Why, in your opinion, did the singers win the yaks? Tenth graders analyze the text of I. Turgenev

"Consequences of the Industrial Revolution in England" - Stages of the Industrial Revolution. Significant capital accumulations have created conditions for the development of the financial and credit system. The industrial revolution began in light industry. In 1784 J. Watt created the steam engine. Exports of British cotton goods. The content and consequences of the industrial revolution for the world economy.

"Attestation of teaching staff" - The first type - Attestation of the teacher's compliance with the position (pp. 17-24 of the Attestation Procedure). Based on the results of certification, the AK makes a decision corresponding to the position held (the position of the employee is indicated); does not correspond to the position held (the position of the employee is indicated). Registration of attestation results.

"Skeleton" - Walking. What is a skeleton for? Conclusions. Target. The structure of the human skeleton. Reliable support and protection of the human body. First aid. How to grow tall and slender. Bone and joint injuries. Rules for maintaining correct posture. How to sit and walk correctly. What properties do bones have?

"Asexual reproduction" - Interdisciplinary relations: botany - zoology - genetics. Topic: "Asexual reproduction". Lesson conclusions: During asexual reproduction, new individuals are formed from one or more cells of the mother's body by mitotic divisions. Problem lesson question: Why asexual reproduction ensures the consistency of the set of chromosomes in generations?

"Prince Yaroslav the Wise" - Yaroslav Vladimirovich the Wise. Kiev throne. Yaroslav the Wise. Domestic policy Yaroslav. The Pechenegs attacked Russia. Death of Yaroslav. Yaroslav. Grand Duke Kievsky. Monument to Yaroslav. Brothers Yaroslav and Mstislav. Reading to the people of Russian Truth. Merits of Yaroslav the Wise. Kiev under Yaroslav. Enlightener of Russia.

"Lakes of the Russian Plain" - Average area - 1120 sq. Km. Lake Peipsi... Thirty-two rivers flow into Ladoga. Pskov Lake Peipsi. Level fluctuations up to 8 m (minimum - in March, maximum - in May). The ice lasts from November to April. Views of Lake Ladoga. The northern section of Lake Onega is the deepest. There is a wide variety of fish species in Ladoga.

Sections: Literature

to reveal to the students the brilliant skill of I.S. Turgenev in the field of verbal painting, his boundless love for the Russian people;
to consolidate the ability of students to analyze the text;
enrich the vocabulary of students;
develop a culture of speaking and writing.

Vocabulary work: singers, rower, competition, defeat, comparison, mournful, sincere.

Equipment: multimedia projector, reproduction of the painting "Singers".

During the classes

I. Message of the topic, the purpose of the lesson

II. Homework check (individual assignment, word about the writer?)

The story "Singers", written by I.S. Turgenev in 1850, occupies one of the first places among other stories of "Notes of a Hunter" in terms of the brightness of the pictures given in it, in depth psychological characteristics characters, for the skill of composition and expressiveness of the language, for the richness of the ideological content contained in it and for the strength of its impact on wide circles of the Russian reader.

III. 1. Drawing up a story plan.

Village Kolotovka and Prityniy zucchini.
A conversation of Stunned Morgach about the upcoming singing competition.
The owner and visitors of the Pritynny tavern.
Before the competition.
Characters of the story.
Singing of the rower.
Singing Jacob.
Drunken revelry in a pub after the competition.
Roll call of boys.

2 . Determine the central scene of the story.

(A competition of two singers, performers of folk songs, in front of the regulars of the village tavern, listeners and judges.)

Two types of singers, drawn by the hand of the great Russian writer, appear before the reader's mental gaze:

- Description of the rower from Zhizdra (work with text).

- Description of Janeka Turk (work with text).

3. Output.

Before us are undoubtedly two outstanding talented representatives of the Russian people, performers of folk songs, who sincerely and deeply love this art and are capable of impartially assessing each other's skills.

4. What effect did the song of Yakov have on his opponent, a lawyer from Zhizdra?

(The latter admits himself defeated. "You ... yours ... you ... won," he finally said with difficulty and rushed out of the room ... ")

5. What is felt in the intonation of the defeated?

(Respect for your more talented companion.)

In the light of these feelings, petty feelings fall silent: the bitterness of defeat in competition. Offended pride. This shared love of art brings them closer together.

6. What is the manner in which the song is performed by the singers?

7. What song is the rowdy singing?(Merry, dancing.)

8. And Jacob? (Sad, mournful.)

9. What caused the difference in the choice of the genre of the song?

(Personal characteristics of the singer. The rower did not manage to maintain a sense of proportion, there was a lot of artificial, unnecessary play in his voice "His voice was rather pleasant and sweet, although a little hoarse," the author conveys his impressions of the song, the rower.)

10. What is the character of Jacob's performance of the song?

(Feelings of sadness and sadness, slow singing tempo, lack of abrupt transitions, clear and precise phrasing of the text.) Pay attention to the genre of the song.

11. What ensured Jacob's victory?

(The high talent of the singer, who puts all his soul into his favorite art.)

12. Description of the rower. (He is confident in his skill.)

13. Note the difference in the attitude of the singers to the competition before singing.

Conclusion: Yakov's art is a deep ideological, serious art that reflected the mood and feelings of the Russian people. The art of the rower is a superficial entertaining art that gives the listeners oblivion for a while, but cannot really captivate them.

(The rower from Zhizdra stands out among the regulars of the pub in terms of his social and material status. Yakov is a scooper worker from a paper mill.)

When describing the singing of a rower, a skillful, self-confident singer, the author for characterization high technology performance and his ability to control the voice took advantage of the comparison borrowed from everyday life: "played and wagged this goal like a whirligig." One can feel the author's critical attitude to the singer in describing his confidence. (“Let's start, perhaps,” the rower said coolly and with a confident smile, “I’m ready ”).

The author has a different attitude to the singing of Yakov, a true, inspired artist of his craft. The narrator resorts to comparisons borrowed from the area of the rich Russian nature. Listening to Yakov, the narrator recalled a picture he had once seen: a large white seagull sitting on a flat sandy seashore, “making a terrible and heavy noise in the distance”. There is something, apparently, in common between the picture of the majestic sea with lonely seagulls on the shore and the content of the song that Jacob sang, if the author remembered this picture. The state of the singing Jacob, encouraged by the silent and passionate participation of the audience, makes the author compare the singer with a swimmer being lifted by the waves. “… Every sound of his voice, - the author writes, - breathed with something familiar and immensely wide. As if the familiar steppe was opening up in front of you, going into an endless distance. I felt that my heart was boiling and tears rose in the gases ... "

Reads out last moment singing.

IV. Generalization.

1. What did IS Turgenev show in the images of competing singers?

(The high endowment of the Russian people, the ability for true inspired art.)

V. Homework... Description of listeners.

(Verbal drawing. Name expressive means.)

Turgenev's "singers" enter the middle of the cycle of stories "Notes of a Hunter" (this work is called a "cycle" on the basis that the personality of the narrator, in many respects identical to the author himself, is present in all stories, and also because the writer composed these works, perceiving them as a whole). It embodies the features of the author's style characteristic of the entire collection, the main ones of which are rightfully considered descriptions of landscapes, the figure of the narrator, psychologism (a way of revealing the characters of the characters) and, of course, close attention to the ordinary Russian person and his fate.

Having got acquainted with this work, the reader, undoubtedly, will be able to form an impression, both about the entire cycle of stories, and about the prose of Turgenev, the great master of Russian literature, in general. It was thanks to the skill in writing stories that he became famous not only in Russia, but throughout Europe during his lifetime.

The Singers were written by Turgenev in the midst of work on the collection - in 1850, when the author was already clearly aware of the social and aesthetic significance of the future cycle, within which he created stories. This means that each work reflects in one way or another the specifics of the Hunter's Notes as a whole, and they need to be perceived in aggregate, as Turgenev himself did.

This story was created at a time when most of the peasants existed under the yoke of serfdom (abolished only in 1861 by the decree of Alexander II, who, by the way, read "Notes of a Hunter"), in a destructive social and natural environment (remember the ravine around which the village of Kotlotovka is located from The Singers). The prerequisites for the disintegration of the landlord system of land tenure already existed, echoes of which are found in this collection.

Genre and direction

Turgenev's "Singers" is a story. It is characterized by everything that is characteristic of other examples of the genre: a small number of plot lines (in in this case- one), characters (in this case nine), problems to be solved (in this case, two, not counting the varieties).

Turgenev in "Notes of a Hunter" tried to believably, realistically depict the life of the Russian people, in the first place - ordinary people... This intention corresponds to what the representatives of the natural school did.

Composition

The work begins with an extensive exposition (the part that introduces the reader to the main actors and their environment). It tells about the landscape specifics of the location of the Kolotovka village (it is located on a hill divided by a ravine, it divides the village in half), about the heart of the village - a drinking establishment owned by one of the main characters - Nikolai Ivanovich.
Then the author moves on to the plot: the narrator comes to the village and learns that a competition will take place in the tavern between the singers as a rower (this is a profession; employing workers) and Yashka-Turk, and this arouses his interest, so he goes to listen.
The main part, which consists only in preparations for the competition and the performance of the rower, is expanded by the narrator due to the characteristics of the characters anticipating the performance of the singers in the tavern.
The culmination is Yashka's delightful performance and his victory.
In the denouement, the narrator leaves the tavern and leaves the village of Kolotovka.

The composition of Turgenev's story "The Singers" is mirrored: at the beginning the main character he comes to the village on a scorching day, in conclusion he leaves the village on a cool night (the images are day - night, the weather is hot - cool, the actions of the hero at the beginning and at the end of the work are opposite). As in many stories from The Hunter's Notes, the writer does not concentrate on the plot; its development takes up a small part of the volume of the work. Most of them are landscapes and personal characteristics of the characters.

The main characters and their characteristics

The images of the singers in Turgenev's story play a key role in the plot.

The characterization of the row, given by the narrator himself, is as follows:

As for the little man, whose fate, I confess, remained unknown to me, he seemed to me a dodgy and lively city bourgeoisie.

Turgenev also reveals his character through his cold-blooded and self-confident behavior before the competition.

The narrator reports the following about another singer:

Jacob, nicknamed Turk, because he really came from a captured Turkish woman, was to his liking - an artist in every sense of the word, and by title - a scooper at a merchant's paper mill.

He, unlike the rower, is exhausted with excitement before the competition and shows uncertainty.

These heroes are opposed by social status (the rowdy is rich, Yashka is a poor man), by their behavior before the performance, one has a name, and the other does not. But the most important difference between them lies in their singing. The rower sings in such a way that it is interesting to listen to him, but Yakov's magnificent singing makes the men cry, takes them by the heart. The line between performers is where the line between entertainment and art is.

However, in comparison with other characters (Stunned, Morgach, Nikolai Ivanovich, Dikim-Barin), the narrator reports very little about these two, without delving into their biography. Turgenev in "Notes of a Hunter" wished, first of all, to show the nobles (only they read it) that ordinary Russian peasants also have complex, sometimes unusual characters, have a soul, that they are the same people as the readers of Turgenev, constituting a single Russian people.

Topics and problems

The most significant theme of the story is the theme of music or, more broadly, the theme of art, revealed by a plot collision. Accordingly, the following issues are associated with it:

The influence of music on a person- when Yakov sings, he touches the subtlest strings of the souls of his listeners, gives them the opportunity to feel, feel the beauty (this problem can be reformulated: the influence of art on a person, the effect of beauty on others);
Genius problem- Jacob is poor, has a low social status, but he has something more significant - the ability to influence people's emotions by singing (the role of talent in the life of society).

the main idea

The idea behind Turgenev's story "Singers": there is a clear line separating beauty from everyday entertainment. Yakov's speech not only surpassed that of the rower, it was fundamentally different in that it directly influenced the souls of those around it, it was not just a pleasant sight, it was truly beautiful.

The meaning of Turgenev's story "Singers": beauty is a slight flicker in the darkness of everyday life, and after touching beauty it hurts a person to return to the stuffy darkness of life. This is exactly what the narrator feels after the performance, so he leaves the tavern until the moment when Yakov and other men begin to celebrate and drink, that is, before Yakov turns from a translator of the ineffable back into the scooper Yashka-Turk.

Means of artistic expression

The skill of Turgenev as a storyteller lies in depicting refined landscapes, psychologism (disclosing inner peace characters through speech, behavior). The author seeks to understand the essence of the described phenomenon. It was this desire to display the smallest details of the life depicted that made him a great writer.

Turgenev's style in The Singers is characterized by an abundance of epithets and comparisons.

The landscape, the landscape of the village, divided in half by a ravine, as if symbolizes the wound that the narrator felt when returning from the depths of the soul to everyday existence.

(10 )

In the story "Singers", the author tells about the impression that singing makes on a Russian person, and at the same time gives the image of a talented singer from the folk environment. In the tavern there is a singing competition between the rower from Zhizdra and Yashka Turk.

The first draws on a merry song, abundant with all sorts of curls and clicks; general delight is his reward. Performs second on the stage; he begins the mournful song "Not one path ran in the field." At first he sings timidly, but gradually gets inspired, takes possession of himself and his sad Russian song sounds wide, from it "it blows with something familiar and irresistibly wide, as if a familiar steppe spreads out in front of the audience, going into an endless distance ..."

This song has the most amazing effect on the listeners: some stand as numb, others sob; they were influenced by that sincerity, that deep feeling that permeated the song of the talented Yakov. In the tavern, a kind of tournament is held between the singers. Here the rowdy sings a merry, dancing song.

He begins to trim such curls, clicked and drummed his tongue so violently, so violently played with his throat that when he let out the last, dying voice, the general continuous cry of the audience answered him with a frantic explosion. But then Jacob appears on the stage. He leaned against the wall; his eyes barely flickered through lowered eyelashes.

He sighed deeply and sang ... little by little, flaring up and expanding, his mournful song poured out: “Not only one path lay in the field ...” “He sang, and everyone present felt sweet,” says Turgenev, “both sweet and creepy ... grew, spilled. Evidently, Jacob was seized with rapture ... he devoted himself entirely to his happiness. Blood boiled on my heart and tears rose to my eyes. Deaf, restrained sobs, - continues Turgenev, - amazed me ... I looked around - the kissing man's wife was crying, leaning her chest against the window ... "Yakov finished. The listeners all stood as if dumbfounded. The rower quietly got up and went to Yakov. “You ... yours ... you won,” he said with difficulty and rushed out of the room. Yes. Not daring and not a cheerful song touches the Russian person, although there is a lot of room for it in him. The Russian person needs sincerity. "

In The Singers, Turgenev depicts the amazing effect of music and songs on the most diverse Russian people. In the unsightly atmosphere of the tavern, a competition between two singers takes place, and the pure breeze of art cleans and enlightens everything around. The rower from Zhizdra and Yashka Turok are competing, and the listeners are watching the outcome of the noble struggle with fading heartfelt sympathy. The winner is Jacob.

Here is how Turgenev draws his singing: “Little by little, flaring up and expanding, a mournful song flowed. The listeners responded with all their hearts to the inspired singing: the author felt that “tears were boiling in his heart and were rising to his eyes”; he saw that "the kissing man's wife was crying, her breasts leaning against the window"; the kissing man Nikolai Ivanitch looked down; the frivolous and incongruous Oboldui, an outsider and accidental witness to the competition, and the stern "Wild Master" himself was moved.

Yakov's rival, the rower, was the first to admit himself defeated. Sensitive and tenderly responsive to the impressions of art, Turgenev portrays the Russian soul in "Singers", and the author subtly noticed the folk peculiarities, folk features of a broad and free Russian song.

The small village of Kolotovka lies on the slope of a bare hill cut by a deep ravine that winds along the very middle of the street. A few steps from the beginning of the ravine, there is a small rectangular hut covered with thatch. This is the "Pritynny" tavern. It is visited much more readily than other establishments, and the reason for this is the kissing man Nikolai Ivanovich. This unusually fat, gray-haired man with a swollen face and cunningly good-natured eyes has been living in Kolotovka for more than 20 years. Not distinguished by any particular courtesy or talkativeness, he has the gift of attracting guests and knows a lot about everything that is interesting to a Russian person. He knows everything that happens in the area, but he never blabs it out.

Nikolai Ivanovich is respected and influenced by his neighbors. He is married and has children. His wife is a lively, sharp-nosed and quick-eyed bourgeois, Nikolai Ivanovich relies on her in everything, and the drunkards-screamers are afraid of her. The children of Nikolai Ivanovich went to be their parents - smart and healthy guys.

It was a hot July day when I, tormented by thirst, went up to the Pristine zucchini. Suddenly, a tall gray-haired man appeared on the threshold of the tavern and began to call someone, waving his hands. A short, fat and lame man with a sly expression, nicknamed Morgach, responded to him. From the conversation between Morgach and his friend Stunned, I understood that a singing competition was being started in the tavern. The best singer in the region Yashka Turok will show his skills.

Quite a lot of people have already gathered in the tavern, including Yashka, a thin and slender man of 23 years old with large gray eyes and light blond curls. Near him stood a broad-shouldered man of about 40 with black shiny hair and a fiercely pensive expression on his Tatar face. His name was Wild Barin. Opposite him sat Yashka's rival, a rowdy from Zhizdra, a stout, short man of about 30, pockmarked and curly, with a blunt nose, brown eyes and a thin beard. The Wild Master was in charge of the action.

Before describing the competition, I would like to say a few words about those gathered in the tavern. Evgraf Ivanov, or Stunned, was a bachelor on a spree. He could neither sing nor dance, but not a single drink was complete without him - his presence was tolerated as an inevitable evil. The past of Morgach was unclear, they only knew that he was a coachman at the lady's, got into the clerks, was released and became rich. This is an experienced person on his own mind, not kind and not evil. His entire family consists of a son who went to his father. Yakov, descended from a captive Turkish woman, was an artist at heart, and by rank - a scooper at a paper mill. No one knew where the Wild Barin (Pereforesov) came from and how he lives. This sullen man lived without needing anyone and enjoyed tremendous influence. He did not drink wine, did not know women, and was passionate about singing.

The rower was the first to sing. He sang a dance song with endless decorations and transitions, which caused the Wild Master's smile and the stormy approval of the rest of the audience. Jacob began with excitement. There was deep passion in his voice, and youth, and strength, and sweetness, and an exciting, carefree, sad sorrow. The Russian soul sounded in him and grabbed his heart. Tears came to everyone's eyes. The rower himself admitted defeat.

I left the tavern, so as not to spoil the impression, got to the hayloft and fell asleep like a dead dream. In the evening, when I woke up, Yashka’s victory was already in full swing in the tavern. I turned away and began to descend the hill on which the Beater lies.