Translator deaf Russian. How to learn to speak in the deaf and dumb language
In Russia, about 120 thousand deaf. The main language of communication for them is the Russian sign language. Translators from a gesture language into Russian less than a thousand people - this profession is rare and in demand. The director of the Education Center of the Deaf and Gesting Language Language Anna Komarov answered uncomfortable questions about the profession.
Anna Komarova
Deaf or deaf: How to talk about those who do not hear?
"Deaf" says indecently, because the word "deaf-and-and-membrane" means that a person cannot express himself, and the deaf has his own language - gesture. So "deafonomy" is used only in conversations about history - for example, when we are talking about the first schools for deaf children.
In English "Deaf" - Deaf - written with a capital letter, like any other sociocultural community or nationality. In the word "deaf", the deaf are proud of themselves, but various euphemisms like a "man with a violation or a lack of hearing" imply that there is no deaf something, although the deaf themselves consider themselves simply by others.
We can split the community of deaf on medical criteria into several groups:
- weighted, that is, those who thanks to the hearing aids can recognize speech or hear the sounds of the environment;
- frames, that is, those who have lost their hearing already have a developed verbal language;
- deaf.
Russian gesture language is the same Russian, just with your hands?
Not. The Russian sign language (Rzhya), on which they say deaf, is very different from Russian, he has its own grammar and another order of words. For example, the definition comes after a noun, as in French, and the denial "not" after the verb - as in German. It also differs from Russian as any foreign language. The Russian gesture language is in one language group with a French sign language and an American gesture, but the British gesturing language is already in another language group.
There is another Russian language in gestures when gestures accompany Russian proposals. Sometimes it is called "tracker", before it was shown on TV, but only those who speak Russian well, most often late or weighted. Deaf, even those who can freely read the newspapers, do not understand it. Especially if the screen is a small head in a circle. Russian subtitles in this case are much better.
Another deaf use the "manual" alphabet when one gesture is not a word, but only the letter. ABC, which is called Dactylology, is used to designate terms and names of their own.
Deaf has slang. Gestures, understandable only by one group. Slang at the deaf her - he can not coincide at all with the Russian, however, if the word is popular on the Internet, it is in a gesture language.
Brief history of the gesture language
All modern gesture languages \u200b\u200bare young. The Russian sign language is one of the oldest in the world, he appeared no earlier than the 1760s. Probably, the deaf used gestures before, but we do not know what. For example, it is precisely known that the arters of deaf artists in Italy in the XVI century said gestures, and in an educational house in Moscow in the XVIII century, but there were no records of the gestures themselves. In general, the national gesture language appears when sustainable groups of deaf appear.
But for a long time with the communities of the deaf fought. In the XIX century in the United States, in Europe and we especially influenced the movement of oralists - those who believed that the deaf need to be taught to the verbal language, and deaf to prohibit marry each other. Deaf teachers were banned to work at school - therefore the deaf learned hearing. It was based on various religious misconceptions like: God cannot reach God, if you don't speak in a verbal language, or that if you are using gestures, then you are shortcoming, monkey.
Oddly enough, but the idea that if you are talking to a voice, you stand above on the evolutionary staircase, turned out to be extremely alive. My 16-year-old mom in one of the best schools in Moscow in the 1950s teacher of biology (!) Explained that those who enjoy gestures and make hands are gradually covered with a wool and turn into monkeys. However, other errors can be considered a child: deaf often consider mental disabled people or just stupid, although no deafness to mental abilities has no relation to mental abilities. Unfortunately, this happens to blame and bad translation.
Relatively calmly deaf felt in 1938, it would seem, terrible time, repression, but it was then a decree that you need to use for learning a deaf gesture language. This is due to the fact that during industrialization the country needed qualified personnel for factories, and the qualitative formation of the deaf without a gesture language is impossible.
Unfortunately, in 1950, the article by Stalin "Marxism and Linguistics issues" was published, where the gesturing language was named unreal, erzatz language. After that, the Russian gesturing language began to ban again.
Where are the gesture translation translators?
Since 2012 - at the Moscow State Linguistic University, at the Faculty of English. Students teach English, and Russian and British sign languages.
While there were two releases of 10 people. From the first 5 people work with Rzhya. For example, one graduate is seriously engaged in linguistics, traveled to different foreign seminars, now received a grant in English University and travels for several years to write scientific work.
Another graduate translates the deaf in society, she also translated the UN session in Switzerland and today returns after the Olympic Games of Deaf in Turkey.
Another one works with Rzhya in the Museum of Modern Art "Garage", works by art, painting deaf artists. Two more are engaged in Community interpreting, that is, they are translated in any situations: for example, one of them translated on our shovel in Finland, now goes to Denmark ... In the second issue, there are still no guys in the second issue.
Before MGLU, translators basically taught the language on courses or mastered them in the family. Most of the translators of the Russian gesture language in our country - from the families of the deaf, most often these are the senior hearing daughters. Another small part is missionaries or those who want to help deaf. But to know the language and be able to translate are very different skills. So the level of vocational training is very different.
What should a gesture translator be able to?
Unlike translators from other languages, working with a gesture language - this is the rare exception to a synchronous translation: that is, listen to the verbal language and translate it into gestures or translate gestures into oral speech.
In addition, ordinary synchronists are sitting in the booth, no one sees them, and they are entirely concentrated on translating if they are mistaken - then no one knows that this person was mistaken. The translator of the gesture language is on the stage, and his work is assessed by all who know the gestured language, everyone sees his mistakes. Moral it is not easy.
It is important that the specialist can translate not only one way, but he himself understood that he says deaf. It happens that because of the error of the translator, because of its weak ownership of both the gesture and competent Russians, the speech is deaf seems incoherent, illogical, and everyone thinks that he is stupid.
Where do gesture translators work?
Sign language translators can work in the same place wherever translators of any other languages: at conferences, universities, social institutions, business. But for some reason, we have historically developed so that the translator of a gesture language is for some reason the social worker, and in Europe and the United States this problem is no longer. We have an average translator - this is a woman with an average special education from the deaf family that works in the society of deaf and who knows everything: she is the secretary, an accountant, lawyer, assistant, cooks coffee. And this is rooted incorrect.
The profession often come those who want to help. For example, when we ask through the questionnaires, what mandatory qualities of the translator, we write "kindness". Everyone is written "kindness", but in general, the translator should not be kind, he must be a professional, be attentive, accurate, and we all want to deaf advise or decide for it.
Ideally, the translator should be invisible: to translate so that hearing seemed to be deaf, and deaf that hearing speaks his tongue. Then the translator is really well done.
The translator is needed when visiting the doctor, with any legal actions. Now we demand that everyone who works in courts passed must necessarily certify and received a certificate of admission to transfer in court. There are stories when translators were mistaken in translated, and this was reflected in the verdicts: under the accusations and punishment.
The translation is needed not only in court or hospital, but also a business, for example, a gesture language is taught by MTS and MegaFon employees to serve deaf customers. MFC has a remote translation agreement: the translator works through Skype with the center, the deaf client has free access to the translation.
But most of all the translators in institutions and colleges, because without them it is very difficult to get an education. And now we are fighting for the deaf can learn where they want, and not where there are groups. Just from Soviet times it happened so that if you are deaf, you are doomed to learn from the engineer, because in MSTU them. Bauman since the 1930s there are special groups with a translator, and in other places they may not be.
For example, this year, one completely deaf girl entered MGLU - she wants to study linguistics, become the first certified deaf linguist, but who and under what conditions will she translate all lectures? The question is still open.
We accustomed to consider oral speech the only and main language of people. But in addition to her, there are other ways to express words and thoughts. People with impaired hearing for interpersonal communication use language language and facial expressions. It is designed to communicate between deaf people and is called a gesture. The cruel speech is carried out using a visual channel transmission channel. This type of communication is not enough and not yet fully studied. Only in our state, the Russian gesture language uses 2 million people.
In gesture language, information is transmitted from the speaking man to the listener through the movement of hands, eyes or body. It is perceived through the visual channel and has the following properties:
- In a gesture language, the main place is occupied by space around the talking person. When communicating, it affects all levels of language.
- Unlike the sounding words reaching the ears consistently, the deaf language is shown and perceived at the same time. It helps convey more information using one gesture.
There is no universal gesture in the world for deaf-and-dumb people. There are more than 100 gesture languages \u200b\u200bused to communicate between people with a violation of speech and hearing. People who use unequal gestures will not understand each other. Deaf people can, like speaking, teach or forget about the gestures of another country.
The use of gesturing speech every year expands, making from a primitive communication system, a suitable area to express a variety of thoughts and ideas. Weather speech is used in the educational system, on television, video lessons. Russian gesturing language is used only for interpersonal communication people.
In Europe, the deaf language appeared at the beginning of the XVIII century. Before his appearance, the deaf people lived and studied isolated from others. The first deafness school appeared in 1760 in France. The main task of teachers was the teaching of deaf children reading and writing. To solve this problem, an old French sign language was used, which appeared in the deaf-dumb group. It was slightly modified. Specially designed educational gestures were added, which were used to designate grammar. In the training, the "Mimic method" of information transfer was applied when each letter was designated a separate hand gesture.
This learning system later began to be used in Russia. In 1806, the first school was opened in Pavlovsk. And in 1951 the World Federation of Deaf appeared. The organization's participants decided to create a standard gesture language. It was supposed to be used for deaf specialists and public figures participating in the work of the Congress.
To standardize gesturing speech, experts of many countries, analyzing similar gestures used by different nationalities, developed a single language for all. And in 1973, a dictionary of gesturing speech was published, which prepared the World Federation of Deaf.
Shortly thereafter, at the VII Congress of Deafness in America, an international language of deaf, which was used to communicate between deaf people from different countries participating in world-class events was created and approved.
Linguistics gesture language
Despite the established opinion on the tongue of the deaf as a primitive language, it is characterized by a rich vocabulary and not easy to use. A linguistic study was conducted, which proved the presence of elements in the language, which are present in a full-fledged oral speech.
Signs of gestures consist of simple components - Hirim, which do not bear the semantic load. There are 3 elements describing the structure and difference of gestures among themselves:
- Location gesture to the body of the speaker;
The gesture can be used in the neutral space for it, on the same level with a part of the body without contacting it.
- The shape of the hand that performs the gesture;
- Hand move when performing gesture.
The movement of the hand in the space and the movement of the brush or fingers with a constant position of the hand is taken into account.
- The movement of hands in space relative to the body of the speaking or each other.
Gestures are sketchy, come up with communication and have a distinctive connection with the visual designation of the word. The deaf language has its grammar to facilitate communication on versatile topics and is not a visual repetition of the usual language.
Distinctive features of the structure of the gesture language
- Concreteness;
In the gesture there is no generalization limited by a sign of the subject and action. There is not a single gesture in which the words "big" and "go" would be used. Such words are used by different gestures that accurately convey signs or movement of a person.
The gesture is able to depict the subject. Sounds or letters from which there are words that are independent of the characteristics of the subject can be transmitted by special movement of the hand. For example, for the image of the house, the hands show the roof, and they show a handshake for the image of friendship.
The origin of the names of things in speech is sometimes impossible to explain. The origin of gestures to explain is easier, as their history of creating and occurring is known. But even with time it is erased and becomes more schematic.
- Imagery;
Due to the image forming, gestures are easier to remember and assimilate. She makes gestures clearer to communicate deaf people with themselves.
- Syncretism;
Gestures have the property of unity in the transmission of different sounds, but the same as the meaning of the word. For example, fire, fire or video, shooting. An additional signs of the subject are used to designate synonyms in the gesture. For example, it shows the word "draw" and "frame" to designate the picture.
- Amorphism;
The sign language consists of concepts, but it is not able to express such forms of grammar like a case, genus, time, number, view. To do this, the cruel mimic speech is applied, which from a small number of gestures receives ordinary combinations of words. This happens with gluing (agglutination) words in a certain order:
- Man or subject - the designation of action (I am to sleep);
- What is happening - denial (able to - no);
- Designation of the subject - quality;
- The state of the subject or man (the cat is sick, rustier).
- Grammar spatiality.
The cruel speech transmits several phrases and words simultaneously. An expression transmitted in this way contains in addition to gesticulation also non-naughty components. This is the expression of the face of a speaking man, the movement of body parts, look. This type of information transfer is used as intonation in oral speech.
The language of the deaf people has nonlinearity. Grammar is transmitted together with the vocabulary, the gesture can be modified when communicating.
Education to the Russian gesture
To explore the gesture language, you will need as much time for any other language, special video courses will be useful. In addition to the theoretical part, practice is required. Without it, we can not master the tongue. It is much more complicated to understand deaf-and-dumb people than to show something yourself. In test speech, there are words or expressions that are not translated into Russian.
I can study the language of gestures yourself, using video lessons or dictionary. Using video training, you can learn to use in practice when communicating with deaf people such simple, but the necessary words as "thank you", "Sorry", "love". The word "Thank you" in the deaf language is useful in life when meeting with inadvertent people.
On video lessons it is easier to assimilate and remember information, understand how to properly perform the gesture, stretch, repeating movement. Learning the deaf language, with the help of dictionaries, lectures or video lessons solves the following tasks:
- Improving speech skills, using the use of a gesture language;
- Expanding knowledge about the linguistic component of the language;
- The formation of knowledge about the deaf language as a natural form of communication of people, the presence of similar and distinctive characteristics with other languages;
- Familiarization with the history of the occurrence of the language and stages of development;
- Formation of the importance of learning the language and understanding the role of Russian and gesturing speech in society.
Learning a language with the help of a special program or video lesson contributes to the development of communication in different life conditions, with informal communication with friends, parents, unfamiliar people or when congeted in an official situation.
The Survival Day was established in January 2003 on the initiative of the Central Board of the All-Russian Society of Deaf. All-Russian public organization of persons with disabilities "All-Russian Society of Deaf" (VOG) is the most numerous and oldest public organization of persons with disabilities for hearing, formed in 1926.
The purpose of the Survival Day - to draw the attention of society to the problems of deaf. For comparison - if in Finland, for each thousand deaf person accounts for 300 ward-speakers, then in Russia - only three. And over time, the number of survivors becomes only less. At the same time, the work of a survival of the Social Plan for the Society of Deaf Isless, because he is needed in court, police, tax inspectorate, for social protection,at the reception of the doctor and so on.
Typically, the children of deaf parents growing in the "deaf" medium become surviving. You can get an education in this specialty in the training centers of St. Petersburg and Moscow.
The language in which "talking" survival with the sector from the screen or with their customers, - gesturing, and all over the world there are several million people on it. In some countries, it has long been recognized officially and is used to adapt news programs and various gears for people with hearing problems.
By the way, on October 24, the State Duma of the Russian Federation in the first reading adopted a bill that enhancing the status of a Russian gesture language. Thanks to the amendments to the laws "On Education" and "On Social Protection of Disabled in the Russian Federation", the Russian gesturing language is now determined as a language of communication in the presence of hearing disorders or speech, including in the areas of oral use of the state language of the Russian Federation.
The special meaning of this draft law is that the official recognition of the status of the Russian gesture language will create the necessary conditions in educational institutions to obtain education for hearing disabilities using a gesture language, build a system for the preparation and retraining of teachers based on secondary and higher professional educational institutions, is reported on the website. Voginfo.ru.
How to explain to the man in the deaf language?
Sign Language
First, one of the main incorrect ideas about gesture languages \u200b\u200bis that they depend on verbal languages \u200b\u200b(sound and written) or have occurred from them and that these languages \u200b\u200bwere invented by hearing. This is not true. Secondly, often dactlation of letters is taken for gesture languages \u200b\u200b- that is, when the letters are "depicted" with hands.
The difference between the dactylology and the language of gestures, on which they communicate the deaf among themselves, is that dactylology is used mainly to pronounce the names of their own, geographical names or specific terms, that is, each word "is shown" by hand with letters. In this case, gesture signs represent the whole words and everything in the dictionary of the deaf there are more than 2000 gestures. Show some of them will not be a lot of work.
For example:
To study in more detail the language of gestures can be in a famous book. G. L. Zaitseva "Fair speech. Dactylology".
To get acquainted with Azami Dactylology easier - there is a well-established alphabet, and, by saying the word gestures by letters, you can explain with a deaf person. In Russian Dactylology, 33 of the dactual sign, each of which corresponds to the inscription of the letter corresponding to it.
Russian Dactual ABC From DeafNet.Ru:
It should be noted that a deaf or a hearing impaired person will most likely understand that it is you who want to tell him without a language of gestures, because most of them are very well read on her lips.
How is the dictionary and how to use it
A brief gesture dictionary will help you, dear reader, master the vocabulary of gesturing speech. This is a small dictionary, it is about 200 gestures. Why were these gestures been selected? Such questions arise inevitably, especially when the volume of the dictionary is small. Our dictionary was created in this way. Since the dictionary is designed primarily for Survival, teachers and educators of schools deaf participated in determining the composition of the Sloven. The author for several years offered to students of the MGZPI, working in boarding schools for the deaf, the list of signs - "candidates" in the dictionary. And he applied to them with a request: to leave on the list only the most necessary for the teacher and the tutor's gestures, the rest to delete. But you can also add a list if required. From the initial list, all gestures were excluded against which more than 50% of expert teachers objected. Conversely, the gestures proposed by experts entered the Slovenian if more than half of them believed that it was advisable.
The gestures included in the dictionary are mainly used in the Russian gesturing speech, and in the calculating gesturing speech. They are grouped by topics. Of course, the assignment of many gestures to one topic or another to a large extent conditionally. The author here followed the tradition of the compilation of thematic dictionaries, and also sought to put in each group gestures denoting both objects and actions, and signs, to be more convenient to talk on a given topic. At the same time, gestures have a solid numbering. If you, the reader, you need to remember, for example, how it is fulfilled to interfere, and you do not know what the thematic group it is necessary to do this. In the end of the dictionary, all gestures (naturally, their verbal designations) are alphabetically arranged, and the sequence of the gesture index will make it easy to find it in the dictionary.
Conditional designations in the drawings will help more precisely understand and reproduce the structure of the gesture.
Wanting you success in learning the vocabulary of gesturing speech, the author is waiting for you, dear reader, proposals for the improvement of a brief gesture dictionary.
Legend
Greetings acquaintance
1. Hello 2. Goodbye
3. Thank you 4. Sorry (those)
Greetings acquaintance
5. Name 6. Profession
7. Specialty 8. Who
Greetings acquaintance
9. What is 10. Where
11. When 12. Where
Greetings acquaintance
13. From 14. Why
15. Why 16. Whose
17. Man 18. Male
19. Woman 20. Child
21. Semia 22. Father
23. Mother 24.Son
25. Daughter 26. Grandma
27. Grandpa 28. Brother
29. Sister 30. Live
31. Work 32. Respect
33. Care 34. Help
35. Put 36. Friendship
37. Young 38. Old
House apartment
39. City 40. Village
41. Street 42. House
House apartment
43. Apartment 44. Room
45. Window 46. Kitchen, cook food
House apartment
47. Restroom 48. Table
49. Chair 50. Cabinet
House apartment
51. Bed 52. TV
53. VCR 54. Make
House apartment
55. Watch 56. Wash
57. Invite 58. Light
House apartment
59. Cozy 60. New
61. Pure 62. Dirty
63. School 64. Class
65. Bedroom 66. Dining room
67. Director 68. Teacher
69. Educator 70. Learn
71. Learn 72. Computer
73. Collection 74. Deaf
75. Low-drying 76. Dactylology
77. Test speech 78. Lead
79. Putting 80. Perform
81. Praise 82. Scold
83. punish 84. Check
85. Agree 86. Strict
87. Good 88. Honest
89. Lesson 90. Headphones
91. Book 92. Notebook
93. Pencils 94. To tell
95.Good 96. Hear
101.Dalue 102. Do not know
103. Understand 104. Do not understand
105. Repeat 106. Remember
107. Remember 108. Forget
109. Think 110. I can, you can
111. He I can 112. Oven
113. Good 114. Bad
115. Carefully 116. Right
117. Shame 118. Angry, angry
119. Rough 120. polite
121. Student
122. diligent
ON A REST
123. Recreation 124. Forest
125. River 126. Sea
ON A REST
127. Water 128. Sun
129. Moon 130. Rain
ON A REST
131.Neg 133. Day
132. Morning 134. Evening
ON A REST
135. Night 136. Summer
137. Autumn 138. Spring
ON A REST
139. Winter 140. Excursion, Museum
141. Theater 142. Cinema
ON A REST
143. Stadium 144.Pizculture
145. Competition 146. Participate
ON A REST
147. Rewind 148. Play
149. Play 150. Walk
ON A REST
151. Dance 152. Want
153. Do not want 154. Love
ON A REST
155. Rejoice 156. Wait
157. Cheat 158. Cheerful
ON A REST
159. Lucky 160. Strong
161. Weak 162. Easy
ON A REST
163. Difficult 164. Quietly
165. White 166. Red
ON A REST
167. Black 168. Green
OUR COUNTRY
169. Motherland
170. State 171. Moscow
OUR COUNTRY
172. People 173. Revolution
174. Party 175. President
OUR COUNTRY
176. Fight 177. Constitution
178. Elections, choose 179. Deputy
OUR COUNTRY
180. Chairman 181. Government
182. Translator 183. Publicity
OUR COUNTRY
184. Democracy 185. War
186. World 187. Army
OUR COUNTRY
188. Disarmament
189. Treaty 190. Space
OUR COUNTRY
191. Protect 192. Politics
What do these gestures mean
193, 194. Gesture name (person name in gestured language)
195. Master of his case 196. Master of his case (option)
What do these gestures mean
197. This does not concern me. Early
199. Do not catch (at home, at work) 200. Stunning,
stunning
201. Equally, identically 202. Calm down after
any excitement
203. Embossed from the forces 204. Here it is
Signs of colloquial gesture
205. Make sight of, forget 206. On the heart of "Cats Scrach"
207. Do not be afraid to say 208. Wait a little
something in the eyes
Alphabetical gesture signpost
| army | do | ||
| grandmother | democracy | ||
| day | |||
| white | deputy | ||
| fight | village | ||
| brother | Director | ||
| polite | kind | ||
| Treaty | |||
| right | rain | ||
| happy | house | ||
| Spring | bye | ||
| evening | daughter | ||
| video recorder | friendship | ||
| carefully | think | ||
| water | |||
| war | wait | ||
| Educator | female | ||
| remember | Tie speech | ||
| Elections, choose | live | ||
| perform | |||
| Where Publicity Deaf Speak City State Rude Dirty Walking Dactylology Grandpa | care | ||
| Forget | |||
| what for | |||
| protect | |||
| Hello | |||
| green | |||
| winter | |||
| angry, angry | |||
| know | |||
| play | |||
| excuse (those) | |||
| name |
| pencil | deceive | ||||
| flat | window | ||||
| movie | fall | ||||
| Class | relaxation | ||||
| book | father | ||||
| when | From | ||||
| room | be mistaken | ||||
| Computer Constitution Cosmos Red Bed Who Kitchen, Cooking Food | |||||
| the consignment | |||||
| translator | |||||
| write | |||||
| badly | |||||
| win | |||||
| repeat | |||||
| politics | |||||
| remember | |||||
| easily | to help | ||||
| forest | understand | ||||
| summer | charge | ||||
| deft | why | ||||
| moon | government | ||||
| be in love | Chairman | ||||
| invite the president to play a challenge profession | |||||
| mother | |||||
| interfere | |||||
| peace | |||||
| I can, you can | |||||
| young sea Moscow man wash | |||||
| work | |||||
| rejoice | |||||
| disarmament | |||||
| narrate | |||||
| Baby Revolution River Drawing Motherland Scold | |||||
| punish | |||||
| people | |||||
| headphones | |||||
| dont know | |||||
| I can not | Lead | ||||
| Do not understand not want a new night | |||||
| light coloured | |||||
| a family | |||||
| sister strong hearing impaired weak hearing watch snow collection agreed sun competition bedroom thank you specialty calm stadium diligent old table dining room strict chair shame to count son dancing theater tv notebook hard | restroom | ||||
| respect | |||||
| Street | |||||
| lesson | |||||
| morning | |||||
| participate | |||||
| teacher | |||||
| learn | |||||
| Student | |||||
| to study | |||||
| cozy | |||||
| Physical Culture Praise Good Want | |||||
| Whose man black honest pure read what a wardrobe school excursion, museum | |||||
Instead of preface
As you know, learning the language always begins with the theory. Therefore, in the first stages of studying the language of deaf-and-dumb, you will need to get tangle. With their help, you can explore the necessary theoretical foundations that are needed to own a language on the base, that is, the initial level. In the tongue of deaf-donkey bases are the alphabet and actually words.
How to learn how to talk in the deaf and dumb language?
If you want to learn to talk in the language of gestures, you need to own the minimum vocabulary. In the deaf-dumb language, almost any word can be expressed by a specific gesture. Examine the most common words that people enjoy in everyday life, as well as learn how to pronounce simple phrases.
For this purpose, special -slovari will be perfectly suitable: the announcer shows the gesture corresponding to the word, and the correct articulation. Such dictionaries can be found on sites on learning gestures. But you can use the dictionaries of the book format. True, there you will see gestures only on, and this is not as good way to study words.
To talk in the deaf and dumb language, it will also be necessary to learn a dactile alphabet. It consists of 33 gestures, each of which corresponds to a certain letter of the alphabet. In a conversation, a given alphabet is used not often, but it is still necessary to know it: the letter gestures are used in the pronunciation of new words for which there are no special gestures, as well as for the names of their own (names, surnames, locality of settlements, etc.).
As soon as you master the theoretical part, that is, learn the alphabet of deaf-and-dumb and will own a basic vocabulary stock, you will need to find a way to communicate with native speakers with which you will train your conversational skills.
Where can I practice the language of gestures?
It is important to understand that learn to talk in the deaf-and-dumb language - the task is impossible. Only in the process of real communication can be mastered by conversational skills at such a level to understand the language of gestures well and be able to explain on it.
So, where can you talk to the natives of the deaf and dumbstone? First of all, it is all sorts of online resources: social networks, thematic forums and specialized sites, whose audience is hearing impaired or deaf people. Modern means of communication will allow you to fully communicate with native speakers without leaving home.
You can go for more complex, but at the same time and more efficient path. Find out if you have specialized schools for deaf or any other communities of hearing impaired and deaf people. Of course, to become a full member of a similar organization to a hearing person will not be possible. But this is possible if you learn the deaf language in the sake of pleasure, but to communicate with someone from loved ones. In addition, you can enroll in a volunteer to boarding school for deaf children. There you fully immerse yourself in the language environment, as you can truly communicate with the speakers of gesture. And at the same time, and do good deeds - as a rule, volunteers in such institutions are always needed.
