Prominent Canadian physiologist and neuropsychologist. In the field of neuroinformatics, he is known for his work that led to an understanding of the influence of neurons on the learning process. He is rightfully considered one of the founders of the theory of artificial neural networks. Hebb proposed one of the first working algorithms for learning them.

In the field of artificial intelligence, Hamming artificial neural networks are named after him, which are used to classify images. In them, as well as in many other directions, for example, in evolutionary modeling, the concept of Hamming distance is used.

Richard Hamming is an award-winning and award-winning recipient. In his honor, a special medal was established, which is awarded to scientists who have made a significant contribution to information theory.

He made major contributions to a number of areas, including mathematics (foundations of mathematics, functional analysis, geometry, topology of mathematical analysis), physics (quantum mechanics, fluid dynamics and quantum statistical mechanics), economics (game theory), computational (von Neumann architecture, linear programming, self-replicating machines, stochastic computing), and statistics.

Von Neumann was one of the founders of computing. Donald Knuth calls von Neumann the inventor who, in 1945, developed a merge sort algorithm, in which the first and second halves of an array are sorted recursively and then merged. Von Neumann wrote a sorting program for EDVAK, in ink on 23 pages. On the first page, you can see traces of the phrase "Top Secret", which was written in pencil and later erased. He also worked on the philosophy of artificial intelligence with Alan Turing during a visit to Princeton in the 1930s.

Norbert Wiener invented cybernetics, inspiring a generation of scientists to use computer technology as a means of human empowerment.

Wiener's visions of cybernetics had a powerful influence on later generations of scientists, and inspired their research to expand human capabilities with the interfaces of complex electronics.

In 1964, Norbert Wiener received the US National Medal of Science. In the same year, he published one of his last books, God and the Golem.

English scientist, mathematician, logician, cryptographer and theoretical biologist. He was very influential in the development of theoretical computer science, providing a formalization of the concept of algorithm and computation on a Turing machine, which can be considered a general-purpose computer model. Turing is considered the father of theoretical computer science and artificial intelligence.

He made contributions to the theory of automata. He and his followers successfully applied this theory to increase the production of computers. His book on this topic, "Synthesis of Digital Automata", became widely known. For this work, he was awarded the Lenin Prize in 1964 and was elected a member of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

It significantly influenced many other areas of theoretical computer science (including programming theory and artificial intelligence), as well as its application in the USSR. He published about 800 publications.

Soviet specialist in the field of new methods of managing complex systems, creating computers of new architecture and problems of artificial intelligence. Professor, Doctor of Technical Sciences.

Soviet scientist known as a pioneer in programming systems and programming language research.

Donald Knuth considers him the inventor of the hashing idea. He also created one of the first algorithms for composing arithmetic expressions.

He was responsible for the alpha and rapier languages, stork-0, the first Soviet timesharing system (SRV), electronic publishing systems Rubin, and marble, on a multiprocessor workstation. He was also the initiator of the creation of the computer bank Russian Language (Machine Fund of the Russian Language), a Soviet project for the creation of a large representative of the Russian corpus, a project in the 1980s comparable to the English bank and the British national corpus. The National Corpus of the Russian Language, created by the Russian Academy of Sciences in the 2000s, is the legal successor of the Ershov project.

Soviet mathematician and pioneer of computer science. One of the founders of cybernetics. Lyapunov was a member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences and an expert in the field of real theory of functions, mathematical problems of cybernetics, set theory, programming theory, mathematical linguistics and mathematical biology.

American mathematician, electrical engineer, and cryptographer known as the "father of information theory."

Shannon is best known for writing the foundations of information theory, Mathematical Communication Theory, which he published in 1948. At the age of 21, being a master's degree at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), he wrote a dissertation, arguing that the electrical application of Boolean algebra can build any logical, numerical relationship. Shannon made major contributions to the field of cryptanalysis for national defense during World War II, including his major works on codebreaking and telecommunications reliability.

Presentation on the topic: Outstanding scientists who have made a significant contribution to the development and formation of informatics

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Presentation on the topic: Outstanding scientists who have made a significant contribution to the development and formation of computer science

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Informatics is the science of the general properties and patterns of information, as well as the methods of its search, transmission, storage, processing and use in various spheres of human activity. Informatics is the science of the general properties and patterns of information, as well as the methods of its search, transmission, storage, processing and use in various spheres of human activity.

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The first computing device developed by Babbage was called the "difference engine" because the calculations relied on a well-developed finite difference method. The first computing device developed by Babbage was called the "difference engine" because the calculations relied on a well-developed finite difference method.

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Unfortunately, Charles Babbage did not get to see most of his revolutionary ideas come true. The work of a scientist has always been accompanied by several very serious problems. Until the early 1990s, the generally accepted opinion was that the ideas of Charles Babbage were too ahead of the technical capabilities of his time, and therefore the designed computers, in principle, could not be built in that era. Unfortunately, Charles Babbage did not get to see most of his revolutionary ideas come true. The work of a scientist has always been accompanied by several very serious problems. Until the early 1990s, the generally accepted opinion was that the ideas of Charles Babbage were too ahead of the technical capabilities of his time, and therefore the designed computers, in principle, could not be built in that era.

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Hermann's parents were from Germany, in 1848 they left their homeland. The boy was born on February 29, 1860. Nothing is known about Herman's infancy (a family matter). He went to school with obvious reluctance and had a reputation among teachers as a gifted child, but badly educated and lazy. Hermann's parents were from Germany, in 1848 they left their homeland. The boy was born on February 29, 1860. Nothing is known about Herman's infancy (a family matter). He went to school with obvious reluctance and had a reputation among teachers as a gifted child, but badly educated and lazy. When Herman was 14 years old, he left the walls of the municipal secondary educational institution forever. The young man graduated with honors from college and entered the service at Columbia University, in the department of mathematics of the famous Professor Trowbridge.

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In 1880, the idea of ​​mechanizing the labor of scribes was born using a machine similar to a jacquard loom. In fact, this was the first time that the idea itself was expressed by Hollerith's colleague, Dr. of Science, John Shaw. In 1880, the idea of ​​mechanizing the labor of scribes was born using a machine similar to a jacquard loom. In fact, this was the first time that the idea itself was expressed by Hollerith's colleague, Dr. of Science, John Shaw.

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In 1882, Hollerith took a job teaching applied mechanics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Soon, a clumsy monster settled in the laboratory, collected mainly from scrap metal found in university garbage dumps. In 1882, Hollerith took a job teaching applied mechanics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Soon, a clumsy monster settled in the laboratory, collected mainly from scrap metal found in university garbage dumps. But soon Hollerith became disillusioned with the tape, as it quickly wore out and torn. Therefore, in the end, Hollerith chose punched cards as information carriers. A hundred years later, computer scientists again found the idea of ​​reading information from tape more promising.

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The authorities recommended Hollerith's invention for a competition among the systems considered as basic for the mechanization of the labor of census takers during the upcoming census in 1890. Hollerith's machine had no equal, and so the industrial design of the punch-card tabulator was hastily organized at the Pratt and Whitney Design Bureau. The authorities recommended Hollerith's invention for a competition among the systems considered as basic for the mechanization of the labor of census takers during the upcoming census in 1890. Hollerith's machine had no equal, and so the industrial design of the punch-card tabulator was hastily organized at the Pratt and Whitney Design Bureau. Stellar period in the life of Hermann

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http://computer-museum.ru/galglory/27.htm http://computer-museum.ru/galglory/27.htm http://www.lenta.ru/lib/14190676 http: //www.thg .ru / technews / 20090630_112001.html Encyclopedia for children Avanta +, volume 22 Informatics, Moscow, Avanta +, 2003 D.М. Zlatopolsky "Informatics in faces", Moscow, Chistye prudy, 2005. Newspaper "Informatika" No. 12 2006

Igor Andreevich Poletaev (1915 - 1983)

The fame and recognition of Poletaev's activities was brought in many ways by his activities to popularize cybernetics in the 50s. By that time, a fairly strong group of young and outstanding scientists who were engaged in this science had formed. Instead of ranks and positions, they shared risk and cost, but went about their business with unheard of selfless devotion.

In 1958 Poletaev's book "Signal" was published, which could be considered an introduction to the basic concepts of cybernetics. The book contained a concentrated processing of the main provisions and applications of this then young science. At the same time, the author of the book had to solve problems related to the direct application of cybernetics in military affairs.

One of the first military cybernetic tasks was the use of computers that appeared then for an air defense system: linear programming to serve a mass of "clients" in airspace. However, later, having received an order to write the book "Military Cybernetics", Poletaev refused it, motivating him as follows: "What can be written is not interesting, but what is needed is not." At this time, he is already beginning to move away from purely technical and applied problems, his interests are shifting to the field of research on large-scale systems, economic systems, systems of control and management. He retained an interest in modeling complex systems until the last years of his scientific activity.

Intriguing results were obtained on quite elementary and low-power computers from the point of view of today. The economic model included not only resources and activities for their processing, but also the price of the products obtained, without providing for restrictions and regulation of this parameter. Being "launched" in a computer, the model, after several cycles of productive activity ... switched to the naked resale of products within itself. The delight of the authors of the experiment was great, but the corresponding experience for the edification of the next generations remained unclaimed.

The largest initiative, in which Poletaev was actively involved in 1959-1961, was an attempt to create large computers for dual use: for managing the economy in peacetime and managing the army in case of war. The authors of the project hoped that as a result of its implementation, the economy would become truly planned in a reasonable way, and computer technology in the country would receive the right impetus for development, and the army would eventually meet the requirements and tasks of the moment. The project stumbled over the Main Political Directorate of the Army. The general, who examined the document, asked a question that was quite reasonable from his point of view: "And where is the leading role of the party here, in your car?" The latter, one must think, was not algorithmized in the project. And the project was swept away.

In 1961 Poletaev received a job offer at the Novosibirsk Institute of Mathematics of the Siberian Branch of the Academy of Sciences. Having moved to Novosibirsk, he began to work with great enthusiasm on various problems in the field of cybernetics. Such were the problems of recognition, and a rigorous analysis of the subject of cybernetics and its basic concepts (information, model, etc.), and the modeling of economic systems and physiological processes.

Many of the ideas expressed by Poletaev in his books, lectures, scientific disputes remain relevant to this day.

Blaise Pascal- French religious thinker, mathematician and physicist, one of the greatest minds of the 17th century. Born in Clermont-Ferrand (province of Auvergne) on June 19, 1623. Pascal's mother died when the boy was only three years old. His father Etienne, the chosen royal councilor, expert in mathematics and astronomy, moved to Paris with his children in 1631. After leaving the service, he devoted himself to the education of Blaise and his two sisters. Etienne kept Blaise from studying mathematics, believing that the study of such a complex science should begin at the age of 15-16. However, the boy's gift demanded manifestation, and at the age of 12 he independently, using his own dictionary and diagrams, which he drew in the room for games, came to some geometric conclusions and tried (not being familiar with the Principles) to construct a proof of the 32nd theorem of the first book of Euclid: the sum of the angles of a triangle is equal to the sum of two right angles. After that, his father allowed him to read Euclid and took him to the meetings of the scientific circle that was gathering at Mersenne's. The boy developed extremely quickly and soon discussed scientific problems on an equal footing with major scientists of his time. At the age of 16, he wrote a wonderful Experience on Conic Sections, containing a theorem (now called Pascal's theorem), according to which in every hexagon inscribed in an ellipse, hyperbola or parabola, the intersection points of three pairs of opposite sides lie on one straight line. Later, to make it easier for his father to make laborious financial calculations, Blaise came up with a machine that could add and subtract, as well as transfer numbers to the next digits and calculate total amounts. Having constructed about 50 samples of an arithmetic machine in a few years, Blaise in 1649 received the royal privilege for his invention - the "Pascal wheel". The machine in its final form was housed in a small oblong box and was easy to operate.

Leibniz was born on July 1, 1646 - two years before the conclusion of the Peace of Westphalia, which ended the Thirty Years' War. At the age of seven, he lost his father, a professor of ethics at the University of Leipzig, for eight years he independently studied Greek and Latin, and at fifteen he graduated from high school. Leibniz received his higher education at the universities of Leipzig, where he studied philosophy and law, and Jena, where he attended lectures on mathematics. In 1664 he defended his master's thesis in philosophy, and in the next two years received his bachelor's and doctor's degrees in law. From that time until his death (November 13, 1717), he was in the service first of the Mainz Elector, and then of the Duke of Hanover. Fulfilling their instructions, Leibniz becomes a diplomat, a statesman, an archivist and a historian, deals with issues of public education and church affairs, improves mining and coinage ... and finds time for chemical experiments, medicine; invents various devices, puts forward valuable ideas in geology, psychology, linguistics. But no matter how great was Leibniz's contribution to these areas of human knowledge, he cannot be compared with his merits of a philosopher, physicist, mechanic, and especially a mathematician, one of the creators of differential and integral calculus. Leibniz's contemporaries were struck by his fantastic erudition, almost supernatural memory and amazing performance.

In computer science, he is known for his attempts to create lingua generalis - a universal language that would allow replacing all logical reasoning with calculus, carried out, like algebraic, over words and symbols of this language, uniquely reflecting concepts. The calculating machine, on which Leibniz began to work in the 70s, represented a step towards the search for a "universal language". The first description of the "arithmetic instrument" was made by Leibniz in 1670. Leibniz claimed that a new arithmetic tool was invented by him with the aim of mechanically performing all arithmetic operations reliably and quickly, especially multiplication.

Each of us uses the power of computers and the Internet. But few people think about those great computer scientists and programmers who gave us the opportunity to use modern computing technology, communicate via Internet networks, and also work and relax using computer programs. In this collection, we will tell you about great personalities whose contribution to the development of computers and information technology should not be underestimated.

Wilhelm Schickard (1592-1635)

Do not be surprised to see the dates of birth and death of this scientist. Indeed, the question may arise, what relation he could have to such areas of science as computer science and programming, in those years. However, there is a reason that makes him one of the most famous and great computer scientists and programmers in the world.

The thing is that he became the inventor of the world's first mechanical device that performed calculations. It was a six-digit prototype of a modern calculator that had the ability to add and subtract whole numbers. Shikkard's mechanism consisted of the actual summing and subtracting mechanical components that worked by means of gears, an auxiliary wheel for moving numeric blocks and windows for displaying and storing information.

All the technology that we use is built on computing, and the first who was able to mechanize the computing process was Wilhelm Schickard.

Ada Lovelace (1815-1852)

When talking about great programmers, we shouldn't forget about the British mathematician Ada Lovelace. She can rightfully be considered Byron's only daughter possessed an amazing intellect, which was far ahead of her time.

Since childhood, showing an interest in mathematics, she devoted her life to understanding the structure of Babbage's computing apparatus, including developing several options for improving this machine.

Unfortunately, Ada Lovelace's merits were only recognized decades after her death, but her contribution to science is so great that she definitely deserves to be considered a great programmer.

Charles Babbage (1791-1871)

An honorable place in our selection is occupied by an English scientist It was he who at the beginning of the 19th century (and more specifically in 1833) became the creator of a unique prototype of an electronic computer. Having devoted a considerable part of his life to the creation of a mechanical calculation system, he came up with the idea of ​​creating an analytical device capable of performing various specified calculations through programming.

It is curious that the project included the main components that have been preserved in modern ones, they are memory and a mechanical "brain" responsible for calculations.

Unfortunately, during the life of Babbage, the creation of a computing apparatus did not receive proper development, since the general level of technological development of society did not correspond to such an invention - it will be appreciated much later. Now he can be proudly ranked among the ranks of the world's great programmers. Babbage's developments became fundamental when the world became ready for the creation of computers.

Alan Turing (1912-1954)

Among those who can be called great programmers, the place of honor is occupied by Alan Turing - the British scientist who developed the prototype of the computing machine and the first person to be called a hacker.

During World War II, Turing was offered cooperation with the military, during which he worked on breaking the algorithms of the German Enigma encryption machine, which encoded signals for the fleet and air forces. About six months later, Turing was able to decipher the Enigma codes - this was undoubtedly a success that allowed the British army to gain a significant advantage over the enemy.

After the war, Turing received a well-deserved award and began work on the first computer. He created the first chess program, but it could not work for the reason that the computer that could support it did not yet exist.

Bjorn Stroustrup (born 1950)

One can argue for a long time about who should be considered the greatest programmer, but there are outstanding personalities whose achievements are familiar to everyone. Almost everyone is familiar with a programming language like C ++. It contains a huge variety of programs used in various fields of activity.

The creator of this language is the Danish programmer Bjorn Stroustrup. He was the first to implement C ++ in the 1980s.

Stroustrup is one of the pioneers of object-oriented programming and is currently a member of the ANSI / ISO C ++ standard revision and development team. His books have been translated into dozens of languages, and in 2004 Bjorn Stroustrup was elected to the National Academy of Engineering.

Tim Bernes-Lee (born 1955)

British scientist Tim Bernes-Lee can be ranked among the ranks of the great programmers as the creator of the World Wide Web, the inventor of the Internet.

It is he who can be considered the ancestor of the web markup language HTML, the URL and HTTP protocols. He is the head and founder of the World Wide Web Consortium. It is an organization that creates and revises standards for how the Internet works.

(born 1969)

The Finnish-born programmer and developer, Linus Torvalds, became world famous after creating the open source Linux operating system.

Initially, the project of creating your own operating system did not go beyond the scope of passion, but after Torvalds released the source code of the future Linux OS to the public, she gained a huge number of admirers. It happened in 1991.

Now there are a large number of modifications and distributions of this system, both ordinary users and large corporations work with it, and most programmers and IT developers recognize Linux as the optimal operating system for performing their tasks.

In 2004, Linus Torvalds was named one of The Times' Most Influential People.

(born 1953)

Richard Stallman's ideology has greatly influenced the modern IT community. He is considered to be the pioneer of the free software movement and the author of the GNU Project.

He advocates for the idea that software should have in order to give the user the freedom to use, recycle, exchange and modify software.

Stallman is categorical in his beliefs and does not use commercial software in principle and is ready to fundamentally abandon such conveniences as a mobile phone due to the restrictions they impose on the user.

Finally

Among great people, programmers and computer scientists occupy one of the most significant places, because it is difficult to deny the fact that the future of all mankind is behind information technologies and their development.

We tried to highlight the most significant figures in the field of IT and in the history of computer science, but their list is incomparably larger - in each area of ​​the computer industry, there are many outstanding personalities. Many scientists have made contributions to informatics, starting from the time when the existence of computers and computers was not even discussed to the present.