Hellenic goddess of the dawn. In Roman mythology, goddess of the dawn
Myths and Legends * Eos (Aurora)Eos (Aurora)
Aurora (Adolphe-William Bouguereau)
Wikipedia
Aurora(from Latin aura - “pre-dawn breeze”, among the Greeks Eos) - goddess of the dawn, daughter of Hyperion and Theia, sister of Helios and Selene and wife of the Titan Astraea.
The goddess Aurora gave birth to the titan Astraea Zephyr, Boreas and Notus, as well as Hesperus and other constellations. In Roman mythology, she is the goddess of dawn, bringing daylight to gods and people.
She was usually depicted winged, often on a chariot drawn by winged or unwinged horses, in a red and yellow robe, sometimes with a solar disk above her head, with a halo or crown of rays around her forehead, or with a torch in her right hand, sometimes also with vessels (of dew) in hand.
The asteroid (94) Aurora, discovered in 1867, is named after Aurora.Sunrise (Francois Boucher (1703-1770)
Aurora- (In Roman mythology, the goddess of the dawn, corresponding to the Greek Eos).
Eos(ancient Greek Ἕως , epic Ἠώς , Mycenaean a-wo-i-jo) in Greek mythology, the goddess of the dawn. Second generation Titanide: daughter of the Titan Hyperion and the Titanide Theia, sister of Helios and Selene. According to another version, her mother was Hyperion's sister Eirithaesa. Considering that during the revolt of the giants, Zeus temporarily forbade both Selene and Helios and Eos from shining, she, along with her relatives, is a bearer of light.Apollo and Aurora (Gerard de Lairesse (1640-1711)
In her marriage to the giant Astraeus, Aurora gave birth to Boreas, Notus and Zephyr, the Morning Star (Venus), and, according to many, all the other stars in the heavens. The fact that Eos gave birth to all the winds except the east (which itself was considered fertilizing) suggests its close connection or identity with Astraeus. During the revolt of the titans, Astraeus rebelled against Zeus and was cast into Tartarus - it is not known for certain whether this happened before or after Eos’s many love interests.
In Homer, Eos is described as “rosy-fingered,” leading Helios daily to heaven, leaving her beloved Tithon still sleeping. On Greek vases she is depicted as winged, often riding a chariot drawn by four horses (quadriga). It was believed that she lives in Ethiopia and goes to heaven through the silver gate. She is wearing a saffron robe, and the stallions Lamp and Phaeton are harnessed to the chariot. Painting the sky pink and sending its rays first to Olympus and then to the earth to awaken people, Dawn announces the approach of Helios. With his appearance, Eos becomes Hemera (Day) and accompanies the sun all the way, finally turning into Hespera (Evening) on the western shore of the Ocean.
Eos is also known for her eternal and unquenchable passion for mortal youths. Aphrodite inspired this desire in her in retaliation for the fact that Eos shared a bed with Ares. Since then, shy and secretive, she seduces them one after another. Her lovers were: Orion, Cephalus, grandson Melampus Cleitus. Graves, however, considers the love adventures of Eos only an allegory: with dawn, erotic passion returns to lovers, and attraction usually arises in men.
Having fallen in love with Orion, Eos persuaded her brother Helios to restore his sight. After that, they shared a bed on the sacred island of Delos, from this shamelessness Dawn blushed, and remained crimson.Aurora and Cephalus (P. N. Guerin)
Mullet was already married to Procris when he attracted the favorable attention of the goddess. Eos opened up to him, but he politely refused her on the grounds that he could not deceive Procris, with whom he was bound by an oath of eternal fidelity. Eos objected that she would easily break her oath in exchange for gold. To convince Cephalus, she made him look like a certain Pteleon and advised him to seduce Procris, promising a golden crown. When this was easily accomplished, Cephalus, without remorse, became the beloved of Eos, who aroused painful jealousy in Procris.
Aurora and Typhon (Francesco de Mura (1696-1784)
Typhon(Titon) is the most beautiful son of the Trojan king Laomedon (according to other versions - Tros or Ilus) and the brother of Priam. Eos kidnapped him and took him with her to Ethiopia, where she made him king and gave birth to Memnon from him. In another version, Tithon was kidnapped by the goddess along with his brother Ganymede, but Zeus took him from her. In return, Eos begged him to grant immortality to Tithon, but forgot to ask for eternal youth (like Selene for Endemion). When Tithon began to grow old, and Eos was tired of caring for him, she locked him in her bedroom, where he gradually dried up and turned into a cicada.
The abduction of Ganymede is seen by Graves as a misreading of the ancient image by a later mythographer, who perceived the image of the bride in the scene of the sacred marriage with the new king as an image of Eos.
After the death of his son Memnon at the hands of Achilles, Eos mourns him every morning, and the tears fall like the morning dew.“Aurora” is a marble statue depicting an allegory of Morning (or Dawn),
created by Michelangelo during 1526-1531.Irving Stone’s biographical novel “Torment and Joy” (1961) emphasizes the fact that Michelangelo, apart from Madonnas, had not made female statues in marble before, therefore “Night” and “Morning” occupy a special place in his work. In the work about the statue it is written as follows: “[Michelangelo] carved “Morning” - a woman who had not yet fully awakened, captured on the verge of dream and reality; her head was still sleepily resting on her shoulder; the ribbon pulled tightly under the breasts only emphasized their volume, their bulbous shape; the abdominal muscles sagged slightly, the womb was tired from bearing the fetus; the whole difficult path of her life was read in her half-closed eyes, in her half-open mouth; raised, as if broken at the elbow, the left arm hung in the air and was ready to fall the moment the woman lifted her head from her shoulder to look into the face of the day.”
Emblematics
In MC (Emblemata and Symbols) Aurora refers to the section “Times and Changes, or the Passage of Time,” to Daytime Times. The following is said about it:
Aurora statue (Krasnodar city)- Aurora, the morning star, morning or morning time, appears as a winged woman, with a star on her head, sometimes as a young nymph, crowned with flowers, sitting in a scarlet or purple chariot, drawn by Pegasus, with a torch in her right hand, scattering roses with her left. Sometimes with a great veil stretched far back, with ruddy breasts and scarlet horses. Sometimes with a rooster standing next to her.
Aurora (Eos) is a popular figure in Baroque painting (most often palace ceilings and vaults). There are many varieties of its image:* flying in front of Helios's chariot with a torch;
* ruling chariot (two or four),
* riding on the winged Pegasus, scattering flowers on its way;
* her flight is often watched by the bearded Typhon (Tithon);
* often she and the chariot of the Sun are surrounded by young Oras - goddesses of the seasons.Also often depicted are receding night clouds and an illuminated horizon.
Aurora (Auguste Fragonard)
Aurora and Cephalus; kidnapping of Cephalus
Aurora's passion for Cephalus was reinterpreted by Italian Baroque playwrights and, being popular, was widely used by artists. According to this story, the passion for Cephalus is the strongest among Eos. The fact that he rejected her forced Eos to neglect his daily duty, bringing Helios to heaven. Cupid saved the world from Khoas by forcing Cephalus to reciprocate her feelings. Happy Aurora carried the young man in her chariot to heaven. "Kidnapping" Cephalus means his capture rather than sexual violence, as in the cases of the kidnappings of Europa and Proserpina.
Aurora (Michelangelo Buonarroti)- Aurora (winged) is depicted rapidly flying from the sky down to Cephalus. Her chariot awaits them on the clouds, surrounded by cupids. In another interpretation, Cephalus is on a chariot, still trying to reject Aurora's embrace, while old Tithon lies nearby and sleeps, unaware of what is happening.
Aurora also appears in the story of Cephalus and Procris, another dramatic adaptation dating from the same time.
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Studying ancient mythology is a fascinating activity. The ancient Greeks believed that Mount Olympus was home to a whole host of gods and goddesses who ruled people and the world. Some were responsible for social spheres (marriage, power, crafts, fertility, war), others for philosophical categories (death, time, life, fate, love, wisdom), others for natural objects and phenomena (day, night, stars, dawn, sea, fire, earth, wind).
Following the Greeks, the Romans began to worship the same Olympian gods, adopting many cultural elements from the Greeks. If we talk about the differences between the ancient Greek and ancient Roman gods, they are very insignificant and relate only to names. For example: Artemis - Diana, Poseidon - Neptune, Athena - Minerva, Zeus - Jupiter, etc.
As for the functions, genealogical trees and relationships of gods and goddesses, all this was completely transferred from Greek mythology to Roman. So the ancient Greek pantheon became the ancient Roman one, changing only the names of the gods and goddesses.
Place of Eos (Aurora) in the family tree
Initially, 12 divine beings lived on Olympus: 6 men and 6 women. They became the progenitors of the next generations of gods and goddesses. In one of the branches of the genealogy coming from the ancient gods, the goddess of the dawn Eos (or, according to the ancient Roman tradition, Aurora) was born. It is believed that all ancient goddesses are bearers of various feminine qualities and traditionally performed roles: mother, wife, daughter.
Eos (Aurora), the goddess of the dawn, is a representative of the third generation of Olympian gods. Her parents were the Titan Hyperion and the Titanide Theia. Aurora's name comes from the Latin word aura, which means "pre-dawn breeze". The goddess's brother is Helios, her sister is Selene.
From her marriage with the titan of the starry sky, Astraeus, all the night stars were born, as well as all the winds: the formidable and cold Boreas (northern), the fog-bearing Not (southern), the warm and rainy Zephyr (western) and the changeable Eurus (eastern).
Images of the goddess
The goddess of the dawn is called upon to bring daylight first to Olympus, then to earth, first to the gods, then to people. The Greeks believed that Eos lives in Ethiopia (on the eastern edge of the Ocean), and enters heaven through a silver gate.
As a rule, the goddess was depicted in a red and yellow (or “saffron”) robe and with wings behind her back. Often she flew across the sky in a chariot drawn by two or four white horses (sometimes winged, sometimes not). One of the horses was named Lampos, the other was Phaeton.
Homer called the goddess Eos “fine-haired” and “rosy-fingered.” The last epithet is explained by the fact that pink stripes appear in the sky before sunrise, similar to the fingers of a hand that Eos (Aurora) stretches forward. The goddess held vessels full of dew in her hands. A halo, a solar disk or a crown of rays shone above her head. In many images, the Roman goddess of the dawn appears holding a torch in her right hand and flying in front of the chariot of Sol (Helios) - the sun god - and leading him behind her.
Sometimes she is depicted flying through the sky riding Pegasus and scattering flowers around her. In paintings of Eos-Aurora you can often see a brightening morning horizon and receding night clouds. Ancient myths explain the scarlet or crimson light of dawn by the fact that the beautiful goddess was very passionate, and the sky was embarrassed by the nights she spent with her beloved young men.
Eos-Aurora and her lovers
The loveliness for which the goddess of the dawn was famous was manifested in her craving for earthly and mortal youths. This weakness was a consequence of the spell cast on her by another inhabitant of Olympus - the goddess of love Aphrodite, who was overcome by anger and jealousy after Eos shared a bed with Ares, Aphrodite's lover. Since then, under her spell, the goddess of the dawn fell in love only with mortals, whose youth and beauty inevitably faded over the years.
Eos and Tithon
The feeling of love and passion for earthly youths was both a blessing and a curse for the immortal Eos. The goddess fell in love, but was not always happy. The sad story is told in the myth of her and her lover Titon, the son of the Trojan king.
Inflamed with feelings for the beautiful young man, she kidnapped him and carried him on her heavenly chariot over the eastern edge of the Ocean, to Ethiopia. There Titon became king, as well as the husband of a beautiful goddess, who gave birth to his beloved son, the demigod Memnon.
Being immortal and wanting to prolong her happiness forever, Eos asked the supreme god Zeus to grant immortality to Tithon. However, due to the absent-mindedness characteristic of lovers, the pink-fingered goddess forgot to clarify that the young man should not only become immortal, but also remain forever young. Because of this fatal mistake, the happiness of Eos and Tithon did not last long.
The human age is short compared to the eternity of the life of a deity - soon the lover’s head was covered with gray hair, and yesterday’s youth turned into a decrepit old man. He could no longer be the husband of a goddess who was still young and beautiful. At first, Eos suffered greatly from the fact that she could not do anything: after all, she herself asked for eternal life, but not eternal youth for Tithon. Then she got tired of caring for the immortal old man, and she locked him in the bedroom so as not to see him.
According to one version of the myth, Tithon was subsequently turned into a cricket by the compassionate Zeus, according to another version - by Eos herself, and according to the third - he himself dried up over time, being locked away from sight, and turned into a cricket in order to live in old houses and sing creakingly voice your sad song.
Eos and Cephalus
Another myth tells of the love of a beautiful-haired goddess for the mortal youth Cephalus. At first this passion was not mutual, and Kephalus rejected Eos. Struck by his refusal, the goddess lost interest in everything and even stopped fulfilling her daily duty - to see the sun into the sky every morning. The world was ready to plunge into darkness and chaos, but everyone was saved by Cupid, who shot an arrow into the heart of Cephalus. So the goddess found the happiness of mutual love and took her lover to heaven.
Eos (Aurora) is a goddess from ancient mythology who brings the dawn and leads the sun. Without a doubt, morning in the minds of the ancient Greeks and Romans was considered a very beautiful and poetic time of day, since the goddess was portrayed as invariably beautiful and young, as well as amorous and passionate.
Well...the darkest hour before the dawn...
As I do, I will collect images of the goddess of the dawn Eos (better known to us as Aurora)...
Adolphe-William Bouguereau, Aurora, 1881
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Eos (H w z) · goddess of the dawn, daughter of the titan Hyperion and his wife Theia, sister of Selene and Helios.
First, a beautiful myth: “It was believed that Eos lives in distant Ethiopia, every day she leaves through the silver gates and rides ahead of the Sun, painting the sky pink. Eos sends her rays first to Olympus to notify the gods of the coming of a new day, and then to the earth to awaken people. Eos precedes the appearance of Helios on the horizon. Warning the rise of the solar chariot, it washes the earth with dew, and its drops burn on the herbs and leaves like precious stones.
Guido Reni, Eos Chariot
Eos's first husband was the Titanide Astraeus. Their sons were the gods of the winds: Boreas, Not, Zephyr, and their daughters were the stars in the vault of the sky. Astraeus rebelled against Zeus and was cast into the underworld. Then Eos had new lovers. Homer describes the goddess Eos, “rose-fingered,” rising from her bed, where she rested with her beloved Tithon, the most beautiful son of the Trojan king Laomedon, whom she kidnapped and took with her to Ethiopia, where she made him king. She asked Zeus for immortality for Tithon, but forgot to ask for eternal youth: having aged, he turned into an immortal cricket.
From Tithon Eos gave birth to a beautiful son and gave him the Egyptian name Memnon. He became the king of the sun-loving Ethiopians - people with flaming faces who lived on the southern tip of the earth. Memnon loved his sultry deserts and mountains soaring to the sky, where the Nile, the breadwinner of Egypt, originates, and therefore rarely visited foreign lands. But having heard that the Trojans were being defeated and that the Amazons who came from the north could not help them, he decided to support his uncle Priam. Under the walls of Troy, Memnon killed many of the Trojans' enemies, but he himself fell at the hands of the mighty Achilles. Not only mortals, but also the divine mothers of the combatants watched the duel of heroes with bated breath. Eos did everything to keep her Memnon alive. She gave him two winds that could carry him away in case of mortal danger. But Achilles’ golden spear did not miss.
Eos turned to the father of the gods with a prayer to allow him to bury his son in his homeland. Zeus had mercy, and the winds carried Memnon’s body to Ethiopia, where his mother gave him a magnificent funeral. According to another legend, Memnon was buried near Troy. The black smoke that escaped from the funeral pyre took the form of birds, and the likes of sharp wings, crooked beaks and claws flashed in the air. Having acquired flesh, the birds flew around the fire three times and, dividing into two camps, entered into battle with each other. Black fluff swirled above the ground, as if brought by the wind from the country of the Ethiopians, and sharp screams were heard, reminiscent of someone else's guttural speech. And every year, no matter how many years have passed since then, these black birds fly in to mark the death of Memnon with a bloody battle.
Evelyn de Morgan Eos
To this day, inconsolable Eos, at the hour of her appearance in the sky, continues to shed dewdrop tears, unable to forget about her short-lived son. People did not forget about Memnon either. And since no one really knew where on the southern edge of the inhabited world lay the land of the Ethiopians ruled by Memnon, traces of him were looked for in Persian Susa, and in Syria, and, of course, at the sources of the deep Nile and Ethiopia, until they were found in Egypt. There, during an earthquake in 27 BC. A stone fell off a twenty-meter statue of Pharaoh Amenhotep III, and from then on, strange drawn-out sounds began to be heard at dawn. The Greeks, who had never heard of any Amenhotep, immediately realized that this was Memnon, who moaned, complaining to his mother Eos, as soon as she rose in the morning sky. Many came to Thebes specifically to listen to the wonderful voice.
J.Bertrand. Aurora
The Greek writer Philostratus describes this statue, called the “Colossus of Memnon”: “Memnon” is depicted as a beardless youth with his face turned towards the sunrise, and he is sculpted from black stone with his feet together... and with his hands resting on the throne so that he as if he was still sitting, but was already trying to get up... At the touch of the ray, Memnon’s lips immediately open, and his eyes seem to light up with brilliance in response to the sunrise, as happens with sun-loving people.”
Aphrodite took revenge on Eos for sharing the bed with Ares, and instilled in her a constant desire, after which the rose-fingered goddess kidnapped the hunter Orion, the hero Cephalus and Cleitus, the son of Melampodes.
In Rome, the goddess of the dawn, corresponding to the Greek Eos, was called Aurora (from aura, literally “pre-dawn breeze”). "
Giovanni Battista Tiepolo's Chariot of Aurora
Giovanni Guercino, Aurora 1621
According to numerous myths, Eos had a passionate heart and was easily attracted to any handsome mortal youth. This was explained by the fact that Eos repeatedly shared a bed with Ares, and Aphrodite, whose lover he was, in revenge instilled in Eos an eternal, indiscriminate passion for young mortals. This is what explains the morning erection in men and the crimson color of the morning dawn, embarrassed by the night spent.
One of the goddess’s lovers was Procris’ husband Cephalus, whom Eos kidnapped from his lawful wife.
Nicolas Poussin, Aurora and Cephalus 1631-33.
P.N. GuerinAurora and Cephalus
, 1811
Jean Honore Fragonard "Aurora and Mullet", 1764
A.-L. Girodet-Troisson "Aurora and Mullet", 1810
Aurora I 1. Goddess of the dawn (in ancient Roman mythology). 2. Used as a poetic symbol of the dawn. II The name of the cruiser of the Baltic Fleet... Explanatory Dictionary by Efremova
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Aurora (in Roman mythology, “goddess of the dawn”)
Aurora (in Roman mythology, “goddess of the dawn”)
Aurora is a complex and unpredictable person. In early childhood, this baby causes a lot of trouble for both parents and educators. She is irritable, capricious and stubborn. Outwardly she looks like her father, in character she looks like her mother. Susceptible to colds. Vulnerable nervous system. She studies well, she is attracted to music, dancing, and reading. Growing up, she remains persistent and stubborn. Aurora brings any task to completion. She has an unconventional way of thinking and dresses unconventionally. Favorite colors: purple, brown and blue.
“Winter” - sometimes never gets married because she is prone to too high self-esteem. Natural talent makes her strive to shine in society at any cost. Spender. Loves to travel.
“Autumn” is reasonable and does not commit rash actions. There will be no surprises in her life - she will calculate everything in advance. Patient and sensitive. Quite happy in marriage. In the family he strives to lead, but at work, on the contrary, he prefers to stay in the shadows. She doesn't tend to brag.
“Summer” is a captivating, romantic nature. She loves poetry and often writes poetry herself.
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