Translation gestures online. A brief dictionary of a gesture language as a dictionary is arranged and how to use it
How is the dictionary and how to use it
A brief gesture dictionary will help you, dear reader, master the vocabulary of gesturing speech. This is a small dictionary, it is about 200 gestures. Why were these gestures been selected? Such questions arise inevitably, especially when the volume of the dictionary is small. Our dictionary was created in this way. Since the dictionary is designed primarily for Survival, teachers and educators of schools deaf participated in determining the composition of the Sloven. The author for several years offered to students of the MGZPI, working in boarding schools for the deaf, the list of signs - "candidates" in the dictionary. And he applied to them with a request: to leave on the list only the most necessary for the teacher and the tutor's gestures, the rest to delete. But you can also add a list if required. From the initial list, all gestures were excluded against which more than 50% of expert teachers objected. Conversely, the gestures proposed by experts entered the Slovenian if more than half of them believed that it was advisable.
The gestures included in the dictionary are mainly used in the Russian gesturing speech, and in the calculating gesturing speech. They are grouped by topics. Of course, the assignment of many gestures to one topic or another to a large extent conditionally. The author here followed the tradition of the compilation of thematic dictionaries, and also sought to put in each group gestures denoting both objects and actions, and signs, to be more convenient to talk on a given topic. At the same time, gestures have a solid numbering. If you, the reader, you need to remember, for example, how it is fulfilled to interfere, and you do not know what the thematic group it is necessary to do this. In the end of the dictionary, all gestures (naturally, their verbal designations) are alphabetically arranged, and the sequence of the gesture index will make it easy to find it in the dictionary.
Conditional designations in the drawings will help more precisely understand and reproduce the structure of the gesture.
Wanting you success in learning the vocabulary of gesturing speech, the author is waiting for you, dear reader, proposals for the improvement of a brief gesture dictionary.
Legend
Greetings acquaintance
1. Hello 2. Goodbye
3. Thank you 4. Sorry (those)
Greetings acquaintance
5. Name 6. Profession
7. Specialty 8. Who
Greetings acquaintance
9. What is 10. Where
11. When 12. Where
Greetings acquaintance
13. From 14. Why
15. Why 16. Whose
17. Man 18. Male
19. Woman 20. Child
21. Semia 22. Father
23. Mother 24.Son
25. Daughter 26. Grandma
27. Grandpa 28. Brother
29. Sister 30. Live
31. Work 32. Respect
33. Care 34. Help
35. Put 36. Friendship
37. Young 38. Old
House apartment
39. City 40. Village
41. Street 42. House
House apartment
43. Apartment 44. Room
45. Window 46. Kitchen, cook food
House apartment
47. Restroom 48. Table
49. Chair 50. Cabinet
House apartment
51. Bed 52. TV
53. VCR 54. Make
House apartment
55. Watch 56. Wash
57. Invite 58. Light
House apartment
59. Cozy 60. New
61. Pure 62. Dirty
63. School 64. Class
65. Bedroom 66. Dining room
67. Director 68. Teacher
69. Educator 70. Learn
71. Learn 72. Computer
73. Collection 74. Deaf
75. Low-drying 76. Dactylology
77. Test speech 78. Lead
79. Putting 80. Perform
81. Praise 82. Scold
83. punish 84. Check
85. Agree 86. Strict
87. Good 88. Honest
89. Lesson 90. Headphones
91. Book 92. Notebook
93. Pencils 94. To tell
95.Good 96. Hear
101.Dalue 102. Do not know
103. Understand 104. Do not understand
105. Repeat 106. Remember
107. Remember 108. Forget
109. Think 110. I can, you can
111. He I can 112. Oven
113. Good 114. Bad
115. Carefully 116. Right
117. Shame 118. Angry, angry
119. Rough 120. polite
121. Student
122. diligent
ON A REST
123. Recreation 124. Forest
125. River 126. Sea
ON A REST
127. Water 128. Sun
129. Moon 130. Rain
ON A REST
131.Neg 133. Day
132. Morning 134. Evening
ON A REST
135. Night 136. Summer
137. Autumn 138. Spring
ON A REST
139. Winter 140. Excursion, Museum
141. Theater 142. Cinema
ON A REST
143. Stadium 144.Pizculture
145. Competition 146. Participate
ON A REST
147. Rewind 148. Play
149. Play 150. Walk
ON A REST
151. Dance 152. Want
153. Do not want 154. Love
ON A REST
155. Rejoice 156. Wait
157. Cheat 158. Cheerful
ON A REST
159. Lucky 160. Strong
161. Weak 162. Easy
ON A REST
163. Difficult 164. Quietly
165. White 166. Red
ON A REST
167. Black 168. Green
OUR COUNTRY
169. Motherland
170. State 171. Moscow
OUR COUNTRY
172. People 173. Revolution
174. Party 175. President
OUR COUNTRY
176. Fight 177. Constitution
178. Elections, choose 179. Deputy
OUR COUNTRY
180. Chairman 181. Government
182. Translator 183. Publicity
OUR COUNTRY
184. Democracy 185. War
186. World 187. Army
OUR COUNTRY
188. Disarmament
189. Treaty 190. Space
OUR COUNTRY
191. Protect 192. Politics
What do these gestures mean
193, 194. Gesture name (person name in gestured language)
195. Master of his case 196. Master of his case (option)
What do these gestures mean
197. This does not concern me. Early
199. Do not catch (at home, at work) 200. Stunning,
stunning
201. Equally, identically 202. Calm down after
any excitement
203. Embossed from the forces 204. Here it is
Signs of colloquial gesture
205. Make sight of, forget 206. On the heart of "Cats Scrach"
207. Do not be afraid to say 208. Wait a little
something in the eyes
Alphabetical gesture signpost
| army | do | ||
| grandmother | democracy | ||
| day | |||
| white | deputy | ||
| fight | village | ||
| brother | Director | ||
| polite | kind | ||
| Treaty | |||
| right | rain | ||
| happy | house | ||
| Spring | bye | ||
| evening | daughter | ||
| video recorder | friendship | ||
| carefully | think | ||
| water | |||
| war | wait | ||
| Educator | female | ||
| remember | Tie speech | ||
| Elections, choose | live | ||
| perform | |||
| Where Publicity Deaf Speak City State Rude Dirty Walking Dactylology Grandpa | care | ||
| Forget | |||
| what for | |||
| protect | |||
| Hello | |||
| green | |||
| winter | |||
| angry, angry | |||
| know | |||
| play | |||
| excuse (those) | |||
| name |
| pencil | deceive | ||||
| flat | window | ||||
| movie | fall | ||||
| Class | relaxation | ||||
| book | father | ||||
| when | From | ||||
| room | be mistaken | ||||
| Computer Constitution Cosmos Red Bed Who Kitchen, Cooking Food | |||||
| the consignment | |||||
| translator | |||||
| write | |||||
| badly | |||||
| win | |||||
| repeat | |||||
| politics | |||||
| remember | |||||
| easily | to help | ||||
| forest | understand | ||||
| summer | charge | ||||
| deft | why | ||||
| moon | government | ||||
| be in love | Chairman | ||||
| invite the president to play a challenge profession | |||||
| mother | |||||
| interfere | |||||
| peace | |||||
| I can, you can | |||||
| young sea Moscow man wash | |||||
| work | |||||
| rejoice | |||||
| disarmament | |||||
| narrate | |||||
| Baby Revolution River Drawing Motherland Scold | |||||
| punish | |||||
| people | |||||
| headphones | |||||
| dont know | |||||
| I can not | Lead | ||||
| Do not understand not want a new night | |||||
| light coloured | |||||
| a family | |||||
| sister strong hearing impaired weak hearing watch snow collection agreed sun competition bedroom thank you specialty calm stadium diligent old table dining room strict chair shame to count son dancing theater tv notebook hard | restroom | ||||
| respect | |||||
| Street | |||||
| lesson | |||||
| morning | |||||
| participate | |||||
| teacher | |||||
| learn | |||||
| Student | |||||
| to study | |||||
| cozy | |||||
| Physical Culture Praise Good Want | |||||
| Whose man black honest pure read what a wardrobe school excursion, museum | |||||
Instead of preface
Our world is diverse. It cannot be said that there are people who are one in one friend on a friend both externally and internally similar. Thus, another universe, which has its own properties, also inhabit those that are customary to be called deaf-and-and-and-and-and-and-and-the-way people. Their environmental perception is at times different from how the reality of a person who does not have such physical deviations.
But it is important to note that the language of deafness gestures has the same polyhedral, colorfulness, as well as a healthy personality. There are more than 2,000 gestures in the dictionary. And gesture signs are whole words, because to show yes and learn some of them will not be a lot of work.
Non-verbal tongue of gestures
Before proceeding to the sign language of gestures, it will be appropriate to note that one of the wrong ideas about him is the opinion that it depends on the verbal language that we use every day (sound and written) or he allegedly occurred from the latter, and also The fact that the deaf and dumb language was founded by hearing. Moreover, it is generally incorrect to assume that the gestures of a silent language are accepted as dacting letters. That is, the hands are depicted by letters. But it is not.
In this language, Dactylology is used to pronounce geographical names, specific terms and names of their own. With its azami, it is very easy to familiarize yourself as there is a well-established alphabet. And you will be able to easily explain with the deaf-and-and-smile, saying the word with the help of signs by letters. The language of gestures for the deaf in Russian Dactylology has 33 dactual signs.
Learn lessons gestures
More detailed information about the deafness language can be found in the book Zaitseva G.L. "Tin speech". We give a more detailed consideration of the most common gestures.
If you wonder the question: "Do I need a healthy person to know this language?", The answer is simple - knowledge is not sometimes a lot, sometimes they are unclaimed. But maybe once, thanks to them, you will be able to help, for example, lost deaf and sound.
In our classes, we have increasingly paid the time of the history of writing. But this time she wanted another, more unusual and modern. So the idea came to the head to tell children about other languages. There are already plans:
Gesture language;
- Spy language;
- programming languages;
- Cipher Braille.
Gestano - language of people with hearing impairment.
Sading people are explained with the help of gestures - quick movements of the hands, accompanied by a busy expression. These gestures, like any other language, need to be learned. They quickly convey information to the interlocutor. Where there are many words who hear requires, for example: we will go through the bridge? ", The deaf is just one gesture.
This feature is also used where it is impossible to hear: under water in divers or in space at astronauts operating outside the spacecraft.
International alphabet gestures. For each language, there is a system of letters or sounds.
Languages \u200b\u200bof deafness gestures differ in different countries. There are telecasts in which the text "translates" for inadvertent. Then in the corner of the screen you can see a speaker that silently gesticulates, i.e. speaks in gestures.
In Russia, more than 13 million deaf and hearing impaired people. The birth of a child with a hearing impairment in the family is a heavy test for both parents and the child himself, who needs special training tools and, importantly, communication with peers and relatives. To joy, the Russian society deaf actively works on this front. Thanks to the activities of its branches, people with hearing impairments are combined and communicate with each other, without feeling excluded from the social process.
There are problems: the lack of educational institutions, where they take into training people with hearing impairments, a lack of survival and tutorials, allowing to master the gesture-gesting language.
Russian sign language - independent language unit that people with hearing impairments are used for communication.
The gesturing language does not consist only of a static figure shown by hand - it also contains a dynamic component (hands move in a certain way and are in a certain position relative to the face) and the mimic component (the expression of the speaker face illustrates the gesture). Also during a conversation on gestano, it is customary to "vote" the lips of the word.
In addition to this, in communication with people with hearing impairments, it is worth being extremely attentive to their posture and involuntary gestures - they can be interpreted incorrectly.
The basis of the gesture language is the dactile (finger) alphabet. Each letter of the Russian language corresponds to a certain gesture (see a picture).
Knowing this alphabet will help at first to overcome the "language barrier" between you and a person with hearing impairment. But dactilization (spelling) is rarely used by deaf in everyday speech. Its main purpose is to pronounce the names of their own, as well as the terms for which the own gesture has not yet been formed.
For most words in Russian gesture, there is a gesture that denotes the word entirely. At the same time, I want to notice that almost all gestures intuitively understandable and very logical. For example:
"Write" - we will take a handle and write on the palm. "Consider" - begin to bend your fingers. "Grandfather" - very reminds his beard, right? Sometimes in gestures for complex concepts, it is simply allowed by the division - as the essence of the subject is accurate.
The structure of the gesture language is not at all complicated. The order of words corresponds to the usual proposals of the Russian language. For prepositions and unions, their dactile gesture is used from one letter (letter from the alphabet). The verbs do not hide and do not inclusion. To designate time, it is enough to give a marker (yesterday, tomorrow, 2 days ago) or put the gesture "was" before the verb.
Like any other language, the Russian gesturing is very alive, all the time changes and seriously varies from the region to the region. The benefits and training materials are updated simply by a turtle rate. Therefore, the recent publication of the tank for children with hearing impairment has become a real event.
The main gestures with which you can communicate with deaf people, fairly elementary:
The main complexity is not even in mastering gestures, but to learn them to "read" from the hands. Gestles are complex - consist of several positions of the brush, following each other. And with unaccustomed it is difficult to divide the end of one gesture and the beginning of another. Therefore, learning gesturing takes no less time than the study of any foreign language, and maybe more.
We often see people with hearing impairments in the subway and on the street, in a cafe. These are funny shining people, completely ordinary, simply having other ways to communicate. Deafness does not prevent them from being happy - have friends, beloved work and family. They can even sing to gesture and dance - yes, yes, people with hearing impairments still hear music,
A brief gesture dictionary will help you, dear reader, master the vocabulary of gesturing speech. This is a small dictionary, it is about 200 gestures. Why were these gestures been selected? Such questions arise inevitably, especially when the volume of the dictionary is small. Our dictionary was created in this way. Since the dictionary is designed primarily for Survival, teachers and educators of schools deaf participated in determining the composition of the Sloven. The author for several years offered to students of the MGZPI, working in boarding schools for the deaf, the list of signs - "candidates" in the dictionary. And he applied to them with a request: to leave on the list only the most necessary for the teacher and the tutor's gestures, the rest to delete. But you can also add a list if required. From the initial list, all gestures were excluded against which more than 50% of expert teachers objected. Conversely, the gestures proposed by experts entered the Slovenian if more than half of them believed that it was advisable.
The gestures included in the dictionary are mainly used in the Russian gesturing speech, and in the calculating gesturing speech. They are grouped by topics. Of course, the assignment of many gestures to one topic or another to a large extent conditionally. The author here followed the tradition of the compilation of thematic dictionaries, and also sought to put in each group gestures denoting both objects and actions, and signs, to be more convenient to talk on a given topic. At the same time, gestures have a solid numbering. If you, the reader, you need to remember, for example, how it is fulfilled to interfere, and you do not know what the thematic group it is necessary to do this. In the end of the dictionary, all gestures (naturally, their verbal designations) are alphabetically arranged, and the sequence of the gesture index will make it easy to find it in the dictionary.
Conditional designations in the drawings will help more precisely understand and reproduce the structure of the gesture.
Wanting you success in learning the vocabulary of gesturing speech, the author is waiting for you, dear reader, proposals for the improvement of a brief gesture dictionary.
Legend
Greetings acquaintance
1. Hello 2. Goodbye
3. Thank you 4. Sorry (those)
Greetings acquaintance
5. Name 6. Profession
7. Specialty 8. Who
Greetings acquaintance
9. What is 10. Where
11. When 12. Where
Greetings acquaintance
13. From 14. Why
15. Why 16. Whose
A FAMILY
17. Man 18. Male
19. Woman 20. Child
21. Semia 22. Father
23. Mother 24.Son
25. Daughter 26. Grandma
27. Grandpa 28. Brother
29. Sister 30. Live
31. Work 32. Respect
33. Care 34. Help
35. Put 36. Friendship
37. Young 38. Old
We accustomed to consider oral speech the only and main language of people. But in addition to her, there are other ways to express words and thoughts. People with impaired hearing for interpersonal communication use language language and facial expressions. It is designed to communicate between deaf people and is called a gesture. The cruel speech is carried out using a visual channel transmission channel. This type of communication is not enough and not yet fully studied. Only in our state, the Russian gesture language uses 2 million people.
In gesture language, information is transmitted from the speaking man to the listener through the movement of hands, eyes or body. It is perceived through the visual channel and has the following properties:
- In a gesture language, the main place is occupied by space around the talking person. When communicating, it affects all levels of language.
- Unlike the sounding words reaching the ears consistently, the deaf language is shown and perceived at the same time. It helps convey more information using one gesture.
There is no universal gesture in the world for deaf-and-dumb people. There are more than 100 gesture languages \u200b\u200bused to communicate between people with a violation of speech and hearing. People who use unequal gestures will not understand each other. Deaf people can, like speaking, teach or forget about the gestures of another country.
The use of gesturing speech every year expands, making from a primitive communication system, a suitable area to express a variety of thoughts and ideas. Weather speech is used in the educational system, on television, video lessons. Russian gesturing language is used only for interpersonal communication people.
In Europe, the deaf language appeared at the beginning of the XVIII century. Before his appearance, the deaf people lived and studied isolated from others. The first deafness school appeared in 1760 in France. The main task of teachers was the teaching of deaf children reading and writing. To solve this problem, an old French sign language was used, which appeared in the deaf-dumb group. It was slightly modified. Specially designed educational gestures were added, which were used to designate grammar. In the training, the "Mimic method" of information transfer was applied when each letter was designated a separate hand gesture.
This learning system later began to be used in Russia. In 1806, the first school was opened in Pavlovsk. And in 1951 the World Federation of Deaf appeared. The organization's participants decided to create a standard gesture language. It was supposed to be used for deaf specialists and public figures participating in the work of the Congress.
To standardize gesturing speech, experts of many countries, analyzing similar gestures used by different nationalities, developed a single language for all. And in 1973, a dictionary of gesturing speech was published, which prepared the World Federation of Deaf.
Shortly thereafter, at the VII Congress of Deafness in America, an international language of deaf, which was used to communicate between deaf people from different countries participating in world-class events was created and approved.
Linguistics gesture language
Despite the established opinion on the tongue of the deaf as a primitive language, it is characterized by a rich vocabulary and not easy to use. A linguistic study was conducted, which proved the presence of elements in the language, which are present in a full-fledged oral speech.
Signs of gestures consist of simple components - Hirim, which do not bear the semantic load. There are 3 elements describing the structure and difference of gestures among themselves:
- Location gesture to the body of the speaker;
The gesture can be used in the neutral space for it, on the same level with a part of the body without contacting it.
- The shape of the hand that performs the gesture;
- Hand move when performing gesture.
The movement of the hand in the space and the movement of the brush or fingers with a constant position of the hand is taken into account.
- The movement of hands in space relative to the body of the speaking or each other.
Gestures are sketchy, come up with communication and have a distinctive connection with the visual designation of the word. The deaf language has its grammar to facilitate communication on versatile topics and is not a visual repetition of the usual language.
Distinctive features of the structure of the gesture language
- Concreteness;
In the gesture there is no generalization limited by a sign of the subject and action. There is not a single gesture in which the words "big" and "go" would be used. Such words are used by different gestures that accurately convey signs or movement of a person.
The gesture is able to depict the subject. Sounds or letters from which there are words that are independent of the characteristics of the subject can be transmitted by special movement of the hand. For example, for the image of the house, the hands show the roof, and they show a handshake for the image of friendship.
The origin of the names of things in speech is sometimes impossible to explain. The origin of gestures to explain is easier, as their history of creating and occurring is known. But even with time it is erased and becomes more schematic.
- Imagery;
Due to the image forming, gestures are easier to remember and assimilate. She makes gestures clearer to communicate deaf people with themselves.
- Syncretism;
Gestures have the property of unity in the transmission of different sounds, but the same as the meaning of the word. For example, fire, fire or video, shooting. An additional signs of the subject are used to designate synonyms in the gesture. For example, it shows the word "draw" and "frame" to designate the picture.
- Amorphism;
The sign language consists of concepts, but it is not able to express such forms of grammar like a case, genus, time, number, view. To do this, the cruel mimic speech is applied, which from a small number of gestures receives ordinary combinations of words. This happens with gluing (agglutination) words in a certain order:
- Man or subject - the designation of action (I am to sleep);
- What is happening - denial (able to - no);
- Designation of the subject - quality;
- The state of the subject or man (the cat is sick, rustier).
- Grammar spatiality.
The cruel speech transmits several phrases and words simultaneously. An expression transmitted in this way contains in addition to gesticulation also non-naughty components. This is the expression of the face of a speaking man, the movement of body parts, look. This type of information transfer is used as intonation in oral speech.
The language of the deaf people has nonlinearity. Grammar is transmitted together with the vocabulary, the gesture can be modified when communicating.
Education to the Russian gesture
To explore the gesture language, you will need as much time for any other language, special video courses will be useful. In addition to the theoretical part, practice is required. Without it, we can not master the tongue. It is much more complicated to understand deaf-and-dumb people than to show something yourself. In test speech, there are words or expressions that are not translated into Russian.
I can study the language of gestures yourself, using video lessons or dictionary. Using video training, you can learn to use in practice when communicating with deaf people such simple, but the necessary words as "thank you", "Sorry", "love". The word "Thank you" in the deaf language is useful in life when meeting with inadvertent people.
On video lessons it is easier to assimilate and remember information, understand how to properly perform the gesture, stretch, repeating movement. Learning the deaf language, with the help of dictionaries, lectures or video lessons solves the following tasks:
- Improving speech skills, using the use of a gesture language;
- Expanding knowledge about the linguistic component of the language;
- The formation of knowledge about the deaf language as a natural form of communication of people, the presence of similar and distinctive characteristics with other languages;
- Familiarization with the history of the occurrence of the language and stages of development;
- Formation of the importance of learning the language and understanding the role of Russian and gesturing speech in society.
Learning a language with the help of a special program or video lesson contributes to the development of communication in different life conditions, with informal communication with friends, parents, unfamiliar people or when congeted in an official situation.
