Give a description of the physical and geographical location of Norway. About Norway
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The Kingdom of Norway is located in the northeastern part of Europe. Part of its territory is located above the Arctic Circle. Part of the country is washed by the waters of the North, Barents and Norwegian Seas.
Administratively, Norway consists of 19 provinces and three independent territories.
Largest cities: Oslo, Bergen, Trondheim, Stavanger.
The capital of Norway is Oslo.
Borders and area
Norway shares land borders with Russia, Sweden and Finland.
The country covers an area of 386,000 square kilometers.
Norway map
Timezone
Population
4,902,000 people.
Language
Official language- Norwegian.
Religion
About 90% of the population of Norway is Lutheran evangelicals.
Finance
The official currency is the Norwegian krone.
Medical assistance and insurance
Before visiting the country, be sure to purchase international health insurance. Otherwise, you will feel the high cost.
communication with Norwegian doctors.
Mains voltage
220-230 Volts. Frequency 50 Hz.
International dialing code
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The Kingdom of Norway is a country located in Northern Europe. The state received its name from the ancient Scandinavian phrase meaning "way to the north."
Norway
Norway is surrounded by three seas: the Barents, Norwegian and North. This is a rather elongated country, a third of which is occupied by forests and water bodies. More than half of it is covered with mountains. Almost the entire coastline of Norway is indented by narrow bays - fjords. Norway can be described by its borders. The country borders on Sweden, Finland and The Russian Federation... About a third of the country's mainland is located north of the Arctic Circle.
Norway's geographical position obliges the country to make tourism one of the main types of income.
general information
The country is home to approximately 5 million people.
The form of government here is a constitutional monarchy. The capital of the country where the king's residence is located is the city of Oslo.
Historical reference
For the first time, mention of the state appears at the beginning of our era, when the land of present-day Norway was inhabited by Scandinavian tribes who, during the Middle Ages, decided to sail across the Atlantic.
At the end of the 10th century, the country began to profess Christianity. After 1380, Norway became subject to Denmark. She was able to free herself from the power of this country only after the Anglo-Danish war of 1807-1814, while falling under the control of Sweden. Independence was announced on May 17, 1814, followed by a conflict with Sweden, decided not in favor of Norway. The country became completely free only by 1905.
During World War II, the state of Norway was occupied by fascist invaders, the northern part of it was conquered by the Soviet liberators in the fall of 1944, and the whole country was freed on May 8, 1945.
Modernity
Norway is famous for its nature: picturesque coasts, fabulous fjords, enchanting glaciers, forests, rivers, mountains attract fans of outdoor activities and landscape tourism from all over the world. Man-made sights of Norway are also very popular, and hundreds of thousands of tourists come here to admire the northern lights every year.
In 2009, the UN presented a report on the quality of life in 182 states, according to which Norway became the leader in the list of the most developed and prosperous countries in the world.
Climate and weather
The climate in the country is cold, with a lot of precipitation. Most of all in the west of the country in autumn and winter. The interior of southeastern Norway and the northern regions also experience frequent rainfall. Summer is the largest rainfall, while winter and spring are dry.
Norway's geographic location indicates different climatic conditions on the territory of the country. In its western part it is mild. In July and August the temperature at night averages 10-12 degrees, and in the daytime - 16-18 degrees. Most of the rain is in September and October.
In the central part, the climate is temperate continental. From October to March it is frosty, in January the temperature can drop to -17 degrees. The warmest month is July.
In the Far North, February is the coldest month, with temperatures reaching 22 degrees below zero. The hottest month is July.
Cities
Oslo is the capital of Norway, lying deep in a beautiful fjord, on the shores of three bays. The city is surrounded by mountains and hills. Oslo has theaters and concert halls, exhibitions and festivals. In the state in particular) there are also many museums for every taste.
Bergen is the second most visited city in the country and is known as the gateway to the Norwegian fjords and is where travel to the fjords often begins.
The city of Røros is included in the UNESCO list. The climate of Røros is harsh, with the lowest temperatures throughout the country. All cities in Norway have their own flavor. So, Røros is very popular with tourists who come here to enjoy the picturesque lakes, rivers, dense forests and majestic mountains, as well as admire the old wooden buildings.
The beautiful ancient Norwegian city of Trondheim is famous for its famous landmark - the Cathedral of St. Clement (this is one of the best cathedrals in all of Scandinavia).
The city of Tromsø is called the Paris of the north. This beautiful town is located on an island in northern Norway, surrounded by mountains, fjords and islands. Tromsø is a very lively city with many pubs, street entertainment and cultural events available all year round. The local museum hosts an exhibition of Sami culture all the time.
A small but very picturesque town of Ålesund is located in the west of the country. It lies on several islets at the mouth of one of the fjords. The city is famous for the stunning nature of the surrounding area.
Norway's cities are very picturesque and each one has its own unique characteristics.
Norwegian fjords
Traveling around the country will not be complete without visiting the fjords. Norway has the largest number of them in the world.
Fjords in the country lie along the entire coastline. Each of them is amazing in its own way. The deepest fjord in Norway is over 1,300 meters deep. Due to the depth of the waters, large liners can ply here, from which tourists can admire the stunning landscapes.
Norway is located in an area of maritime temperate climate with cool summers (+6 - +15 degrees Celsius) and rather warm winters (+2 - -12 degrees Celsius).
In the far north of the country, the climate is subarctic. Nights can be very cold in spring. The rainiest time of the year in Norway is autumn. Thanks to the Gulf Stream, the coastal winters are quite mild. Precipitation falls on the plains of 500-600 mm, from the windward side of the mountains, their amount increases to 2000-2500 mm. The seas don't freeze.
Most of the territory of Norway is occupied by the Scandinavian mountains. Here is the highest mountain peak in Northern Europe - Mount Gallheppigen (its height is 2469 m). The coastline of Norway is indented by long deep bays - fjords. In the last ice age, a thick ice cover formed over Scandinavia. Ice, spreading to the sides, cut deep narrow valleys with steep banks. About 11,000 years ago, the ice sheet melted, the sea level rose, and sea water flooded many of these valleys, forming the picturesque fjords of Norway.
Forests cover about a quarter of Norway's territory. They are mainly located in the coastal regions of the country. In the south and southwest, there are deciduous forests, in the east and north - coniferous. Tundra lies in the far north of Norway. Elk, deer, fox, otter, marten live in the south and southeast. In the north - reindeer, polar fox, wolf, wolverine, polar hare, lemming. Trout, salmon, perch, pike are found in the lakes and rivers of the country; in coastal waters - herring, cod, halibut.
Norway has large reserves of hydropower, forests (productive forest occupies 23.3% of the territory), deposits of iron, copper, zinc, lead, nickel, titanium, molybdenum, silver, granite, marble, etc. Reliable oil reserves amount to more than 800 million tons ., natural gas- 1210 billion cubic meters... Total capital investment in the offshore oil sector reached a record 60 billion NOK, or 7.5% of GDP, significantly boosted the growth of other production equipment for oil production and created related infrastructure. The goal of this huge investment is to improve the profitability of the oil industry and improve the state of the country's macroeconomy. Investments are mainly directed to the giant Stotford field, discovered 20 years ago at the dawn of Norway's oil era.
If oil production tends to decrease, then gas production in Norway is going up. Norway is successfully becoming an important gas producing country. Its share in the Western European gas market is approaching 15%. Gas sales contracts have already exceeded the total volume of 50 billion cubic meters per year.
More than half of all discovered gas fields are located on the Norwegian continental shelf Western Europe... According to representatives of the Norwegian state-owned company Statoil, unlike the 20th century, which was the century of oil, the 21st century is likely to be the century of gas, especially since concern for cleanliness environment becomes the driving force behind the growth of its consumption.
General characteristics of Norway.
Norway (Kingdom of Norway) is a state in the North of Europe, occupying the western and northern parts of the Scandinavian Peninsula. Territory - 323,895 sq. km .; together with the Spitsbergen archipelago, Jan Mayen Island and others - 387 thousand sq. km. Population - about 4.3 million, Norwegians (98%), Sami, Kven, Finns, Swedes, etc. The capital is Oslo. The state language is Norwegian. Religion is Lutheranism.
The monetary unit is the Norwegian krone.
Norway gained state independence in 1905
Norway is a constitutional monarchy. The head of state is the king. Administratively - territorial division(18 flakes). The highest legislative body is the Storting (unicameral parliament). Executive power is exercised by a government appointed by the king.
Natural conditions and resources of Norway.
Norway is located in an area of maritime temperate climate with cool summers (+6 - +15 degrees Celsius) and rather warm winters (+2 - -12 degrees Celsius). Precipitation falls on the plains of 500-600 mm, from the windward side of the mountains, their amount increases to 2000-2500 mm. The seas don't freeze.
Most of the territory of Norway is occupied by the Scandinavian mountains. Here is the highest mountain peak in Northern Europe - Mount Gallhepiggen. The coastline of Norway is indented by long deep bays - fjords. In the last ice age, a thick ice cover formed over Scandinavia. Ice, spreading to the sides, cut deep narrow valleys with steep banks. Roughly 11,000 years ago, the ice sheet melted, sea levels rose, and seawater flooded many of these valleys, forming Norway's scenic fjords (see cover photo).
Norway has large reserves of hydropower, forests (productive forest occupies 23.3% of the territory), deposits of iron, copper, zinc, lead, nickel, titanium, molybdenum, silver, granite, marble, etc. Reliable oil reserves amount to more than 800 million tons ., natural gas - 1210 billion cubic meters. Total capital investment in the offshore oil sector reached a record 60 billion NOK, or 7.5% of GDP, significantly boosted the growth of other production equipment for oil production and created related infrastructure. The goal of this huge investment is to improve the profitability of the oil industry and improve the state of the country's macroeconomy. Investments are mainly directed to the giant Stotford field, discovered 20 years ago at the dawn of Norway's oil era.
If oil production tends to decrease, then gas production in Norway is going up. Norway is successfully becoming an important gas producing country. Its share in the Western European gas market is approaching 15%. Gas production is expected to reach 70 billion cubic meters by the end of the century, and gas sales contracts have already exceeded a total of 50 billion cubic meters per year.
More than half of all discovered gas fields in Western Europe are located on the Norwegian continental shelf. According to representatives of the Norwegian state-owned company Statoil, unlike the 20th century, which was the century of oil, the 21st century is likely to be the century of gas, especially as concern for the cleanliness of the environment is becoming the driving force behind the growth of gas consumption.
Economic and geographical location.
Northern Europe is united by many socio-economic characteristics: the proximity of production and corporate structures, high efficiency farms and living standards. In general, the region is a large economic complex, which, due to the specialization of production, occupies a special place in the world economy and the international division of labor. With a developed industry, intensive agriculture, an extensive sphere of services and broad foreign economic relations, these countries, being inferior to the major powers in terms of the overall scale of production and the size of labor resources, are ahead of them in many respects per capita. If the share of the Nordic countries in the capitalist world is less than 1% in terms of population, then in terms of gross domestic product and industrial production - about 3%, and about 5% in terms of exports.
The strength of the Nordic countries is not in the quantity, but in the quality and the products produced, mainly exported. Norway is one of the most economically developed countries in the world. Possessing an advanced production base and highly qualified force, Norway, with its dependence on foreign markets, for a long time followed the path of searching and consolidating its “niches”, relatively narrow specialization in the production of certain products, systems, components, and units.
At the same time, the Norwegian economy has always had the ability to quickly adapt to the changing situation in the global economy. Initially, specialization was based on natural resources and geographic location. The sea played an important role. Norway was famous for its international shipping, fishing and whaling. The presence of a large number of deep and turbulent rivers brought Norway to the first place in Western Europe in terms of hydropower reserves.
In recent decades, industries using modern technologies have come to the fore. At present, the focus on the production of science-intensive, high-tech products (electronics, industrial work, biotechnology, and the like) is becoming increasingly stronger. The combination of the newest industries with the traditional ones that are undergoing or have already gone through a radical restructuring is the basis of the modern specialization of the Norwegian economy.
The economic crises of the mid-70s and early 80s, the intertwining of cyclical recessions and structural shifts almost negated the benefits that Norway derived from specialization, made it difficult to maneuver due to the asynchronous, different timing of the economic cycle, as it was before. In the second half of the 70s, in terms of a number of important indicators, Norway held on only at the expense of oil.
With the transition to an intensive, resource-saving type of reproduction, modern technologies Norway, taking into account its national needs and capabilities, the lessons of the crisis, embarked on the path of restructuring and defining new directions. Mainly in the field of exports, which are increasingly being hit by the competitive pressures on world markets.
Norway is an industrial-agrarian country with a high share in the economy of energy-intensive industries, as well as shipping, fishing and last years- oil refining and petrochemical industries.
The dominant position in the economy is occupied by the private capitalist sector. In the post-war period, an intensive process of capital concentration takes place in the country. Large enterprises (500 or more employed), accounting for 1% the total industrial enterprises (82% of enterprises are small, employing up to 50 people), accounting for about 25% of all employed; The 3 largest banks control about 60% of the bank capital. The concentration of production is accompanied by the disappearance of a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises. The number of small farms is also declining. The penetration of foreign capital into the country is constantly increasing, mainly American, British, Swedish (mainly in the oil industry and shipping)
Analysis economic development Norway.
The formation of capitalist economic structures in Norway was distinguished by a certain originality: the later periods of industrialization, its significant dependence on the needs of the external market, the ability to achieve a favorable position on it for their goods and services.
Almost without participating in the territorial division of the world, Norway and without colonies, thanks to production and financial ties to the profits of major powers, became part of the world economic system. Already at the end of the last - the beginning of this century, on the basis of the concentration and centralization of production and capital, large companies, mainly exporting, arose, and financial groups began to form.
In Norway, a low economic situation and crisis phenomena have been observed since 1986, when oil prices fell sharply, due to the transition to energy-saving technologies. Within one year, the contribution of the oil industry fell from 18.5% of GDP to 11%. In subsequent years, a strong increase in oil production raised this figure to 16% of GDP, but, according to experts, in the near future, oil production will begin to decline again. Natural gas revenues will fill the gap for at least several years. But will the country's relatively weak oil sector, dominated by the public sector, be strong enough to make up for the lack of funds when the oil sector begins to shrink? These worries have been exacerbated in recent years by a sharp deterioration in the condition. public finance... Generous fiscal policy adopted by the Labor Party government after 1990. in order to cushion the difficulties of the recession, led to an increase in the deficit state budget up to 12.5%. Realizing these long-term difficulties, the government in 1993. presented to the parliament a program for 1994-1997, in which he outlined a strategy for their elimination. It is based on significantly tightening fiscal policy, curbing transfer payments in favor of infrastructure investment, and a general shift in focus from the public sector to the private sector.
Personal consumption in 1992 was below the 1986 level. by almost 3%. Gross capital investments are significantly inferior to those of 1988. Import in 1992 was lower than in 1986, by 3.5%, and the volume of production and manufacturing - even below the 1985 level. This bleak picture was obscured only by oil production. The volume of gross capital investment is shown in Fig. 2.
The inflation rate gradually decreased in May 1993 as well. amounted to 2.4% on an annualized basis, and in 1994 - 1.7%. But the level of costs for wages was still noticeably higher than in other countries, although the competitiveness of Norwegian goods in 1993. exceeded the 1988 level by 11%.
Norway is the gem of the Scandinavian Peninsula. The country is located in its western part, washed by the Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean. What are the geographical features of Norway?
Geography of Norway
The Kingdom of Norway is considered a northern state with a temperate climate. In addition to the oceans, the Norwegian coast is washed by 3 seas that make up them. The waves of the North and Norwegian Seas beat on the coast of Norway. Another sea that is nearby is the Barents Sea.
The area of the Norwegian territories is estimated at 385 thousand square meters. km.
The island formations belonging to the country occupy from total area 62 thousand sq. km. Norway shares borders with Sweden, Russia and Finland. The state's maritime borders run alongside Denmark.
The coastline, cut by fjords, in Norway is about 25 thousand km. It is believed that such a line can girdle the Earth twice.
The relief of the kingdom is mountainous and uneven. The highest point in Norway is Galhepiggen Peak. The height of the summit is 2469 meters.
In addition to mountain ranges, the Norwegian state has many rivers and lakes. The longest river in the country is called Glomma. The length of the river is 604 km. Glomma's water area accounts for 13% of all territories in Norway.
The kingdom is located in the Northern Hemisphere. The lands of Norway extend over the Eurasian continent.
Geographical features of Norway
home geographic feature Kingdom of Norway - location on the Scandinavian Peninsula. The country is stretched out narrow stripe along the coast in the northwest. The widest part of the Norwegian territory is about 420 km.
