Professional feast of military intelligence officers: what to give a man? Scout Day: Description, History and Interesting Facts When the day of the military intelligence officer in the year.

Military intelligence officers are preparing for their professional holiday - the day of the GRU. The memorable date is November 5 - has been celebrated since 2006.

Day of the GRU or the day of military intelligence in Russia is celebrated since 2006. The holiday of all citizens whose service is somehow connected with this area of \u200b\u200bactivity, was established in 2006 in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 549 of May 31, 2006. In 2018, the anniversary military intelligence officers: GRU marks 100 years.

History of intelligence service in Russia

The first agent units appeared in Russia in the 17th century: the order of secret cases was founded in 1654. The legal framework regulating intelligence activities was created under Peter the first (1716).

The name of the department periodically changed: the order of secret cases in 1810 was renamed the secret office, then to a special office (1812).

The 1917 revolution also made its changes to the work of intelligence - as a special division of GRA began to be formed in 1918, it was from this time that Russia's modern military intelligence.

Congratulations to the authorities of the Russian Federation

The name of the GRU, to which not only Russians are accustomed, but also the West, canceled in 2010: the department was renamed the General Directorate of the General Staff of the Russian Federation. Congratulating servicemen, Russian President Vladimir Putin offered to return the historical name service.

"It is not clear where the word" intelligence "disappeared is the main intelligence management, it would be necessary to restore," Putin said.

The head of the Russian Federation noted the achievements of military intelligence officers and their contribution to the defense capability of the state.

"As the Supreme Commander, of course, I know yours without any exaggeration of unique opportunities, including on special operations, highly appreciate the information and analytical materials, and reports that are prepared for the country's leadership in the General Directorate of the General Staff. I am confident in your professionalism, in personal courage and decisiveness, in the fact that each of you will do everything for Russia and our people, "the president noted.

Russian military intelligence is characterized by the highest professionalism and has the most modern means and opportunities for conducting special operations, Putin is confident. How many people serve in military intelligence units, what is its structure, does not reveal: this is a state secret.

November 5 - Day of the military intelligence officer, the professional holiday of the Russian military, whose service is associated with military intelligence.

Installed by the Decree of the President of Russia No. 549 of May 31, 2006. The date of the holiday is not chance. On this day, in 1918, a registered headquarters for coordinating the efforts of all intelligence bodies of the army were created as part of the field headquarters of the Red Army in Petrograd, which was subsequently turned into the famous headquarters of the Russian Federation of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the central military intelligence management body.

Even in the Kiev Rus, the intelligence was a matter of state importance, and the first body of intelligence is the order of secret cases (a model of intelligence management of that time) - was founded in 1654 at Queen Alexei Mikhailovic. Peter I in its military charter of 1716 led to a legislative and legal basis for intelligence work.

In 1810, at Alexander I, an expedition of secret cases was created at the Military Ministry, two years later, it was renamed special offices at the military minister. She became the first central body of the Military Ministry of the Russian Empire, who was engaged in the organization of intelligence of the Armed Forces of foreign countries. Its task was to conduct strategic intelligence (collecting strategically important secret information abroad), operational and tactical intelligence (collecting data on the enemy's troops at the borders of Russia) and counterintelligence (identification and neutralization of the enemy agent).

Modern history, military intelligence leads from November 5, 1918, when the state of the field headquarters was approved by the order of the Reviable Council No. 197/27 (PSH). As part of the Field Headquarters of the Red Army, registration management (RegistrPR) was formed to coordinate the efforts of all Russian interimatheds: the military-strategic department of the Operational Department of the All-Russian General Staff, the intelligence department of the operational department of the People's Commissariat for Military Affairs, the intelligence department of the Operational Department of the Supreme Military Council.

From this day, the main intelligence management (GRU) of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is maintained, which is a direct successor of registrapr. That is why on November 5 is considered a military intelligence day, which, from the very beginning, in addition to the conduct of strategic and operational intelligence, accumulated work on the extraction of military-technical information, information about scientific achievements in the military field.

Over the years of its existence, military intelligence service has repeatedly changed its official name and transfered into the subordination of various public administrations and drug addicts.

In 1950, GRU special forces was created. Currently, military intelligence is included in the structure of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Russia. Intelligence is "eyes and ears" of the armed forces, the main means of obtaining information. The main intelligence department of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (GRSH) - the central management body of military intelligence in the Armed Forces of Russia - solves a number of tasks of the military-political, military-technical, military and military and economic nature, has the ability to conduct space exploration and has pretty A wide agent network in the territory of foreign countries.

Special forces GRA is able to carry out special operations on the territory of the enemy and in the fighting areas. The number and structure of this service are a state secret, and the value of military intelligence for the armed forces is difficult to overestimate.

In the history of the Soviet Union, the activities of counterintelligent structures occupied an important place. Thus, in April 1943, the General Directorate of the Counterintelligence "Sverdley" was organized, on which the tasks of the struggle against spyware, sabotage, terrorist activities of foreign intelligence, combating betrayal and treason in the structures and institutions of the Red Army, desertion and members in front of the fronts were entrusted.

Intelligence is "eyes and ears" of the Armed Forces

The day of the military intelligence officer was established by order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation No. 490 dated October 12, 2000. In the early 19th century, the first intelligence officer was created in Russia - the expedition of secret affairs at the military ministry.

On November 1, 1918, the rewarding staff (PSH) of the Revoensuit of the Republic was approved by the Revoensive Council of the Republic. On November 5, the state was introduced by the order of the Revoensuit of the Republic No. 197/27.

As part of the field headquarters of the Red Army, the Regional Directorate (RegistrPR) of the Republic of the Republic was formed to coordinate the efforts of all Russian interimatheds: the military-strategic department of the Operational Department of the All-Russian General Staff, the intelligence department of the Operational Department of the People's Commissariat for Military Affairs, the intelligence department of the Operational Department of the Supreme Military Council.

From this day, the main intelligence management (GRU) of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is maintained, which is a direct successor of registrapr. That is why on November 5, it is considered the day of Soviet military intelligence, which, from the very beginning, besides the maintenance of strategic and operational intelligence, accounted for work on the mining of military-technical information, information about scientific achievements in the military field.

On November 5, the anniversary of the creation of military intelligence is celebrated in Russia. In 1918, it was on this day in the field of the field headquarters of the Red Army in Petrograd, the order of the chairman of the Revoensuit of the Republic of Leo Trotsky was formed by Registration Management for coordinating the efforts of all intelligence bodies of the army. From this day, the main reconnaissance department of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is maintained. It is the registration management and became the prototype of the current central management of military exploration - the General Intelligence Department (GRU) of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Russia.

To date, the main intelligence management is the most important component of the strengthening of the state. This structure combines all existing types of exploration - strategic, agent, including illegal, technical, economic, cosmic and military, more famous as special forces.

As part of other military units, military intelligence existed in Tsarist Russia. But as a separate division, military intelligence of the Russian Federation conducts a countdown of its history from November 5, 1918.

History of military intelligence

Scout profession is considered one of the oldest on Earth. As early as Kievan Rus, exploration was a matter of state importance. Ambassadors, messengers, trading, residents of border regions and military detachments were attracted to collect data. Later, already under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, in 1654 the order of secret cases was founded - a model of intelligence management of that time. In the military charter of 1716, Peter I summed up under intelligencely, the legislative and legal framework.

In January 1810, the reign of Emperor Alexander I in January 1810, an expedition of secret cases was created at the initiative of Barclay de Tollya, and in January 1812 it was renamed its special office for the military minister. The special office declared the most important tasks: the maintenance of strategic intelligence (collecting strategically important secret information abroad), operational-tactical intelligence (collection of data on the enemy's troops at the borders of Russia) and counterintelligence (identification and neutralization of the enemy agent). The first heads of military intelligence of Russia alimpically become three close to the Military Minister of Man: from September 29, 1810 - Flygel-Adjutant Colonel A. V. Ways, from March 19, 1812 - Colonel A. A. Zvarevsky, from January 10, 1813 . - Colonel P. A. Chuykevich.

The role of military intelligence officers during the Great Patriotic War is invaluable. Only in the first six months of the war in the rear of the enemy about 10 thousand people were abandoned, including a significant number of intelligence officers with radio transmitters. Parisan detachments in the rear of the enemy were created by military intelligence bodies.

The activities of Soviet intelligence in the years of the Great Patriotic War were highly appreciated by the prominent commander and commander, the future marshals of the Soviet Union G. K. Zhukov, A. M. Vasilevsky, K. K. Rokossovsky, I. S. Konev, I. Kh. Bagraman, N . I. Krylov, General of the Army S. M. Shtemenko and many others.

The Great Patriotic War was a harsh test for military intelligence, and she asked him worthy. During the war, an effective system of exploration management was developed during the war, the correct organizational construction of its combat bodies, reasonable and effective application in various types of combat operations. The glorious combat traditions of military intelligence were developed and a large detachment of highly qualified intelligence officers was created, which skillfully used rich military experience and traditions in the post-war time. These traditions have always been there: the dedication of their homeland and the people, the faithfulness of the oath, courage, resistance to self-sacrifice when performing combat missions.

All this has already become the heroic history of our people in the difficult years of the Great Patriotic War. The data obtained by military intelligence has repeatedly played a decisive role when making the country's supreme management of the country to ensure its security.

Soviet indispensability and effectiveness, and then Russian military intelligence convincingly demonstrated during crisis situations in the Middle East, Afghanistan, Yugoslavia, Iraq, Chechnya and other "hot spots".

692 military intelligence officers are awarded the titles of the Heroes of the Soviet Union and the heroes of the Russian Federation for courage and heroism, manifested in the fulfillment of tasks to ensure the national security of the country.

Modern military intelligence

Military intelligence - a set of measures to obtain and process data on the current or probable enemy, its military resources, combat capacity and vulnerabilities, as well as about the theater of hostilities.

Modern military intelligence is divided into tactical, strategic exploration and counterintelligence. Tactical intelligence ensures the fighting of troops in the tactical link, i.e. within compounds, parts and units that are in contact with the opponent. She identifies data on the fighting of the enemy (including his plans), its vulnerability and the fighting area (including the conditions of terrain and weather), which facilitates the adoption by the commander and its headquarters of optimal solutions to plan and conduct combat operations. These data is either mined by standard forces and means, or get from the higher chief. Typically, intelligence information is mined by a survey of local residents, interrogation of prisoners and dedication, interception of information transmitted by radio-electronic means, studying documents captured at the opponent, equipment and weapons, radar, terrestrial, air intake and aerial sphere.

Strategic exploration mined and exploring information on opportunities, vulnerability and plans for foreign countries. It is maintained in the interests of the highest bodies of state and military leadership, and data mined by it are used to develop a foreign policy course, planning and implementing national security activities in peacetime and for conducting strategic operations during the war. Counterintelligence includes all active and passive measures implemented by government agencies in order to combat exploration of other states. It ensures the safety of secret information, equipment, objects and persons related to state secrets. The tasks of counterintelligence include preventing subversive activities, conducted by both foreign powers and disloyal elements within the country and on the territories controlled by it.

Now military intelligence is included in the structure of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Russia. Intelligence is "eyes and ears" of the armed forces, the main means of obtaining information.

During the years of its existence, military intelligence service did not change its official name and passed into the subordination of various public administrations and drug addicts.

In 1950, GRU special forces was created.

Large emblem of the GSH GS Sun of Russia

Currently, military intelligence is included in the structure of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Russia. Intelligence is "eyes and ears" of the armed forces, the main means of obtaining information.

The main intelligence department of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (GRSH) - the central management body of military intelligence in the Armed Forces of Russia - solves a number of tasks of the military-political, military-technical, military and military and economic nature, has the ability to conduct space exploration and has pretty A wide agent network in the territory of foreign countries. Special forces GRA is able to carry out special operations on the territory of the enemy and in the fighting areas. The number and structure of this service are a state secret.

By the way, in the history of the Soviet Union, the activities of counterintelligent structures occupied an important place. Thus, in April 1943, the General Directorate of the Counterintelligence "Sverdley" was organized, on which the tasks of the struggle against spyware, sabotage, terrorist activities of foreign intelligence, combating betrayal and treason in the structures and institutions of the Red Army, desertion and members in front of the fronts were entrusted. calend.ru/holidays/0/0/95/.

You crawl, scout, to glory,

You pushed your teeth knife.

I would congratulate you now

Only hell you will find!

You are not visible in a maskhalate,

You attached a bush.

Removed - and enough!

Go out, drink grams for a hundred!

Taught "Language" bravely,

Turned out to be filled.

So, the scout will be with each

Who will go to us war!

November 5 - the day of the military intelligence officer, perhaps one of the most mysterious professions on Earth. The history of this holiday in our country originates in 2000. In Russia, thanks to the order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation since now, the day of the scout is celebrated, the number and month was recorded later, in 2006,

Why exactly November 5?

Date when the scout day is celebrated in Russia, it is not necessary. This afternoon dated the secret order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the RSFSR, which included the Registration Directorate in the staff of the field headquarters - at that time the first primary body of military agent intelligence and counterintelligence of the Russian Republic. The formation of this particular structure can be considered the beginning of the appearance of Soviet, and later, Russian intelligence.

A bit of history

The need for valuable information that gives certain advantages in a particular matter has always existed, especially if the case has concerned the state benefits or predominance in hostilities. Intelligence activities give the leadership of the state a noticeable prevalence and begins its existence almost before that such a form of interaction between people appeared as a war. Traders, ambassadors and messengers, as well as residents of border areas often became collectors of particularly significant information in ancient times. Much later, legislative and legal foundations were laid and whole structures began to appear, which became prototypes of the modern intelligence service. An example can be considered Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. For this order, special people performed various orders by the will of the king, for example, followed ambassadors in foreign trips or carried out investigations of state importance.

Currently, the main reconnaissance management has become a full successor of the regulatory management, or abbreviated GRU. Since its occurrence, management has undergone several reorganizations. Today GRU is a unified system that is widely covered by all known ways of intelligence both within Russia and its territories. It is impossible to overestimate the role of GRU, because military intelligence makes a tangible contribution to the preservation of the state. It is not surprising that with all the effectiveness about this service, there are few things known, because the data that it has is state importance and often play a decisive role in making decisions on the security of the country.

What are these people?

As "the eyes and ears" of the army, the intelligence officers of our country receive and expose military and political information to be analyzed around Russia, make up forecasts for the development of events and in time report the highest authorities about these and possible threats that affect the interests of the Russian Federation. Every day with a risk for life and often at the limit of opportunities, scouts carry their quiet service. Unfortunately, the country, most likely, will never recognize most of his heroes, which with high patriotism and self-dedication carry their service by putting the interests of the Fatherland above their own. But this is the fee for the highest secrecy of the mined information, and therefore they are worthy of their own and it is referred to as a scout day. These people include the personnel of units of the soldiers of the urgent and contract service, the officers of the younger and team link, the heads of the General Staff.

Famous scouts of the country

Free access can be found only about some outstanding intelligence. In honor of the holiday - the day of the scout - will be correct to recall them and their great affairs.

Richard Zorga - revealed the plans of Germany to attack the Soviet Union, which he warned the top management, but he did not believe.

Jan Chernyak - organized one of the best agent networks during the Great Patriotic War, which was able to produce a large number of valuable information about the plans of the enemy.

Arthur Adams - During the war, he got and sent materials related to the Nuclear Project of America.

Georges Koval - as an employee of the nuclear center in America, produced all comprehensive information on the development of an atomic bomb.

Ivan Kolos is a participant in multiple operations in the German and Polish rear in the times of the Great Patriotic War. Member of the Berlin Operation.

Maria Polyakova - during the operation in Switzerland mined information about the Firm of the company "Erlikon", which the Germans used. I was preparing to perform special operations in the event of the seizure of Moscow. Prepared new scouts, organized

Vera Voloshina - along with the John Kosmodemyanskaya, participated in the operation in the rear of the enemy. He fell into the ambush and was executed. There was a model for the famous sculpture "Girl with a paddle."

How to celebrate Scout Day

Not only military personnel, but also cadets, teachers of specialized universities of the Ministry of Defense, are considered to be this holiday. Despite the long history of intelligence, to celebrate the day of the scout in Russia, the ministers of this profession became quite recently. Due to the specifics, it is secretly secretive, and even relatives and relatives do not always know what a person actually do. Therefore, military intelligence officers most often cope the searcher's day with colleagues quietly and modestly. But despite this, such a profession is very respected and worthy of admiration. And as all mysterious, of course, there is a tendency to romanticize this profession, but it is not necessary to forget that first of all military intelligence officers are serious, diversified people of high excerpt and the power of the spirit, deeply patriotic and hardly every day ready to risk life for the sake of security Motherland.

November 5 Russia notes Military intelligence day - Professional holiday of the Russian military, whose service is connected with the military intelligence. This holiday was established by order of the Minister of Defense of Igor Dmitrievich Sergeyev dated October 12, 2000. It is celebrated annually on November 5 in accordance with the presidential decree of May 31, 2006 "On the establishment of professional holidays and commemorative days in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation."

Scout - One of the oldest professions, which over the years does not lose its relevance, every year the methods and methods of intelligence are improved, and information mined by intelligencely still has tremendous state importance.

Intelligence service At all times, there was a matter of state importance, so it was since the times of Kievan Rus. Ambassadors, merchants, credits, as well as residents of the border territories of the state were involved in the collection of information. No wonder profession scout Call one of the oldest on Earth. Later in 1654, during Tsar, Alexei Mikhailovic was created by the order of secret cases, which was a prototype of intelligence management of those years. In the military charter of 1716, Peter I summed up the legal and legislative base under intelligence work. Later in January 1810, already in the reign of Emperor Alexander I, on the initiative of the Military Minister Barclay de Tolly in Russia, the so-called expedition of secret cases was formed in Russia, in January 1812 she was renamed special offices at the military minister.

An educated special office declared important tasks: the maintenance of strategic intelligence (collecting strategically important secret information abroad), operational-tactical intelligence (collecting information on the enemy's troops at the boundaries of the country) and counterintelligence (identification and subsequent neutralization of a foreign agent). This Office has become the first central body of the Military Ministry of the Russian Empire, which would be engaged in the organization of intelligence of the armed forces of foreign powers.

Date on November 5 to celebrate the Day of the military intelligence officer was not chosen. This day is rightfully considered the birthday of the main intelligence department of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. On this day in 1918, in Petrograd as part of the field headquarters of the Red Army, registration management was created to coordinate the efforts of all intelligence bodies of the army. In order to prepare personnel for the new management in Moscow, exploration and military control courses were opened, on which 13 different disciplines were taught, including: tactics, geography, topography, artillery case, agent intelligence, counterintelligence, etc. Later in the educational program was introduced Elementary study of foreign languages \u200b\u200b(English, German, French, Swedish, Finnish and Japanese).

The first who headed the registrarian government, became Semyon Aralov - Bolshevik from the number of veterans of the intelligence of the Russian army of the period of the First World War. It was RegisterPR that became a prototype of the current military intelligence management body - the General Intelligence Department (GRU) of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Today GRU is an important component of strengthening the Russian state. This structure combines all the known types of exploration - strategic, technical, economic, cosmic, agent (including illegal), as well as the military, also known as special forces of GRU.

Since April 1921, RegisterPR has been transformed into intelligence management (SMIDPP) of the RKKK headquarters. At the same time, he became a central organ intelligence body in both peaceful and wartime. Starting from 1926, the disciplon was renamed IV by the headquarters of the Red Army. One of the most famous intelligence officers who had a relation to the dissolution of the Red Army (moved to work in November 1929), was the famous Soviet intelligence officer Richard Zorge.

With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the main type of intelligence activities was the ensuring the fighting of the troops and the Red Army of Operations. Preparation and conduct of all strategic, front and army operations during the war years relied on the data that was obtained using operational and strategic intelligence. The effectiveness and great scope was different during the war of the work of intelligence officers who were selflessly acted on the front line at the territory temporarily occupied by the enemy, as well as in other states. Starting from the first days of the Great Patriotic War, the opponent of intelligence and sabotage and intelligence groups was organized, on the basis of which large partisan detachments were often generated and deployed and deployed, a backup intelligence network was created in the territories that were temporarily left for the enemy's troops.

So only for the first 6 months of the Great Patriotic War in the rear of the enemy, about 10 thousand people were abandoned, including a huge number of prepared intelligence officers with radio equipment. Also during the war years, the General Directorate of Counterintelligence "Serer" was established (a reduction from "death to spies!"). This department was engaged in combating spyware and sabotage officers of the enemy, fighting desertion and betrayal in the ranks of the Red Army.

In February 1942, the recovery was reorganized into the main intelligence management (GRU). In October of the same year, it was allocated from the composition of the General Staff and reconciled directly by the Competor's defense of the Soviet Union. The task of GRA was the maintenance of the agent intelligence of the enemy armor abroad, as well as the territory temporarily occupied by the enemy. In April 1943, along with the already existing GRA, a new recovery of the Red Army General's Department was formed, whose task was the leadership of agent and military exploration of fronts, as well as regular informing about the intentions and actions of the enemy, as well as operations for its disinformation. After the completion of the war, they were united in the GRU General Staff, which since 1947 was called the second major administration of the Committee of Information at the Council of Ministers of the USSR, and since 1949 the GRU was again the general staff of the Armed Forces. During the war years, the fighting traditions of modern military intelligence were laid, a large number of highly qualified intelligence officers were prepared, which managed to accumulate, and then in the postwar years successfully use rich military experience.

For the years after the war, the role of military intelligence not only did not decrease, in front of it increased repeatedly. Nowadays, it is the most important component of the strengthening of the state. Military intelligence is an element of the national security system of the Russian Federation, it produces, processes, summarizes and analyzes the information incoming on various channels, which develops around our country, is engaged in predicting its development, and also reports the command of the Armed Forces and leadership of Russia On the real and potential threats to national security and the sovereignty of our state.

Today, the sphere of interests of military intelligence includes all local and regional armed conflicts, armed forces of foreign states, their weapons and military equipment, equipment of possible combat theaters, as well as the economic component, especially the enterprises of the industry, working in the interests of the Armed Forces. To solve the problems assigned to it, military intelligence has in its composition both operational and various technical units, as well as information and analytical and providing structures. All of them receive only the most advanced technical means of conducting intelligence, which are created on the basis of recent advances in telecommunication, information and space technologies.

At the same time, it is never necessary to forget that a military intelligence officer is a very heavy and dangerous profession. In our country for courage and heroism, which were manifested when performing special tasks to ensure national security, more than 700 military intelligence officers were awarded the highest title of Hero of the Soviet Union and Hero of the Russian Federation. In the XXI century, representatives of this heroic military profession are still on the advanced borders to protect our country, solving a wide range of tasks. Currently, military intelligence structurally refers to the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and is considered to be the "eyes and ears" of the armed forces of our country, their main means for obtaining important military, economic and political information.