How transcription is indicated in English. How to read and pronounce English transcription

This is exactly how beginners look at first when they try to hear the pronunciation of their English interlocutor. And this is not surprising, because s Wookiees of the English language are an important point in learning. Language is a means of communication, primarily orally. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to its sound structure. In this lesson, we will look at the sounds of the English language and find out what transcription is.

Transcription is a written image of the sounds of a language using special signs, with the goal of accurately conveying pronunciation. With its help, you can record the sound of any word, regardless of its belonging to any language. That is, having dealt with transcription once, you will never lose this skill and will be able to use it when learning other languages.

Basic conventions:

• Transcription is usually given in square brackets [...] ... Sounds that may not be pronounced are marked in parentheses. (...) .
• The transcription of the English language also helps in the correct formulation of stress in words. There are two types of stress, and both are indicated in the transcription. The first is the main stress ( main stress), unlike the Russian language, is placed not above the stressed syllable, but in front of it from above. Second stress - additional ( secondary stress) is placed before the stressed syllable below [‘,] .
• A long sound is indicated [:] colon.

In the last lesson, we learned that in English language 26 letters, of which 6 are vowels and 20 consonants. It is very important to feel the difference between letter and sound. We write and read letters, but we pronounce and hear sounds. Therefore, the next thing we have to remember is that 26 letters of the English language convey 44 sounds.

26 letters = 44 sounds:

• 20 consonants - convey 24 consonants sound,
• 6 vowel letters - transmit 20 vowel sounds.

Transcriptional signs of sounds of the English language

Reading transcriptions or pronunciation of sounds in English.

Now let's figure out how these sounds are pronounced. Take a close look at these tables. They will help you a lot in the future.

Vowel sounds

Sound	Description
[i]	Reminds Russian [and]. Brief. When pronouncing, the tip of the tongue is at the base of the lower teeth.
[ i:]	Reminds Russian [and] in the word willow... Long. The length of the sound, like all long vowels, changes depending on the position in the word. This sound longest at the end of a word before a pause, somewhat shorter before a voiced consonant, and rather short before a voiceless consonant.
[ e]	Sounds like [uh] words these, tin... Brief. When pronouncing, the tip of the tongue is at the lower teeth. The lips are slightly stretched. The lower jaw should not be lowered.
[æ]	Reminds Russian [e] in the word this... Brief. When pronouncing, the lips are slightly stretched, the lower jaw is lowered, the tip of the tongue touches the lower teeth.
[ǝ]	It is called a neutral vowel and is the result of a reduction, i.e. weakening of vowels in an unstressed position. It is something between the sounds [e] and [a].
[ɒ]	Reminds Russian [o]. Brief. When pronouncing, the organs of speech occupy the same position as when pronouncing a sound, the lips are rounded and pushed forward.
[ɔ:]	Reminds Russian [o]. Long. When pronouncing, the organs of speech occupy the same position as when pronouncing a sound, the lips are rounded and pushed forward.
[ a:]	Reminds Russian [a]. Long. When pronouncing English [a], the mouth is open almost like for Russian [a]. The tip of the tongue is pulled away from the lower teeth. The lips are neutral. It is slightly shortened before a voiced consonant, and significantly before a voiceless consonant.
[ʌ]	Reminds Russian [a] in words what, bass... Brief. When pronouncing, the tongue is pushed back, the lips are slightly stretched, the distance between the jaws is quite large.
[ ʊ ]	Reminds Russian [y]. Brief. When pronouncing, the lips almost do not move forward, but noticeably rounded. The tongue is pulled back.
[ u:]	Reminds Russian [y]. Long. When pronouncing, the lips are strongly rounded, but much less pushed forward than when pronouncing Russian [y]. Longer than the Russian equivalent. Often this sound is preceded by the sound [j]. When pronouncing the sound combination, care must be taken that the sound is not softened.
[ɜ:]	It remotely resembles Russian [ё]. Long. When pronouncing, the body of the tongue is raised, the lips are maximally tense and slightly stretched, slightly exposing the teeth, the distance between the jaws is small.

Consonant sounds

Sound	Description
[ b]	Reminds Russian [b]. Voiced.
[ p]	Reminds Russian [n]. Pronounced aspirated, especially noticeable before the stressed vowel. Deaf.
[ d]	Reminds Russian [d]. When pronouncing, the tip of the tongue is raised and pressed against the alveoli (the bumpy area behind the upper teeth). Voiced.
[ t]	Reminds Russian [t]. When pronouncing, the tip of the tongue is raised and pressed against the alveoli (the bumpy area behind the upper teeth). Pronounced aspirated before vowels. Deaf.
[ g]	Reminds Russian [g]. Pronounced less tensely. Not stunned at the end of a word.
[ k]	Reminds Russian [k]. Pronounced aspirated.
[ j]	Reminds Russian [th]. Always precedes a vowel.
[ m]	Reminds Russian [m]. When pronouncing, the lips are closed more tightly than when pronouncing the corresponding Russian [m], the air comes out through the nose.
[n]	Reminds Russian [n]. When pronouncing, the tip of the tongue is raised and pressed against the alveoli (the bumpy area behind the upper teeth).
[ l]	Reminds Russian [l]. When pronouncing, the tip of the tongue is raised and pressed against the alveoli (bumpy area behind the upper teeth), the lateral edges of the tongue are lowered.
[ r]	Reminds Russian [p]. When pronouncing, the tip of the tongue is behind the alveoli. The tongue is tense, and the tip is immobile. Pronounced without vibration.
[ s]	Reminds Russian [s]. When pronouncing, the tip of the tongue is against the alveoli. Deaf.
[ z]	Reminds Russian [z]. When pronouncing, the tip of the tongue is against the alveoli. Voiced.
[ʃ]	Reminiscent of Russian [w]. Softer compared to the Russian counterpart, but care should be taken that it does not become really soft. Deaf
[ tʃ]	Reminds Russian [h]. Pronounced harder than its Russian counterpart. Pronounced by touching the tip of the tongue to the alveoli. Deaf.
[ dƷ]	Reminds Russians [j]. Pronounced in the same way, but only loudly with a voice.
[ŋ]	Reminds Russian [n]. In order to pronounce the sound correctly, you need to inhale through your nose with your mouth wide open, and then make the sound [ŋ], exhaling air through your nose.
[ θ ]	There are no analogues in Russian. Distantly resembles Russian [c]. Deaf (no voice). When pronouncing, the tongue is spread over the lower teeth and is not tense. The tip of the tongue forms a narrow gap with the upper teeth. Air passes through this gap. The tip of the tongue should not protrude too much and press against the upper teeth. The teeth are bared, especially the lower ones. The lower lip does not touch the upper teeth.
[ð]	There are no analogues in Russian. It remotely resembles Russian [z]. Voiced (with voice). The organs of speech occupy the same position as the pronunciation of the sound [θ].
[ f]	Reminds Russian [f]. When pronouncing, the lower lip is slightly pressed against the upper teeth. Pronounced more energetically than the corresponding Russian [f]. Deaf.
[ v]	Reminds Russian [in]. When pronouncing, the lower lip is slightly pressed against the upper teeth. Voiced.
[ w]	It resembles a combination of Russian sounds [uv]. When pronouncing, the lips are rounded and significantly extended forward. A jet of exhaled air passes through a circular gap formed between the lips. The lips are parted vigorously.
[ h]	It resembles Russian [x], but unlike it, without the participation of the language. In English, it occurs only before vowels and represents a light, barely audible exhalation.
[Ʒ]	It resembles the Russian sound [w]. Softer than the Russian counterpart. Voiced.

Diphthongs (two-vowels)

Two-vowel sounds (diphthongs)- they consist of two sounds, but pronounced as one whole, the second sound is pronounced a little weaker.

Sound	Description
[ ei]	Reminds of Russian sounds [hey]. Care should be taken that the second element of the diphthong does not turn into the sound [th].
[ ai]	Reminds Russian sounds [ay] in a word tea... Care should be taken that the second element of the diphthong does not turn into the sound [th].
[ɔ i]	Reminds of Russian sounds [oh]. Care should be taken that the second element of the diphthong does not turn into the sound [th].
[ɛǝ]	Reminds of Russian sounds [ea].
[ jʊǝ]	Reminds of Russian sounds [Iue].
[ aʊǝ]	Reminds of Russian sounds [aue].
[ aʊ]	Reminds of Russian sounds [ay].
[ ǝʊ ]	Reminds Russian [eu]. It starts with a vowel, which is something in between the Russian [o] and [e]. When pronouncing, the lips are slightly stretched and rounded.
[ iǝ]	Reminds of Russian sounds [ie].

Sound combinations

Sound	Description
[ pl]	[pl]. Pronounced in one voice before a stressed vowel. The sound [p] is pronounced so energetically that the sound [l] is deafened.
[ kl]	Reminds of Russian sounds [cl]. As well as, before the stressed vowel, it is pronounced together, and the sound [k] is pronounced more energetically, that the sound [l] is partially deafened.
[ aiǝ]	Reminds me of [ae]. When pronouncing, make sure that the sound [j] is not heard in the middle of this sound combination.
[ auǝ]	Reminds me of [aue]. When pronouncing, be careful not to hear the [w] sound in the middle of this combination.
	When pronouncing, the [w] sound is not softened, and the [ǝ:] sound is not replaced by the Russian [e] or [o].

Also, these tables are in a compact form in the spoller (button below), if it is convenient for you, you can print them for study.

A graphical record of how the letters of the English alphabet or a word sound through a sequence of corresponding characters is transcription of english words.

Pronunciation table of English consonants
Phonetic transcription
	b ad, b ox	ringing sound corresponding to Russian [b] in the word b rat
	o p en, p et	a dull sound corresponding to Russian [n] in the word NS ero but aspirated
	d i d, d ay	sonorous sound similar to Russian [d] in the word d ohm but more energetic, "sharper"; when pronouncing it, the tip of the tongue rests against the alveoli
	t ea, t ake	a dull sound corresponding to Russian [t] in the word T yermos, but pronounced aspirated, with the tip of the tongue resting on the alveoli
	v oice, v isit	sonorous sound corresponding to Russian [v] in the word v osc but more energetic
	f ind, f ine	a dull sound corresponding to Russian [f] in the word f inik but more energetic
	z oo, ha s	sonorous sound corresponding to Russian [z] in the word s ima
	s un, s ee	a dull sound corresponding to Russian [s] in the word with silt but more energetic; when pronouncing, the tip of the tongue is raised to the alveoli
	g ive, g o	sonorous sound corresponding to Russian [g] in the word G irya but pronounced softer
	c at, c an	a dull sound corresponding to Russian [k] in the word To mouth but pronounced more energetically and aspirated
[ ʒ]	vi si on, plea sur e	sonorous sound corresponding to Russian [w] in the word f macaw but pronounced harder and softer
[ ʃ]	sh e, Ru ss ia	a dull sound corresponding to the Russian [w] in the word NS ina, but pronounced softer, for which you need to raise the middle part of the back of the tongue to the hard palate
	y ellow, y ou	a sound similar to the Russian sound [th] in the word th od but pronounced more energetically and tensely
	l itt l e, l ike	sound similar to Russian [l] in a word l isa, but you need the tip of the tongue to touch the alveoli
	m an, m erry	sound similar to Russian [m] in a word m ir but more energetic; when pronouncing it, you need to close your lips tighter
	n o, n ame	sound similar to Russian [n] in a word n wasps, but when pronouncing it, the tip of the tongue touches the alveoli, and the soft palate is lowered, and air passes through the nose
	si ng, fi ng er	a sound in which the soft palate is lowered and touches the back of the tongue while air passes through the nose. Pronounced as Russian [ng] is wrong; there should be a nasal sound
	r ed, r abbit	a sound when pronounced with the raised tip of the tongue you need to touch the middle part of the palate, above the alveoli; tongue does not vibrate
	h elp, h ow	sound reminiscent of Russian [x] as in the word NS aos, but almost silent (barely audible exhalation), for which it is important not to press the tongue to the palate
	w et, w inter	a sound similar to very quickly pronounced Russian [ue] in a word Ue ls; in this case, the lips need to be rounded and pushed forward, and then vigorously moved apart
	j ust, j ump	sound similar to [j] in Russian loanword j ins, but more energetic and softer. Cannot be pronounced separately [d] and [ʒ]
	ch eck, mu ch	sound similar to Russian [h] in a word h ace but harder and more intense. Cannot be pronounced separately [t] and [ʃ]
	th is, th ey	a sonorous sound, when pronounced, the tip of the tongue must be placed between the upper and lower teeth and then quickly removed. Do not pinch the flat tongue with your teeth, but push it slightly into the gap between them. This sound (since it is voiced) is pronounced with the participation of the vocal cords. Similar to Russian [h] interdental
	th ink, seven th	a dull sound that is pronounced the same as [ð], but without a voice. Similar to Russian [c] interdental

Pronunciation table for simple English vowels
Phonetic transcription		Approximate matches in Russian
	c a t, bl a ck	short sound, middle between the Russian sounds [a] and [e]. To get this sound, you need to open your mouth wide while pronouncing Russian [a], and put your tongue low. To pronounce simply Russian [eh] is wrong
[ ɑ:]	ar m, f a ther	a long sound, similar to Russian [a], but much longer and deeper. When pronouncing it, you need to yawn, as it were, but not open your mouth wide, while pulling your tongue back
[ ʌ]	c u p, r u n	short sound similar to Russian unstressed [a] in the word witha dy... To get this sound, while pronouncing Russian [a], you need to barely open your mouth, while stretching your lips a little and pushing your tongue back a little. To pronounce simply Russian [a] is wrong
[ ɒ]	n o t, h o t	short sound similar to Russian [o] in a word dO m, but when pronouncing it, you need to completely relax your lips; for Russian [o] they are slightly tense
[ ɔ:]	sp o rt, f ou r	a long sound, similar to Russian [o], but much longer and deeper. When pronouncing it, you need to yawn, as it were, half-open your mouth, and tighten and round your lips
	a bout, a lias	the sound, which is often found in Russian, is always in an unstressed position. In English, this sound is also always unstressed. It does not have a clear sound, and it is spoken of as an obscure sound (it cannot be replaced by any clear sound)
	m e t, b e d	a short sound similar to Russian [e] under stress in words such as NS ti, ple d etc. English consonants before this sound cannot be softened
[ ɜː]	w or k, l ear n	there is no such sound in Russian, and it is very difficult to pronounce. Reminds Russian sound in words me d, sve kla, but you need to pull it much longer and at the same time stretch your lips strongly without opening your mouth (you get a skeptical smile)
[ ɪ]	i t, p i t	a short sound similar to a Russian vowel in a word NSand be... You need to pronounce it abruptly
	h e, s ee	a long sound, similar to Russian [and] under stress, but longer, and they pronounce it as if with a smile, stretching their lips. A close Russian sound is found in the word poemui
[ ʊ]	l oo k, p u t	a short sound that can be compared to Russian unstressed [y], but it is pronounced energetically and with completely relaxed lips (lips cannot be pulled forward)
	bl u e, f oo d	a long sound, quite similar to the Russian percussion [y], but still not the same. To make it work, you need, while pronouncing Russian [y], not to pull your lips into a tube, not to push them forward, but to round and smile slightly. Like other long English vowels, it needs to be pulled much longer than Russian [y]

Diphthong pronunciation table
Phonetic transcription		Approximate matches in Russian
	f i ve, ey e	diphthong, similar to a combination of sounds in Russian words ah and hah
[ ɔɪ]	n oi se, v oi ce	Somehow. The second element, the sound [ɪ], is very short
	br a ve, afr ai d	diphthong, similar to a combination of sounds in the Russian word NSher ka... The second element, the sound [ɪ], is very short
	t ow n, n ow	diphthong, similar to a combination of sounds in the Russian word withay on... The first item is the same as in; second element, sound [ʊ], very short
[ə ʊ]	h o me, kn ow	diphthong, similar to a combination of sounds in the Russian word clOU n, if you do not pronounce it deliberately in syllables (while the consonance resembles eu ). To pronounce this diphthong as a pure Russian consonance [oh] is wrong
[ ɪə]	d ea r, h e re	diphthong, similar to a combination of sounds in the Russian word such; consists of short sounds [ɪ] and [ə]
	wh e re, th e re	diphthong, similar to the combination of sounds in the Russian word long-necked, if you do not pronounce it syllables. Behind the sound reminiscent of Russian [e] in the word NS then followed by the second element, an unclear short sound [ə]
[ ʊə]	t ou r, p oo r	a diphthong in which [ʊ] is followed by the second element, an obscure short sound [ə]. When pronouncing [ʊ], the lips must not be pulled forward

Undoubtedly - under study transcription of English pretty boring. After all, this is a set of symbols that you just need to memorize, as they say "by the teeth". Therefore, this process does not cause much enthusiasm for the majority of students. Some people even prefer to give up the idea of ​​studying this important aspect- the transcription looks very boring and not very much in demand in practice.

However, believe me, if you still decide and devote some of your time to this topic, then you will understand how right you did. Indeed, in this case, further learning of the English language will be much easier, if only because knowledge of transcription will make it easier for you to perceive new words.

Why is it important to learn the transcription of words in English?

The fact is that, unlike Russian and Ukrainian languages, where most letters in words always denote the same sound, in English the same letters, which may even appear in the same word, will be read differently.

For example, the English letter "C" in various situations can be read both as "C" and as "K". And the English letter "U" can be read both as "A" and as "U". The English letter "A" in various words can be transmitted as "A", and as "Hey", and as "E". And that's not all - about the same situation with other letters of the English language.

Therefore, in order to be able to read a new English word correctly, as well as remember it and be able to apply it in practice, you just need to learn the rules transcription of English words... Only in this way will learning English be truly effective and productive.

Learn transcription of English words

Of course, it would be foolish to say that after spending 15 minutes studying the rules of transcription, you will be able to read and study on your own. English words and still have perfect pronunciation. Of course it is not. And you will have to spend much more time on transcription, and it will not immediately turn out to accurately apply the knowledge gained. At first, difficulties and mistakes are not excluded, but each time they will become less and less. It will take some time, and you will even be able to independently perform (record by ear) the transcription of words.

Where and how to learn English and the transcription of its words?

Of course in modern world there are all conditions to get any knowledge. You can even do self-study, stocking up on a mountain teaching aids... However, as practice shows, the learning process is much easier if there is a "live" personal contact, a mentor in teaching and a well-built educational process... Therefore, if you want to most effectively engage in language learning, we recommend enrolling in an English language course.

Thus, you will be able to receive data correctly systematized for the best perception and memorization, as well as support at all stages of training. This approach is also good because it is on the courses that English learns the fastest.

Our school of English in Kiev (suburb, Vishnevoe, Sofievskaya Borshagovka, Boyarka, Petrovskoe, Belogorodka) offers to start teaching English right now - without postponing and for later. Come and see - everyone can speak English here!

Hello, potential student of the Native English School!

Study of any foreign language impossible without learning its alphabet. But memorizing letters without understanding how they sound and are used in words is meaningless. It is the knowledge of phonetics that is one of the most significant stages of mastering the language. This is especially important when the person is onlystarts learning English and the correct pronunciation of sounds, letters and, accordingly, words is a basic skill.

English letters and their sounds

In English - 26 letters:

6 vowels- a, e, i, o, u, y;

21 consonants- b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, z.

“How so? - you say - twenty-one plus six equals twenty-seven! " That's right, but the fact is that the letter "y" is both a vowel and a consonant. So decided the academics who compose and edit the Oxford Dictionary - one of the most important dictionaries in the English language. Let's take a look at the English alphabet with transcription and pronunciation in Russian. Read on!

First, to read sounds in English, you need to know how they are written. We can help you find out in more detail at, but now we will return to the article and try to figure it out, but they are written in square brackets - this is called phonetic transcription. English has vowel and consonant sounds. Just as in Russian, vowels are pronounced with an open mouth, and consonants with a closed mouth.

Pronunciation table of English sounds

In some words, the number of letters and sounds may differ. For example, in the word help (help) - 4 letters and 4 sounds, but in the word six (six) - three letters, but 4 sounds. Each letter has its own sound, but there are concepts in English such as digraphs- these are two letters denoting one sound: gh [g] - ghost (ghost), ph [f] - photo ['foutou] (photo), sh [ʃ] - shine [ʃaɪn] (shine), th [ð] or [θ] - think [θɪŋk] (to think), сh - chess (chess) and diphthongs- vowel sounds passing from one to another: ea - bread (bread), ie - friend (friend), ai - again [əˈɡen] (again), au - autumn [ˈɔːtəm] (autumn), etc.

It is worth noting that digraphs and diphthongs are read differently depending on which part the words are in. For example, gh is not pronounced in the middle of a word: light (light), and at the end it sometimes sounds like "f": enough [ı'nʌf] (enough); oo can be pronounced as a long [ʋ:], "y" in Russian: moon (moon), short [ʋ]: good (good), as a short [ʌ], similar to "a" in Russian: blood (blood ), but together with "r" it is completely different, like [ʋə]: poor (poor).

Transcription- This is a written image of the sounds of the language with the help of special signs, with the goal of accurately conveying the pronunciation. International transcription is used as the main one. With her help, you can record the sound of any word, regardless of its belonging to any language.

International phonetic alphabet(eng. International Phonetic Alphabet, abbr. IPA; fr. Alphabet phonetique international, abbr. API) - a system of characters for recording transcription based on the Latin alphabet. Designed and maintained by the International Phonetic Association IPA, the characters for the IPA have been chosen to harmonize with Latin alphabet... Therefore, most of the characters are letters of the Latin and Greek alphabets or their modifications. Many British dictionaries, including educational dictionaries such as Oxford Advanced Learner "s Dictionary and Cambridge Advanced Learner "s Dictionary, now use the international phonetic alphabet to convey the pronunciation of words. However, most American publications (and some British ones) use their own designations, which are considered more intuitive for readers unfamiliar with the IPA.
The colon after the sign means that the sound is long and you need to pronounce it a little longer. In English dictionaries, there are two types of stress, main and secondary, and both are placed before the stressed syllable. In the transcription, the main stress is placed at the top - [... ʹ ...], and the secondary below [... ͵ ...]. Both types of stress are used in polysyllabic and compound words. It is also worth mentioning that there are rules under which some sounds and letters are not pronounced. In transcription, they are placed in parentheses - [.. (..) ..].

Transcription signs

used in suggested dictionaries and articles with examples of pronunciation

Vowel sounds
	Close to spinner and in the word and wa	f ee l
[ı]	Close to short and in the word and gla	f i ll
[e]	The transcription mark is similar to NS in the word this is	f e ll
[æ]	- average between a and NS... Open your mouth as for utterance a, try to pronounce NS.	c a t
[ɑ:]	Long sound ah: d ah th	c a rt
[ɒ]	Brief O in the word T O T	c o t
[ɔ:]	Reminiscent of a drawn out O in the word NS O well	f a ll
[ɜ:]	Long sound, in between O and: uh... Reminds e in the word G e those	c u rt
[ə]	Short, indistinct, unstressed sound. In Russian, it is heard in unstressed syllables: five room a T	b a nan a
[ʌ]	Close to unstressed a in the word To a mouse.In English, it is usually under stress	c u t
[ʋ]	Close to sound at in the word T at T	f u ll
	Close to sound at, pronounced lingeringly: at-clever	f oo l
	Close to Russian ah in the word B ah feces	f i le
	her in the word NS her ka	f ai l
[ɔı]	Oh in the word b Oh nya	f oi l
	ay in the word NS ay per	f ou l
[əʋ]		f oa l
[ıə]	Combination [ı] and [ə] with emphasis on [ı]. Approximately Ie	t ie r
[ʋə]	Combination [ʋ] and [ə] with emphasis on [ʋ] Approx. Ue	t ou r
	The first element of the combination is close to NS in the word NS that... It is followed by a cursory sound [ə] ... The combination is roughly pronounced Ea	t ea r

corresponding. Russian NS

Consonant sounds
[p]	p ier
[t]	corresponding. Russian T	t ier
[b]	corresponding. Russian b	b eer
[d]	corresponding. Russian d	d eer
[m]	corresponding. Russian m	m ere
[n]	corresponding. Russian n	n ear
[k]	corresponding. Russian To	ba k e
[l]	corresponding. Russian l	l eer
[g]	corresponding. Russian G	g ear
[f]	corresponding. Russian f	f ear
[v]	corresponding. Russian v	v eer
[s]	corresponding. Russian with	ba s e
[z]	corresponding. Russian s	bai z e
[ʃ]	corresponding. Russian NS	sh eer [ʃıə]
[ʒ]	corresponding. Russian f	bei g e
	corresponding. Russian h	ch eer
	corresponding. Russian j	j eer
[r]	matches the sound R in the word f R fucking	r ear
[h]	exhalation, reminiscent of a weakly pronounced sound NS	h ear
[j]	reminds of Russian sound th before vowel sounds: New Th orc, if[yesley]. Occurs in combination with vowels.	y ear
	long NS in the word NS tight
	e in the word e eh
	e in the word e lka
	I am in the word I am ma

The following consonants do not even have an approximate match in Russian
[w]	sound v uttered with lips alone. In translation it is denoted by letters v or at: W illiams Have ilyama, V ilyama	w eir
[ŋ]	Open your mouth and say n without closing your mouth	wro ng
[θ]	Pull out the slightly spread tip of your tongue between your teeth and pronounce Russian with	wra th
[ð]	With the same tongue position, say s.	th is [ðıs]

In site documents and dictionary entries, it is used as new variant international transcription of the English language, that is, the one that has become widespread in recent times and the old version. Both transcriptions differ only in the outline of some sounds.

Changes in the new version of the transcription

Old form	For example	New form
	f ee l
[i]	f i ll	[ı]
[e]	f e ll	[e]
[ɔ:]	f a ll	[ɔ:]
[u]	f u ll	[ʋ]
	f oo l
	f ai l
	f oa l	[əʋ]
	f i le
	f ou l
[ɔi]	f oi l	[ɔı]
[æ]	c a t	[æ]
[ɔ]	c o t	[ɒ]
[ʌ]	c u t	[ʌ]
[ə:]	c u rt	[ɜ:]
[ɑ:]	c a rt	[ɑ:]
	t ie r	[ıə]
[ɛə]	t ea r
	t ou r	[ʋə]
[ə]	b a nan a	[ə]