Park Catherine's Hospital. Panorama Novo-Catherine Hospital
Novo-Ekaterininskaya hospital (The Gagarins' estate) - Building No. 15/29 at the corner of Petrovka Street and Strastnoy Boulevard in Moscow. Initially, it was the estate of the Gagarin princes, in 1802-1812 it housed the English Club, since 1833 - the Novo-Catherine Hospital, which in 1945 was reorganized into the city clinical hospital No. 24, it occupied the house until 2009. Currently, the estate is part of the complex of buildings of the Moscow City Duma.
Location
History
Building until the 19th century
The estate was built in 1774-1776 for Prince Sergei Gagarin by the project of the architect Matvey Kazakov. In the 1786-1790s, the owner of the house is Sergei Sergeevich Gagarin, after him the house passed to his sons - Nikolai and Sergei. Between 1802 and 1812, the estate was leased to the English Club. In 1806, a dinner was held in the estate in honor of Prince Peter Bagration after the victory at Shengraben. According to the recollections of his contemporaries, the picture of that evening was restored by the writer Leo Tolstoy in his novel War and Peace. After the capture of Moscow by the French, the estate was occupied by the headquarters of the chief intendant of the Napoleonic army. Among the commissary officers was the famous French writer Henri Bayle (Stendhal), who noted that they did not have a single club in their homeland that could compare with the English club in Moscow. After the French left Moscow, the house was badly burnt out in a fire. Since 1828, the Gagarins no longer owned the estate
Hospital arrangement
The building has been empty since 1812, in 1828 it was bought by the military governor-general of Moscow Dmitry Golitsyn for 45 thousand rubles to set up a hospital in it. For this purpose, the architect Osip Bove was invited. He restored the estate, and also built several additional buildings and the Alexander Nevsky Church (building No. 9; was rebuilt in 1872-1876 by the project of the architect Alexander Nikiforov). Instead of a ceremonial suite, operating rooms and wards for the sick were arranged in the new project, the arches on the basement floor were replaced with horizontal lintels imitating castle stones, and a spectacular frieze was made as a decoration. In 1833, by decree of Nicholas I, the building housed the New Catherine Hospital, which provided free treatment even for the lower classes. In 1846, one of the first in Russia, hospital clinics were established in the hospital - a surgical clinic with a urological department and a therapeutic one.
In 1876, the hospital received the status of the Imperial. Until 1884, the reception of patients was carried out only by doctors on duty, who changed daily. Since 1884, specially designated residents have taken up the appointment, including the therapist Vasily Shervinsky, neuropathologists Vladimir Muratov and Grigory Rossolimo.
The names of prominent Russian physicians who worked there in different years... Surgeons Alexander Bobrov, Sergei Fedorov, Pyotr Herzen, Alexei Matynov, Fedor Inozemtsev, therapists Nikolai Semashko, Zakharyin Grigory, Roman Luria, neuropathologists Alexei Kozhevnikov, Sergei Korsakov, Grigory Rossolimo. In 1879, the hospital began its teaching activities Alexey Ostroumov (1844-1908). Among the medical students who were practicing at the Novo-Ekaterininskaya hospital was Anton Chekhov.
The Novo-Ekaterininskaya hospital, which was financed from the treasury, worked as well after the revolution. In 1930, the hospital became the clinical base of the established Faculty of Sanitation and Hygiene.
Clinical Hospital No. 24
After the war, the hospital received the status of the city clinical hospital No. 24. In 1978, three hospitals of the Sverdlovsk district health department (No. 24, No. 28, No. 9) were merged into one institution, they were allocated building No. 10 on Pistsovaya Street. On Strastnoy Boulevard the surgical coloproctological services of the hospital, diagnostic departments, an advisory department and a department for the rehabilitation of ostomy patients, administrative and economic departments of the hospital remained.
Commissioned in 2009 new building on Pistsovaya Street, the hospital departments that remained on Strastnoy Boulevard moved into it. After the move, the manor building was not used in any way.
Modernity
Building restoration
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In 2008, a project was prepared for the restoration of the building of the Novo-Catherine Hospital, developed by the architectural studio of Stanislav Maltsev as part of the implementation of the order of the Moscow Government dated October 10, No. 2363-RP “On the location of the main wedding palace of Moscow in the building at the address: Strastnoy Boulevard, 15 / 29, p. 1 (Central administrative district of the city of Moscow) ". The project was approved by the Moscow City Heritage Site in December 2010. However, this project was abandoned due to high cost(5 billion rubles) and parking problems.
In 2012, the building was transferred to the State Unitary Enterprise "Moscow Property", by his order workshop No. 13 "Mosproekt-2 named after MV Posokhina ”developed a new draft restoration project: it provided for changing the facades of the building. In the same year, work began on the restoration of the estate. The general contractor agreement was concluded with FSUE Atex and is carried out by the subcontractor Stroykomplekt LLC under the supervision of Mosproekt-2 im. M. V. Posokhin ". The cost of the work was estimated at 3.1 billion rubles.
December 19, 2012 working group The Moscow Government Commission on Urban Planning Activities in the Protection Zones of Cultural Heritage Sites considered the demolition of three buildings (buildings 3, 4, 8), which were part of the Novo-Ekaterininskaya hospital complex. On December 26, a meeting of the commission took place, on the evening of December 31, construction equipment was brought to the territory of the former hospital, and on January 1, 2013, the buildings were completely demolished.
In June 2013, the Maltseva Architectural Workshop and the Arhnadzor movement filed a lawsuit with the Moscow Arbitration Court demanding that the demolition of the buildings be declared illegal. Maltsev referred to the decree of the Moscow government No. 907 prohibiting any construction within the boundaries of the protected zone of the monument. The claim was dismissed. In August of the same year, Maltsev filed a second claim, which concerned copyright for the restoration project. He claimed that his workshop had developed the initial project for the restoration of the Novo-Ekaterininskaya Hospital, but the project was transferred to the Mosproekt-2 State Unitary Enterprise without their consent and in violation of copyright. In July 2015, the Moscow Arbitration Court recognized the exclusive rights to the restoration project for the Maltsev Architectural Workshop, and in October this decision was confirmed by the 9th Arbitration Court of Appeal.
In 2015, the restoration was completed, which took place on an area of 11 thousand square meters. Inside the building, 90% of the ceilings were replaced, the brick walls and vaults were restored (it took 1 million special bricks), the sandstone floors of the lobby, as well as the historic parquet flooring, were recreated. On the basis of the preserved fragment of the cast-iron step, the restorers have reproduced the appearance of the main staircase. In the home church, wooden walls and arches were restored, the architectural and planning structure was restored, the painting on the subject of "The Ascension of Christ" was cleared and supplemented. A small fragment of marble was used to recreate the colonnade. On the basis of archival data and surviving fragments of the decoration in the meeting room, specialists restored the original parquet flooring and stucco decoration on the ceiling. Historical wall painting in oil painting technique was recreated from a small fragment that was discovered during the restoration. During the restoration, fragments of the facade wall of the building of the turn of the 17th-18th centuries were revealed, which had been hidden for more than 250 years. They are unique evidence of the architecture of the first stone buildings built in Moscow after the death of Peter the Great.
Archaeological finds
From 2013 to 2015, archaeologists worked on the territory of the former hospital, they discovered more than 5,000 valuable items: ceramic dishes, jewelry, a collection of objects from carved bones, a numismatic collection, including coins of the Holy Roman Empire and antiques state awards Western Europe... In addition, ceramic toys were discovered, for example, for the first time, children's toy pistols of the 19th century were found. An important find on the territory was the decree of Emperor Nicholas I on the establishment of a hospital in the building of the estate, as well as the plan of 1828, according to which at that time the building was built and the park was laid out. Also during the excavation, scientists came across garnet stones from mines located in the north-west of Russia, the total weight of the stones was 2.5 kg.
Entrance of the Moscow City Duma
In November 2015, the Moscow City Duma moved from the complex of buildings on Petrovka to a new building on the territory of the Novo-Catherine Hospital.
On April 24, 2017, a park was opened near the complex of buildings of the Moscow City Duma, which can be visited by everyone on weekends and holidays. You can see the architectural complex from the inside only as part of organized excursion groups. As of 2019, this facility, together with the adjacent buildings and the park, is called the “Moscow Parliamentary Center”.
Architecture
Old building
New building
The project of the new building, which houses the Moscow City Duma, was developed by the Speech bureau. The authors of the project were Mikhail Posokhin and Sergey Tchoban. The building area was 2,212 m2.
The facade of the building is decorated with pseudo-columns and a portico, which are consonant with the front view of the old mansion. The building itself has a rectangular plan, thanks to which it was possible to organize the layout of the internal premises as efficiently as possible. The meeting room is 363 m², the voting room is 24 m² and the recreation room is 40 m². The office of the chairman of the council is 176 m² and includes a meeting room, a reception room and a rest room. Each of the four deputies also has an office with the same set of premises, but with total area 81 m² each. Each of the 45 deputies is provided with an office with an area of 30 m².
see also
Notes (edit)
- Fourth channel - news Archived February 20, 2015.
- Evgeny Osipov. The historic building of the Catherine Hospital will be restored (unspecified) (February 21, 2014). Date of treatment August 11, 2017.
- Novo-Ekaterininskaya hospital (unspecified) (2017). Date of treatment August 11, 2017.
- N. Korostelev. NOVO-EKATERININSKAYA (unspecified) ... Moscow Journal (December 2002). Date of treatment August 11, 2017.
- Social activists offered a number of options for placing the depository of the Moscow Kremlin Museums (unspecified) (October 6, 2010). Date of treatment August 11, 2017.
- Social activists suggested alternatives for placing the depository of the Moscow Kremlin Museum (unspecified) (October 11, 2010). Date of treatment August 11, 2017.
- The historic quarter: from the past to the future (unspecified) (2004). Date of treatment August 11, 2017.
- Moscow City Duma. Official site. "Participants of excursions around the Moscow Parliamentary Center, held as part of the Days of Historical and Cultural Heritage, learned about the past and present of the Gagarin Estate" 06.05.2019
- Natalia Demidyuk. "Arhnadzor" demands to restore the wings of the Novo-Catherine hospital (unspecified) (January 15, 2013). Date of treatment August 11, 2017.
- The Mayor of Moscow examined the results of the reconstruction of the Gagarin estate on Strastnoy Boulevard (unspecified) (February 20, 2015). Date of treatment August 11, 2017.
- What does the Moscow City Duma look like, which has occupied the Novo-Catherine hospital (unspecified) (April 6, 2017). Date of treatment August 11, 2017.
- Novo-Ekaterininskaya hospital (unspecified) (2016). Date of treatment August 11, 2017.
In 2015, without a noisy housewarming party, the Moscow City Duma moved from Petrovka, 22, to the territory of the former Gagarins estate on Strastnoy Boulevard. The old building was transferred to the department of Yuri Chaika - the Prosecutor General's Office occupies quite a lot of real estate in the area of Petrovka and Bolshaya Dmitrovka. And the apparatus of the Moscow Duma, together with the Public Chamber of the city, now works on the territory of the estate, where the Novo-Ekaterininskaya hospital was located for almost 200 years - from 1833 to 2009.
It was restored, cleared, old fences reinforced and new ones installed. Right there, in the protected area of the monument, a new building was erected for meetings and public discussions, which is actually prohibited by law - and what Arhnadzor was about in 2013. The building was designed by the Speech bureau, founded by Sergei Tchoban and Sergei Kuznetsov, the current chief architect of Moscow. The planning of the entire complex was carried out by Mosproekt-2, the office of Posokhin-son named after Posokhin-father, the chief architect of Moscow in the 1960s-1980s.
What is the complex of the Moscow City Duma: visualization of "Mosproekt-2"
The central building of the Gagarins estate
The family of Sergei Gagarin (1713-1782) - an official, economist, manager of Catherine's estates near Moscow - occupied the building until 1802. Before the war of 1812, the palace was occupied by the English Club (Gagarin was among its co-founders). And in the late 1820s, under the leadership of Osip Bove, it was reconstructed into a hospital - Novo-Ekaterininskaya.
Temple in the name of Prince Alexander Nevsky
Until 2009 it was used as a locksmith's shop, boiler room and warehouse. Now it is a functioning church: “I invite all the deputies and employees to the Alexander Nevsky Church,” writes its chairman Andrei Shaposhnikov on the Duma website. “I congratulate you on the feast day and hope that every day there will be more and more parishioners.”
New Meeting Building from Speech Bureau
Area - 17 thousand sq. m. Inside there are meeting rooms, offices, conference rooms and an underground parking lot for 99 cars. For this, three buildings of the complex were demolished, one of which is an architectural monument.
A park
In Soviet times, it was built up with various household buildings. Now, it is said to have been rebuilt from the surviving drawings of Bove. Initially, it was also planned to combine it with the Hermitage garden, but so far it has not worked out.
Alcove
She's a park pavilion. New building.
Fence
In reality, the courtyard is blocked off.
Building of the Public Chamber of Moscow
The Public Chamber is an advisory body formed in 2012. The current staff includes, say, architect Andrey Asadov, restaurateur Igor Bukharov, owner of Bosco company Mikhail Kusnerovich, president of the Vera fund Anna Federmesser.
Fence
In reality, this building is also fenced off.
Fence
The render is deceiving: there is no passage to the territory - there is a fence.
From the hospital to the Duma
The beds from the old hospital were removed by 2009 to a modern building in the Savelovskaya area. In the vacated palace on Strastnoy Boulevard under Luzhkov, it was planned to place the Museum of Moscow, which left the Church of John near Elm on New Square; then they thought to open the main wedding palace in the city - registry office number 1. As a result, the contract for the restoration in 2012 was with the FSUE "Ateks" FSO of Russia. For 3.1 billion rubles, they were supposed to re-equip the hospital area of 18.5 thousand square meters for the Moscow deputies and the Duma apparatus. "Ateks" - a company with a solid - was engaged in many important government orders: the restoration of the Mausoleum, Arc de Triomphe on "Kutuzovskaya", the Hall of them. Tchaikovsky. A week ago, the heads of the company in the case of embezzlement during the construction of Putin's residence in Novo-Ogaryovo.
The reconstruction also went on not without scandals: on the site “Know Moscow”, opened by the mayor's office, there was an episode when “... on New Year's Eve 2013, under mysterious circumstances, two outbuildings of the 19th century on the territory of the hospital were demolished”. A conflict arose between the "Maltsev Workshop", which did the survey work and the project of scientific restoration for the registry office, and "Mosproekt-2", which eventually designed the complex for the Duma on the basis of their materials. ( Rebuttal of the editorial board: there was inaccurate information about the results of the proceedings between the "Maltsev Workshop" and the state unitary enterprise "Mosproekt-2" on copyright infringement. The claim of "Maltsev's Workshop" by the Moscow Arbitration Court on June 16, 2015). The public campaign of "Archnardzor", which said that Moscow laws would be adopted in an illegally constructed building, also did not lead to anything.
At the same time, the restoration was presented as a gift to the city. They promised to connect the manor park with the Hermitage garden by pedestrian Uspensky lane. They said that "... the building will become a decoration of the Boulevard Ring" and. “It is by him that we can imagine Moscow, rebuilt after the fire of 1812, - said the rector of the Moscow Architectural Institute Shvidkovsky, - a visible symbol of Russian culture, and it has now acquired the form that it was”.
Former staircase for servants
2 of 12View of the skyscraper in Oruzheiny and the park, restored according to Beauvais's drawings
3 of 12The stucco molding of the main hall on the second floor restored during the reconstruction
4 of 12Stylized stucco molding and lattice, also the second floor
5 of 12All lamps were stylized as historical ones. Surveillance cameras - no
6 of 12An amazing discovery during the reconstruction: the wall of the former house that was here before the Gagarins' estate. Kazakov built one-pillar chambers of the 16th – 17th centuries into his project.
7 of 12Exhibitions are held on the ground floor from time to time
8 of 12New building and meeting room in it
9 of 12View of the Kazakov-Bove mansion from the courtyard
10 of 12Library in the new building. There are 6 floors in total
11 of 12Grigory Revzin's term "marble slime" is quite suitable for the style of the interiors of the new building.
12 of 12As a result, from the boulevard you can really observe the ceremonial portico of Matvey Kazakov - just like in the days of the hospital. But you won't be able to see the symbol of culture from Uspensky Lane: in 2015, according to the My Street program, the lane is now a meeting place for two fences - around the Hermitage and the Moscow City Duma. You can get into its territory only if you have something to do - to a deputy, in the Moscow Public Chamber, you are invited to an excursion or to.
Afisha Daily asked for a tour through the press service. Entry and exit from each building is strictly according to the lists. "Meeting with the deputy, photographing ..." - everything is consistent. The excursion was led by an expert on Japan from the Research Institute of Theory and History of Architecture and Urban Planning, a diploma winner of the Zodchestvo festival. For about an hour, together with a group of strict ladies, she drove up the main staircase, the halls of the second floor and the courtyards of Gagarin's estate. She also showed a new building, recommending Additional information about him "... search the Internet." This is what I was able to hear and see from her.
The Gagarins' estate - the former Novo-Catherine hospital
First floor corridor
The estate was built according to the project of Matvey Kazakov in 1776 for Prince Sergei Gagarin, one of the managing directors of Catherine II. Kazakov's project included a number of technological tricks: for example, the smoke from the stoves went through labyrinths in the ceilings, and in this way the building was heated. The master's offices and chambers were located on the ground floor, where guests were welcomed. The highest ceilings were on the second, where receptions were held. On the third, one wing was occupied by servants, the other by tutors. During the restoration, the floors of the first floor were covered with sandstone, Russian marble, unpolished and non-slip. It is alleged that this was the floor under Kazakov himself.
Chandelier on the ground floor
They tried to stylize the lamps as the beginning of the 19th century. Then, by the size of the chandelier, one could judge how important a particular space plays: the main hall should have been the brightest. The candles burned until two or three in the morning - until the guests began to leave. At the beginning of the 18th century, rich people could afford chandeliers for six candles, and only by the end of the century sophisticated lamps spread - several floors.
Main staircase
Only a noble audience could climb the stairs from the first to the second floor - the servants had their own. The original stairs after the hospital moved in 2009. The contractors used 20 tons of pig iron for the restoration. It was conducted along the surviving fragment of a step and a photograph of the early 20th century.
On the wall are the chairmen of the City Duma of different times. The position itself appeared in 1762, authoritative and wealthy people were chosen for it: at least 40 years old, with real estate worth at least 15,000 rubles. Among the portraits are Sergei Tretyakov, brother of the gallery's founder, Pavel, and one of the last mayors of the city, Vladimir Mikhailovich Golitsyn.
For reference: in the information on income for 2015, the current chairman of the Moscow City Duma, Alexei Shaposhnikov, a 270-meter apartment and a cottage of 277 sq. m. 43-year-old Aleksey Shaposhnikov is a hereditary deputy: his father was in the Duma of the 4th convocation on Petrovka. Both represent United Russia.
Second floor corridor
The first owner of the house, Sergei Gagarin, died in 1782. Ten years later, his heirs rented the building to the famous English club, one of the evenings in which - a gala dinner in honor of Prince Bagration - is described in the novel "War and Peace": “On March 3, in all the rooms of the English Club, there was a groan of talking voices, and, like bees on a spring flight, they scurried back and forth, sat, stood, converged and parted, in uniforms, tailcoats and some other members in powder and caftans. and guests of the club. Powdered, in stockings and shoes, liveried footmen stood at every door and tried hard to catch every movement of the guests and members of the club in order to offer their services. Most of those present were old, respectable people with wide, self-confident faces, thick fingers, firm movements and voices. "
It was not easy to become a member of the club: it was required to have an impeccable reputation, to have the patronage of one of the participants (the club consisted of about 400 people), in addition, to be wealthy enough to contribute 30 rubles a month. Many great writers succeeded in this: the club included Pushkin, Baratynsky, Chaadaev, Karamzin, Zhukovsky, Krylov, Tolstoy, Ostrovsky, Nekrasov and Gogol.
Lamp on the second floor
During the French occupation of Moscow in 1812, the headquarters of Napoleon's cavalry, in which Stendhal served, was located in the Gagarins' mansion. He wrote to his correspondents that they did not have a single club in their homeland that could compare with the English club in Moscow.
In the same 1812, the mansion burned and stood in ruins for ten years. In 1828, it was bought by the Governor-General Golitsyn in order to transport here the hospital of Dr. Paul, which was previously located on 3rd Meshchanskaya Street and was called Ekaterininskaya in honor of the nearby church. The destroyed building was adapted for medical needs by the architect Osip Bove, the author of the Bolshoi Theater. On the site of the Gagarin greenhouses, he erected several outbuildings, which were just demolished on New Year's Eve, and also built the Alexander Nevsky Church. Instead of a ceremonial suite in the new project, operating rooms and wards for patients were arranged. Novo-Ekaterininskaya Hospital was about half a century older than Knickerbocker Hospital and was also famous for its advanced clinical techniques.
Servant ladder
In Soviet times, the Novo-Ekaterininskaya hospital, which became the 24th city hospital, was badly damaged. The ceilings were empty, the wall paintings were painted over, the walls were tiled, and linoleum was laid on the parquet floor. In the restored mansion, this unpretentiousness is surprisingly felt. Here, plastic doors sit side by side with suspended ceilings, and new-made lamps and chairs, like in a school auditorium, are diligently trying to restore the old days.
Oval hall on the second floor
The Great Oval Hall used to be the epicenter of balls and receptions; by one of the walls there is a niche for the orchestra. The walls and 12 columns are finished with artificial marble. The ceiling painting has not survived; this is not even a reconstruction, but a historical fantasy - together with parquet and stucco molding on ceiling 
It was / is Photo from the site stroi.mos.ru.
Novo-Ekaterininskaya hospital - a bright monument of early Moscow classicism
The Gagarins' estate
The building at the Petrovsky Gates was built in 1776 according to a project for the prince as his city estate.
English club
In 1802, the Gagarins sold the estate for the English Club, which held its receptions and meetings here for ten years.
N.A.Naydenov, Public DomainDuring the Napoleonic occupation, this house housed the headquarters of the army's chief intendant; Stendhal, who was with him, commented on the building:
"There is not a single club in Paris that can match it."
Fire of 1812 and restoration
The house burned down in the Moscow fire of 1812.
Restoration work, led by O. I. Bove, began only in 1826.
At the same time, in the basement floor, the arches were replaced with horizontal lintels imitating the castle stones, and a spectacular frieze was made.
Ekaterininskaya hospital
In 1833, patients were transferred to the building from the dilapidated Catherine Hospital on the 3rd Meshchanskaya.
This hospital bore the name of Catherine II, who established the Catherine almshouse in 1775. The date of foundation is displayed on the pediment.
NVO, CC BY-SA 3.0 F.I. Inozemtsev, A.V. Martynov and many other prominent doctors worked in the hospital on Petrovka, which was named Novo-Ekaterininskaya. It was here that in 1879 the therapist A.A.Ostroumov (1844-1908) began to teach.
The building housed hospital clinics, first of the Moscow Medical and Surgical Academy, and since 1845 - Faculty of Medicine Moscow University.
In Soviet times, the main building continued to house a hospital, which after the Great patriotic war the name "City Clinical Hospital No. 24".
On the territory of the site, a hospital church in the name of the Holy Blessed Prince Alexander Nevsky (building 9; rebuilt in 1872-1876 by the architect A.A. Nikiforov) has been preserved. In Soviet times, it was first used as a locksmith's workshop, then a boiler room was located in the church.
Nowadays
In 2009, the building was transferred to the city property, and the hospital was transferred to Pistsovaya Street.
The first project for the reconstruction of the building appeared in 1998: after the transfer of the hospital from here, the building was supposed to house the Museum of the History of Moscow, and the courtyard was planned to be merged with the Hermitage garden.
In 2008, Yuri Luzhkov signed a decree on the reconstruction of the building for the Wedding Palace, but this decision was not implemented. After Luzhkov's resignation, the decision was canceled and it was decided to transfer the building to the location of the Moscow City Duma.
On the night of January 1, 2013, the city authorities began demolishing the courtyard manor buildings by Osip Bove in order to free up space for the new building of the Duma. A new building with an area of more than 18 thousand square meters is being erected in the protected area of the cultural heritage site, which is prohibited by law.
Two years ago, the Moscow Duma moved into a restored mansion on Strastnoy Boulevard, turning it into a fortress. Now, to see the architecture of Kazakov and Bove (and also Choban and Kuznetsov), you have to become a deputy. The second option is to sign up for an excursion. This is what Afisha Daily did.
In 2015, without a noisy housewarming party, the Moscow City Duma moved from Petrovka, 22, to the territory of the former Gagarins estate on Strastnoy Boulevard. The old building was transferred to the department of Yuri Chaika - the Prosecutor General's Office occupies quite a lot of real estate in the area of Petrovka and Bolshaya Dmitrovka. And the apparatus of the Moscow Duma, together with the Public Chamber of the city, now works on the territory of the estate, where the Novo-Ekaterininskaya hospital was located for almost 200 years - from 1833 to 2009.
It was restored, cleared, old fences reinforced and new ones installed. Right there, in the protected area of the monument, a new building was erected for meetings and public discussions, which is actually prohibited by law - and as stated by Arhnadzor in 2013. The building was designed by the Speech bureau, founded by Sergei Choban and Sergei Kuznetsov, the current chief architect of Moscow. The planning of the entire complex was carried out by Mosproekt-2 - the office of Posokhin-son named after Posokhin-father, the chief architect of Moscow in the 1960s-1980s.
What is the complex of the Moscow City Duma: visualization of "Mosproekt-2"
From the hospital to the Duma
The beds from the old hospital were removed by 2009 to a modern building in the Savelovskaya area. In the vacated palace on Strastnoy Boulevard under Luzhkov, it was planned to place the Museum of Moscow, which left the Church of John near Elm on New Square; then they thought to open the main wedding palace in the city - registry office number 1. As a result, the contract for the restoration in 2012 was concluded with the FSUE "Ateks" FSO of Russia. For 3.1 billion rubles, they were supposed to re-equip the hospital area of 18.5 thousand square meters for the Moscow deputies and the Duma apparatus. "Ateks" - a company with a solid website - was engaged in many important government orders: the restoration of the Mausoleum, the Arc de Triomphe on "Kutuzovskaya", the Hall of them. Tchaikovsky. A week ago, company executives were detained on the embezzlement case during the construction of Putin's residence in Novo-Ogaryovo.
The reconstruction also went on not without scandals: the site “Know Moscow”, opened by the mayor's office, describes an episode when “... on New Year's Eve 2013, under mysterious circumstances, two outbuildings of the 19th century on the territory of the hospital were demolished”. A conflict arose between the "Maltsev Workshop", which did the survey work and the project of scientific restoration for the registry office, and "Mosproekt-2", which eventually designed the complex for the Duma on the basis of their materials. The court dismissed Maltsev's claims for demolition and copyright infringement. The public campaign of Archnardzor, which warned that Moscow laws would be passed in an illegally constructed building, also came to nothing.
At the same time, the restoration was presented as a gift to the city. They promised to connect the manor park with the Hermitage garden by pedestrian Uspensky lane. They said that "... the building will become a decoration of the Boulevard Ring" and "... will work for Moscow and Muscovites." “It is by him that we can imagine Moscow, rebuilt after the fire of 1812, - said the rector of Moscow Architectural Institute Shvidkovsky in an interview with TVC, - a visible symbol of Russian culture, and it has now acquired the form that it was”.
As a result, from the boulevard you can really observe the ceremonial portico of Matvey Kazakov - just like in the days of the hospital. But you won't be able to see the symbol of culture from Uspensky Lane: the lane, ennobled in 2015 under the My Street program, is now a meeting place for two fences - around the Hermitage and the Moscow City Duma. You can get to its territory only if you have something to do - to a deputy, in the Moscow Public Chamber, you are invited to an excursion or to an exhibition.
Afisha Daily asked for a tour through the press service. Entry and exit from each building is strictly according to the lists. “Meeting with the deputy, photographing ...” - everything is in accordance with the regulations. The excursion was led by Nina Konovalova, an expert on Japan from the Research Institute of Theory and History of Architecture and Urban Planning, a diploma winner of the Zodchestvo festival. For about an hour, together with a group of strict ladies, she drove up the main staircase, the halls of the second floor and the courtyards of Gagarin's estate. She also showed the new building, recommending additional information about it “… search the Internet”. This is what I was able to hear and see from her.
The Gagarins' estate - the former Novo-Catherine hospital
First floor corridor
The estate was built according to the project of Matvey Kazakov in 1776 for Prince Sergei Gagarin, one of the managing directors of Catherine II. Kazakov's project included a number of technological tricks: for example, the smoke from the stoves went through labyrinths in the ceilings, and in this way the building was heated. The master's offices and chambers were located on the ground floor, where guests were welcomed. The highest ceilings were on the second, where receptions were held. On the third, one wing was occupied by servants, the other by tutors. During the restoration, the floors of the first floor were covered with sandstone, Russian marble, unpolished and non-slip. It is alleged that this was the floor under Kazakov himself.
Chandelier on the ground floor
They tried to stylize the lamps as the beginning of the 19th century. Then, by the size of the chandelier, one could judge how important a particular space plays: the main hall should have been the brightest. The candles burned until two or three in the morning - until the guests began to leave. At the beginning of the 18th century, rich people could afford chandeliers for six candles, and only by the end of the century sophisticated lamps spread - several floors.
Main staircase
Only a noble audience could climb the stairs from the first to the second floor - the servants had their own. The original stairs were turned out with meat after the hospital moved in 2009. The contractors used 20 tons of pig iron for the restoration. It was conducted along the surviving fragment of a step and a photograph of the early 20th century.
On the wall are the chairmen of the City Duma of different times. The position itself appeared in 1762, authoritative and wealthy people were chosen for it: at least 40 years old, with real estate worth at least 15,000 rubles. Among the portraits are Sergei Tretyakov, brother of the gallery's founder, Pavel, and one of the last mayors of the city, Vladimir Mikhailovich Golitsyn.
For reference: in the information on income for 2015, the current chairman of the Moscow City Duma, Alexei Shaposhnikov, indicates a 270-meter apartment and a cottage of 277 sq. m. 43-year-old Aleksey Shaposhnikov is a hereditary deputy: his father was in the Duma of the 4th convocation on Petrovka. Both represent United Russia.
Second floor corridor
The first owner of the house, Sergei Gagarin, died in 1782. Ten years later, his heirs rented the building to the famous English Club, one of the evenings in which - a gala dinner in honor of Prince Bagration - is described in the novel "War and Peace": and, like bees on a spring flight, they scurried back and forth, sat, stood, converged and parted, members and guests of the club in uniforms, tailcoats and some others in powder and caftans. Powdered, in stockings and shoes, liveried footmen stood at every door and tried hard to catch every movement of the guests and members of the club in order to offer their services. Most of those present were old, respectable people with wide, self-confident faces, thick fingers, firm movements and voices. "
It was not easy to become a member of the club: it was required to have an impeccable reputation, to have the patronage of one of the participants (the club consisted of about 400 people), in addition, to be wealthy enough to contribute 30 rubles a month. Many great writers succeeded in this: the club included Pushkin, Baratynsky, Chaadaev, Karamzin, Zhukovsky, Krylov, Tolstoy, Ostrovsky, Nekrasov and Gogol.
Lamp on the second floor
During the French occupation of Moscow in 1812, it was planned to place the headquarters of Napoleon's cavalry, in which Stendhal served, in the Gagarins' mansion. He wrote to his correspondents that they did not have a single club in their homeland that could compare with the English club in Moscow.
In the same 1812, the mansion burned and stood in ruins for ten years. In 1828, it was bought by the Governor-General Golitsyn in order to transport here the hospital of Dr. Paul, which was previously located on 3rd Meshchanskaya Street and was called Ekaterininskaya in honor of the nearby church. The destroyed building was adapted for medical needs by the architect Osip Bove, the author of the Bolshoi Theater. On the site of the Gagarin greenhouses, he erected several outbuildings, which were just demolished on New Year's Eve, and also built the Alexander Nevsky Church. Instead of a ceremonial suite in the new project, operating rooms and wards for patients were arranged. Novo-Ekaterininskaya Hospital was about half a century older than Knickerbocker Hospital and was also famous for its advanced clinical techniques.
Servant ladder
In Soviet times, the Novo-Ekaterininskaya hospital, which became the 24th city hospital, was badly damaged. The ceilings were empty, the wall paintings were painted over, the walls were tiled, and linoleum was laid on the parquet floor. In the restored mansion, this unpretentiousness is surprisingly felt. Here, plastic doors sit side by side with suspended ceilings, and new-made lamps and chairs, like in a school auditorium, are diligently trying to restore the old days.
Oval hall on the second floor
The Great Oval Hall used to be the epicenter of balls and receptions; by one of the walls there is a niche for the orchestra. The walls and 12 columns are finished with artificial marble. The ceiling painting has not survived; it is not even a reconstruction, but a historical fantasy - along with parquet and stucco on the ceiling.
Pink room on the second floor
They did not find descriptions of the color scheme of Matvey Kazakov - they decided to choose the piglet pink that was widespread in the era of romanticism. On the lower part of the walls, blende: painting imitating wood trim.
Grisaille under the ceiling of the second floor
A trick of the same kind can be found in the corridor: there is a painting for stucco molding, which does not always mean that the builders wanted to save on materials. This frieze has been restored from a fragment found during the replacement of the slabs.
Gagarin's Estate - English Club - Novo-Ekaterininskaya Hospital (building No. 15/29 at the corner of Petrovka Street and Strastnoy Boulevard) - a monumental building with a 12-column portico, an architectural monument of the late 18th century, built for the family of Prince S.V. Gagarin (1713 -1782). A striking monument of early Moscow classicism. Currently, the building is part of the complex of buildings of the Moscow City Duma. There is information that in the 16th century there was a palace of Vasily III at this place, later turned into a traveling palace for stopping foreign ambassadors. The area surrounding the palace was called Putinki, and Strastnoy Boulevard, formed from a driveway near the walls of the White City, in early XIX century was called Putin.
Gagarin's estate
Prince Sergei Gagarin, who retired from the post of president of the College of Economy in 1773, concentrated on managing the estates of Empress Catherine II near Moscow and received land for the construction of his own city estate in Moscow. The project was commissioned by the chief architect of the court Matvey Kazakov. The construction of the estate began in 1776 at the crossroads at the Petrovsky Gates.
English club
The Gagarin family remained in the house until 1802. After the death of one of his sons, the mansion was rented out for the "English Club" - a fashionable place for entertainment in Catherine's Moscow. V large cities such clubs operated by analogy with Western gentlemen's gatherings. Noble men were accepted as members, but only after the appropriate recommendation and secret ballot. The first 400 representatives of the city nobility became members of the club. The main event of the “English period” in the history of the building fell on March 3, 1806: the gentlemen organized a dinner party in honor of the hero of the Battle of Shengraben, Prince Peter Bagration. The picture of that evening, according to the recollections of contemporaries, was restored by one of the later regulars of the English Club, the writer Leo Tolstoy, in his novel War and Peace. Members of the English Club had to leave the building in 1812, before the French invasion of Moscow. Ironically, it was in the palace on Strastnoy Boulevard, according to the recollections of one of Napoleon's associates Marie-Henri Beyle, better known under the pseudonym Stendhal, that the troops planned to deploy a field headquarters. It was not possible to translate the plan into reality: the big Moscow fire destroyed the Gagarin estate earlier. After the end of the war, the English Club had to find an alternative room in the neighborhood - on Strastnoy Boulevard, and the Gagarins palace remained abandoned for several years.
Novo-Ekaterininskaya hospital
In 1821, the semicircular building of the palace with a left wing in the main part was rebuilt. At the same time, the main three-storey building and the right wing remained unfinished until 1828, when the building was acquired by the military governor-general of Moscow D.V. Golitsyn for a hospital. This year it was restored and adapted by O. I. Bove for the hospital under the direction of Dr. A. I. Paul - home ...
