Download the presentation on the topic of flooding. The largest floods in Russia - presentation

FLOOD- this is a significant flooding of an area as a result of a rise in the water level in a river, lake or sea during snowmelt, rainfall, wind surges, congestion, floods, etc. A special type includes floods caused by wind surges of water into river mouths. Floods lead to the destruction of bridges, roads, buildings, structures, cause significant material damage, and at high speeds of water movement (more than 4 m/s) and high heights of water rise (more than 2 m), they cause the death of people and animals. The main cause of destruction is the impact on buildings and structures of hydraulic shocks from a mass of water, ice floes floating at high speed, various debris, watercraft, etc. Floods can occur suddenly and last from several hours to 2 – 3 weeks.

HOW TO PREPARE FOR A FLOOD

If your area often suffers from floods, study and remember the boundaries of possible flooding, as well as elevated, rarely flooded places located in close proximity to your place of residence, and the shortest routes to them. Familiarize family members with the rules of conduct during organized and individual evacuation, as well as in the event of sudden and violent flooding. Remember the storage locations for boats, rafts and building materials for their manufacture. Make a list of documents, property and medicines to be removed during evacuation in advance. Place valuables, necessary warm clothes, food supplies, water and medicines in a special suitcase or backpack.

HOW TO ACT DURING A FLOOD

Upon receiving a warning signal about the threat of flooding and evacuation, immediately, in the prescribed manner, leave (move out) from the dangerous zone of possible catastrophic flooding to a designated safe area or to elevated areas, taking with you documents, valuables, necessary things and a two-day supply of non-perishable food. At the final evacuation point, register.

Before leaving home, turn off the electricity and gas, turn off the fire in heating stoves, secure all floating objects located outside the building or place them in utility rooms. If time permits, move valuable household items to the upper floors or attic of a residential building. Close the windows and doors, if necessary and if there is time, board the windows and doors of the first floors from the outside with boards (shields). In the absence of organized evacuation, until help arrives or the water subsides, stay on the upper floors and roofs of buildings, on trees or other elevated objects. At the same time, constantly give a distress signal: during the day - by hanging or waving a clearly visible banner attached to the pole, and in the dark - with a light signal and periodically with a voice. When rescuers approach, calmly, without panic or fuss, and taking precautions, get into the swimming craft. At the same time, strictly follow the requirements of rescuers and do not overload the watercraft. While driving, do not leave the designated places, do not board the aircraft, and strictly follow the requirements of the crew. It is recommended to get out of a flooded area on your own only if there are such serious reasons as the need to provide medical assistance to victims, a continuing rise in water levels with the threat of flooding of the upper floors (attic). In this case, it is necessary to have a reliable swimming device and know the direction of movement. During your independent deployment, do not stop sending the distress signal.

Provide assistance to people floating in water and drowning.

IF A PERSON DROWNS

Throw a floating object to a drowning person, encourage him, call for help. When getting to the victim by swimming, take into account the current of the river. If the drowning person does not control his actions, swim up to him from behind and, grabbing him by the hair, tow him to the shore.

HOW TO ACT AFTER A FLOOD

Before entering a building, check whether it is in danger of collapsing or falling of any object. Ventilate the building (to remove accumulated gases). Do not turn on electric lighting, do not use open flame sources, and do not light matches until the room is completely ventilated and the gas supply system is checked to ensure that it is working properly. Check the serviceability of electrical wiring, gas supply pipelines, water supply and sewerage. Do not use them until you have verified that they are in good working order with the help of a professional. To dry the premises, open all doors and windows, remove dirt from the floor and walls, and pump out water from the basements. Do not eat food that has been in contact with water. Organize the cleaning of wells from applied dirt and remove water from them.

28.04.2013 21:04

Newsline

10:15
22:12
14:08
11:53
21:43
15:43
13:42
23:22
21:22
19:13
15:12
13:03
11:03
09:02

Slide 1

Slide 2

The work was completed by a student of the 8th grade of GBOU secondary school No. 1465 Medvedev Vyacheslav Sergeevich, Moscow Supervisor: Svetlana Anatolyevna Popova

Slide 3

Contents Flood is... Types of floods Causes of floods Safety rules Sources of information and images Example of a flood

Slide 4

... flooding of an area as a result of rising water levels in rivers, lakes, seas due to rains, rapid melting of snow, wind surge of water on the coast and other reasons, which damages the health of people or leads to their death, and also causes significant material damage Flood This…

Slide 5

Snow melting Intense snow melting, especially when the ground is frozen, leads to flooding of roads Causes of floods

Slide 6

Causes of floods Tsunami wave On sea coasts and islands, floods can occur as a result of flooding of the coastal strip by a tsunami wave generated by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions in the ocean

Slide 7

Bottom profile One of the causes of floods is the rise of the bottom. Each river gradually accumulates sediment in riffles, mouths and deltas. Flooding in this case occurs several years after the start of the process, is slow in nature, but easily predictable and removable. Causes of floods

Slide 8

Flood is a periodically recurring, rather prolonged rise in water levels in rivers, usually caused by spring melting of snow on the plains or rainfall. Floods low-lying areas. A flood can become catastrophic if the infiltration properties of the soil have significantly decreased due to its oversaturation with moisture in the fall and deep freezing in the harsh winter. Types of floods

Slide 9

Flood is an intense, relatively short-term rise in the water level in a river, caused by heavy rains, downpours, and sometimes rapid melting of snow during thaws. Unlike floods, floods can occur several times a year. A particular threat is posed by the so-called flash floods associated with short-term but very intense downpours, which also occur in winter due to thaws.

Slide 10

Jam is the clogging of the riverbed by a stationary ice cover and accumulation of ice floes during the spring ice drift in narrowings and bends of the riverbed, restricting the flow and causing a rise in the water level in the place of ice accumulation and above it. Jam floods form at the end of winter or early spring, and arise due to the non-simultaneous opening of large rivers flowing from south to north. Jam floods are characterized by a high and relatively short-term rise in the water level in the river.

Slide 11

Zazhor is an ice plug, an accumulation of in-water, loose ice during winter freeze-up in narrowings and bends of the riverbed, causing water to rise in some areas above the level of the main riverbed. Jam floods form at the beginning of winter and are characterized by a significant, but less than jam, rise in the water level and a longer flood duration.

Slide 12

Wind surge is a rise in water level at the mouths of large rivers and on windy areas of the coast of seas, large lakes, and reservoirs, caused by the effect of wind on the water surface. They are characterized by a lack of periodicity and a significant rise in water levels. Floods of this type were observed in Leningrad (1824, 1924) and the Netherlands (1953).

Slide 13

Rules for safe behavior in the event of a threat and during floods The population is notified of a possible flood by radio and television, sirens, telephone and public address system.

Slide 14

Slide 15

Floods in St. Petersburg are caused by a number of factors: cyclones arising in the Baltic with a predominance of westerly winds cause a surge wave and its movement towards the mouth of the Neva, where the rise of water intensifies due to shallow water and narrowing of the Neva Bay. Seiches, wind surges and other factors also contribute to flooding. Because of this, floods occur a little more often than once a year, and sometimes the water rises by several meters - the most destructive documented flood occurred in 1691, when the water in the Neva rose by 762 centimeters, from those that occurred after the founding of the city - in 1824 (421 centimeters). Example of a flood

Flood. What is this? Flood is the inundation of an area as a result of rising water levels in rivers, lakes, seas due to rains, rapid snow melting, wind surge of water on the coast and other reasons, which damages the health of people and even leads to their death, and also causes material damage.

Why is this happening? Floods often occur under the influence of winds, driving water from the sea and causing an increase in the level due to the retention of water brought by the river at the mouth. Floods of this type were observed in Leningrad (1824, 1924) and the Netherlands (1953). On sea coasts and islands, floods can occur as a result of inundation of the coastal strip by waves generated by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions in the ocean (see Tsunami). Similar floods are not uncommon on the shores of Japan and other Pacific islands.

Floods in Russia. North Caucasus. The largest and most destructive flood in the North Caucasus in 100 years shocked Russia last year. The total area of flooding was 346 km2, more than 100 thousand people were evacuated, 104 people died. Material damage from the natural disaster is almost 14 billion rubles.

However, upon careful analysis of statistical data on major floods, it turns out that there are very unusual features that do not fit into the usual ideas. So, during the flood of 1931 on the river. The Yangtze in China killed about 1.3 million people, which is tens of thousands of times higher than the death toll from an ordinary flood in the same places. In the time series of disaster damage values, extreme values are rarely encountered that are incommensurate with the values for the vast majority of events. The flood in the North Caucasus is no exception: the material damage from it is much higher than the total damage from dozens of previous floods.

At the end of the summer of 2013, a powerful flood hit the Far East, which led to the largest flood in the last 115 years. The flood affected five regions of the Far Eastern Federal District, the total area of flooded areas amounted to more than 8 million square kilometers. In total, since the beginning of the flood, 37 municipal districts, 235 settlements and more than 13 thousand residential buildings have been flooded. Over 100 thousand people were affected. More than 23 thousand people were evacuated. The most affected were the Amur Region, which was the first to receive the blow of the disaster, the Jewish Autonomous Region and the Khabarovsk Territory.

On the night of July 7, 2012, the flood flooded thousands of residential buildings in the cities of Gelendzhik, Krymsk and Novorossiysk, as well as in a number of villages in the Krasnodar Territory. Energy, gas and water supply systems, road and rail traffic were disrupted. According to the prosecutor's office, 168 people were killed and two more were missing. Most of the dead were in Krymsk, which received the heaviest impact of the disaster. In this city, 153 people died, more than 60 thousand people were considered injured. 1.69 thousand houses in the Crimean region were recognized as completely destroyed. About 6.1 thousand houses were damaged. Damage from the flood amounted to about 20 billion rubles.

In April 2004, a flood occurred in the Kemerovo region due to rising levels of the local rivers Kondoma, Tom and their tributaries. More than six thousand houses were destroyed, 10 thousand people were injured, nine died. In the city of Tashtagol, located in the flood zone, and the villages closest to it, 37 pedestrian bridges were destroyed by flood waters, 80 kilometers of regional and 20 kilometers of municipal roads were damaged. The disaster also disrupted telephone communications. The damage, according to experts, amounted to millions of rubles.

On July 7, 2001, in the Irkutsk region, due to heavy rains, a number of rivers overflowed their banks and flooded seven cities and 13 districts (63 settlements in total). Sayansk suffered especially. According to official data, eight people died, 300 thousand people were injured, and 4.64 thousand houses were flooded.

Slide 3

Slide 4

Flood is...

... flooding of an area as a result of rising water levels in rivers, lakes, seas due to rains, rapid melting of snow, wind surge of water to the coast and other reasons, which damages the health of people or leads to their death, and also causes significant material damage

Slide 5

Causes of floods

Long rains...

... most often occur in extremely humid regions with high levels of precipitation, while dry regions (deserts and steppes) experience this problem extremely rarely

Slide 6

Causes of floods

Snow melting

Intensive snow melting, especially when the ground is frozen, leads to flooding of roads

Slide 7

Causes of floods

tsunami wave

On sea coasts and islands, floods can occur as a result of flooding of the coastal strip by a wave - a tsunami, formed during earthquakes or volcanic eruptions in the ocean

Slide 8

Bottom profile

One of the causes of floods is rising seabeds. Each river gradually accumulates sediment in riffles, mouths and deltas. Flooding in this case occurs several years after the start of the process, is slow in nature, but easily predictable and removable

Causes of floods

Slide 9

Types of floods

Slide 10

Slide 11

Slide 12

Slide 13

Slide 14

Rules for safe behavior in the event of a threat and during floods

The population is notified of possible flooding by radio and television, sirens, telephone and public address system.

Slide 15

Rules for safe behavior in the event of the threat and occurrence of flooding

Slide 16

Example of a flood

are caused by a number of factors: cyclones arising in the Baltic with a predominance of westerly winds cause a surge wave and its movement towards the mouth of the Neva, where the rise of water intensifies due to the shallow water and narrowing of the Neva Bay. Seiches, wind surges and other factors also contribute to flooding. Because of this, floods occur a little more often than once a year, and sometimes the water rises by several meters - the most destructive documented flood occurred in 1691, when the water in the Neva rose by 762 centimeters, from those that occurred after the founding of the city - in 1824 (421 centimeters).

Slide 17

Floods in St. Petersburg

Slide 18

Flood is a severe natural disaster, leading to large material losses and, worst of all, human casualties.

http://www.mchsmedia.ru/files/watermark_backup/r_800_600/10n_20122161228.jpg

http://school12.siteedit.ru/images/p49_risunok14.jpg

http://www.meteo.nw.ru/images/userimages/led.jpg

http://www.sealands.ru/images/public/20110830/vetrovoj_nagon_big.jpg

Electronic encyclopedia WIKIPEDIA

http://obj.altapress.ru/picture/cram_in/640/96329.jpg

http://sanatate.md/data/pic/news/0081/8100/1_600.jpeg

http://www.coolreferat.com/ref-2_874898248-66463.coolpic

Textbook for class 7 “Fundamentals of life safety”

View all slides