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PRESENTATION ON THE TOPIC: “USA” Prepared by English teacher, Secondary School No. 5, Timashevsk Kopylova Antonina Romanovna, Timashevsk, 2015

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About the country The United States of America is a country in North America. Area - 9,518,900 km² (fourth largest in the world in terms of territory). Population - more than 309 million people (third place). The capital is the city of Washington. The United States borders Canada, Mexico, and Russia. Washed by the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean. Administrative division: 50 states and the Federal District of Columbia; a number of island territories are also subordinate to the United States. The United States was formed in 1776 by the unification of thirteen British colonies that declared their independence. Economy: Currently the largest in the world ($14.2 trillion). The United States has powerful armed forces, including the largest navy, has a permanent seat on the UN Security Council, and is a founding state of the North Atlantic Alliance. The United States has the second largest nuclear potential on Earth.

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Geography The main territory of the United States (called the continental states) is located on the North American continent and extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west. In the south the USA borders with Mexico, in the north with Canada. In addition, the United States includes 2 more states. In the extreme northwest of the continent is the state of Alaska, which also borders Canada. The state of Hawaii is located in the Pacific Ocean. The border with Russia passes through the Bering Strait. The United States also owns a number of islands in the Caribbean (for example, Puerto Rico) and in the Pacific Ocean (American Samoa, Midway, Guam, etc.). There are several large physiographic regions in the United States.

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Relief In the east, the Appalachian mountain system stretches along the Atlantic coast. To the west and south of it, the surface levels out, forming low-lying areas through which the largest rivers of the United States flow. Further to the west, the area changes into vast plains and prairies called the Great Plains, which precede the mountainous regions of the Cordillera. Mountain ranges occupy the entire western part of the country and end rather sharply towards the Pacific coast. Most of Alaska is occupied by the northern Cordillera ranges. The Hawaiian archipelago is a series of volcanic islands up to 4205 m high.

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Rivers and lakes Rivers flow from the territory of the United States into the basins of three oceans - the Pacific, Atlantic and Arctic. The main watershed (between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans) runs through the eastern part of the Cordillera, and only a small part of the territory of the northern states and Alaska belongs to the Arctic Ocean basin. The meeting point of the three watersheds is located at Triple Divide Peak. The provision of water resources in different parts of the country is uneven - the height of the annual runoff layer in the states of Washington and Oregon is 60-120 cm, and on the internal plateaus and plateaus up to 10 cm. Large lakes are located in the north of the country - the Great Lakes. Smaller, endorheic salt lakes are found in the depressions of the Great Basin. Inland water resources are widely used in industrial and municipal water supply, irrigation, hydropower and shipping. Most of the US river flow belongs to the Gulf of Mexico basin of the Atlantic Ocean. The largest river system is formed by the Mississippi River (length 3,757 km, annual flow 180 km³) and its countless tributaries, the largest of which are the Missouri (length 4,127 km), Arkansas (2,364 km) and Ohio (1,579 km).

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The Great Lakes are a system of freshwater lakes in North America, the United States and Canada. Includes a number of large and medium-sized reservoirs connected by rivers and straits. The area is about 245.2 thousand km², the volume of water is 22.7 thousand km³. The Great Lakes proper include the five largest: Superior, Huron, Michigan, Erie and Ontario. Several medium-sized lakes are associated with them. The lakes belong to the Atlantic Ocean basin. St. Lawrence River flow. Great Lakes

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Niagara Falls is the common name for three waterfalls on the Niagara River, separating the American state of New York from the Canadian province of Ontario. Niagara Falls are Horseshoe Falls, sometimes also called Canadian Falls, American Falls and Veil Falls. Although the difference in height is not very great, the falls are very wide, and in terms of the volume of water passing through it, Niagara Falls is the most powerful in North America. The height of the waterfalls is 53 meters. The foot of the American Falls is obscured by a pile of rocks, which is why its apparent height is only 21 meters. The width of the American Falls is 323 meters, the Horseshoe Falls is 792 meters. The volume of falling water reaches 5700 or more m³/s. Niagara Falls

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Climate Since the country is located over a large territory, almost all climatic zones are represented. Most of the United States is located in the temperate climate zone, to the south the subtropical climate prevails, Hawaii and the southern part of Florida lie in the tropical zone, and northern Alaska belongs to the polar regions. The Great Plains west of the 100th meridian are classified as semi-deserts, the Great Basin and the areas around it have an arid climate, and coastal areas of California have a Mediterranean climate. The type of climate within the boundaries of one zone can vary significantly depending on the topography, proximity to the ocean and other factors. The main component of the US climate is the high-altitude jet stream - powerful air currents that bring moisture from the north Pacific region. Moisture-laden winds from the Pacific Ocean actively irrigate the western coast of the United States. Frequent tornadoes are a well-known feature of the North American climate, with the United States surpassing any other country in the number of tornadoes. Hurricanes are common in the United States. The East Coast, the islands of Hawaii and especially the southern US states bordering the Gulf of Mexico are most susceptible to this disaster.

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Flora The slopes of the Cordillera are covered with dense coniferous forests, the Appalachians - with forests of broad-leaved species; There are almost no prairies left. Tundra vegetation is common in northern Alaska. Forests cover about 30% of the country's territory; Alaska's vegetation is predominantly tundra with mosses and lichens, but coniferous and mixed forests grow in the south of the state. In the north of the "continental" part of the USA, dense mixed forests grow: spruce, pine, oak, ash, birch, sycamore. Further south, the forests become smaller, but plants such as magnolia and rubber plants appear, and mangrove forests grow on the Gulf Coast. In the west of the country, semi-arid and arid regions begin with predominantly grass and desert vegetation. In such regions, the most common species are yucca, various shrubs, and in the Mojave Desert - “cactus forests.” In higher areas, pine and ponderosa grow. Chapparral is very common in California, as are numerous fruit trees (mostly citrus). The Sierra Nevada is home to giant sequoia forests. In the north of the east coast there are coniferous and mixed forests: spruce, cedar, pine, larch.

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Fauna The fauna is also represented according to climatic zones: in the north there are ground squirrels, bears, deer and elk, there are a lot of trout in the rivers, and walruses and seals on the coast of Alaska. The forests of the eastern United States are home to grizzly bear, deer, fox, wolf, skunk, badger, squirrel, and a large number of small birds. On the Gulf Coast you can find such exotic birds as the pelican, flamingo, and green kingfisher. Alligators and several types of poisonous snakes are also found here. The Great Plains was once home to tens of thousands of bison, but now there are very few of them left, mostly in national parks. In the mountainous regions of the western United States you can find such large animals as elk, deer, pronghorn, mountain goat, brown bear, wolf, and bighorn. Desert regions are inhabited primarily by reptiles (including the rattlesnake) and small mammals, such as the marsupial rat.

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Minerals The US subsoil is rich in reserves of various natural resources, including coal and brown coal, iron and manganese ore. The Cordillera, the Colorado Plateau, the Great Plains and the Mexican Lowland have deposits of copper, zinc, lead, silver, chromite, vanadium, tungsten, molybdenum, titanium, polymetallic, uranium, mercury ores, gold, sulfur, phosphates and other chemical raw materials.

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Government The US Constitution, adopted in 1787, defines the government powers delegated to the US federal government. Powers not defined by the federal government in the Constitution are exercised by the states of the United States. The US Constitution establishes the principle of separation of powers: the federal government consists of legislative, executive and judicial branches that act independently of each other. The highest legislative body is the bicameral US Congress: the lower house is the House of Representatives; the upper house is the Senate. The highest executive body is the President of the United States. The president is the head of state and commander-in-chief of the armed forces. There is a post of vice president. The highest body of the judiciary is the US Supreme Court. The main political parties are Republican and Democratic. There are many smaller batches.

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US Economy The largest economy in the world. Many natural resources, including energy and raw materials. High-tech production. Scientific research is developed. The service sector and competitive industry are well developed. Multinational companies such as Ford, General Motors and Exxon. Leading software manufacturer. Good higher education system, especially in the field of high technology. American firms prosper due to the widespread dissemination of American culture throughout the world. The world's largest exporter of goods. Political stability, qualified personnel. Recently, there has been a decline in the number of jobs in industrial production. Globalization, the drain of jobs to countries with cheap labor (in 1945, almost 50% of world production was in the USA; in the 1990s - 25%). Fierce technology competition with East Asian countries and the European Union. External debt exceeds US$14 trillion.

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Population Indian tribes settled in the United States about 10 thousand years ago, and their descendants remained the predominant ethnic component until the end of the 17th century. Modern residents are descendants of relatively recent (XVII-XX centuries) settlers from Europe (mainly Western) and Africa. It should be noted that only children of immigrants born in the United States receive the full right to be called Americans. The country maintains a clear division between foreigners and natives, between whom there is a significant cultural and linguistic distance. This difference, however, limits the internal division. Americans in the United States are a diverse, heterogeneous nation with a conflicting racial composition. The dominant race in all respects and regions (except for the state of Hawaii) is currently the Caucasian race - people from the United Kingdom, Germany, Ireland and other European countries. Then there are African Americans, Latin Americans, Asians, Indians and others, who account for over a third of the population.

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Languages ​​of the USA The most common native language in the USA is English. 215.4 million people out of 293 million Americans (73.5%) speak it as their native language. Spanish is the native language of 28 million US residents (10.7%). Followed by: French (1,606,790), Chinese (1,499,635), German (1,382,615), Turkish (about 1,172,615), Tagalog (1,224,240), Vietnamese (1,009,625), Italian (1,008 370) and Korean (894,065). The Russian language ranks 11th in terms of the number of native speakers in the United States - over 700 thousand (0.24%). The largest number of Russian speakers lives in the state of New York (218,765 people, or 30.98% of all Russian speakers), the smallest in the state of Wyoming (170 people, or 0.02%). The highest proportion of Russian speakers is in Alaska - about 3% understand the Russian language to one degree or another, and about 8.5% of residents profess Orthodoxy. This is a consequence of the former ownership of the territory of the state of Russia. In the state of Hawaii, English and Hawaiian are the official languages. Some island territories also provide official recognition to indigenous languages, along with English.

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Religion The First Amendment to the US Constitution, adopted on December 15, 1791, proclaims the separation of church and state, which the Founding Fathers understood as a prohibition on the establishment of a state religion, such as that which took place in Great Britain. According to a 2002 study by the Pew Global Attitudes Project, the United States is the only developed country where a majority of the population said religion plays a “very important role” in their lives. The American government does not keep official statistics on religion. According to the CIA World Fact Book for 2007, 51.3% of the US population consider themselves Protestant, 23.9% Catholic, 12.1% unaffiliated, 1.7% Mormon, 1.6% - members of another Christian denomination, 1.7% - Jews, 0.7% - Buddhists, 0.6% - Muslims, 2.5% - other or not specified, 4% - atheists.

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Administrative division The state consists of 50 states, which are equal federal subjects, the Metropolitan District of Columbia and dependent territories. Each state has its own constitution, legislative, executive and judicial powers. Most state names come from the names of Indian tribes and the names of the kings of England and France. States are divided into counties - smaller administrative units, smaller than a state and no smaller than a city. There are a total of 3,141 districts. The powers of county administrations and relationships with municipal authorities of localities located within their territories vary greatly from state to state. Local life in settlements is governed by municipalities. A special status has been established for unincorporated territories.

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Washington Many cities claimed the role of capital of the new state after the American Revolution. Therefore, in 1790, it was decided to build a new city in the Potomac River area. The capital was named Washington after the first president, George Washington. The first architect to plan and design the city was the Frenchman Pierre Lanfant. Washington has been the capital of the United States since 1800. Washington as a separate city was abolished as a result of administrative reform in 1873, so the capital of the United States is officially called the District of Columbia. According to the US Constitution and the Residence Law, the District of Columbia has a special status as the capital of a federal state. Area - 0.2 thousand km². Population: Within the federal district there are 602 thousand inhabitants (2010). With suburbs (in the states of Maryland and Virginia) - 5.4 million residents (2010).

MAOU" Secondary School No. 1"

• USA
• geography teacher
• Vorzhev
• Alexander Valerievich
• Permian
• 2015

• The United States of America is a country in North America.
• Area - 9,518,900 km² (fourth largest in the world in terms of territory).
• Population - more than 309 million people (third place).
• The capital is the city of Washington.
• The United States borders Canada, Mexico, and Russia.
• Washed by the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean.
• Administrative division: 50 states and the Federal District of Columbia; a number of island territories are also subordinate to the United States.
• The United States was formed in 1776 by the unification of thirteen British colonies that declared their independence.

• After the American Revolution, many cities laid claim to the role of capital of the new state. Therefore, in 1790, it was decided to build a new city in the Potomac River area. The capital was named Washington after the first president, George Washington. The first architect to plan and design the city was the Frenchman Pierre Lanfant.
• Washington has been the capital of the United States since 1800. Washington as a separate city was abolished as a result of administrative reform in 1873, so the capital of the United States is officially called the District of Columbia.
• According to the US Constitution and the Residence Law, the District of Columbia has a special status as the capital of a federal state.
• Area - 0.2 thousand km².
• Population: Within the federal district there are 602 thousand inhabitants (2010). With suburbs (in the states of Maryland and Virginia) - 5.4 million residents (2010).

• The state consists of 50 states, which are equal federal subjects, the Metropolitan District of Columbia and dependent territories. Each state has its own constitution, legislative, executive and judicial powers. Most state names come from the names of Indian tribes and the names of the kings of England and France.
• States are divided into counties - smaller administrative units, smaller than a state and no smaller than a city. There are a total of 3,141 districts. The powers of county administrations and relationships with municipal authorities of localities located within their territories vary greatly from state to state. Local life in settlements is governed by municipalities.
• A special status has been established for unincorporated territories.

• The US Constitution, adopted in 1787, defines the powers of government delegated to the US federal government. Powers not defined by the federal government in the Constitution are exercised by the states of the United States.
• The US Constitution establishes the principle of separation of powers:
• The federal government consists of legislative, executive, and judicial branches that operate independently of each other.
• The highest legislative body is the bicameral US Congress:
• lower house - House of Representatives; the upper house is the Senate.
• The highest executive body is the President of the United States. The president is the head of state and commander-in-chief of the armed forces. There is a post of vice president.
• The highest body of the judiciary is the US Supreme Court.
• The main political parties are the Republican and
• democratic.
• There are many smaller batches.

• The most common native language in the United States is English. 215.4 million people out of 293 million Americans (73.5%) speak it as their native language.
• Spanish is the native language of 28 million US residents (10.7%).
• Followed by: French (1,606,790), Chinese (1,499,635), German (1,382,615), Turkish (about 1,172,615), Tagalog (1,224,240), Vietnamese (1,009,625), Italian (1,008 370) and Korean (894,065).
• The Russian language ranks 11th in terms of the number of native speakers in the United States - over 700 thousand (0.24%). The largest number of Russian speakers lives in the state of New York (218,765 people, or 30.98% of all Russian speakers), the smallest in the state of Wyoming (170 people, or 0.02%).
• The highest proportion of Russian speakers is in Alaska - about 3% understand the Russian language to one degree or another, and about 8.5% of residents profess Orthodoxy. This is a consequence of the former ownership of the territory of the state of Russia.
• In the state of Hawaii, English and Hawaiian are the official languages. Some island territories also provide official recognition to indigenous languages, along with English.

• Indian tribes settled in the United States about 10 thousand years ago, and their descendants remained the predominant ethnic component until the end of the 17th century. Modern residents are descendants of relatively recent (XVII-XX centuries) settlers from Europe (mainly Western) and Africa. It should be noted that only children of immigrants born in the United States receive the full right to be called Americans. The country maintains a clear division between foreigners and natives, between whom there is a significant cultural and linguistic distance. This difference, however, limits the internal division. Americans in the United States are a diverse, heterogeneous nation with a conflicting racial composition. The dominant race in all respects and regions (except for the state of Hawaii) is currently the Caucasian race - people from the United Kingdom, Germany, Ireland and other European countries. Then there are African Americans, Latin Americans, Asians, Indians and others, who account for over a third of the population.

• The main territory of the United States (called continental states) is located on the North American continent and extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west.
• In the south the USA borders with Mexico, in the north with Canada.
• In addition, the United States includes 2 more states. In the extreme northwest of the continent is the state of Alaska, which also borders Canada. The state of Hawaii is located in the Pacific Ocean.
• The border with Russia passes through the Bering Strait. The United States also owns a number of islands in the Caribbean (for example, Puerto Rico) and in the Pacific Ocean (American Samoa, Midway, Guam, etc.).
• There are several large physiographic regions in the United States.

• In the east, the Appalachian mountain system stretches along the Atlantic coast. To the west and south of it, the surface levels out, forming low-lying areas through which the largest rivers of the United States flow. Further to the west, the area changes into vast plains and prairies called the Great Plains, which precede the mountainous regions of the Cordillera. Mountain ranges occupy the entire western part of the country and end rather sharply towards the Pacific coast. Most of Alaska is occupied by the northern Cordillera ranges.
• The Hawaiian archipelago is a series of volcanic islands up to 4205 m high.

• The flow of rivers from the territory of the United States is carried out into the basins of three oceans - the Pacific, Atlantic and Arctic.
• The main watershed (between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans) runs through the eastern part of the Cordillera, and only a small part of the territory of the northern states and Alaska belongs to the Arctic Ocean basin. The meeting point of the three watersheds is located at Triple Divide Peak.
• The provision of water resources in different parts of the country is uneven - the height of the annual runoff layer in the states of Washington and Oregon is 60-120 cm, and on the internal plateaus and plateaus up to 10 cm.
• Large lakes are located in the north of the country - the Great Lakes. Smaller, endorheic salt lakes are found in the depressions of the Great Basin. Inland water resources are widely used in industrial and municipal water supply, irrigation, hydropower and shipping.
• Most of the US river flow belongs to the Gulf of Mexico basin of the Atlantic Ocean. The largest river system is formed by the Mississippi River (length 3,757 km, annual flow 180 km³) and its countless tributaries, the largest of which are the Missouri (length 4,127 km), Arkansas (2,364 km) and Ohio (1,579 km).

• Since the country is located over a large territory, almost all climatic zones are represented.
• Most of the United States is located in the temperate climate zone, to the south the subtropical climate prevails, Hawaii and the southern part of Florida lie in the tropical zone, and northern Alaska belongs to the polar regions.
• The Great Plains west of the 100th meridian are classified as semi-deserts, the Great Basin and the areas around it have an arid climate, and coastal areas of California have a Mediterranean climate. The type of climate within the boundaries of one zone can vary significantly depending on the topography, proximity to the ocean and other factors.
• The main component of the US climate is the high-altitude jet stream - powerful air currents that bring moisture from the north Pacific region. Moisture-laden winds from the Pacific Ocean actively irrigate the western coast of the United States.
• Frequent tornadoes are a well-known feature of the North American climate, with the United States surpassing any other country in the number of tornadoes.
• Hurricanes are common in the United States. The East Coast, the islands of Hawaii and especially the southern US states bordering the Gulf of Mexico are most susceptible to this disaster.

• The slopes of the Cordillera are covered with dense coniferous forests, the Appalachians - with forests of broad-leaved species; There are almost no prairies left. Tundra vegetation is common in northern Alaska.
• Forests cover about 30% of the country's territory; Alaska's vegetation is predominantly tundra with mosses and lichens, but coniferous and mixed forests grow in the south of the state. In the north of the "continental" part of the USA, dense mixed forests grow: spruce, pine, oak, ash, birch, sycamore. Further south, the forests become smaller, but plants such as magnolia and rubber plants appear, and mangrove forests grow on the Gulf Coast. In the west of the country, semi-arid and arid regions begin with predominantly grass and desert vegetation. In such regions, the most common species are yucca, various shrubs, and in the Mojave Desert - “cactus forests.” In higher areas, pine and ponderosa grow. Chapparral is very common in California, as are numerous fruit trees (mostly citrus). The Sierra Nevada is home to giant sequoia forests. In the north of the east coast there are coniferous and mixed forests: spruce, cedar, pine, larch.

• The fauna is also represented according to climatic zones: in the north there are ground squirrels, bears, deer and elk, there are a lot of trout in the rivers, and walruses and seals on the Alaskan coast. The forests of the eastern United States are home to grizzly bear, deer, fox, wolf, skunk, badger, squirrel, and a large number of small birds. On the Gulf Coast you can find such exotic birds as the pelican, flamingo, and green kingfisher. Alligators and several types of poisonous snakes are also found here. The Great Plains was once home to tens of thousands of bison, but now there are very few of them left, mostly in national parks. In the mountainous regions of the western United States you can find such large animals as elk, deer, pronghorn, mountain goat, brown bear, wolf, and bighorn. Desert regions are inhabited primarily by reptiles (including the rattlesnake) and small mammals, such as the marsupial rat.

• The US subsoil is rich in reserves of various natural resources, including hard and brown coal, iron and manganese ore.
• The Cordillera, the Colorado Plateau, the Great Plains and the Mexican Lowland have deposits of copper, zinc, lead, silver, chromite, vanadium, tungsten, molybdenum, titanium, polymetallic, uranium, mercury ores, gold, sulfur, phosphates and other chemical raw materials.

• The world's largest economy. Many natural resources, including energy and raw materials. High-tech production. Scientific research is developed. The service sector and competitive industry are well developed. Multinational companies such as Ford, General Motors and Exxon. Leading software manufacturer. Good higher education system, especially in the field of high technology. American firms prosper due to the widespread dissemination of American culture throughout the world. The world's largest exporter of goods. Political stability, qualified personnel.
• Recently, there has been a decline in the number of jobs in industrial production. Globalization, the drain of jobs to countries with cheap labor (in 1945, almost 50% of world production was in the USA; in the 1990s - 25%). Fierce technology competition with East Asian countries and the European Union.
• External debt exceeds US$14 trillion.

• The First Amendment to the US Constitution, adopted on December 15, 1791, proclaims the separation of church and state, which the Founding Fathers understood as a prohibition on the establishment of a state religion, such as that which took place in Great Britain. According to a study conducted in 2002 Pew Global Attitudes Project The United States is the only developed country where a majority of the population said religion plays a “very important role” in their lives.
• The American government does not keep official statistics on religion. According to the CIA World Fact Book for 2007, 51.3% of the US population consider themselves Protestant, 23.9% Catholic, 12.1% unaffiliated, 1.7% Mormon, 1.6% - members of another Christian denomination, 1.7% - Jews, 0.7% - Buddhists, 0.6% - Muslims, 2.5% - other or not specified, 4% - atheists.