation for the procedure. On the day of the ECG, it is not necessary to breakfast tightly, it is desirable even to refuse to completely. It will be necessary to abandon the use of liquid, including coffee and tea. After all, they stimulate heart rhythm. Accordingly, the final indicators are distorted. It is best to pre-take a shower, but no means for the body do not need. Finally, during the procedure you need to relax as much as possible.
3. It is impossible to exclude the wrong arrangement of the electrodes.

Check your heart best on the electrocardiograph. It will help to carry out the procedure as correct as possible and accurately. In order to confirm the diagnosis that the ECG results indicated, the doctor will always appoint additional research.