In complex sentences, in addition to the main clause, there is always a subordinate clause. This second dependent part can play different roles. For example, there is a concessive clause. The features of such proposals will be discussed in this article.

Compound sentence with a subordinate clause

The Russian language is complex and expressive. To enhance or emphasize the description of certain events or phenomena, it is often used with a concessive clause. Usually it contains an indication of a certain condition that could prevent the execution of something described in the main part, but despite this, the action is being done, has been done or can be done. That is, the subordinate concessive is a speech construction containing an unworked reason that could interfere with the action, but did not affect it. You should also know that it is part of a complex sentence, and always acts as a dependent one. For example: "Despite the fact that in many states a social program has been developed to help the poor, poor children continue to beg in the transitions." The main part is "beggar children continue to beg in the passages." The concession is contained in the sentence "despite the fact that many states have developed a social program to help the poor." This part is dependent, since it cannot exist separately without the main one - the thought is not finished and requires disclosure.

If, however, we turn both parts of a complex sentence into simple equivalent units of speech, we get the following: “Many states have developed a social program to help the poor. Beggar children continue to beg in the passageways.” In principle, the meaning of the statement is preserved, but both sentences are contradictory friend, which creates some difficulty in understanding the main idea of ​​the author's statement. It is for the most successful understanding of the meaning, for greater expressiveness and creating a vivid image in speech, complex sentences with subordinate concessions are used. Thanks to such constructions, the main idea of ​​the statement acquires greater emotionality and coloring.

Questions answered by the subordinate clause

During parsing complex sentences the relationship between its parts must be determined. Therefore, it is very important to remember that concessive subordinate clauses answer questions contrary to what? no matter what? in spite of what? and some others. For example: "Contrary to popular belief about the bloodthirstiness of tigers, practice proves otherwise: these animals are able to be sweet, affectionate and obedient, like domestic cats."

Consider the connection: "Practice proves otherwise (contrary to what?) Contrary to popular belief about the bloodthirstiness of tigers." There is a subordinate concession. In a sentence it comes before main part, separated by a comma. You should also know that the subordinate concessive applies to everything main. With dependent sentences of another kind, the situation is different. For example, subordinate clauses of place and time refer only to the predicate of the main part, while attributive clauses refer to a noun, pronoun, or word of another part of speech that performs the function of a noun.

Unions for connecting parts in structures of the type in question

The subordinate clause is attached to the main one with the help of the following unions: despite the fact that, despite the fact that, in spite of, for nothing that, let, let, though, at least. Such constructions are often found in speech. Examples will help to consider the clause subordinate concessive:

1. Even though she was beautiful and smart, no one married a girl.

2. Let it rain outside, there is no reason for children to be locked up!

3. I will fire you, regardless of who your spouse is the headmaster of the school!

4. Despite his rapidly deteriorating vision, Valentine did not stop his experiments.

5. Although spring was already in full swing, our hen did not want to sit on eggs in any way.

6. Even though the wind knocks you down, even if the snow covered the roads, you still need to go to work.

The appearance in the design of another union "but"

Sometimes in the main clause, in addition to the already existing union, the word “but” appears in the subordinate clause. The construction can exist in both cases. However, if there is a “but”, punctuation becomes easier, because everyone knows that this union is always preceded by a comma. For comparison, we can give examples similar to those used above: “Although the wind knocks you down, even if the roads are covered with snow, you still need to go to work” or “Let it rain outside, but there is no reason for children to be locked up.”

For self-testing, a hint is offered, based on the method described above for constructing complex sentences with subordinate concessions. It says: if the union “but” can be substituted into the main part without losing the meaning, then it is required to put a comma before this union. This construction should be defined as a complex sentence with a concession clause.

It is necessary to dwell in more detail on the spelling of the unions “despite” and “regardless”, as well as list the complex unions that include these words.

Consolidated and separate spelling

If a sentence with a concessive clause includes the words “despite” and “despite”, you need to know that they, the name form of the gerund, are written together with the particle “not”. For comparison: "Tanya washed the dishes, not looking towards Valentine." "Despite" in this case is a member of the sentence (circumstance), therefore it is written separately. “Despite feeling unwell, Tanya washed the dishes.” Here the word "despite" is not a member of the sentence, but serves to attach a subordinate concession, therefore it is written together.

To help those who study Russian and have doubts about spelling, you can offer the following hint: if the words “despite” or “despite” have the preposition “on”, then this is a union, and it should be written together with “not”, but here in the absence of such, the use of a gerund is observed, which must be used separately from "not".

Punctuation marks

The construction of the conjunctions “despite” and “regardless of” is often used in order to attach a concessive clause to the main part. Examples: "Despite progress, there are still places on the planet where the standard of living of the population is appallingly low." In such constructions, the union "regardless of" or "despite" is part of the subordinate clause. It should be remembered that the dependent clause is separated from the main clause by a comma.

Signs for conjunctions "despite the fact that" and "despite the fact that"

An extended union construction is often used. Then a comma separation is required. This usually happens when a concessive clause is attached to the main clause with the help of “despite the fact that” or “despite the fact that”. Conjunctions are separated by commas, which are placed before the word "what". For example: "Despite the fact that the couple lived together for more than half a century, they managed to maintain tenderness and mutual understanding."

Attaching a subordinate concession with allied words

Along with the unions listed above, there is another way to attach the dependent part of the sentence. For attachment, they are often used in combination with the particle “neither”, for example: no matter what, whatever, no matter how much. Usually adverbs also play this role.

By the way, the presence of the intensifying particle “neither” once again emphasizes the accentuating role of the subordinate concession, as was mentioned at the beginning of the article. When writing these allied words with particles, “neither” and “not” should not be confused. Examples: "No matter how much Tatyana cried on winter evenings, Evgeny's attitude towards her did not change for the better." We see a complex sentence with a subordinate clause of concession, which is joined by the allied word "how much" with an intensifying particle "neither". "Tatyana did not cry anymore, and Yevgeny's attitude towards her began to change for the better." This particle "not" with a verb is used for negation.

Differences between a subordinate clause and a separate circumstance of assignment

Sometimes you can find constructions of sentences that are extremely similar in meaning to each other. However, when parsing they should be distinguished. These are compound sentences, which include dependent concessive clauses, and simple ones, where the concession is expressed using The difficulty of distinguishing between these structures lies in the fact that the dependent part of the complex sentence and isolated member answer the same question. To make this idea clearer, let's look at some examples.

1. “Despite the fact that all the members of the expedition laughed and joked, the feeling of anxiety did not leave Alexei ...” concessive “despite the fact that everyone laughed and joked”, to which the following question can be asked: “Despite what?” As evidence, we single out the main members of the sentence in this dependent part of the complex: “members of the expedition” - the subject, “joking” and “laughing” - homogeneous predicates.

2. "Despite the laughter and jokes of all the members of the expedition, the feeling of anxiety did not leave Alexei ...". with the subject "feeling of anxiety" and the predicate "did not leave." The concession is present in isolated circumstance“despite the laughter and jokes of all the members of the expedition”, which, like the subordinate clause, answers the question “despite what?”

In order to avoid mistakes when writing texts, you should remember: the subordinate clause of concession is separated by commas; parts of the unions "despite" and "despite" are written together; with allied words, the intensifying particle "ni" is used.

NGN with subordinate concessions

Subordinate clauses indicate a fact that contradicts the content of the main part; the event referred to in the subordinate part should have led to results opposite to those referred to in the main part, but did not lead, that is, they contain an indication of the condition, contrary to which what is said in the main part of the sentence occurs: I persuaded Shakro to go along the coast, although it was the longest way.(M. G.).

Subordinate concessions are attached to the main part by one of the concessive unions (although; in spite of the fact that; despite the fact that; let; let; for nothing) or combinations of relative adverbs how, how much with particle neither.

And depending on what exactly the subordinate part is attached to the main part, there are shades of concessive meaning.

The broadest concessive meaning is also expressed in sentences with conjunctions although; although: He looks neat and clean, despite the fact that his clothes are pretty worn.(Fedoseev). In such cases, the subordinate part takes a postposition.

If the subordinate part with the same unions occupies a preposition, then a concessive-opposite relationship is expressed in a complex sentence. This is especially pronounced in cases where main part has an adversarial union but or but: Although I felt very tight and uncomfortable in my new dress, however, I hid it from everyone.(L. Tolstoy); Although it was still early, the gates were locked.(Korolenko). Sentences of this type can be considered transitional (between submission and composition).

Subordinate parts with unions let, let have a connotation of "conscious assumption". For example: Even if you feel sad, don't lower your head(Lebedev-Kumach). The subordinate clauses with these conjunctions are usually used in preposition.

Adventitious, attached with the help of combinations no matter how much clearly express a generalizing-concessive (or intensifying-concessive) meaning: No matter how Pantelei Prokofievich protected himself from all sorts of difficult experiences, he soon had to go through a new shock.(Sholokhov); But no matter how much Sasha thought, nothing came to his mind(Popov).

The opposition of the messages of the main and subordinate parts of the sentence, which is available in complex sentences with subordinate concessions, makes them related to the SSP with adversative relations. However, the components of the latter are more equal in rights, they do not have a shade of conditionality. Wed .: It was dark, but we did not stop searching. Although it was dark, we did not stop searching.

Among complex sentences with a concessive clause, those that indicate the ultimate manifestation of what is reported in them are distinguished, they are called generalized concessive. Wed: Although the morning was beautiful, we did not leave for the field so early.(Ax.). - Fine as it was in the morning, we did not leave for the field so early. In the second sentence, the subordinate clause says that the sign has been brought to the limit, and, despite this, the result is the opposite of what one should expect.

Generalized concessive sentences include pronominal words how, where, where, who, what, how much etc. with particle nor: No matter how useful a thing is, without knowing its price, the ignorant about it all tend to the worst(Cr.); But no matter how much they left her alone, she could no longer be calm ( L. T.).

Note. The same combinations can be included in the subordinate parts of sentences that specify the generalized member of the main part of the sentence. Such offers are not concessive, it is impossible to replace the amplifying turnover with neither union although: Wherever you turn your eyes, everywhere you meet either water or stones(Bat.).

With a particle does not matter and introductory word truth, syntactically specialized words, a concessive shade of meaning is introduced into various types of NGN, SSP and BSS: Whether they kill him tomorrow morning, or laugh at him, that is, leave him this life, he still died, Whether this disgraced woman kills herself out of shame and despair, or drags out her miserable existence, she still died(Chekhov).

Non-free designs. There are several non-free models that are characteristic of lively colloquial speech. The meaning of the concession in them is not so clearly expressed - it is complicated by other meanings. The union in them is close to a particle and acts in the form though(can be lowered, moved).

a) In prepositive clauses and in main predicates, they are expressed in the form of the imperative mood. For example: Call it a pot, just don't put it in the oven(Proverb). Such proposals express agreement with one action for the sake of another not being (or being) carried out. Wed: Don't do anything at all, just don't bother me; Don't sleep all night, but do it etc. Presence of an adversarial conjunction or particle only, acting here as a restrictive-adversative union, is also mandatory for such proposals.

b) In subordinate clauses - imperative mood, and in main ones - indicative (usually a form of the future tense): Even if you invent a monkey for them, they will not be surprised(N. Uspensky). Subordinate clauses in such sentences have a connotation close to the meaning expressed in sentences with words even: contain an indication of extreme, hyperbolic conditions that prevent the action of the main ones, but cannot cancel this action. Phraseological phrases are not subordinate clauses, but are expressive forms of strengthening the affirmation or denial: at least kill, at least, die, cut: For the life of me, no trace is visible; strayed we. (Pushkin).

Adverbial concessions answer the question "in spite of what?". The subordinate clauses refer to the entire main part, are introduced with the help of unions INSPITE OF WHAT, FOR FREE WHAT, LET, LET. The subordinate part can be anywhere in relation to the main part. Despite the fact that the swallow was not a mount, she agreed to transport Thumbelina to the land of the elves.

It is possible to put a comma inside the union DESPITE WHAT, but it still remains a single union. If the clause is in preposition, the union is not dismembered.

There is another kind of subordinate concession - generalized concessive sentences, which emphasize the irrefutability of what is reported in the main part, despite the persuasiveness of the arguments contained in the subordinate clause. This type uses allied words WHAT, WHO, WHAT, HOW MUCH, WHERE and others in combination with the particle NI: Whoever offered Thumbelina marriage, she refused everyone. The girl could not convince herself of the need for marriage with a mole, no matter what she told herself.

NGN with comparative clauses

Comparative clauses answer the question "like what?". The subordinate clauses refer to the entire main part, are introduced with the help of unions AS, AS IF, AS LIKE, EXACTLY, AS IF, AS IF, and others. The subordinate part can be anywhere in relation to the main part, but more often it will be in postposition. The wings went to Thumbelina, as if she was born with them. The mole and the mouse stood motionless and looked at the flying Thumbelina, as if they wanted to remember her forever.

In this type of subordinate clause, there are also varieties.

Firstly, comparative comparative sentences are distinguished - sentences where the subordinate clause is introduced by the conjunctions THAN, NOT and is attached conditionally to the words "other", "other", "differently", "differently", "otherwise". From a bird's eye view, the earth seemed different than Thumbelina was used to seeing it. The mole perceived the world differently than we see it.

Secondly, comparative clauses are distinguished with conjunctions AS WELL AS (undivided), CHEMTEM. In these sentences, the parts are compared with each other more closely than just in comparative sentences, the situations being compared influence each other: As Thumbelina and the swallow flew up to the land of the elves, more and more smelled of outlandish flowers (the same sentence can use the union CHEMTEM, the first part of the part will include the part of THAN and will be subordinate).

Synopsis of the lesson of the Russian language in the 9th grade (authors of the textbook: L.A. Trostentsova, T.A. Ladyzhenskaya, A.D. Deykina, O.M. Aleksandrova). Lesson topic: Complex sentences with subordinate causes, conditions and concessions.

Target: the formation of skills: 1) determine the structure of a complex sentence with subordinate clauses reasons, conditions and concessions, distinguish these types of subordinate clauses from other types; 2) correctly place punctuation marks in complex sentences with the studied subordinate clauses; 3) to determine the stylistic features of the unions connecting the subordinate clauses with the main ones.

Organizing time.

Checking homework.

A coherent story about complex sentences with subordinate clauses of place and time.

Consolidation of the topic "Complex sentences with subordinate clauses of place and time." Task: write down a sentence and do a syntactic analysis:I kept my eyes on the fortress until it disappeared around the corner.

Presentation of the topic and objectives of the lesson.

Learning new material.

Work with the textbook. Students consider schemes of complex sentences with the meaning of conditionality, name the types of these sentences, means of communication; read the theoretical material on pages 84-85; make up a scheme of a complex sentence with a subordinate clausethe reasons:

why? from what? for what reason?

, (unionsbecause, because, since, for )

Doing exercises. Exercise 131: write out complex sentences in three groups with a subordinate clause of reason, which stands: 1) after the main, 2) before the main, 3) in the middle of the main.

Students read the theoretical material on page 89, draw up a diagram of a complex sentence with a subordinate clauseconditional :

under what condition?

, (unionsif, when, if )

Doing exercises. Exercise 138 orally (along the chain). Make schemes of 1,4,5,7 sentences (on the board).

Conclusions (teacher's comment):

Conditional clauses apply to the entire main clause; only unions serve as a means of communication between the main and subordinate parts.

Subordinate clauses can take any place in relation to the main clause.

View subordinate clause can be determined with a question.

The most common unionif .

Reading the theoretical material on pages 91-92, drawing up a diagram of a complex sentence with a subordinate clauseconcessions .

in spite of what?

, (unionsalthough, let, let, despite , combinationsno matter how much, no matter who ).

Doing exercises. Ex. 144 in writing (even sentences - 1st option, odd sentences - 2nd option). Mutual verification.

Consolidation of the studied material.

Construction of NGN with subordinate conditions and concessions (oral):

A) complete the main sentences subordinate conditions:

Nice to get away from the city...

The machine ... can last another ten years.

B) complete the subordinate clauses with the main clauses:

If a goat night on an unfamiliar road ...

If the museum is open tomorrow...

C) complete the incomplete sentences:

Everyone is in a great mood, despite the fact that…

In March, the snow usually melts, although…

Test tasks.

A) Indicate a complex sentence with a concessive clause.

In the spring, when nature comes to life, you feel an extraordinary surge of strength.

He realized then that Levinson wanted to check the combat readiness of the detachment.

Despite the fact that it was sunny, we did not go to the park.

I sat down on the bench so as not to fall.

B) Indicate a complex sentence with a subordinate clause.

I had the feeling that I was wrong about something.

If the team of our school wins tomorrow's match, it will advance to the final.

I looked at the fortress and tried to guess what story is connected with it.

Complex work with text. "Preparing for the OGE."

Exercise. Read the text, explain spelling and punctuation, determine the topic and main idea of ​​the text.

Write down complex sentences with subordinate conditions, make their schemes.

True friendship helps a lot .. it goes both in sorrow and in joy . In joy, you also need help (?) to feel happiness .. e to the depths of your soul, to feel and share it (?) Xia. Indivisible (n, nn) ​​joy is not joy. Happiness spoils a person if he experiences it alone. When the time of misfortune comes, the time of loss again (?), you can’t be alone. Woe to a man if he is alone. Therefore, take care of youth until old age. Appreciate all the good things that you acquired in your youth, do not squander the wealth of youth.

There is a Russian proverb: "Take care of honor from a young age." All the deeds committed in youth remain in the memory. The good ones will please the bad ones - do not let them sleep! (according to D.S. Likhachev).

VI. Summary of the lesson.

VII. Homework.

Theoretical material textbook on the topic.

Ex. 151 (verbal)

Composition - reasoning (at least 50 words) "What is friendship" using complex sentences with adverbial clauses.