Nekrasov peasant children why is it so named. ON THE
Lesson topic: N.A.Nekrasov "Peasant children"
Lesson type: learning new material.
Lesson objectives:
Educational:
Teach students to analyze a poetic work
Teach an expressive reading of a poem with observance of logical stresses, pauses, intonations
Form an idea of the historical past
Learn to work with a work, navigate the text
Learn to reason
Enrich the vocabulary of students.
Developing:
Arouse interest in the history of your homeland
Develop the cognitive activity of children
Develop student independence
Develop the spoken language of students
To form in children the skill of self-control (to evaluate the work in the lesson).
Educational:
To form a sense of belonging to the historical past of our Motherland
Foster patriotism
Instill an interest in a book, in reading
To reveal the moral meaning of the work
Foster aesthetic senses
To instill mental skills.
ON THE DESK:
1. Epigraph to the lesson.
Play, children, grow free,
That's what a red childhood is given to you.
2.Portrait of a poet
1.Org. moment.
2. Repetition of what was previously learned. Updating the basic knowledge of students.
Let's remember which writer we met in previous lessons?
What do you remember from his biography? (issue sheets of biography)
What works of this writer have we already met? What is Nekrasov's poem "On the Volga" about? Who are the barge haulers?
What does the poet sing about in an excerpt from the poem "Frost, Red Nose"?
What kind of beauty can a person have? (internal and external)
Is a person always beautiful outwardly and mentally beautiful? Give examples.
3. Topic and purpose of the lesson.
What do you think we will study with you today?
4. Learning new material.
Read the epigraph for today's lesson on the chalkboard. How do you understand these words?
We'll come back to them at the end of the lesson.
Born into a noble family, Nekrasov for some reason writes poems about peasant children.
Our speakers will help us understand this (the task was given in advance to find material about Nekrasov's childhood).
Speaker 1.
“It was not at all sinful to lie in an unknown wilderness. Here Nekrasov, the people's poet, was very lucky. From the very beginning, Nekrasov found himself on such a big road, but for the time being he did not drive, but, so to speak, sat closer, while Russia was driving and - even more - walked in front of him.
“The Kostroma post road (meadow),” the military statistics of the General Staff described it in the middle of the 19th century, “goes from Yaroslavl along the left bank of the Volga River through flat and low-lying places and near the village of Borok is part of the Kostroma province. In total, from Yaroslavl to the border of the province, this tract is considered 45 versts, within the province there is one post station Timokhinskaya, 27 versts from Yaroslavl, on which a horse contains 20, and a fee of 1, 0.5 kopecks in silver. This road is very convenient for the passage of troops and weights. "
So the big road was really widespread throughout life, in the very life of these places.
“The village of Greshnevo,” the poet himself recalled, “stands on the (tract) lower Yaroslavl-Kostroma road ... in a chain, accompanied by guards, it was the constant food of our children's curiosity. " "Everything that walked and rode along it and was known" - and these are days, months and whole years. "
Nekrasov saw a lot, absorbed a lot like a sponge, and as a mature poet embodied everything he saw, captured in his works.
Speaker 2.
From the memoirs of N.A. Nekrasov's sister Anna Butkevich.
“... Behind our garden, peasant huts began directly. I remember that this neighborhood was a constant grief for our mother: a crowd of children, deliberately choosing a place for their games on the other side of the garden lattice fence, drew their brother there like a magnet - no persecution helped. Subsequently, he made a loophole and, at every opportunity, crawled out to their village, took part in their games, which often ended in a common fight ... "
To better represent the historical time in which N.A. Nekrasov lived, consider a reproduction of a painting by Makovsky.
(reproduction of the painting "Peasant Children" by Vladimir Egorovich Makovsky)
Of course, the master's son was not allowed to be friends with the children of serfs.
Speaker 3.
Nikolai Skatov wrote the following in his article about Nekrasov:
“... I must say that Nekrasov the boy grew up, and thus was brought up, with village boys and girls. “My attitude to sinners was as follows:
... Thanks be to God,
I did one more time
Sweet this road
Here is a spare barn,
Rigi too ... how sweet
Warm ear of steam!
Stop the horses!
See: from every gate
The man in the street walks hastily.
All familiar people,
Every man is a friend.
I constantly played with the village children, and when we grew up, it was natural that there was such shortness between us. "
Indeed, from early childhood, the poet knew the life of the people from the inside, in the most direct, domestic way, he knew, making friends, often the same people at different ages and observing in different positions, and sometimes - later - and intervening. And helping.
And in poetry, for the same reason, he could, like no one else, write about the peasant village childhood.<...>
Nekrasov sympathized with the hard life of the peasants.
The prepared student reads by heart an excerpt from the poem "Peasant Children" "Once upon a cold winter time ...", studied in elementary school.
Are these lines familiar to you?
This excerpt is taken from a large poem "Peasant Children".
What is the boy's name? (Vlas). How old is he? (Sixth passed)
What does a boy look like? (in a poor peasant family, clothes were passed from one child to another)
Phys. min.
And now everyone has quietly got up,
Together they raised their hands up!
Hands to the sides, forward.
Reached and bent down
They returned to their original position!
Turned left - right, right - left!
They sat down quietly. Back to business.
5. The teacher reading the poem by N.A. Nekrasov "Peasant children" (12 minutes)
Board: Targeting: - follow the change in the author's mood, what feelings does the author have from meeting the children? (cheerful, cheerful, sympathy for peasant children)
6. Identification of the level of students' perception of the poem
What did you like? What didn't you like?
What have you understood? And what did you not understand?
What made you smile and what made you think?
What's interesting about the poem?
We have already said that the passage "Once upon a cold winter time ..." is an integral part of Nekrasov's large poem "Peasant Children". This means that the poem itself is not homogeneous: it has its constituent parts.
7. Working with the composition of the poem, drawing up a plan, filling out the table.
Where does the poem begin? (the narrator tells about an incident that happened to him while hunting).
How long does the story about this case go? ("... So next to Gavrila ... -" Hear, shut up! "
This means that from the words after the line: “O lovely rogues! Who has seen them often ... "- there is a completely different part, a different topic. But is this the end of the story of the incident on the hunt?
(After viewing the text, the children will find that at the end of the poem, after the horizontal line, the author again returns to this case with the words: "Now it's time for us to return to the beginning."
So, the narrator says that he dozed off in the barn, then woke up and saw that peasant children were watching him.
What was the immediate behavior of the children? (they were afraid, but gradually grew bolder).
What did the narrator begin to do? How did he entertain the children?
The beginning of the poem does not say that the dog's name is Fingal. The narrator began to command his dog to "throw things out." The trained dog began to obey the owner's commands, and the barn immediately turned into a circus arena: (found in the text)
An extensive field of canine science
He was perfectly familiar;
He started throwing things like that
That the audience could not leave the place,
Wonder, laugh! There is no time for fear!
How did the unexpected performance end? Read it.
So, we saw that the beginning and end of the poem tell us about the meeting of a hunter with peasant children. In what situation is such a story possible? What are the intonations of the narrator? To whom can he be addressed, who are the listeners of this story?
Imagine the relaxed atmosphere of an evening friendly conversation in a landlord's house, when his friends gather at the owner's house and tell each other various incidents that happened to them. Confidential intonations and good humor of the narrator immerse us in such an atmosphere: this is how they speak with old acquaintances, with whom they used to laugh and joke together.
Attachment 1
FILLING IN THE TABLE.
Part Content Narrator Listeners
1 Meeting of a hunter with peasant children hunter Friends, guests
4 (1) Meeting of a hunter with peasant children hunter Friends, guests
The story of meeting children is like a beautiful frame of a large picture.
Appendix 2
This poem can be compared to a house.
We have the walls of the house - the beginning and the end. In the next lesson, we will see what is inside this house, and where is the roof? (sketch on the board schematically). In order for the next lesson to be productive, you need to work at home.
8. Repetition and consolidation of the passed.
How did the hero meet with the peasant children and what did he immediately like about them?
What did the children “marvel at” and what “verdict did they pronounce”? Why did they decide that the stranger is "not a master"?
Working with the epigraph.
9. Results. Reflection
Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov - a new trend in the history of Russian literature. He was the first to introduce the theme of the common people and filled rhymes with colloquial turns. The way of life of commoners appeared, so a new style was born. Nikolai Alekseevich became a pioneer in the mainstream of a combination of lyrics and satire. He dared to change its very content. "Peasant Children" by Nekrasov was written in 1861 in Greshnevo. The shed in which the narrator slept was most likely located in Shoda, under the house of Gabriel Zakharov (children recognize him in the work). At the time of writing, the poet wore a beard, which was a rarity for nobles, so the children questioned his origins.
The rich image of peasant children
The future writer was born into a simple, poor, but respected family. As a child, he often played with his peers. The guys did not perceive him as a superior and a master. Nekrasov never gave up a simple life. He was interested in learning new worlds. Therefore, he was probably one of the first to introduce the image of a common man into high poetry. It was Nekrasov who noticed the beauty in rural images. Later other writers followed suit.
A movement of followers was formed who wrote like Nekrasov. "Peasant Children" (which can be analyzed based on the historical period in which the poem was written) stands out from all the poet's work. In other works, there is more grief. And these children are full of happiness, although the author does not cherish high hopes regarding their bright future. The little ones have no time to get sick and think about the unnecessary. Their life is full of the colorful nature in which they are lucky to live. They are hardworking and simply wise. Every day is an adventure. At the same time, children bit by bit absorb science from their elders. They are interested in legends and stories, they do not even shy away from the work of the carpenter, which is mentioned in the poem.
Despite all the problems, they are happy in their corner of paradise. The author says that there is nothing to regret and hate such children, they need to envy, because the children of the rich do not have such color and freedom.
An introduction to a poem through a plot
Nekrasov's poem "Peasant Children" begins with a description of several previous days. The narrator was hunting and, tired, wandered into the barn, where he fell asleep. He was awakened by the sun, which made its way through the cracks. He heard the voices of birds and recognized pigeons and rooks. I recognized the crow by the shadow. Eyes of different colors looked at him through the gap, in which there was peace, affection and kindness. He understood that these were the views of children.
The poet is sure that only children can have such eyes. They quietly among themselves commented on what they saw. One looked at the beard and long legs of the narrator, the other at the large dog. When the man, probably Nekrasov himself, opened his eyes, the children rushed away like sparrows. As soon as the poet lowered his eyelids, they appeared again. Further, they concluded that he was not a master, because he did not lie on the stove and was driving from the swamp.
Reflections of the author
Further, Nekrasov breaks away from the storyline and indulges in reflections. He confesses his love for children and says that even those who perceive them as "a low kind of people" still once envied them. There is more poetry in the life of the poor, says Nekrasov. Peasant children made mushroom raids with him, put snakes on the railing of the bridge and waited for the reactions of passers-by.
People were resting under the old elms, the children surrounded them and listened to stories. This is how we learned the legend about Valil. Having always lived a rich man, he somehow angered God. And since then he had neither harvest nor honey, only they grew well. On another occasion, a working man laid out tools and showed interested children how to saw and chop. The exhausted man fell asleep, and the guys let's saw and plan. Then it was impossible to remove the dust for a day. If we talk about the stories that the poem "Peasant Children" describes, Nekrasov, as it were, conveys his own impressions and memories.
Everyday life of peasant children
Then the writer leads the reader to the river. There is a stormy life there. Who bathes, who shares stories. One boy catches leeches “on the lava, where the womb beats the linen,” another looks after his younger sister. One girl makes a wreath. The other attracts the horse and rides it. Life is full of joy.
His father called Vanyusha to work, and the guy gladly helps him in the field with bread. When the harvest is harvested, he is the first to taste the new bread. And then he sits astride a cart with straw and feels like a king. The other side of the coin is that children do not have the right to choose their future, and this is what Nekrasov is concerned about. Peasant children do not study and grow up happily, although they have to work.
The most striking character of the poem
The next part of the poem is often mistakenly considered a separate work.
The narrator "in the cold winter season" sees a cart with brushwood, the horse is being led by a little man. He wears a big hat and huge boots. It turned out to be a child. The author greeted, to which the boy replied that he should pass. Nekrasov asks what he is doing here, the child replies that he carries firewood, which his father chops. The boy helps him, because there are only two men in their family, a father and him. Therefore, it all looks like a theater, but the boy is real.
Such a Russian spirit in the poem that Nekrasov wrote. "Peasant children", an analysis of their way of life shows the whole situation in Russia at that time. The writer calls on to grow in freedom, because later it will help to love your labor bread.
Completion of the storyline
Further, the author breaks away from the memories and continues the plot with which he began the poem. The children became more courageous, and he shouted to a dog named Fingal that thieves were approaching. We need to hide belongings, Nekrasov told the dog. The peasant children were delighted with Fingal's skills. A dog with a serious muzzle hid all the good in the hay. She especially tried over the game, then lay down at the feet of the owner and growled. Then the children began to give commands to the dog themselves.
The narrator enjoyed the painting. It became dark, a thunderstorm approached. Thunder rumbled. The rain fell. The spectators fled. Barefoot children rushed to their homes. Nekrasov stayed in the barn and waited out the rain, and then went with Fingal to look for snipe.
The image of nature in a poem
It is impossible not to praise the wealth and beauty of Russian nature. Therefore, along with the theme of love for children, Nekrasov's work "Peasant Children" glorifies the delights of life outside the gray walls of the city.
From the very first lines, the author drowns in the cooing of pigeons and the chirping of birds. Then he compares the color of the children's eyes to the flowers in the field. The image of the earth haunts the poet in the forest as he gathers mushrooms. From the forest, he leads the reader to the river, where the children bathe, which makes the water seem to laugh and howl. Their life is inseparable from nature. Children weave wreaths of pale yellow flowers, their lips are black with blueberries, which have set them sore, they meet a wolf, feed a hedgehog.
The role of bread in the poem is important. Through the eyes of one of the boys, the narrator conveys all the sanctity of growing grain. He describes the whole process from throwing a seed into the ground to baking bread in a mill. Nekrasov's poem "Peasant Children" calls for eternal love of the field, which gives strength and labor bread.
The presence of nature adds melody to the poem.
Hard life of Nekrasov children
The fate of peasant children is firmly tied to labor on the ground. The author himself says that they learn the works early. So, Nikolai Alekseevich cites the example of a little boy who matured early. A six-year-old boy works in the forest with his father and does not even think about complaining about his life.
Respect for work is instilled from childhood. Depending on how their parents are respectful of the field, children imitate them.
Coverage of the educational issue
In addition, the problem of education arises in the poem, which Nekrasov raises. Peasant children are deprived of the opportunity to study. They don't know books. And the narrator is worried about their future, because he knows that only God knows whether the child will grow up or die.
But next to endless work, children do not lose their thirst for life. They have not forgotten how to enjoy the little things that come across on their way. Their everyday life is full of bright, warm emotions.
The poem is an ode to simple children. After its publication in 1861, the entire rich world learned that peasant children are wonderful. Nekrasov elevated the simplicity of being. He showed that in all corners of the country there are people who, despite their low social status, are distinguished by humanity, decency and other benefactors, which have already begun to be forgotten in large cities. The piece made a splash. And its relevance remains acute to this day.
Answers to school textbooks
2. What did the children “marvel at” and what “verdict did they pronounce”? Why did they decide that the stranger is "not a master"?
Children talk about the hero, examine him, try to determine his social belonging: he is a master, in other words, a landowner, a nobleman, or a commoner. They turn their attention to the beard (kids think that "there is no beard at the bar - a mustache"), to an expensive watch, to a thoroughbred dog, to a double-barreled gun, they are surprised at everything.
What happened to me - they marveled at everything And pronounced my sentence:
- What a hunt for such a goose!
I would lie on the stove!
And apparently not the master: how he drove from the swamp,
So next to Gavrila ...
Kids believe that people hunt in order to get game and eat it. They see that a person who has fallen asleep in a barn is rich enough to hunt for food, and can quietly rest, according to the children, lie on the stove. They saw that the guest was driving from the hunt next to Gavrila, in other words, with one of the farmers of their village, and the "bar", in their opinion, would never speak amicably and freely with the peasants. Therefore, the guest is "not a master."
3.What does the poet tell about the mushroom raids with children? What feats did they perform and from whom did they expect glory? Is the poet serious or ironic about this? Who on vacation delighted them with stories?
It must be said that Nekrasov, unlike many nobles since then, never considered farmers to be people of low origin, freely communicated with them and even made friends, respecting their natural resourcefulness, reason and human soul. As a child, he lived on the Volga, in his father's estate, and played a lot with peasant children. Further, the author recalls how in childhood he walked with the children to pick mushrooms.
The creator writes that during the "mushroom raids" he tried to notice the "mushroom place", and after that he could not find it. Peasant children, however, simply later found such places by signs they could only understand. The children could play a trick on the simpleton: so they joked, calling the snake a ring. On another trip to the forest, the children “killed enough” snakes and put them on the railing of the bridge, along which a large road passed through the village. They thought, perhaps under the impression of Russian folk tales, where heroes fight with the Serpent Gorynych, that the people walking along it, taking offense at the exploits of the children living here, would move their brains: "Who is this who has caught so many snakes?"
Ancient spreading elms grew in the village, and on a hot summer day, many people stopped here to rest in the chill, passing along the road, in the main artisans, workers. The kids surrounded them, and the workers informed attentive listeners about what they saw in life: "about Kiev, about a Turk, about wonderful animals." The road was a specific school of life for children.
4. What is the "smart side of work" and how did the parents of the children get involved in work?
Under the "smart side of labor" the creator assumes satisfaction from excellent and friendly physical work, from the cultivation of the land, which brings secure collection. When a child sees that the work in which he participated brings visible results, that the person who performed this work enjoys honor and respect, he also wants to take part in work, and such work is not a burden, not a punishment, but satisfaction.
6. Many pictures pass before the reader's mind's eye in this poem. Which ones do you especially remember and why?
Many pictures pass before the mind's eye of the reader who gets acquainted with this poem.
1) The hunter is resting in the barn in the hay, and the children spy on him through the crack and talk together, discussing the hunter.
2) The creator recalls how he was small, recalls the campaigns of peasant children for mushrooms and their joke with a snake.
3) Peasant children on the high road listen to the stories of passers-by, look at the tools with curiosity.
4) After collecting mushrooms, the children swim in a meadow river.
5) Returning to the village, the kids play games, someone helps their parents.
6) The kids go to the forest for berries, there they find fun for themselves: they are afraid at one moment of the jumped hare, they catch an old capercaillie.
7) Pictures of rural labor, which are followed by a child.
8) Meeting of the creator with six-year-old Vlas, who helps dad to carry firewood from the forest.
9) The creator returns to the beginning of the poem and tells how the hunter's acquaintance with the children continued: the creator ordered the trained dog to show some jokes, and the kids were happy with the sudden performance. Suddenly a thunderstorm started and the kids fled to the village.
7. What mood are permeated with these pictures (sad, cheerful)? Do you think you answered correctly the first question asked to you, what is this poem about? How would you answer it now? What did the author want to say about peasant children?
The pictures painted by the creator are imbued with a good sense of admiration and immediately feel sad: the creator knows the life of peasant children very well, he realizes that satisfaction and freedom have a downside. The Creator realizes that babies are the future of the people.
8. What pictures of childhood and the surrounding world does the poet draw and what does he wish for children?
See question 6.
The poet appeals to children with an appeal to adore their native land:
The poet appeals to children with an appeal to love their native land:
Play now, children! Grow free!
That's what a red childhood is given to you,
To forever love this meager field,
So that it seems to you forever sweet.
Safeguard your age-old legacy,
Love your labor bread -
And let the charm of childhood poetry
He will take you to the bowels of the native land! ..
P. 187
1. How do you understand the words and phrases: verses, tenderness touched the soul, lovely rogues, holy kindness, mushroom raids, planes, a blue ribbon, centuries-old inheritance, labor bread!
The meaning of words and phrases:
verses - poems
tenderness touched the soul - the person experienced a feeling of tenderness, bright quiet joy
cute rogues - the author calls children that because they cheat, cheat, but their cheating is naive, there is no malicious intent in it
holy kindness - holy kindness, because it is disinterested, deeply sincere
mushroom raids - fun hikes in the forest for mushrooms
planer - carpentry tool
blue ribbon - the author compares the river with a blue ribbon between green fields
age-old heritage - the author means the best traditions of the Russian people, love for work, for the homeland
the bread of labor is bread that is obtained not for free, but thanks to a great deal of work.
2. Write out from the poem the words that were incorrectly pronounced by peasant children, for example: get out, do not catch, they will steal ... How to pronounce them, put the correct stress.
Look, just look, just look.
3. In the works you have read, there are many words that are undeservedly rarely used in modern Russian, for example, a statue, stately, dear, destiny, command. Explain the meaning of these words.
The statue is a sculptural image; a statue.
Great - imbued with solemn beauty, grandeur;
testifying to inner dignity; majestic.
Dear - your own, dear.
Lot - share, destiny, destiny.
Read the poem by N.A. Nekrasov "Peasant Children"
Message 1
Born into a noble family, Nekrasov for some reason writes poems about peasant children.
“It was not at all sinful to lie in an unknown wilderness. Here Nekrasov, the people's poet, was very lucky. From the very beginning, Nekrasov found himself on such a big road, but for the time being he did not drive, but, so to speak, sat closer, while Russia was driving and - even more - walked in front of him.
“The Kostroma post road (meadow),” the military statistics of the General Staff described it in the middle of the 19th century, “goes from Yaroslavl along the left bank of the Volga River through flat and low-lying places and near the village of Borok is part of the Kostroma province. In total, from Yaroslavl to the border of the province, this tract is considered 45 versts, within the province there is one post station Timokhinskaya, 27 versts from Yaroslavl, on which a horse contains 20, and a fee of 1, 0.5 kopecks in silver. This road is very convenient for the passage of troops and weights. "
So the big road was really widespread throughout life, in the very life of these places.
“The village of Greshnevo,” the poet himself recalled, “stands on the (tract) lower Yaroslavl-Kostroma road ... in a chain, accompanied by guards, it was the constant food of our children's curiosity. " "Everything that walked and rode along it and was known" - and these are days, months and whole years. "
Nekrasov saw a lot, absorbed a lot like a sponge, and as a mature poet he embodied everything he saw, captured in his works.
Message 2.
From the memoirs of N.A. Nekrasov's sister Anna Butkevich.
“... Behind our garden, peasant huts began directly. I remember that this neighborhood was a constant grief for our mother: a crowd of children, deliberately choosing a place for their games on the other side of the garden lattice fence, drew their brother there like a magnet - no persecution helped. Subsequently, he made a loophole and, at every opportunity, crawled out to their village, took part in their games, which often ended in a common fight ... "
Message 3.
Of course, the master's son was not allowed to be friends with the children of serfs.
Nikolai Skatov wrote the following in his article about Nekrasov:
“... I must say that Nekrasov the boy grew up, and thus was brought up, with village boys and girls. “My attitude to sinners was as follows:
... Thanks be to God,
I did one more time
Sweet this road
Here is a spare barn,
Rigi too ... how sweet
Warm ear of steam!
-Stop the horses!
See: from every gate
The man in the street walks hastily.
All familiar people,
Every man is a friend.
I constantly played with the village children, and when we grew up, it was natural that there was such shortness between us. "
Indeed, from early childhood, the poet knew the life of the people from the inside, in the most direct, domestic way, he knew, making friends, often the same people at different ages and observing in different positions, and sometimes - later - and intervening. And helping.
And in poetry, for the same reason, he could, like no one else, write about the peasant village childhood.<...>
Nekrasov sympathized with the hard life of the peasants.
Questions about the content of N. Nekrasov's poem "Peasant Children".
1. Are these lines familiar to you?
2. This excerpt is taken from a large poem "Peasant Children".
3. What is the boy's name? How old is he?
4. What does a boy look like?
5. Follow the change in the author's mood, what feelings does the author have from meeting the children?
6. Where does the poem begin?
7. So, the narrator says that he dozed off in the barn, then woke up and saw that peasant children were watching him.
8. What was the immediate behavior of the children?
9. What did the narrator begin to do? How did he entertain the children?
10. The beginning of the poem does not say that the dog's name is Fingal. The narrator began to command his dog to "throw things out." The trained dog began to obey the owner's commands, and the barn immediately turned into a circus arena: (found in the text)
11. How did the unexpected performance end? Read it.
12. So, we saw that the beginning and the end of the poem tell us about the meeting of the hunter with the peasant children. In what situation is such a story possible? What are the intonations of the narrator? To whom can he be addressed, who are the listeners of this story?
Repetition and consolidation of the passed.
1. How did the hero meet the peasant children and what did he immediately like about them?
2. Does the author himself belong to the peasants?
3. What did the children “marvel at” and what “verdict did they pronounce”? Why did they decide that the stranger is "not a master"?
