Russian language will solve the exam new options. Ege in Russian
Algorithm for completing USE tasks
In Russian.
Part 1.
Exercise 1. Which of the following sentences correctly conveyed the MAIN information contained in the text?
Algorithm for completing the task:
Task 2. Which of the following words (word combinations) should be in place of the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write this word down.
Algorithm for completing the task:
1. Read the text carefully.
2. By sequentially selecting the proposed means of communication, establish a logical correspondence between the sentence with a gap and the one that precedes it. This technique will help you determine which word should be in place of the gap.
Task 3. Read the fragment of the dictionary entry, which gives the meanings of the word (………). Determine the meaning in which this word is used (…….) The sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.
Algorithm for completing the task:
- read the assignment carefully;
- find the specified offer;
- include each of the suggested lexical interpretations instead of the word given for the analysis;
- listen to the new sound and meaning of the sentence;
- Determine whether or not a sentence has lost its semantic integrity in the course of a linguistic experiment:
- if the sentence has not lost its semantic integrity, the answer is correct;
- if the meaning of the sentence has changed, the answer is correct.
Task 4. In one of the words below, a mistake was made in the formulation of stress: the letter denoting a stressed vowel sound is WRONGLY highlighted. Write this word down.
Remember: the fluidity of the Russian stress creates objective difficulties in completing this task.
agent, Augustow, agency, agony, acropole, alcohol, alphabet, anapest, anatom, antithesis, apostrophe, watermelon, arest, aristocracy, argum, asymmetry, astronomer, Atlas (collection geographic maps), atlas (fabric), bourgeoisie, being, bureaucracy, airports | SCAM, Crimson, ballot, spoil, spoiled, spoiled, bow (bant, bant) barmen, unrestrained, birch and birch bark, petrol line, blagovest, favor, block, bombard, barreled, delusional and delusional, armor (fixing something to someone), armor (protective sheathing), bar, boot, bourgeois bureaucracy | gross, cook (boil, boil, boil, boil), watchman, verba, veterinary, turn on, water supply, Volgodonsky, wolf (wolf, wolves, wolves), thief (thieves, thieves, thieves), magic, about thieves, thieves curved, alarmed, three-way gas pipeline, gastronomy, hectare, genesis, citizenship, grenadier, | cousin, devichiy, democracy, department, despot, defis, deed, diagnosis, dialogue, dispensary, white-hearted, dobycha, dogma, contract, contractual, naked, red-hot, documentary, report, report, donate, report slumber, spiritual father, |
BOOK, (to assign something to someone), book (to cover with armor), enviously, cursed, conspiracy (secret agreement), conspiracy (spell), cursed, for a long time, overwhelmed, busy (person), occupied (by someone ), seal, sealed, moldy, seal, sealed, powder, call (call, call, call), winterer, malice, knowledge, significance, knowledge, toothed scoop, scoop, cleaner, juridical | religion | WHITE, NAGOLO (SHARP), NAKED (Keep checkers), Bent, Long, Intention, Roll, Backhand, Start, Started, Underpayment, Illness, NecrolOg, Hate, Unpretentious, Oil pipeline, Newborn | presenter, beet, sylos, orphan, orphans, word of mouth, condolence, convocation, concentration, means, stating, status, statute, stenography, carpenter, boat, bent, |
Task 5. In one of the suggestions below WRONG used the highlighted word. Correct the mistake and spell the word correctly. Algorithm for completing the task:
- read all sentences carefully;
- determine the lexical meanings of each of the paronyms by choosing synonyms and antonyms or taking into account which words each of them can be combined with;
- please provide the correct answer.
Addressee - addressee... Addressee - the person or organization to whom the postal item is addressed (recipient); addressee - a person or organization sending a postal item (sender).
Anecdotal - Anecdotal... Anecdotal - inherent in anecdote, based on anecdote (anecdotal story); anecdotal - ridiculous, ridiculous (anecdotal case).
Archaic - archaic... Archaic - characteristic of antiquity (archaic view), archaic - obsolete, not corresponding to new views, rules (archaic use).
Weekday - everyday... Weekday - not a holiday (weekday); everyday - prosaic, monotonous (everyday work).
Breathe in - breathe. Inhale - to absorb, draw in air (inhale oxygen), inspire something (inhale courage); breathe - breathe out (breathe a sigh of relief); rest a little (let me breathe); grieve, sad (sigh for children).
Educational - educational... Educational - related to education (educational system); educational - related to the educator (educational room).
Everyone - everyone... Everyone - everyone (every minute); all kinds - the most diverse (all kinds of searches).
Elective - selective... Elected - related to elections, elected by voting (elective office); selective - partial (random check)
Harmonic - harmonious... Harmonic - related to harmony (harmonic series); harmonious - harmonious, harmonious (harmonious personality).
Main - capital... Main - main, most significant, central, senior (main street); capital - related to the title (title role).
Engine - mover... Engine - a machine that sets in motion a force (electric motor); mover - what sets in motion, contributes to it (the mover of society, progress is outdated.).
Democratic - Democratic... Democratic - referring to democracy, democrat (democratic camp); democratic - characteristic of a democracy, a democrat (a democratic act).
Dynamic - dynamic.Dynamic - related to dynamics, motion ( dynamic theory); dynamic - possessing great internal energy (dynamic pace).
Diplomatic - diplomatic.Diplomatic - related to diplomacy, diplomat (diplomatic post); diplomatic - subtly calculated, evasive (diplomatic behavior).
Long - long... Long - long (long report); long - long-term (long vacation, long period).
Voluntary - voluntary... Voluntary - performed without compulsion (voluntary labor); volunteer - referring to a volunteer (volunteer initiative, volunteer army).
Dramatic - dramatic... Dramatic - expressing strong feelings, full of drama (dramatic situation); dramatic - related to drama (drama circle).
Friendly - friendly... Friendly - referring to a friend, friends (friendly meeting); friendly - based on friendship (friendly country).
Pitying - pitying... Pitying - expressing sorrow, longing, suffering; plaintive, sad (pitiful voice); compassionate - inclined to pity, sympathy; compassionate, touching (compassionate words, people).
Spare - thrifty... Spare - available as a reserve (emergency exit); thrifty - able to stock up (thrifty person).
Evil - malicious ... Evil - full of feelings of enmity (evil person); malicious - having a bad purpose, willful (malicious defaulter).
Executive - performing... Executive - diligent, having as his goal the implementation of something (executive worker); performing - referring to the performer (performing skill).
Business traveler - business trip... Posted - a person on a business trip (posted specialist); business trip - referring to a business traveler (travel expenses).
Comic - comic. Comic - related to comedy (comic character); comical - funny (comic look).
Critical - critical... Critical - referring to criticism (critical article); critical - having the ability to criticize (critical approach).
Logical - logical... Logical - related to logic ( logical thinking); logical - correct, reasonable, consistent (logical reasoning).
Methodical - methodical... Methodical - related to methodology (methodical conference); methodical - exactly following the plan (methodical work).
Hateful - hateful... Hateful - infused with hatred (hateful actions); hateful - hateful (hateful enemy).
Intolerant - Intolerant... Intolerable - one that cannot be tolerated (intolerable cold); intolerant - intolerable (intolerant attitude).
To impoverish - to impoverish... To become poor - to become poor (to become impoverished as a result of inflation); impoverish - make poor (impoverish life).
Dangerous - cautious... Dangerous - associated with danger (dangerous bridge); cautious - acting cautiously (cautious person).
Clerk - unsubscribe ... Clerk - an accidental mistake in writing (annoying clerk); unsubscribe - an answer that does not affect the essence of the case (daring unsubscribe).
Learn - Learn... To master - to learn how to use something, to include it in the circle of your activities (to master the release of new products); to learn - to make it habitual; understand, remember (assimilate what you read).
Organic - organic... Organic - relating to the plant or animal world ( organic matter); organic - inextricably linked, natural (organic integrity).
Condemnation - discussion... Conviction - an expression of disapproval, passing a sentence (conviction of a criminal); discussion - comprehensive consideration (discussion of the problem);
Responsible - responsible.Response - being the response (response); responsible - responsible, important (responsible employee).
Reporting - distinct... Reporting - related to the report (reporting period); distinct - well discernible (distinct sound).
Political - Political... Political - related to politics (politician); political - acting diplomatically, cautiously (political hint).
Intelligent - understandable.Intelligent - quickly understanding (quick-witted person); clear - clear (clear reason).
Representative - Representative.Representative - making an advantageous impression (personable appearance); representative - elected (representative body); related to representation, representative (representation expenses).
Presentation - giving.Presentation - handing over for familiarization, nomination for promotion (presentation of characteristics); provision - the allocation of something to someone's order (granting a loan).
Perceptive - perceptible... Sharp-witted - able to notice (sharp-witted critic); noticeable - noticeable (noticeable displeasure).
Realistic - realistic... Realistic - following realism (realistic painting); realistic - true, quite practical (realistic goal).
Hidden - secretive... Hidden - secret, invisible (latent threat); secretive - unrepentant (secretive person).
Tactical - tactical... Tactful - possessing tact (tactful act); tactical - related to tactics (tactical task).
Technical - technical.Technical - related to technology (technical progress); technical - possessing high skill (technical actor).
The lucky one is the lucky one.Lucky is happy; one who is lucky (lucky researcher); successful - successful (lucky day).
Actual - factual. Factual - corresponding to the facts (actual state of affairs); factual - containing many facts (factual report).
Master's - economic... Master - related to the owner; such as that of a good owner (owner's interest); economic - busy with the economy, related to the economy (economic issues).
Explicit - Explicit.Explicit - obvious, unconcealed (clear superiority); distinct - distinct, well distinguishable (distinct whisper).
Task 6. In one of the words highlighted below, a mistake was made in the formation of the word form.Correct the mistakeand spell the word correctly.
Find mistakes in education and use
- case forms of names of numerals;
- numerals one and a half, one and a half hundred;
- collective numerals, including numerals both, both;
- comparative and superlative degrees of adjectives and adverbs;
- nominative and genitive plurals of some nouns;
- forms of the imperative mood of some verbs.
Algorithm for completing the task:
1. Determine which part of speech this word belongs to.
2. If this name is a numeral, remember that
- for complex quantitative names of numeralsboth sides are inclined;
Cases | 50 - 80 | 200, 300, 400 | 500 - 900 |
Fifty Fifth and ten and Fifth and ten and Fifty Five ten ten about five and ten and | Two hundred Two honeycomb Dw um st am Two hundred Two umay st ami oh two oh | Five hundred Fifth and honeycomb Fifth and st am Five hundred Five hundred amy oh heels and st ah |
- when declining compound ordinal numbers only changes the last word ;
- numeral both used with masculine and neuter nouns, and both - female;
Cases | M., cf. genus | G. genus |
Both Of both Both Both Both about both | Both Both Both Both Both Both |
- collective numbers (two, three, fouretc.) are used with nouns denoting males, the names of baby animals, paired objects, or having only plural forms.
3. If this name is an adjective, see if the forms of the degrees of comparison are formed correctly. Remember: you cannot mix simple and compound forms of degrees of comparison.
Comparison of adjectives |
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Comparative | Excellent |
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simple | compound | simple | compound |
beauty in her (s) less deeper e | more beautiful less beautiful | beautiful the greatest the hardest | the most beautiful the most beautiful |
Comparison of adverbs |
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comparative | excellent |
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simple | compound | compound |
Her (s) - painful - sick her, sick her E - easy - lighter e -she - thin - thin e | adverb + more (less) more subtle less interesting | comparative + pronoun everyone, total: done best of all (of all) |
4. If it is a verb, pay attention to the correctness of the formation
- forms of imperative mood;
- forms of the past tense, used without a suffix, are –НУ-.
(there is - well - in the verb - error - correct answer)
5. If this is a noun, make sure the education is correct.
- nominative plural forms;
- forms of genitive plural.
Nominative case of plural m kind |
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With the ending - a, -ya (ending stress) | With the ending - s, -and ( accent based) influence of the dual number) |
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Addresses, coast, century, fan, director, doctor, chute, inspector, boat, clover, feed, box, body, seine, district, leave, passport, cook, professor, variety, watchman, haystack, paramedic, wing, barn, ramrod, stack, stamp, anchor, hawk. | sentences, mines, editors, snipers, tractors, tots, fronts, chauffeurs. |
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volumes | Locksmiths bakers |
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Thor, -soor stylistically neutral: director | 1. Animated foreign language nouns. on the-er, -er: engineers 2. Inanimate. foreign words in Thor, -cor: processors 3. Animated foreign language nouns. on the Thor with a bookish tint: editors. |
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Remember: oil - pl. hours - oil but | cream - plural - cream s (not cream but) |
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male | female | average |
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banknotes giraffe Hall corrective piano roofing paper tulle shampoo | sandal, boot cuff, callus sneaker reserved seat gravy (with gravy) slipper shoe (no shoes) surname | bast tentacle |
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Task 7. Establish a correspondence between the sentences and the grammatical errors made in them: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
1. Look for mistakes in sentences:
1) with homogeneous members; (look for homogeneous predicates with the conjunction I. Ask a question from a verb to homogeneous members of a sentence. The question should be the same, if not, then an error !!! This will be the correct answer. (Isee ??? (missing sentence member) and proudnature? See what?, Proud of what?)
2) with participial phrases; (look at the end of the participle, remember that there must be agreement with the word being definedin gender, number, case.)
3) with proper names, enclosed in quotation marks and being the name of newspapers, magazines, books, paintings, films;
4) with derived prepositionsthanks, according to, in spite ofand the non-derivative preposition on , used in turns of speechupon completion, upon arrival, upon completion, upon arrival;
5) with double unionsnot only but; like ... so and;
6) using quotes;
7) starting with the words:all who ...; those who ...; none of those who ...
Task 8. Determine the word in which the unstressed verifiable vowel of the root is missing. Write this word by inserting the missing letter.
Algorithm for completing the task:
1. Cross out words with alternating vowels, as they will not be the correct answer:
1.1. read each word carefully and look for words with an alternating vowel at the root (gar - gor, zar - zor, clan - clone, creature - creature, lag - lodge, bir - ber, pir - per, dir - der, tir - ter, mir - mer, blist - shine, style - stele, gig - burned, cheat - even, cas - kos, rast - rash - grew, skok - skoch, poppy - mok, equal - even).
2) select test words for the remaining words, remembering that among them there may be dictionary words, an unstressed vowel in which requires memorization;
3) if you find a dictionary word, then you can cross it out, since it will not be the correct answer;
4) if you managed to find a test for a word, in which an unclear vowel sound was stressed and clearly heard, then you have found the correct answer.
Task 9. Define a row in which the same letter is missing in both words in the prefix. Write these words by inserting the missing letter.
You need to know the following spelling rules:
- spelling of prefixes in -З and -С;
- spelling of the prefixes PRE and PRI;
PRE - | AT - |
Stay (= re-) | Arrive (Approach) |
Despise (hate) | Haunt (give someone shelter) |
Betray (= over-) | Add (give in addition, change something, add) |
Bow down, bow down (= over-) | Lean (Approach) |
Translate (translate) | Pretend (incomplete action) |
Transient (= re-) | Coming (coming closer) |
Endure (endure) | Get used to (get used to) |
Successor (= over-, take over) | Receiver (radio) |
Die (die) | Put (put close) |
Vicissitudes (coups in fate) | The gatekeeper - the gatekeeper |
Immutable (unshakable, indestructible) | Attach (attach) |
Indispensable condition (mandatory) | Unacceptable conditions (impossible) |
Limit (border) | Chapel (annex in the church) |
Downplayed (very much) | Downplayed (slightly) |
- Remember:
PRE- | AT- |
preamble, prevail, those in power, predicate, present, presentable, president, presidium, presumption, price list, prelude, deceive, do not fail, prime minister, neglect, drug, present, obstacle, prerogative, prestige, challenger, preference | private, finicky, privilege, passing circumstances, handsome, picky, adventure, prima donna, primate, primitive, priority, regrettable, oath, pretense, embellish, unpretentious, bizarre |
Task 10. Write down the word in which the letter E / I / is written at the place of the pass
Algorithm for completing the task:
1) Find out in which part of the word the letter is missing: in the ending or in the suffix.
2) If the vowel is missing in the ending, then use the indefinite form of the verb to set its conjugation:
- in the personal endings of the first conjugation verbs, the vowels E, U are written;
- in the personal endings of the verbs of the second conjugation, the vowels I, A (Z) are written.
3) If the vowel is missing in the suffix, then analyze the nature of the spelling:
- missing vowel in participle suffixesuch, yusch, asch, yasch, im, eat (ohm).
- missing vowel before participle suffix lice, nn.
4) Spelling of participle suffixesyasch, yasch, asch, yasch, im, eat (ohm)depends on the conjugation of the original verb:
- in participles formed from verbs I conjugation, suffixes are written uch, yusch, eat (ohm);
- in participles formed from verbs II conjugation, suffixes are written asch, yasch, im.
5) Vowel spelling before suffixes the participles lice and nn depend on whether to start - to or to - to the indefinite form of the original verb ends:
- nn or yat, then before vowel is preserved in passive past participles and I);
- if the original verb ends in it or et, then only e is written in front of nn;
- before the suffix vsh keeps the same vowelas before the end be in an indefinite form.
TIP: Put the verb in 3rd person plural. (WHAT DO THEY DO? WHAT DO THEY DO?) E,
Ending - at-yat - verb 2 conjugation - in the endings you should write the letter AND .
Task 11. Write down the word in which the letter I is written at the place of the pass
You need to know the spelling of suffixes
- nouns (ec, itz; inc, enk; out, in; ichk, echk; hik, ek);
- adjectives ( iv, ev; liv, chiv);
- verbs ( willow, yva; eva, ova; I, E before the shock suffix wa).
Algorithm for completing the task:
1) Determine which part of speech (noun, adjective, verb) the word with the missing letter in the suffix belongs to.
2) Apply the required rule.
DEFINITION TABLE ENDING VERBS AND COMMON SUFFIXES |
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Endings of verbs | Suffixes are valid. participles | Suffixes suffer. participles |
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I conjugation rest | I eat I write Eat write eat Ete write ete | Ut write ut Ute think ute | U-write Yusch- thinking | Om - ohm oh Em- blowing oh |
II conjugation N.F. on - and th | They are good for them Look str. Go build go | At stroy yat Yat store yat | Ash- breathing ash iy Box - keep box | Im-keep them oh |
Task 12. Determine a sentence in which NOT with a nightingale is written LITTLE. (SEPARATE). Expand the parentheses and write this word out.
)? It should be remembered that the rules for writing NOT with in different parts speeches can be grouped as follows:
- NOT with nouns, qualitative adjectives, adverbs in - О and - Е;
- NOT with verbs and participles;
- NOT with participles.
- Not with nouns, adjectives., Adverbs in O, E
together | apart |
1.Not used without a NOT: ignorant careless ridiculous | 1.If there is opposition with the union a is not true, but a lie Not joyful but sad Not close but far adverb not in O-E: did not enter like a friend |
2.If a word with a prefix NOT can be matched with a synonym without NOT Foe (enemy) Misfortune (grief) Enemy (enemy) Unhappy (sad) Not close (far away) | 2. If with the word with NOT there are words far, at all, not at all, not at all, not at all Far from beauty Not a friend at all Not at all interesting Not at all sweet |
3. Remember: small slave confusion imperfections undergrowth dunno idiot | 3. Remember: not in measure, not in an example, not for good, not for haste, not to taste, not to strength, not to my liking, not to hand, etc .; b) neither give nor take, neither me nor here nor there, nor dawn, not for anything not about anything, not a bottom, not a tire, not a sniff of tobacco, not a penny, etc. not one (no one) - not one (many), not once (never) - not once (often). |
2. Not with verbs and participles
together | apart |
1.Not used without a NOT: resent (resent) rampage (rampage) unwell dislike hate | 1.Always Separate Was not Not catching up Not knowing |
2.With the prefix under- UNDER- = below normal, not 100%, be in insufficient quantity, | 2.With prefixes no + up not completely done |
3. Not with participles and verbal adjectives.
together | apart |
1.not used without NOT: | 1.with short participles: not_ closed |
4.NOT and NOR with negative PRONOUNDS
Task 13. Define a sentence in which both highlighted words are written LITTLE (SEPARATE). Expand the brackets and write out these two words.
Algorithm for completing the task:
1) Read the sentence, think about its meaning.
2) Determine which part of speech the highlighted word belongs to.
- Alliances so that, too, also, but, moreover, moreover, so, therefore written together ; they can be replaced with synonyms of the same part of speech.
- Words of other parts of speech similar to these unions in sound what would be the same the same, for that, though, at what, and so, from that are written separately. They consist of two components: one of them(same, would) can be either removed from the sentence, or rearranged to another place; another component(what, what, so, what) replace with other words.
- Derivative prepositions are written together:CONSEQUENCE = because of, I LOOK = because of, ABOUT = oh, IMMEDIATELY = to, in spite of = in spite of.
- Derivative prepositions are written separately:OVER = IN CONTINUATION, IN EXCELLENCE, IN CONCLUSION, OVER.
- For merged, hyphenated, or separate spelling adverbs apply the appropriate rules.
Derivative prepositions | Nouns with prepositions |
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during There was no news during a year. | How long? (time value) | in the flow of (what?) rivers Look in continuation (what?) series. In the (fast) flow of the river See in the (upcoming) continuation of the series |
in continuation She spoke for an hour. |
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at the end of the article In the end, in the end | I was imprisoned I was in (long) confinement. |
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unlike others (used with from) | The difference is the difference between life. The difference is in the (strong) difference in life. |
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due to E = due He didn't come due to illness. Remember: later And - adverb | in consequence Intervened in the investigation of the theft. Intervened in the (new) theft investigation. |
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like = like flask-like vessel | Error of kind noun. |
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about = oh, oh Arrange for an excursion. | Put on a bank account. Put on (your) account. |
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towards = to Go towardsfriend. | To goto a meetingwith friends. To goon the(long awaited)meeting. |
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in view of= because of In view ofrain we did not go to the cinema. | Imeanttomorrow. (stable expression). ascone in mindcities (cone view, city view) |
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adverbs | Nouns with prepositions |
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climb upup(refer to the verb) | climb upto the topthe mountains on the(most)topthe mountains |
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shoes for mejust right | in timeflowering - in (spring)time toflowering |
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Derivative prepositions | Gerunds with negation |
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In spite ofrain, drove out of town (althoughit was raining). Regardless ofbad weather, we went on a hike. (despite what?) | Despitefather, he got up from the table. Regardless ofme, he left the room. (= not looking) |
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Task 14.Indicate all the numbers in the place of which НН (Н) is written
- determine to which part of speech a word with a missing letter belongs;
- apply the spelling rule H and HH in the suffix of this part of speech.
Noun:
NN | H |
1. If the root of a word ends in H, and the suffix begins with H: malinnuk(malinbut) 2.If n. formed from an adj. having NN, or from a participle: sicknessyennspine(diseaseyennth) spoiledness(spoiled) 3. Remember: outragennitza | 1. In words derived from noun, which have suffixes -in -, - an-, -yan- peatyanguk(from noun peat) 2. In words derived from adj. with oneH:studynuk(from adj. studynth), martyr, toiler 3. In words: bagryangitza (bagryangth), hempyanguk (cannabisyangth) varenhic (varyongth), smokedyongawn (smokedyongth) costyangika (costyangoh), wiseyongawn (wiseyongth) oilenitza (oilenth), oatsyangitza (oatsyangth) GOSTinitza (gostinth), firewoodyanghic (firewoodyangOh) smartyongawn (clevernth), velikomuchenitza |
Adjective:
NN | H |
1.noun -H + -H-:karmannth 2. -OHN-, -ENN-:commissionionth,cranberriesyennth, ! withoutwindnnth 3.exceptions with -JANN-:GLASSNNOUCH, TINNNOUCH, WOODNNOUCH ! Yunnand you (youngsnatUralists) | 1.-IN-: gooseinth 2.exceptionWINDHOUCH(day, person) 3. -AN- (-YAN-):skinsanth Remember:Yunth; bagryangth, roomyangoh, ryyangth, pyangoh, straightnth (historical suf. - YAN-); barnuh, swinoh sinoh, greennoh, onenoh, corenth. |
In short adjectives, as many n are written as in full |
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tumannaya dal - dal tumannbut | windnth girl - girl in the windnbut |
Communions:
N - NN IN SUFFIXES OF PARTICULARS AND SECONDARY ADDITIONALS |
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NN | H |
1. There is a prefix:aboutseeded flour (except for the prefixnot-) But: not askinghernnth flour | 1. There is a prefixnot-: notsowingnth flour |
2. No ¬, but there is ZS: sowingnnand Ithrough a sieveflour | 2. No ¬: sowingnth flour |
3.has a suffix-ova - / - eva-: marinovanncucumbers | 3. Exceptions: kovanoh, chewnoh, bitenth (-ov-, -ev- are part of the root) |
4. Formed from the perfective non-prescriptive verb: Reshennth task (to solve - whatwithdo?) But:fromwoundnnth, woundnnthin legfighter ! Beingwoundnnth, the soldier remained in the ranks. The women immediately hungerasednnoh.(Suffering acc., Because they retain the verb meaning, indicate a temporary state, and not a permanent sign-quality)., Calm | 4. Exception: woundnoh, windy |
5. The same words in their direct meaning will be participles: namennth play, it's overnnth work. | 5. When a participle changes into an adjective name, it is possible to change the lexical meaning of the word: smart child, uninvited guest, named brother, planted father, dowry, Forgiveness Sunday, finished person. |
Exceptions:cutesy, desired, unheard of, unseen, sacred, unexpected, unexpected, inadvertent, done, slow, not asleep, swaggering, hammered | 6. The spelling does not change in composition compound words: goldsmithnoh, scrapnth-fracturenth,Wordeverything in general hasvalue adj. (high degree quality), and not the meaning of "adj. + participle ". |
7. Brief participles: the girl is spoilednbut |
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SHOULD BE DIFFERENT |
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Short adjective | Short participle |
Girl raisednna (itself is a short appendix). Can be replaced full adjective: educatedI. | Girl raisednand in an orphanage (by whom?) - a short reason .. Replaced by the verb: the girl was brought up. |
Adverb | Short participle of the neuter |
✕ ch.⬎ bunk bed He answereddeliberately(how? how?). Deliberately is a circumstance. | ✕ noun⬎ cr. with Businessdeliberate (what is it?)from all sides. Considered - predicate. |
Task 15.Arrange punctuation marks. Specify the numbers of sentences in which you need to put one comma.
Execution algorithm:
1. Find homogeneous terms in the sentence.
2. Determine which unions connect them:
- if it is a single connecting or separating union (and, or, or, yes (= and), commain front of himnot put;
- if it is a double union (both ... and; not so much ... how much; not only but; although ... but), a comma is placed only before the second part of the double conjunction;
- if thisrepeated unions, thencomma is putonly in front of those that arebetween homogeneous members;
- in front of adversarial alliancesbetween homogeneous membersalways put a comma.
3. Check if the sentence contains homogeneous members connected in pairs. Remember: ifhomogeneous membersin a sentence are connected in pairs, thena comma is placed between paired groups and only one!
Task 16.Solve punctuation marks: include all numbers, in place of which in the sentence must be commas.
Remember:
- participialanswers the questionswhich? which? which? which?;
- gerundsanswers the questionswhat having done? what are you doing?And denotes an additional action with a verb - predicate; participial turnoveranswers the questionsas? when? why?
- the setting of punctuation marks in the participial turnover depends on its location in relation to the noun being defined;
- the adverbial turnover is always highlighted in the letter with commas;
- homogeneous definitions and circumstances, expressed by participial and adverbial phrases and connected by a single union And, are not separated by a comma.
Algorithm for completing the task:
1) Find participles and adverbs in the sentence, correctly defining their boundaries. Always separated by commas.
2) Determine what position in the sentence the participial turnover occupies (BEFORE- is not separated by commas !!! AFTER the word being defined - is highlighted !!!).
3) Check if there are homogeneous members in the sentence with the conjunction And, expressed by participial or participial phrases. A comma is not placed before the AND conjunction.
4) .Attention! in the middle of a turn there should not be numbers, this isprovocation!!! Eliminate them !!!Use the technique of excluding the highlighted turnover.
Task 17.
Remember: introductory words can be removed from a sentence without changing the main idea of the syntactic structure.Use the technique of excluding highlighted words.
Algorithm for completing the task:
1) Check if the highlighted words are introductory.
- Introductory words can be removed from the sentence or replaced with synonymous introductory words; they are separated by commas.
- Members of a sentence that are homonymous with introductory words cannot be removed without changing the meaning of the syntactic construction; they are not separated by commas.
Remember that words are not introductory and are not separated by commas:as if, as if, perhaps, for the most part, as if, literally, in addition, after all, in the end, it seems, it is unlikely, all the same, after all, even, precisely, sometimes, as if, moreover, only, meanwhile, for sure, extremely rare, I suppose, certainly, definitely, partly, at least truly, still, therefore, just, albeit decisively, nevertheless, only, ostensibly.
Task 18.Arrange punctuation marks: include all numbers, in place of which in the sentence must be commas.
Execution algorithm:
1. Find grammatical basics suggestions.
2. Determine the boundaries of the main and subordinate parts.
3. Read the sentence, observing the selected signs. This will help to determine the incorrectly found solution, or, conversely, to confirm the correct choice.
Remember!As a rule, complex sentences are presented in this task.with clauses, in themunion word whichis not at the beginning of the subordinate clause, butin the middleher, thereforeno comma is placed before the union word. (1.Exclude the numbers around the word "which"
4. Attention to the union I). Determine what it connects:parts of complex sentence- comma, homogeneous members of the sentence - no comma.
Task 19.Arrange punctuation marks: include all numbers, in place of which in the sentence must be commas.
To complete the task, use the algorithm:
1. Indicate the grammatical foundations in the sentence.
2. Determine the boundaries of simple sentences in a complex syntactic structure.
3. See how these parts are related.
4. Find out if the sentence is presentunion And, and if present in the sentence, define what it connects:
- ifhomogeneous members, then there is a comma in front of itnot put;
- ifparts of a complex sentence, then there is a comma in front of itput.
5. Find 2 unions next to each other: what if, what when, and if, and although, but when, so if, and when:
- Comma between unionsNOT putif the words go further in the sentencethen, so, but
- Comma between unionsput, ifno THAT, SO, BUT.
Task 20.Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Enter the answer numbers.
Particular attention should be paid to the second and third sentences:
- they (argument and output) contain the main information;
- therefore, among the answer options, one should look for one in which the information of the 2nd and 3rd sentences is combined.
- Remember the main information is given only in its direct meaning. (EXACTLY and SPECIFICLY)
Algorithm for completing the task:
1. Highlight in each sentence keywords important for understanding the issue that is raised in this text; pay attention to the main part of complex sentences.
2. Determine the causal relationship between sentences in the text by analyzing the conjunctions, union words, introductory constructions.
3. Reduce the text by deleting secondary information (various kinds of explanations, details, descriptions of minor facts, comments, lexical repetitions).
4. Convey in one sentence the main information contained in the text.
5. Correlate your version of text compression (your proposal that conveys its main idea) with the answer options.
Task 21.Which of the following statements are true? Enter the answer numbers.
Algorithm for completing the task:
1. Read the text.
2. To determine his type of speech, use the technique of imaginary "photographing":
- if it is possible to "photograph" the entire text in one frame, this isdescription;
- if it is possible to "photograph" the text with a successive series of frames - this isnarration;
- if the text cannot be "photographed" - it isreasoning.
3. Remember that
- descriptionshows (this is what we see: a portrait of a person, a landscape, an interior);
- narrationtells (this is a chain of events or actions and actions of the characters);
- reasoningproves and is built according to the scheme: thesis - proof - the final conclusion.
- Determine what type of speech the proposed text belongs to.
Types of speech | Compositional scheme |
||
Narration (what happened?) I came, I saw, I won. | report a sequence of actions or events. Verbs are used. | Multiple frames |
5. Interchange |
Description (which?) | indicate the signs of an object, person, place, condition. Adjectives are used. | 1 frame | From the overall impression to the details. |
Reasoning (why?) | substantiate this or that put forward position (thesis), explain the essence, causes of this or that phenomenon, event. | It talks about causes and effects, events and phenomena, their ideas, assessments, feelings. - that it is impossible to photograph. | 1. Thesis (thought that is being proved) → 2.arguments (proofs, examples) → 3. conclusions. |
Task 22.Write out synonyms (synonymous pair) from the specified sentences. (There may be different lexical means.
Algorithm for completing the task:
1. If in the task you need to find in the specified passage of text a certain lexical unit, necessary
remember the definition of this lexical unit:
Antonyms- these are words of the same part of speech, opposite in their own way lexical meaning.! Antonyms can be contextual, that is, they become antonyms only in this context.
Synonyms- These are words of the same part of speech, the same or similar in meaning, but different in sound and spelling. Like antonyms, synonyms can be contextual
Homonyms- these are words that are the same in sound (with a possible different spelling) or spelling (with a possible different sound), but different in meaning.
Histories- these are outdated words that have gone out of use due to the disappearance from life of the objects and phenomena that they denoted.
Neologisms- new words of limited use.
Phraseologism- Lexically indivisible phrases reproduced in ready-made form: hang up your nose, win a victory, a voice of the crying)
Task 23.Among sentences 1-8 (there may be other sentence numbers), find one that is related to the previous one using a possessive pronoun (another means of communication). Write the number of this sentence.
Lexical means of communication required in task B7:
- lexical repetitions (repetitions of words and phrases);
- synonyms and synonymous substitutions;
- contextual synonyms;
- antonyms (including contextual ones).
Morphological means of communication:
- unions;
- personal, demonstrative and some other pronouns instead of words from previous sentences;
- adverbs;
- the degree of comparison of adjectives and adverbs.
The syntactic means of linking sentences include:
- syntactic parallelism (the same word order and the same morphological design of the members of adjacent sentences);
- parceling (removal of any part from the proposal and its registration in the form of an independent incomplete proposal);
- incomplete sentences;
- introductory words and sentences, addresses, rhetorical questions.
Algorithm for completing the task:
1. It is necessary to firmly learn the categories of pronouns, since the pronoun connection is most in demand in tasks of this type.
2. Remember that you must define the relationship of the given sentencewith the previous, with the one that isbefore the proposal you are considering.
DISCHARGES OF PRONOUNDS BY VALUE |
|
Personal | Unit h. pl. h 1 l. - me we 2 p. - you you 3 l. - he, she, it they |
Returnable | myself |
Interrogative |
|
Relative | who, what, what, whose, which, how much, what is |
Undefined | someone, something, some, a few, some, something, someone, someone, someone, some, some, some, some, some, some- sometime |
Negative | nobody, nothing, no, nobody, nobody, nothing |
Possessive | my, your, your, our, your, his, her, them |
Indicative | this, this, such, such, so much, this (obsolete) |
Definitive | all, everyone, everyone, himself, any, different, very, different |
When declining some pronouns, the whole word changes:I - to me, you - to you ... Distinguish between the categories of pronouns. WedHer (him, them)book- whose? - possessive pronoun. We sawher (him, them) - whom? - personal pronoun. Whois the duty officer today? - interrogative pronoun. We do not know,whoduty today is a relative pronoun. |
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Task 24.Restore the terms missing in the text of the review, with the help of which language features of this text.
Algorithm for completing the task:
- Carefully read the list of figurative and expressive means of language presented in the sample of answers.
- Divide all terms into 3 groups: Paths, Shapes, Vocabulary.
- Read the review carefully, insert the necessary IVS.
4 . In case of difficulty, you can use the technique of excluding those terms from the list that, in their meaning, cannot be in the place of gaps in the text.
1. Trails- words and expressions used in a figurative sense:
- epithet- figurative definition (Throughwavythe fog makes its way to the moon ... /AS. Pushkin /);
- impersonation- attribution of qualities, actions, emotions of a person to objects, nature, abstract concepts (The earth sleepsin blue radiance / M.Yu. Lermontov /);
- comparison- comparison of two objects or phenomena in order to explain one of them with the help of the other (Icefragile on the icy riverlike melting sugarlies on. Nekrasov /);
- metaphor- transfer of properties from one object to another based on their similarity (onmountain ash bonfirered / S.A. Yesenin /);
- metonymy- allegorical designation of the subject of speech, "renaming", replacing one concept with another that has a causal relationship with it (All flagswill visit us / A.S. Pushkin /);
- synecdoche- a kind of metonymy, when the name of a part is used instead of the name of the whole or vice versa (We all look at Napoleons / A.S. Pushkin /);
- hyperbola- excessive exaggeration of certain properties of the depicted object (In a hundred thousand suns, the sunset blazed / V.V. Mayakovsky /);
- litotes- excessive understatement of the properties of the depicted object or phenomenon (your spitz, adorable spitz, no more than a thimble / AS Griboyedov /);
- irony- hidden mockery; the use of a word or expression in the opposite sense of the literal (Split,cleveryou are ravinghead? / I.A. Krylov /);
- paraphrase– replacing the name of an object or phenomenon with a description of their distinctive features or an indication of characteristic features (King of beasts/instead ofa lion/);
2. Figures of speech- special syntactic constructions that give expressiveness to speech:
- antithesis- a sharp opposition of concepts, thoughts, images (You are poor, You are abundant, You are powerful, You are powerless, Mother - Russia! / N.A. Nekrasov /);
- inversion- reverse word order (turns whitelonely sail/ M.Yu. Lermontov /);
- gradation- the arrangement of words or expressions in ascending or descending order of their meaning (semantic or emotional) (Shone, burned, shonehuge blue eyes);
- oxymoron- a contrasting combination of words that are opposite in meaning (Dead souls, living corpse, sad joy);
- parceling- deliberate violation of the boundaries of the proposal (It happened a long time ago. A long time ago. Anna was in trouble. Big.);
- anaphora- monotony, repetition of similar words at the beginning of stanzas or closely spaced phrases (Waitme and I'll be back. Just wait really hard.Waitwhen the yellow rains bring sadness,Waitwhen the snow is sweepingWaitwhen it's hotWait, when others are not expected, having forgotten yesterday / K. Simonov /);
- epiphora- repetition of the same words or phrases at the end of several adjacent structures (I would like to know why Ititular counselor? Why exactlytitular counselor? / N.V. Gogol /);
- rhetorical question- a question that is posed in order to draw attention to a particular phenomenon (to be or not to be? / Shakespeare /);
- rhetorical address- an emotional appeal to people who are not directly involved in communication, or to inanimate objects (People of the world, take care of the world!);
- ellipsis- the omission of the predicate, giving the speech dynamism (We villages - in ashes, hailstones - in ashes / V.A. Zhukovsky /);
- lexical repetition- deliberate repetition of the same word or phrase to enhance emotionality, expressiveness of the statement (It seemed that everything in nature fell asleep:sleepinggrass,slepttrees,sleptclouds).
- questioningly- response form of presentation- a form of presentation in which questions and answers alternate (What to do? I don’t know. Who to ask for advice? Unknown.);
- syntactic parallelism- the same syntactic structure of neighboring sentences, the same arrangement of similar members of the sentence in them (I look at the future with fear, / I look at the past with longing. / M.Yu. Lermontov /);
- homogeneous members of a sentence.
3 .Lexical means of expression: Vocabulary
Dialect words -a word or phrase used in a particular locality (territorial dialectism), social group (social dialectism) or profession (professional dialecticism):rooster-cocks
Slang- speech of a social group other than common language containing many artificial words and expressions. The jargon is different: salon, bourgeois, thieves, student, school, army, sports, etc."Chuyat" - from the hunter's jargon, "amba" - from the sea.
Antonyms(fromGreek Ant- against and onuma- name) - words that have opposite meanings:"Treachery and Love", "Only the shine is whiter, the shadow is blacker."
Archaisms(from the Greek. Archaios - ancient) - an outdated word or turn of speech.
Neologisms(from the Greek. Neos - new and logos- word) - a word, newly formed, appeared in connection with the emergence of new concepts in life (in science, technology, culture, in everyday life). The neologism emphasizes the expressiveness of speech. For example, "mediocrity" instead of "mediocrity".
Synonyms(from the Greek - the same name) 1) Words, different in spelling, but close (or the same) in meaning: conquer-conquer (the enemy); run - rush; beautiful - adorable; hippopotamus - hippo. 2) Contextual synonyms are words or phrases that converge in meaning in the same context, these words are of an individual, situational nature: needle - Ostankino needle (tower); talk (murmur) of waves; noise (rustle, rustle, whisper) foliage.
Contextual synonyms -words or a combination of words that acquire a similar meaning only in a certain context.Doing nothing is passive rest.
Phraseologism -lexically indivisible, stable in its composition and structure, integral in meaning, a phrase reproduced in the form of a ready-made speech unit. (Frowning eyebrows, winning a victory, lowering your head, bruising your nose, burning with shame, grinning your teeth, sudden death, melancholy takes, bitter frost, fragile boat, delicate question, delicate position)
Homonyms-the same sounding words that have different meaning eg: club (couple and sports), change your mind (a lot and change your mind). IN oral speech sound homonyms (homophones) appear - words that sound the same, although they are spelled differently: cry and cry, boil and open.
PART 2
It is necessary to analyze the proposed text, identifying the author's position on one of the problems raised in it, correctly and convincingly expressing your own attitude to what you read. The length of the essay is at least 200 words.
To complete the task correctly, you need to knowcriteria for evaluating part C.
Essay writing plan - reasoning on the proposed text
Regardless of the content of the text, you can use the following plan, drawn up on the basis of the requirements for completing the task of Part C:
1. Formulate the problem - K 1
2. Comment on the problem. K-2
4. Express your own opinion, agreeing or disagreeing with the author. K-4
5. Prove your point of view by giving at least two arguments (each of them is given in a new paragraph).
6. Final conclusion (conclusion).
Problem- a question that interests the author of the source text and causes his thoughts and reflections.
Answer: SCARE | |
Answer: ___ 123_____________ |
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Assignment 25 of part 2 is an essay based on the text read. This task is performed on answer sheet number 2.
All USE forms are filled in with bright black ink. The use of a gel, or capillary, or fountain pen is allowed.
When completing assignments, you can use the draft. Draft entries do not count towards grading work.
The points received by you for completed tasks are summed up. Try to complete as many tasks as possible and score the most
number of points.
We wish you success!
Part 1
1 Indicate two sentences in which the MAIN information contained in the text is correctly conveyed. Write down the numbers of these sentences.
1) Real discoveries in historical linguistics concerning the past of language are possible when it is possible to combine a painstaking search for facts and bold thinking.
2) Quite often, judgments about the past of the language make it possible to restore the whole world long lost in the past.
3) Only a painstaking search for facts and the courage of thinking of scientists-linguists make it possible to make real discoveries in the field of the past language.
4) Only the courage of thinking allows scientists-linguists to gradually restore knowledge about the past of the language, to make real discoveries in historical linguistics.
5) Judgments about the past of the language, which are conjectural in nature, can be confirmed if you painstakingly and purposefully collect historical facts.
2 Which of the following words (combinations of words) should be in place of the pass inthird (3) sentencetext? Write down this word (combination of words).
But
For example,
However
Exactly
As
Answer : _________________________
3 Read the excerpt from the dictionary entry that describes the meanings of the word LANGUAGE. Determine the meaning in which this word is usedin the first (1) sentence mtext. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry. LANGUAGE, -a, pl. -i, -ov, m.
1) unit. A set of means of expression in verbal creativity, based on the nationwide sound, vocabulary and grammatical system.Ya. Pushkin. Ya writers. Ya. Fiction.
2) The historically developed system of sound vocabulary and grammatical means, which is an instrument of communication, exchange of thoughts and mutual understanding of people in society.Great Russian I. Slavic languages. Literary me.
3) unit. Speech, the ability to speak.Lose your tongue. The patient lies without tongue and without movement.
4) transfer. Prisoner, captured to obtain the necessary information (colloquial).Take, bring the language.
5) The system of signs (sounds, signals) conveying information.Ya animals. Ya gestures.
Answer : _________________________
4 In one of the words below, a mistake was made in the formulation of stress: the letter denoting a stressed vowel sound is WRONGLY highlighted. Write this word down.
bleeding
giving
handrails
having sealed
it is impossible
Answer : _________________________
5 One of the sentences below uses the highlighted word WRONG. Correct the lexical error by matching the selected word with a paronym. Write down the chosen word.
One of the speakers was Alexander Andreevich Colley, Professor of ORGANIC Chemistry.
People asked the controllers how to FILL out the form correctly.
With his great-grandfather, Styopka developed a particularly CONFIDENTIAL relationship.
After hesitating, the commander said nothing about the REAL motives for his stubbornness.
Of course, it is important for Boris Sergeevich to know that an EXPERIENCE owner of the estate has appeared here.
Answer : _________________________
6 In one of the words highlighted below, a mistake was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and spell the word correctly.
kilogram of MANDARINS
TRYOMSTAM residents
LOOKED through and through
foreign PASSPORTS
Lie on your side
Answer : _________________________
7 Establish a correspondence between grammatical errors and sentences in which they are allowed: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column
GRAMMATICAL ERRORS A. violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate B. violation in the construction of a sentence with an inconsistent application B. error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members D. incorrect construction of a sentence with indirect speech E. violation in the construction of a sentence with participial turnover | SUGGESTIONS
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Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.
Answer : | |||||
8 Identify the word missing the unstressed alternating vowel of the root. Write this word by inserting the missing letter.
coating
t .. in theory
popl ... wok
extended
l .. legendary
Answer : _________________________
9 Identify the row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write these words by inserting the missing letter.
pr.. magnification, pr..morsky
to ... write, oh ... thundered (fights)
to ... give, not ... overthrow
under..year, in..youth
time..play, inter..institutional
Answer : _________________________
10 Write down the word in which the letter E is written at the place of the gap.
fool ... wow
accumulate
endured ... in
thawed ... nka
extra pay ...
Answer : _________________________
11Write the word in which the letter I is written at the place of the gap.
headed ... my
shooting ... shh
rusted ... lo
sealed ...
sown
Answer : _________________________
12 Define a sentence in which NOT spelled with the word MUCH ... Expand the parentheses and write this word out.
The (NOT) SUFFERED soul will never be able to comprehend happiness.
Sofya Pavlovna is (NOT) SO to blame for what happened to us, as it seems.
Choose a friend (DO NOT) HURRY, even less rush to change him.
The fungus is (NOT) HIGH, but strong.
It is already the end of September, and the fields are still (NOT) mowed, the grain begins to fall from the ears.
Answer : _________________________
13 Determine the sentence in which both highlighted words are spelled MUCH ... Expand the brackets and write out these two words.
In the district center, Ivan rarely appeared, (FOR) THAT he left for the city at every opportunity and (B) FOR several hours disappeared there, forgetting about the service.
(BY) WHAT I recognized her: by the look, by the outline of her hands - I do not know, but I recognized her, and (BY) THIS heart beat fast.
Timidly and hoping that WHO (THAT) would want to receive uninvited guests, we knocked on the door, but the owners accepted us (ON) SVOYSKI.
And (SO), the youngest son SO (SO) loved books, like everyone else in our family.
The experiment was carried out successfully, FOR (WHAT) for the first time, (FOR) THIS everyone was very happy.
Answer : _________________________
14 Indicate all the numbers in the place of which is written NN.
A well-groomed (1) well-furnished (2) old (3) apartment resembled a manor's house, once and for all established (4) orders and customs, in which each thing has its place, and time is a matter.
Answer : _________________________
15 Arrange the punctuation marks... Indicate the numbers of the offers in which you want to put ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.
1) The forest was noisy, sometimes lulling and melodious, then impetuous and alarming.
2) In the XII century, painters painted pictures with paints or ink on silk or paper scrolls.
3) Suddenly the door on the block screeched and the floor trembled from someone's steps.
4) A real tourist does not feel confused neither on water, on land or in the air.
5) Wild berries are best picked in the morning or evening, and every good berry grower should know this.
Answer : _________________________
16 Arrange all punctuation marks:
Climbing (1) on a wide father's bed (2) and (3) burying his chin (4) on his father's shoulder (5) Vanyatka (6) excited (7) by the events of the evening (8) could not sleep for a long time.
Answer : _________________________
17 Arrange the punctuation marks:indicate the numbers in the place of which commas should be in the sentence.
All my life I have loved and love mental work and physical work and (1) perhaps (2) even more than the second. And (3) especially (4) felt satisfied when he introduced some good guess into the latter, that is, he connected his head with his hands.
Answer : _________________________
18 Arrange the punctuation marks:indicate the numbers in the place of which commas should be in the sentence.
And everything calls you to itself (1) that is seen (2) and heard (3) that lives (4) and that blooms.
Answer : _________________________
19 Arrange the punctuation marks:indicate the numbers in the place of which commas should be in the sentence.
It turned out (1) that the manuscript has not yet been finally edited (2) and that (3) will not be completed yet extra work(4) it is not allowed to submit it to the printing house.
Answer : _________________________
(1) When I entered a new empty apartment, the only one who met me was an old snow-covered poplar outside the window, it remained from the village estate that was in this place, and now, looking into the second floor, as if he said to me: “Hello ”- and from its beautiful white branches light poured into the room, pure, immaculate, incorruptible. (2) Then spring came, and one morning, after a warm night rain, something green, smoky, indefinite peeped in the window.
(3) Every spring the same thing is repeated, and every time it is like a miracle, a miracle of renewal, and one cannot get used to it. (4) I stood and looked for a long time and could not get enough of it. (5) Now it was as if someone alive had settled outside the window, made a noise and suddenly fell silent, and in the wind, gently and meekly tapped on the window.
(6) He lived with all his leaves, thousands of thousands of leaves, exposing them to the sun, moon, wind, rain. (7) He enjoyed life with might and main, every minute, every second of his life. (8) And I, reflecting on my life, would like to learn from him this constant joy in freedom under heaven.
(9) Birds flew on its branches, they whistled, sang their short city songs, maybe the poplar told them about me, and they looked out the window and grinned.
(10) What a long wonderful summer it was in that first year of life in a new room, with a living poplar near the window, what endless sunsets, and bright nights, and light dreams were! (11) Only sometimes I suddenly dreamed that for some reason I had lost a new room and again lived in an old, dark and dreary one, with a bare light bulb on a long cord. (12) But I woke up, and the poplar looked into a room with clean, fresh walls, and the pre-dawn green noise merged with the feeling of a happy awakening. (13) Then autumn came, the leaves turned yellow, and the room became quiet, sad.
(14) Autumn showers and storms began, at night the poplar creaked, groaned, beat its branches against the wall, as if asking for protection from the weather. (15) Gradually leaves flew from its upper branches, and then from the lower ones. (16) Leaves streamed in streams, covering the balcony, and some stuck to the glass and looked in horror into the room, expecting something.
(17) And now not a single leaf remained on the poplar, it stood naked, black, as if burnt, and against the background blue sky every black twig, every vein was visible, it was solemnly quiet and sad in nature, the unheating sun was shining like a summer. (18) And, as always, I remembered my childhood and thought: who are you? (19) What is the meaning of life? (20) Then again there was spring, and everything was all over again, and life seemed endless.
(21) But one morning I heard a sound under the window, as if my poplar were screeching. (22) I rushed to the window. (23) Below, there were scrapers and road rollers that pounded a new street, and a worker with an electric saw was cutting down a poplar in the middle of the road.
(24) And from above, I saw a tremor go through his entire green body, he staggered, thought for a moment and collapsed onto a new street, blocking it in full width with rustling green collapsing foliage.
(25) And the red-brick, boring, bare wall of the house on the other side of the street opened to me, and since then I see only it and a piece of the sky.
(26) I often remember my poplar. (27) And it still seems that he did not disappear from the ground, but grows somewhere in the forest, in a clearing, rustling with all the leaves.
(According to B. Yampolsky *)
* Boris Samoilovich Yampolsky (1912-1972), Russian writer.
20 Which of the statementsdo not correspondcontent of the text? Enter the answer numbers.
1) Entering a new empty apartment, the narrator saw an old poplar in the window.
2) Looking at the poplar, the hero recalled his childhood and looked for answers to the questions: who are you? What is a sense of life?
3) Poplar still grows near the storyteller's house.
4) Every spring, leaves were blooming on the poplar. And the narrator calls this process the miracle of renewal.
5) The hero does not regret at all that the old poplar was cut down, because he could fall and damage the house or injure a person.
21 Which of the following statements is erroneous? Enter the answer numbers.
1) Sentences 1-2 contain a narrative element.
2) The 17th sentence provides a description.
3) Sentences 21-22 contain a narrative.
4) Proposition 12 provides reasoning.
5) Proposition 2 contains reasoning.
Answer: ___________________________
22 Write out from sentence 15 antonyms.
Answer: ___________________________
23 Among sentences 14-17, find one that is related to the previous one usingpossessive pronoun and word forms... Write the number of this sentence.
Answer: ___________________________
Read the fragment of the review based on the text that you analyzed in tasks 20-23. This fragment examines the linguistic features of the text. Some of the terms used in the review are missing. Insert the numbers corresponding to the number of the term from the list in the places of the gaps (A, B, C, D). Write down the corresponding number in the table under each letter. Write down the sequence of numbers in the ANSWER FORM No. 1 to the right of the task number 24, starting from the first cell, without spaces, commas and other additional characters. Write each number in accordance with the samples provided in the form. |
24 “Remembering the poplar that once grew under the window, B. Yampolsky uses such trails as(BUT) ___________ ("lived by a thousand thousand leaves" in sentence 6),(B) ______________ (“the poplar told them about me” in sentence 9). Such a reception as(IN) _________________ (in sentence 27), conveys the feelings of the author. And a path like(G) _____________________(For example, " wonderful branches "in sentence 1), enhances the imagery of the text."
List of terms
1) rows of homogeneous members
2) impersonation
3) comparative turnover
4) hyperbole
5) parceling
6) opposition
7) dialectism
8) rhetorical question
Formulate one of the problems supplied by the author of the text.
Please comment on the formulated problem. Include in your comment two illustrative examples from the text you read that you think are important to understanding the problem in the original text (avoid overquoting).
Formulate the position of the author (narrator). Write whether you agree or disagree with the point of view of the author of the text you read. Explain why. Argument your opinion, relying primarily on the reader's experience, as well as on knowledge and life observations (the first two arguments are taken into account).
The length of the essay is at least 150 words.
A work written without reference to the text read (not according to this text) is not evaluated. If the essay is a retelling or completely rewritten of the original text without any comments, then such a work is rated 0 points.
PROMOK
A B C D E
4 2 3 8 7
FLOAT
RETURNDROTDOWN
Endured
You will shoot
Not high
WHY THIS
1234
UPPER LOWER
or UPPER BOTTOM
or UPPER BOTTOM
4269
Text information
Main problems | |
The problem of loneliness. (What helps a person cope with feelings of loneliness?) | Nature helps a person to get rid of the feeling of loneliness, to feel the joy of life. |
2. The problem of man's relationship to nature. (How is the poplar outside the window perceived by the hero of the story? Why did the poplar outside the window become “his poplar” for the hero?) | 2. In a city where a person can feel more acutely his isolation from nature, the trees near the house are often perceived as part of the living world of nature, which understands and sympathizes with a person, instilling in him the joy of life. |
3. The problem of the relationship between man and nature c. (How is the life of an urban person connected with the life of nature?) | 3. A person living in a city is especially keenly aware of his connection with nature, the beauty of which helps to perceive the world around him more vividly. |
4. The problem of nature protection. (Why does the death of a tree cause deep feelings in the human soul?) | 4. It is very important to preserve the natural urban landscape, because in the human soul there is always a feeling of a deep connection with the surrounding nature, the beauty of which gives rise to a thirst for life, a sense of beauty, a desire to preserve beauty. |
Guide for preparing for the exam
Reference information for all tasks: 1 - 26. If you don’t know something, don’t remember, don’t understand, you are here. Simple, accessible, many examples.
Collection of training tests: 1 - 24
Practice tests with answers to all tasks
"Unified State Exam Navigator"
Interactive preparation course for the exam in the Russian language. 26 sections. Individual statistics of achievements. Variants are formed for each personally at new visits. Fully complies with the new USE format.
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"USE respondent"
Who are interested in training options Unified State Exam in Russian with answers and comments? Our new series "Unified State Examination Answer" is for you.
Collection of essays on the Russian language (task 26)
It is easier to learn how to write essays from the original text if you know exactly what the USE requirements for task 26 in the Russian language are. Analysis of the work of graduates shows typical mistakes and shortcomings.
Final winter essay
All about the graduation essay. Concept. Test criteria at school. Assessment criteria in universities. Samples of work.
Workshop on orthoepy
FIPI nouns. How do you remember them? Intensive interactive workout will help
Helpful information
The word USE has a fascinating effect on people. The majority, long before the exam, begins to regard it as a fatal milestone: terrible and inevitable. One gets the impression that the will and mind of people are paralyzed at the same time ... Distinct images of a conveyor belt, a meat grinder, or a stream that carries the unfortunate to no one knows where are emerging ... What is the consequence of such an attitude towards the upcoming test? Passivity, indifference or, on the contrary, feverish activity, senseless vanity, excessive nervous tension... Get reliable information about the upcoming exam.
Useless information
Even during difficult or serious work, you can find a reason to joke. A rubric for those who want to relax a little
Self-defense. If you need an appeal
It is better not to tune in to the appeal. There is such a regularity in life: often people attract situations about which they think too much. The situation for filing an appeal is not the most pleasant one. I wish you could avoid it. But if an appeal is imminent, then it's best to know how to file it.
Therefore, I consider it important to talk about this topic as well.
Single State exam in Russian is a compulsory exam. In total, 616 590 people took part in the main period of the Unified State Exam in the Russian language in 2017 (in 2016 - 658 392 people; in 2015 - 672 407 people).
The results of the USE in the Russian language in 2017 are generally comparable with the results USE of the past years old.
On the official website of FIPI in the section "Analytical and methodological materials"published" Guidelines for teachers based on analysis typical mistakes USE participants 2017 ", it is here that you can find information about what is the average USE score in the Russian language was in 2017.
Download the document.
Table 1
Average USE score in Russian 2015 - 2017
| Year | Average test score | Test score range | ||||
| 0–20 | 21–40 | 41–60 | 61–80 | 81–100 | ||
| 2017 | 69,06 | 0,43% | 2,62% | 23,61% | 48,30% | 25,04% |
| 2016 | 68,5 | 0,82% | 3,40% | 24,45% | 45,75% | 25,58% |
| 2015 | 66,16 | 1,69% | 4,79% | 26,98% | 46,75% | 19,80% |
The share of examinees who scored 100 points based on the exam results remained unchanged compared to 2016 - 0.5%. The share of high-scorers also remains stable: 25.5% in 2016 and 25% in 2017.
In 2017, the share of graduates who did not overcome the minimum threshold (who did not receive the minimum (24) test score) decreased by 0.5%: from 0.99% (2016) to 0.54% (2017). The main reasons for the decrease in the share of such participants in the Russian language can be attributed to the successful implementation of the Rosobrnadzor system of measures to improve the quality of teaching the Russian language in the regions. Russian Federation... Data on changes in the number and share of 100-point students in 2015–2017. are given in table. 2.
table 2
Statistics on the performance of the work as a whole and of individual tasks allows us to identify the main problems in the preparation of examinees in the Russian language. As in previous years, the sections of the course related to the formation of communicative competence remain insufficiently mastered. Insufficiently developed skills of analytical work with word and text, lack of sufficient practice in the analysis of linguistic phenomena also affect the quality of writing an essay-reasoning. Graduates experience the greatest difficulties when applying punctuation and spelling norms in writing.
The site "Teach in School" presents an interesting article Average USE score 2017 in Russian, based on other data from the Internet.
In 2017, all the main characteristics of the examination work as a whole will be preserved.
It is planned to expand the language material to complete tasks 17, 22, 23.
Task 17 tests the ability of the examinees to isolate constructions that are grammatically unrelated to the sentence. Punctuation for introductory constructions is traditionally difficult for examinees due to the need to distinguish between syntactically fundamentally different phenomena, while often semantically similar (for example, "however" is an introductory word and a union). The heterogeneity and multiplicity of the group of introductory and plug-in constructions, the variety of their typified meanings and shades prevent students from successfully assimilating this punctuation topic. Not having mastered the composition of a large group of these words and the peculiarities of their semantics, not having learned to distinguish introductory words and phrases from the members of the sentence, the students turn to the intonational features of such units: the test takers consider the intonational selection of potential introductory words, which is wrong, and not always the intonation structure may indicate the presence in the sentence introductory structure... The conclusion about the status of a unit as an introductory one is correct only if it meets all the requirements for such linguistic phenomena. It is the “incompleteness” of grammatical and punctuation analysis that leads to errors in the qualification of introductory units and the setting of punctuation marks with them.
In 2017, it is planned to expand the linguistic material of this assignment by joining this topic of separating appeals. It should be noted that both prose and poetic text can be used as the language material involved in the assignment. A participant in the 2017 exam may come across a variety of language material in Task 17. In this case, the wording of the task will remain the same.
Expansion of the language material in task 22, focused on testing the ability to carry out lexical analysis of a word in context and allowing to evaluate such important skills students as the ability to adequately understand written speech other people, the ability to correlate a linguistic phenomenon with the meaning it receives in the text will consist in the fact that the specified phenomenon in the original text may not be represented in the singular. So, a request to write out a phraseological unit from the text does not mean that there is only one phraseological unit in the indicated fragment, there may be several of them. The task is to write out only one. This change is dictated by the negative impact of the situation when the exam participant is aimed at finding only one answer.
As already noted, the exam results showed that the section related to the analysis of the structure of the text, the clarification of the ways and means of communication of sentences remains insufficiently mastered, which manifests itself in part 2 of the work as a violation of the logic of the development of thought. Task 23 in 2017 has both one and multiple answers. It is planned to change the wording of this task.
(20) For whole days he lay in the glades and looked with curiosity at the flowers and herbs. (21) Berg picked rose hips and fragrant junipers, carefully examined the autumn leaves. (22) At sunsets, flocks of cranes flew over the lake to the south with a chirp. (23) Berg for the first time felt a stupid offense: the cranes seemed to him to be traitors. (24) They abandoned this desolate, forest and solemn land without regret, full of nameless lakes and impassable thickets.
(25) It started raining in September. (26) Yartsev was about to leave. (27) Berg got angry. (28) How could you leave in the midst of this extraordinary autumn? (29) Berg felt the departure of Yartsev now in the same way as he once had the departure of the cranes - it was treason. (30) What? (31) Berg could hardly answer this question. (32) Treason to forests, lakes, autumn, finally, a warm sky drizzling with frequent rain.
“(33) I stay,” Berg said sharply. - (34) I want to write this autumn.
(35) Yartsev left. (36) The next day Berg woke up from the sun. (37) The light shadows of the branches trembled on the clean floor, and a quiet blue spread beyond the door. (38) The word "radiance" Berg met only in the books of poets, considered it pretentious and devoid of clear meaning... (39) But now he understood how exactly this word conveys that special light that comes from the September sky and sun.
