Shekleton Antarctica. Great discoveries and travels: History of the wonderful rescue from the Irnes Shecklton Expedition Antarctic Ice
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"If you know how to dream and not turn the dream into your master ...", - Ernest Shekletton[edit Code]
- The quotation attributed to the Shekletton is actually envious by the translation of the poem of the poem if ... kipling. D-Gun 20:15, January 17, 2010 (UTC)
- not quite like that - the rows were engraved on the copper board ... Here is a quote from the book Dale Carnegie. Oratory and influence on business partners (Collection, 1926-1931). Part V. Main Success Backgrounds Public Speech:
On the day, when these lines are written, January 5, the anniversary of the death of Sir Ernest Shekldon is noted. He died, floating on the beautiful ship "Quest" ("Search") to the south for the study of Antarctica. The first thing that attracted the attention of those who climbed the board "quest" were the following lines engraved on the copper board:
"If you know how to dream and not turn the dream into your master, if you know how to think and do not turn thoughts in the end of youth, if you know how to meet with the triumph and disaster and equally handle these two deceivers, if you can force your heart, and nerves, And the muscles do their job and after they no longer be, and thus preserve when nothing remains anything, except for the will, who spoke to them: "Hold on!",
If you can fill in an inexorable minute with a sixty-second mileage, "the Earth will belong to you and everything that in it, and more, you will be a man, my son!"
Sheklton called these poems in the spirit of "Quest". And indeed, they reflect the spirit that the person should be imbued with the South Pole ...
Seleonov 10:15, November 10, 2010 (UTC)
CD Eureka - Shackleton's Voyage[edit Code]
In 2009, the EUREKA project under the leadership of the German musician Frank Bosserta released the album Shackleton's Voyage, dedicated to expeditions to Antarctica in 1914-1916.
89.169.93.155 08:51, February 5, 2011 (UTC) DmitryCorrection of translation[edit Code]
Phrase from the article " teachers "made every effort todo not spoil the tastes of their students "Therefore, the study of the literature was reduced to reading and analyzing passages from national poets and prosaikov"This is wrong translation. In the English wiki, an exact quote from Sheklton is given: "Literature, Tooo, Consisted in the Dissection, The Parsing, The Analysing of Certain Passages from Our Great Poets and Prose-Writes ... Teachers Should Be Very Careful Not to Spoil Taste for Poetry for All Time By Making It A Task and An Imposition.
Sheklton means that "Teachers should be very careful in order not to spoil the literary taste of students with the transformation of literature on mandatory tasks (Task) or exercises given as a punishment (imposition). " Do not spoil the taste"This is not a description of what really happened at school, but only a desire (Should be) so that teachers change their methods no evidence 14:52, December 13, 2012 (UTC)` ``
"A great day for our start; bright sunlight And a cloudless sky, a small wind from the north - in general, everything that could make a beneficial start. We have breakfast at 7 am, and at 8:30 pm Sani, which car pulled to the glacial language, were transported to the penguins colony by uneven ice. At 9:30, auxiliary squad started and soon disappeared from the sight ... "(E. G. Sheklton. In the heart of the Antarctic. Chapter 19).
Since the opening of Antarctica until the moment when south mainland For the first time, a man's leg stepped up - it was terrible to think about three quarters of the century! The first who landed on the ice continent became Norwegian Karsten Borkgregrek, in the past, a biology teacher. It happened in 1895 near Cape Adair. Four years later, he began the first wintering in Antarctica, which ended in 1900. He took the first trip to the maintenance of the continent, reaching 78 ° 50 'in a dog sledding.
The next was the Englishman Robert Falcon Scott, a military sailor in the Commander's rank. In 1900, he was appointed by the head of the First National Antarctic Expedition on the ship "Discovery" ("Opening"), and at the beginning of 1902 the British reached the ADR Cape. The expeditions managed to make a lot of discoveries. So, they found that the Erebus volcanoes and terror are not on the most continent, but at the nearby island, named after James Ross, opened the Edward VII peninsula, examined the land of Victoria.
November 2, 1902 Robert Scott, Dr. Edward Wilson and Junior Lieutenant Ernest Sheklton on three dog sledding went to the pole. They moved along the western edge of the Ross's shelf glacier along the mountain range and reached 82 ° 17 'Yu. sh. Here the path of them was blocked by an ice cliff; I had to come back. All three travelers have already suffered from the snow blindness and were sick in Qing, and Shecklton coughed blood. In early February, they were met by auxiliary party, published towards. Shecklton Scott, who continued to hurt, sent to England on the ship "Morning" ("Morning"), who arrived with mail, as well as a margin of food and fuel for the second wintering. She was forced: "Discovery" tightly to the ice.
Upon arrival in England, Sheklton told about the openings of the expedition. His reports in scientific societies, speeches in clubs, articles in newspapers made himself and the whole expedition extremely popular. Soon Sheklton received the title of Lieutenant and the order to lead the preparation of a rescue operation. Two vessels sent to the liberation of Discovery: the Antarctica - Morning and New - "Terra Nova" was sent off the coast of Antarctica. Shekletton coped with the task: "Discovery" managed to rescue from the ice captivity, and Scott returned to his homeland with comrades.
Simultaneously with the British in 1902, the Germans (Erich Drigalsky) and Swedes (Otto Nordenchöld) began to conquer Antarctica. The first opened the Western shelf glacier, and the head of the expedition on the basis of the research results developed the theory of moving ice. The Swedish expedition under the leadership of the nephew of the famous Adolf Nordenšeldd was lucky: their vessel died, but people discovered and rescued Argentines. After that, the different parts of the mainland investigated the Scots (William Bruce, 1903-1904) and the French (Jean Sharoot, 1903-1905).
In 1907, Sheklton, who decided to conquer the South Pole, organized his own expedition to Antarctica. Ernest Henry Shekletton earlyly tied his life with the sea, managed to visit several long-range swimming and one around the world, having passed a difficult path from the jungle to Lieutenant. After the expedition on the "discovery", the relationship between Scott and Sheklton was corrupted, although it looks outwardly everything looked quite affordable. Evil languages \u200b\u200bargued that Scott could not forgive the Sheklton of his popularity - not among the general public, but in his officer circle. From now on, they became not comrades, but rivals.
Shekldon had a buddy on the name Birdor, a man is far from poor. Thanks to his help, the traveler managed to get the funds for the expedition. For swimming to the ice continent, he acquired a small whaling ship with the formidable name "Nemrod", and for the campaign to the pole chose dogs, Manchurian pony and ... car. The Shakletton did not particularly expect a dog, beating about how all 22 dogs taken in the campaign were killed quickly, and decided to try in the case of hardy horses. Special hopes of Shekletton laid on the car. He believed that the car would be able to go through more than 200 km, which would significantly reduce the time to achieve the pole. The shores of Antarctica "Nimrod" went on January 1, 1908 from New Zealand. On board was 16 people. After three weeks, the ship approached the Ross barrier.
The first thing Sheklton decided to conquer Erebus - perhaps, so that his people felt confident in their power. To the top, more precisely, crater acting volcano Physicist Douglas Muson, Geologist Edzhuort David, Meteorologist Jameson Adams and the doctor Alista McCay. They measured the height of Erebus, approximately determined the depth and circumference of the crater, made its geological incision, collected samples of huge crystals of sulfur and other minerals.
Preparing for the achievement of its main goal, Shakletton led upside down the ice shield of the Sunny Party, wanting to arrange intermediate - on the way to the pole - a warehouse of food. Hike with terrible frost and stormy wind took three weeks. Several people, led by Sheklton, were injected into Sanya and passed towards the pole of about 200 km. The place of the warehouse marked the black flag. And on September 25, another squad - Muson, David and McCay - went hiking to achieve a southern magnetic pole. Sani first dragged the car, but after a few kilometers he stopped. Experience of the expedition of Sheklton showed that normal car Not suitable for conquest Antarctica. Protectors tested on European roads are not at all "coupled" with ice, nor with snow, the engine was not ready for work in extremely cold conditions. The members of the detachment had to go on foot - no dogs, no pony they took with them. It was a heavy campaign. Travelers crossed the glaciers (Nordenšeld, Drigalsky), accounted for cracks hidden under snow bridges. Once Mooson still fell into the abyss, but clung to the hardened rope.
Finally, on January 16, 1909, the detachment reached a magnetic pole (point with zero magnetic declination). Its coordinates were then such: 72 ° 25 'Yu. Sh., 155 ° 16 'V.D. (Unlike the geographic magnetic pole, it is not in one place, and drifts - for example, in 2009 it was located at a point with coordinates 64 ° 28 'Yu.Sh., 137 ° 30' V.D.). Moroson, David and Mackay descended from the glacial plateau to the shore, as it was agreed, but "Nimrod" passed by their camp: they did not see the flags from the ship.
And yet the vessel returned and took the three heroes. While they fled to the "nimber", Muson again managed to fall into the crack, but again was saved. For 109 days, David and his satellites passed more than 2 thousand km, ended the continuous shooting of the territory between Erebus and Melbourne Mountain, and most importantly - found a southern magnetic pole.
While all this happened, Sheklton in Jameson Adams, Eric Marshall and Frank Wilde from October 29, 1908, stubbornly moved to the southern geographical pool. Wilde called this campaign "the great southern journey." The detachment went to the sleigh, harmful pony. Not a single animal endured the path of way: all died shortly after the start, when moving through the Ross's shelf glacier. When it turned out that on the way to the pole, we must climb on the high, about 3000 m, the plateau, the people had to progress themselves in Sanya. The forces of them melted, as well as the reserves of edible, the speed of promotion every day fell, in many respects due to the oncoming storm wind. January 9, 1909 on the breadth of 88 ° 23 'Shekletton decided to turn back. Until the pole remained only 180 km. Exhausted to the limit, but live travelers returned to the coastal base. There they found a note from which they learned that the ship was gone - only two days ago. And again "Nimrod" returned and took four researchers. According to calculations, they passed in both ends of more than 2,700 km. The campaign was marked by major discoveries: the huge valley Glacier of Birdmore and several mountain ranges were put on the map and several mountain ranges (including Queen-Alexander), framing the Ross Glacier.
In mid-June 1909, the expedition of Sheklton returned to England. Multiple crowds of residents of London met polarists as national heroes. For several months each other replaced endless techniques, meetings in scientific societies, performances in clubs and universities. Sheklton was elected by an honorary member of several dozen geographic and other scientific societies, he was awarded numerous gold medals. Many countries have honored his orders. At the invitation of the Russian Geographical Society, Sheklton arrived in St. Petersburg, where he was met by the most famous scientists of Russia: Semenov-Tian-Shansky, Shokalsky, etc. He was adopted by Nikolai II, talked about two hours with him and received the Order of St. Anne.
However, we will not forget that the main goal is south geographical Pole. - Shekleton never reached. When "Nimrod" returned to England, Robert Falcon Scott just ended the preparation of a new expedition to Antarctica. Like Sheklton, he dreamed first to reach the southern pole. He was confident in success and confident. In general, it is unlikely that someone doubted the British championship. More than probably, so everything came out if it were not for one circumstance. More precisely, even two. In the same 1909, American Robert Piri - no longer for the first time - stormed the North Pole and this time reported on the successful completion of his company. Having learned about this, Norwegian Ruled Amundsen refused the project to achieve the North Pole and sent the famous "Fram" to the south, to Antarctica.
Figures and facts
The main character
Ernest Henry Shekletton, English Parliamentary Researcher
Others characters
R. Scott, Polarnik; E. Wilson, polarist, doctor; Participants of the Expedition of Sheklton D. Muson, E. David, D. Adams, A. Mackay, E. Marshall, F. Wilde
Time of action
Exactly one hundred years ago, October 27, 1915, the team of the British traveler Ernest Sheklton landed on the ice of Antarctica. The ship sank, but people undertook a desperate attempt to escape - and survived. The full history of this expedition can be found from books"Lost in Ice"and "Leadership in Ice". Several facts of them:
On August 8, 1914, Ernest Sheklton with his brave team went on the road, going to cross the endless snow of Antarctica. This journey was destined to become the last expedition of the Golden Age of Polar Research.
Sheklton planned to reach Antarctica and go through the South Pole, but on January 18, 1915, the ship, without reaching the goal, was stuck in a dense cluster of ice fragments
The crew is trying to clear the path for the ship.
Gradually, the ice floes were tilted by a ship on thirty degrees. At some point, one of the ice floes broke through the hull of the vessel, water rushed in the hold. It was unsafe on the ship. The order to land on the ice sounded on October 27, 1915 at five o'clock in the evening, although most of the participants in the expedition by this time it was already clear that the ship would sweat. People fought for him - and lost.
The ship went under the water on November 21. The team members had to get used to the new reality consisting of constant inconveniences, endless dampness and inevitable cold. The new home travelers became the Ocean camp, which they broke near the ship. Travelers, almost a year ago, who left South Georgia, remained drifting on the ice.
The team drags a lifeboat on ice after the death of the ship.
On December 23, Sheklton and his team packed equipment and left the Ocean camp in search of more reliable ice. The next three and a half months the team spent in the camp "Patience" on the iceline, which drifted to the northwest. However, Irdine became even more unreliable with each day, and on April 9, the team members had to transfer to lifeboats. A week later they landed on the deserted Island Elephant.
Shekletton took several people with him and went on a boat for help. After 16 days, they managed to reach the whaling base on the island of South Georgia. Another three months it took to get to the island of Elefant and evacuate the remaining team members.
Read more about the heroic expedition of Ernest Sheklton and courageous people who managed to survive in extreme conditions, in these books: "Lost in Ice"and "Leadership in Ice".
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© Diary Translation F. Hurley A. Gmerova
© 2014 by Paulsen. All Rights Reserved.
Dear friends!
Before you best Book The famous polar researcher Ernest Sheklton is a man who has an amazing talent to lead people in the most desperate terms. His team believed in him, as in God, and he always justified these hopes.
In the journey book described on the pages on the "Nimrod", Shaklton, for the first time in the history of mankind, to achieve a geographical southern pole, but turned back, not becoming risking the lives of comrades. "Live donkey is better than a dead lion," he wrote to his wife, but the life of Sheklton testifies that he has taken care of personal security. For him, another was important: the concern for people entrusted to him, delighted with the meeting with unknown places, the fame of the discoverer. There was no Sheklton is indifferent to financial success - however, at the same time, he in the literal sense dedicated himself to polar expeditions, who did not mean any profit ...
By the way, if you do not consider travel lectures, then the only successful project in the life of the Shelnon was exactly this book, "in the heart of Antartics." She was first published in London, in 1909, and withstood many reprints in various languages. In Russian full version The books went out only once - in 1957.
Of course, this work is far from fiction. It is very close: the author describes in detail the equipment, organization and course of the expedition. However, not only that all this is interesting in itself: with these serious pages, the personality of the author is clearly overlooked - his constant vigor, love for life, sympathy for comrades. And although after the completion of the expedition on "Nimrod", more than a hundred years have passed, we still have something to learn from Sheklton. We all - not only travel lovers.
P.S. We allowed themselves to add the book "In the Heart of Antarctic" by another interesting text: Frank Hurley's Australian diaries, a photographer who participated in the Sheklton Expedition on Endurans. The fate of these diaries is bunciful and described in joining them. So far, we only note that these diaries, as far as we managed to find out, have never been made public.
Frederick Paulsen, publisher
Dear readers!
Before you - the second book of the series dedicated to the legendary British polar explorers, which the Shell concern and Palesen Publishing House are jointly represented.
"In the heart of the Antarctica" - the book of the famous British polar explorer Ernest Henry Sheklton, the participant of the four Antarctic expeditions.
The Personality of Sheklton is well known in the UK. So, in the survey "100 of the greatest British", spent in 2002, Sheklton took the 11th place. During his life, the researcher was known in Russia. In 1909, at the invitation of the Russian Geographical Society, Skklton visited St. Petersburg, where Nikolai II audience was honored.
"In the heart of the Antarctic" was first translated into Russian back in 1935, and only once reprinted in 1957. More than 50 years later, the book comes out again and is timed to carry out the cross-year of culture of Great Britain and Russia.
It is gratifying that the book is published with the support of the Russian Geographical Society, which has long traditions of international cooperation, including British researchers. I am confident that the book of Ernest Henry Sheklton will take a worthy place on the bookshelf of all who are interested in the heroic pages in the history of the development of mankind of the polar regions of our planet.
I wish you an exciting reading!
Olivier Lazar, Chairman of the Shell Concern in Russia
Sir Ernest Henry Shekletton
Preface
The scientific results of the expedition cannot be detailed in this book. Articles of specialists who participated in the expedition, with summarizing information on the work done in the field of geology, biology, magnetic observations, meteorology, physics, etc., are placed in the appendix. In the same preface, I want to point out the most important parties to the work of the expedition in the field of geography.
We spent the winter of 1908 in the PRIOLE McMonder, twenty-miles (32.2 km) north of the wintering place "Discovery". In the fall, one party climbed into Erebus and examined its crater. During spring and summer 1908-1909. From wintering came three sledding games. One went to the south and reached the very southern Pointsreached by any of the people to now; The other for the first time in the world reached the Southern Magnetic Pole, the Third examined the mountain ranges to the west of the Plioli McMordo.
South Sunny Party Waterproof British state flag at 88 ° 23 'Yu. sh., at a distance of 100 geographic miles (185 km) from the southern pole. This batch of four people found that south of the McMonder Strait between the 82nd and 86th parallels there is a large mountain range, which stretches in the southeast direction. It was also established that the large mountain ranges continue to south and southwest and that between them lies one of the world's greatest in the world leading to the mainland to the plateau. The height of this plateau is 88 ° sh. More than 11,000 feet (3353 m) above sea level. In all likelihood, the plateau continues for the southern pole, extending from Cape ADER to the pole. Serfs and the corners of the new mountains in the south and the Greater Glacier are applied to the map approximately correctly, given the several rude definition methods, inevitable in those conditions.
The mystery of the Great Ice Barrier is not allowed. In my opinion, the question of his education and length cannot receive a final response, until a special expedition examines the line of the mountains around the southern tip of the barrier. We managed to shed only some light on the structure of the barrier. Based on observations and measurements, it is possible to pre-conclude that it mainly consists of snow. The disappearance of the bay Balloon As a result of chipping, the part of the Great Ice Barrier indicates that the retreat of the barrier, which was observed since Sir James Ross's swimming in 1842, continues until now.
Ross, James Clark (1800-1862) - English Polar Researcher. In 1818-1821, he participated in several Arctic expeditions of his compatriot William Edward Parry to find the north-western passage - a sea route along the northern shores of the American continent. In 1829-1833, he participated in the expedition of his uncle John Ross. Together with this expedition transferred three heavy wintering in polar ice Lancaster Strait (Parry Archipelago); In 1831, he opened the Northern Magnetic Pole. In 1839-1843, I made swimming in Antarctic on the courts "Erebus" and "Terror". During the first navigation, Ross opened in the southern part of the Pacific Ocean far-out to the south of the Water Space (Sea of \u200b\u200bRoss), the Sea of \u200b\u200bthe coast of Antarctica - Earth Victoria, two volcanoes - Erebus (acting) and terror. Further to the south, the ships were blocked high - up to 100 m height - icy wall (Barrier of Ross, Great Ice Barrier). In subsequent swimming, Ross traced the direction of the barrier to the east for 200 km and reached 78 ° 10 'Yu. sh. - Points, I did not attend anyone before, noted the destruction of the ice barrier. In the third, Ross sailing explored the shore of the land of Louis Philippe and opened Ross Island.
At the 163rd Meridian, it was definitely an elevated, covered with snow earth, as we saw slopes and peaks there, completely covered with snow. However, we did not notice the naked rocks and did not have the opportunity to measure the depth of the snow cover in the place, so they could not make final output.
Shekleton (Shackleton) Ernest Henry (1874-1922), Ansky Researcher Antarctica. In 1901-1903, the participant of the Expedition R. Scott, in 1907-1909 the head of the expedition to the South Pole (reached 88 degrees 32 minutes 19 seconds Yu. Sh., Opened a mountain range on Victoria Earth, Polar Plateau and the Birdmore Glacier). In 1914-1917, the head of the expedition to the shores of Antarctica.
Shekletton Ernst Henry - Antarctic Researcher. In 1901-1903, R. Scott participated in the expedition in 1907-1909, in 1907-1909, he led an expedition to the Southern Pole (reached 88 degrees 32 minutes Yu. Sh., Opened a mountain range on Victoria Earth, Polar Plateau and the Birdmore Glacier). In 1914-1917, he led an expedition to the shores of Antarctica.
Sheklton - Siblius from the ancient Irish surname - Born in Kilke Hauz in the doctor's family. His youth passed in the sea. Having learned about the desire of the Son to become a sailor, Sheklton-Sr. did not counteract. When Ernst graduated from school, his father used his dating to arrange a son Yunga at a 1600-ton clip "Hogaton Tower", sent to long sailing. In the last days of April 1890, Hoglon Tower left the coast of England and headed across the Atlantic around the southern tip of America Cape Mountain in the Chilean port of Valparaiso.
Swimming on "Hogl Tower", became a harsh, but excellent school for Sheklton. He served on the clip of four years, made two long-range swimming in Chile and one around the world.
Upon returning from around the world swimming, Shacklton was able to pass the exam on the younger navigator without difficulty and to get the place of the third assistant to the project "Monmuschair" of the Wales regular line, which raised to Japan and America.
In 1901, the Junior Lieutenant of the Royal Military Fleet Sheklton already ruled the Watch at the bridge of the Discovery Expeditionary Ship of the British Antarctic Expedition, organized for the study of polar countries. He headed the expedition Captain R. Scott.
On November 2, 1902, Scott, Wilson and Sheklton went on three dog sledding to the pole. For two weeks, they were accompanied by auxiliary party, but on November 15, she returned back, and the Pole Party continued to South. The last day of 1902 found the Scott group at 82 ° 15 "South latitude, in eight miles from the Western Mountains, against the valley, cutting the ridge in the western direction. Scott called her - Piscelon's passage. The path to the mountain range was blocked by an ice clump.
Scott Group was forced to return. All three have found signs of zing. Shekleton coughed blood. The state of the health of Sheklton forced Scott to send it to England. The fact that Sheklton considered a failure, brought him the fame, which recent Karisbruck Castle navigator and did not dream: he first told the world about the openings of the Scott expedition; He got the first laurels. Sheklton received the title of Lieutenant Fleet and a new purpose - to manage the preparation of auxiliary expedition to liberate firmly frozen in the ice "Discovery". Shekletton coped perfectly: the expedition was equipped and sent on time. Later, she rescued the Discovery from Ice Okov, and Scott's expedition returned to their homeland.
Schelton's friend - Birdmore (later Lord Invereyrn) - offered Sheklton to a decently paid post of secretary of the Technical Committee in Glasgow. It was something like the Experimental Design Bureau, which was engaged in the creation of new types of economical gas engines.
Calm, measured service in the technical committee did not satisfy Sheklton, so the idea of \u200b\u200ba new campaign to the southern pole was increasingly crumbling his ambition.
Sheklton made a project of a new expedition in newspapers, and then in the "Geographical Journal". The challenge was thrown.
On March 10, 1908, David, Muson and four of the Schekldon satellites for the first time climbed the top of Erebus (3794 meters) and reached the edge of the current volcano. Spring (at the end of October), Shekletton began a campaign to the southern pole. However, being less than 180 kilometers from the pole, on January 9, 1909, the detachment was forced to turn back due to the lack of supplies and the strongest winds. By the calculation of Sheklton, they passed in both of the end of 2,750 kilometers. The geographical results of the campaign were very significant: several mountain ranges were open (including Queen-Alexander) with a total length of more than 900 kilometers framing the Ross Glacier from the south and west.
On June 14, 1909, England met Sheklton and his comrades as national heroes. However, how significant was the achievements of Sheklton and Scott, the victory of Norwegians, the first to reach the Southern Pole, hit the National Summistry of the British. To bring the "offended" English flag to be called, the feat was needed, who would surprise the world and allow England to stroke the name of the king new spaces of the ice mainland. For it, Shacklton took.
He intercepted the idea of \u200b\u200bBruce and Filkner and made a project of a transntorctic expedition. Huge popularity, support for the ruling and financial circles of England helped Sheklton relatively easy to get requirementsAnd at the end of 1913 he took up the equipment of a new expedition.
The expedition was divided into two independent detachments. Shecklton's chief squad went to the Weddell's sailing vessel. The vessel was to plant the Schekldon's Land Party with dog sledding and food margin ashore Prince Luitpold. From here the party had to make a transition through the mainland: to the pole - in absolutely virgin places , Further, already north, a familiar road - according to the King of the King Edward VII, the Glacier of the Birdmore, an ice shield of Ross to the freezing of McMurdo. By that time, the auxiliary detachment sent to the Ross Sea on the ship "Aurora" was to arrange a base on Cape Huts or Cape Evans and dispose of food warehouses from the base to the Birdmore glacier.
But good luck turned away from Sheklton. First, the sail of "endurance" from England almost threw the beginning began world War. Then, on the way to the south, it turned out that the vessel was not so firmly, as it seemed when buying, and the part of the team was recruited due to the war from the whitebecas, it turned out to be a little suitable for polar swimming. But the main tests were waiting for Sheklton ahead.
In October 1915, Endyrence was crushed with ice and sank. People landed on the ice, smashed the camp. Ltin continued to drift to the north. While there was enough products saved from the crushed vessel, while it was possible to hunt for seals, life on the ice was rather shares. With the approach of winter, the expedition position has deteriorated.
Only on April 15, they reached the island of Mordvinov (Elefant). But was it a salvation? There were no hope for help from the outside, followed only on themselves. A dilemma stood in front of Sheklton: either to send to South Georgia, where the village of Kitoboev, a boat with experienced people, so that they would have been sent to the island of the rescue expedition, or to remain here, which would be said to God. Sheklton elected the first, most difficult option, and took it to carry it out.
His brilliant project of the transntorctic hike was clearly failed. Only in early 1917, Shaklton managed to find and pick up the seven of the last participants auxiliary detachment of the expedition at Cape Evans.
Despite all the failures, comprehended by Sheklton, his expedition as a whole made a lot of useful for science, adding knowledge about the meteorological and ice mode, the depths of the seas of Weddell and Ross.
Sheklton turned his eyes to the American North and began negotiations with the Canadian government about the organization of the expedition, which would examine the sea of \u200b\u200bBeaufort.
His proposal to send an oceanographic expedition to examine the coast of Antarctica in the African Square - from the Earth to the Enderbi land found support for the Lords of Admiralty. And on September 24, 1921, the expeditionary schooner "Quest" has already sailed from Plymouth to South. In the distant path with Sheklton, His old friends Wilde, Wastli, Macline and Mak-Ilra, Meteorologist Hussey.
January 4, 1922 "Quest" led an anchor in the Bay of Gritzhan at the familiar village of Kitoboev. Sheklton went ashore to see his old friends who took such a living participation in the rescue of the Expedition Expedition. In the evening, he returned to the vessel, lively, pleased with the fact that all the preparations ended and that in the morning you can go south. Before bedtime, Sheklton, as usual, sat down to write his diary. "With the onset of twilight, I saw a lonely, rising above the bay star, sparkling like a gem" - he wrote down the last phrase and went to bed ... And at 3:30 minutes for January 5, he died from an attack of chest toad.
With the consent of the widow, the deceased body of Sheklton was buried in Gritzhan, on the tip of the cape in the sea. And when the "Quest" on the way back from Antarctica again went to South Georgia, Shaklton's friends erected a monument to his grave - a cross, who crowned the top of the hill, folded from granite fragments.
Reprinted from the site
