Fatalities in the 20th special forces detachment. Special purpose units of the russian federation
There are no rules in real combat. Those who serve in hot spots are well aware of this. If a person is ready for the fact that sooner or later he will have a meeting with fate, he has a chance to survive. If he is not ready for this, it is a pity for such a person. Spetsnaz is both skill, experience, and a state of mind. But no matter how difficult it is on business trips, returning home to Saratov is sometimes even more difficult. After six months of hard work in the mountains, constant risk, people find it hard to adapt to normal civilian life.
According to the Russian News Service, on August 4, by a presidential decree, Junior Sergeant Alexander Puzinovsky was awarded the title of Hero of Russia. Posthumously. This is the fourth Hero of Russia from the 20th special forces detachment of the Interior Ministry of the Interior of Russia, stationed in Saratov.
His fellow colleagues live next to us - they go to bakeries, ride minibuses, sometimes walk with their wives and children on the embankment or in the park. They value these minutes very much, because they know how fleeting they are. Sometimes it is difficult for them to understand us, to find with us mutual language... After all short message about the next captured or destroyed militant (the organizer of terrorist attacks or the leader of the bandit formations) is just a familiar background for us, for them it is life, which is still impossible to get used to ...
Fate equally
The 20th special forces detachment of the Ministry of Internal Affairs was created in 1999. If anyone has forgotten, in August-September of that year, the events of the so-called "second Chechen war" began near the large Dagestani village of Karamakhi. The detachment was formed and immediately thrown into battle. Thus began the countdown of the first wounded, the first killed and the first heroes. The first Hero of Russia in the squadron was Alexander Yanklovich... In Saratov, he is now known as the director of MUP "Vodostok" and a deputy of the City Duma. For a long time Yanklovich with his group carried out special tasks "in isolation from the main forces", provided cover, extinguished snipers.
In just ten years, four people in the squadron were awarded the title of Hero of Russia, more than 300 servicemen were awarded orders and medals, 78 of them were injured.
After the memorable battles near Karamakhi, the detachment stayed in Chechnya until 2005. It was only later that the shift was adjusted: six months there - six months at home. I spoke with young officers who have served in the unit from the very beginning. One of them said: I am 31 years old, and I do not remember my youth, I only remember the war. He spent ten years on business trips and now suddenly realized that it was time to start a family ...
The personal life of the special forces is a separate topic. They have amazing wives. They have been waiting for their husbands for months, not being sure that they will return safe and sound. Not every woman can handle this. There was, however, a case when the wife filed for divorce, barely learning that her husband was wounded. The detachment is sure that it was not love ...
Women also serve in the special forces. They do everything on an equal basis with men: they go to all special operations with them, and they get equal parts for dust, dirt, cold, and hunger. Danger too. After all, it is they who are pulling the wounded out from under the fire, providing them with first aid. If you look at them from the side - the fragile physique of a girl. But they are strong in spirit.
However, during a business trip in the detachment, everyone accomplishes his own feat. The same signalmen: try to get in touch when the mountains are around, but you urgently need to request help or transmit intelligence. Only a true professional knows how to use specifications equipment as applicable to the situation. In rough terrain, this can be difficult to do - then the signalmen turn into climbers and climb a steep slope to some mountain.
Or sappers. It happens that special forces friends joke gloomily about them: "disposable people." But it is the sapper who leads the group, and the lives of dozens of people depend on his professionalism. After all, they walk along the same paths as the militants. No one turns left and right for one reason: there is nowhere to turn, complete obstruction. These trails are often mined. Especially if the militants know about the direction of movement of the detachment and are preparing an ambush.
The fourth is not extreme
Last year, July 7, corporal Mikhail Gruzdev died first. Because he walked first, in the head patrol. He noticed the danger, managed to warn the guys about it, but immediately fell, struck by a bullet. Junior Sergeant Alexander Puzinovsky rushed to his aid, began to pull his comrade out of the line of fire. By this time Gruzdev was already dead, a bullet hit him in the head. Puzinovsky did not know this and began to shoot back, at the same time providing medical assistance to his friend. There was a dense fire - the group was not immediately able to approach them. And when she approached, they found them in this position: Puzinovsky was sitting, holding on his knees Gruzdev's head, which had not been bandaged to the end, spent cartridges were scattered around ... So the fourth Hero of Russia appeared in the detachment.
Every special forces soldier knows: even if he dies, even if he is torn to pieces, these parts will be collected and carried away with them. It is not customary here to leave comrades on the battlefield. In ten years, 23 people died in the detachment. They were all buried with honors. They are all heroes.
Now in the squadron the head of the club is a lieutenant Andrey Chizhov... Small in stature, not Schwarzenegger, he had a serious concussion. When the battles were fought in Karamakhi, this officer was still a paramedic, a warrant officer. He alone at night went to the rear of the enemy, crawled to where no one could stick in the daytime, destroyed all the guards in the house where the militants sat down. And he returned. In the morning, the detachment calmly occupied the area. Not everyone is capable of this, even a fired soldier.
Or here's the captain Albert Ramgulov- a man of a peaceful profession, doctor. He goes to the mountains on a par with the special forces, for all special missions. At the same time, like an ant, in addition to everything that every fighter needs for a week in the mountains (clothes, ammunition, food), it also carries a large bag of medicines. And how many soldiers did he save! Let's exclude combat situations - everything is clear here. There are more prosaic, but no less dangerous cases.
After all, this is only on the eyes of the philistine in the mountains there is always "mountain" water - "crystal". In reality, it happens like this: drank from a stream - indigestion. If 3-4 people get sick, the pills will be enough, but if the whole group? Remains folk remedies. Ramgulov knows everything about them - he collects grass and leaves. He can put people on their feet in a matter of hours. A real professional, now he is leaving for the medical academy.
Fathers-commanders
There are no rules in real combat. Those who serve in hot spots are well aware of this. If a person is ready for the fact that sooner or later he will have a meeting with fate, he has a chance to survive. If he is not ready for this, it is a pity for such a person.
Spetsnaz is both skill, experience, and a state of mind. You can be physically healthy, pump up muscles on the simulator and beat the pear perfectly, but at the moment of danger, every person has a self-preservation instinct. Inevitably. And here, no matter how great you are in the gym, in the face of danger, you can easily pass. Comrades will not condemn, and yet ...
In Detachment 20, all group commanders are combat officers. Many began their service with the rank and file. In places that we correctly call "hot spots", people continue to die to this day. The detachment was forced to use an accelerated training program. A conscript came, stayed on a contract, then got a warrant officer. If he has organizational skills and combat experience, he is promoted further. They are sent to study, to courses, a person gets a lieutenant, becomes a platoon commander, and then, gradually, a group commander. Now almost all group commanders are "hardened wolves", half of them graduated from military educational institutions as external students. Such commanders have a wealth of experience and great authority. The classes they teach do not require any books or instructions. You cannot read what they tell the fighters about in books. For example, a grenade: you pulled out the ring, but the pin remained, you let go of your fingers - it explodes after three seconds. What can you do when you have nothing at hand, how to press it down? Cap! If you crumple it, there will be enough weight to keep the check. And such acquired skills, which save lives of people in war, each have a hundred. The same applies to the organization of intelligence, and the creation of a disguise, and the conduct of initial interrogation.
"Cooper" will not teach life
Most of the detachment's personnel are contract soldiers, about 85 percent of them. This means that people choose their own destiny.
Upon admission to the squad, each applicant passes the so-called "Cooper test": a three-kilometer run in a bulletproof vest, then seven approaches with cyclic exercises and almost immediately sparring - with one, then with another fresh opponent, "off the bench." All this is closely watched by the commanders of the groups - after all, they will have to deal with the future fighter. Only after that, the study of documents and an interview begins - who are you and why do you need this? It happens that a person is beaten in a duel, and the contract is not signed. That's what special forces are for.
But no matter how difficult it is on business trips, returning home is sometimes even more difficult. After six months of hard work in the mountains, constant risk, people find it difficult to adapt to normal civil life - for example, they can not always find a common language with nervous passengers in transport. And this is not the most difficult thing ... That is why the attention that the state and society pay to what they do is so important for them. During the last business trip alone, the detachment was in three large clashes. It was the fighters of the 20th detachment who took prisoner the so-called "Minister of Defense" of the self-proclaimed Ichkeria Makhauri (the press wrote a lot about this), ten militants were killed. During the operation, three special forces soldiers were killed.
Outside of a business trip, commanders try to scold their soldiers less, although it happens for something. Here, however, you can scold someone, but there - and everyone knows this - there will be no equal to him ...
They firmly believe that military camaraderie is a great strength. When you know that your comrades will definitely help you in any situation, nothing is scary. People go into the thick of it with a smile. Each of them has seen this many times.
What do Chuck Norris, Sylvester Stallone, Charlie Sheen, Demi Moore and Steven Segal have in common? Each of them at some point in their careers played the role of a special forces soldier. Of all the military units, it is spetsnaz that has an alluring charm. These soldiers differ from the rest in that they undergo separate training and meet higher requirements. V recent times many elite military units have gained widespread media visibility. Their usual activities include countering terrorism, freeing hostages and conducting intelligence operations. For the successful completion of such operations, and requires enhanced military training that soldiers are undergoing. In this list, you will find ten of the best special forces groups from around the world. Some titles will probably surprise you, but don't be fooled by the media.
10. GIGN, France
Our list opens with a rapid response team of the National Gendarmerie of France. The group was formed after the tragic events that unfolded at the Munich Olympics in 1972, when many people were taken hostage and killed. In addition, a year earlier there was a riot in the national prison, which also suffered many innocent people. The result of these events was the organization of an elite military group of 400 people. Specializing in anti-terrorist operations and hostage rescue, this team has never been idle. They have many successful operations, including rescuing 30 schoolchildren held hostage in Djibouti, capturing war criminals in Bosnia, countering Somali pirates and, of course, freeing the hostages of Air France Flight 8969 in Marseille in 1994.
9. SSG, Pakistan
In 1956, the Pakistani army created its own special forces unit called SSG. The number of people included in the group remained classified, and the unit itself was created following the example of British and American special forces. Here, a fairly strict selection is carried out, and only 1 of 4 recruits who have completed a 9-month training course at an airborne school, an enhanced hand-to-hand combat program and a physical training course are included in the main team. The training program here includes three types of relief: mountainous, desert and jungle, in addition, underwater exercises are also mandatory. At the very beginning of the Cold War, SSG collaborated with American special forces, part of the military participated in the war in Afghanistan in the 1980s and in the armed invasions of India. In 2009, the organization participated in an anti-terrorist operation, preventing an attack on a police academy in Lahore and rescuing hostages from an attack on Pakistan's military headquarters.
8. Sayeret Matkal, Israel
It is an Israeli special forces unit focused on intelligence, counter-terrorism and hostage release outside of Israel. Sayeret Matkal was founded in 1957. This includes carefully selected candidates with high physical and mental abilities. Training here lasts eighteen months; it includes a basic infantry school, a parachute school, lessons on preventing terrorist attacks, and the basics of intelligence. This unit has been involved in many large-scale operations since 1960. The most famous of these is Operation Entebbe, during which soldiers demonstrated their determination and skill. It was an operation to free hostages taken prisoner by Palestinian terrorists aboard an airliner that landed at Entebbe airport in Uganda while more than a hundred hostages were held in the terminal of the airport building. Sayeret Matkal's group then managed to free almost everyone.
7. EKO-Cobra, Austria
As a result of the attack on Israeli athletes during the Munich Olympics in 1972, a special forces squad Einsatzkommando Cobra was created in Austria to conduct anti-terrorist operations. It included 450 military personnel who had previously served in the Austrian Federal Police Force. Training here, as in other similar troops, lasts several months, during which soldiers undergo specialized courses in shooting, teaching languages, martial arts and courses in tactical and assault training. Only those who succeed in passing the psychological and physical tests can complete the full course of study. In addition to general subjects, here, on an optional basis, they teach diving, work with explosives and prepare future snipers. This special forces unit is the only one that managed to prevent the hijacking of the aircraft directly during its flight. This happened in 1996, when four commandos were flying on the same plane that the hijackers were going to hijack.
6. Squad Delta, USA
The full name of this group sounds like the First Operational Detachment-Delta. In addition to counter-terrorism operations, these guys take part in hostage rescue, raids and intelligence operations. The group was formed in 1977 after a spike in terrorist attacks. The squad consists mainly of soldiers who served in such US special forces as the Green Berets and Rangers. Men who have reached the age of 21, have passed the aptitude test with high results and have the rank of corporal or senior sergeant are accepted for training here. A series of grueling physical and psychological tests are designed to weed out the weakest. According to some reports, only 1 in 10 soldiers are fully trained. In general, the operations carried out by the Delta Squad are kept secret.
5. JTF2, Canada
The JTF2 group was formed in 1993 and expanded after the events of September 11, 2001. It is Canada's elite counterterrorism unit. It is served by members of the Canadian Armed Forces, carrying out a variety of missions. Among their duties, you can even find escorting VIPs and ensuring their personal safety. This group has participated in operations in hot spots such as rescuing hostages in Iraq, tracking down Serb snipers in Bosnia, and even participating in military conflicts in Afghanistan. And although their presence in Afghanistan was never advertised, it became known from some sources that they were involved in covert operations carried out by the US Navy special forces. The operation was so secret that even the Prime Minister of Canada found out about their participation in it only a few days later.
4. Group Alpha, Russia
The Alpha Group was created in the 1970s and conducted many successful operations in Afghanistan, among which one can note the storming of the presidential palace in Kabul, as a result of which no one survived. In 1985, a group was sent to Beirut to rescue four Soviet diplomats. And although they failed to save them, there are rumors that the group avenged the diplomats by taking the lives of family members of those involved in the terrorists. Group Alpha has been involved in a number of major counterterrorism and hostage rescue operations, including the seizure of a Moscow theater in 2002 and a school in Beslan in 2004. Hundreds of people were killed in both operations.
3. Shayetet 13, Israel
Another Israeli special forces group, Shayetet 13, is associated with the Israeli Navy. Founded in 1948, the group is involved in every major Israeli operation, be it hostage rescue, counter-terrorist attacks, or intelligence. The training here lasts 20 months and constantly keeps candidates in the strong stressful conditions... Members of the Shayetet 13 group most recently took part in operations to seize ships and weapons transported to the Gaza Strip. Their most famous operation took place after the 1972 Munich Olympics, when they tracked down and removed those responsible for organizing an attack on Israeli athletes.
2. Seals, USA
These guys have to show themselves in public from time to time. The Navy SEALs are a special forces unit of the American special forces, created in 1962 and received an almost mythical status thanks to Operation Neptune's Spear, when in 2011 in Abbottabad, Pakistan, they killed Osama bin Laden, the leader of al-Qaeda. Only the most persistent physically and spiritually are accepted into the SEAL squad. The training here lasts a year, and the tasks are so difficult that most candidates cannot even pass the qualification tests for physical fitness, which include swimming, push-ups, squats and running. Candidates who have passed the screening tests are sent to general training, then those who have completed general training are sent to the introductory training of Navy Seals, and then those who can cope with this are sent to courses vocational training Navy seals. This rigorous selection ensures that all members of this elite force are in excellent shape and capable of carrying out the most challenging missions.
1. SAS, Britain
This spetsnaz unit bypasses even the elite Navy Seals in importance. The British intelligence service SAS was founded in 1941 to work behind enemy lines and provide support to the resistance movement against the occupying forces of fascism. Mostly airborne troops serve here. The physical demands of SAS applicants are particularly rigorous, requiring tremendous stamina and the ability to march with a bag full. The final test here includes a 40 km march with a full backpack, 20 hours are allocated for everything. You will also need to swim 2 miles in an hour and a half and run 4 miles in 30 minutes. After that, you will be left in the jungle to test your survival skills and your ability to find routes. The final test includes 36 hours of interrogation designed to break your will. Those who pass all the tests will be sent for further training. The SAS military is trained on the same principles as the intelligence agents of MI5 and MI6 responsible for security, intelligence and counterintelligence.
Special Forces of the Russian Federation
Units and subdivisions of special purpose- units and units of various special services, armed forces and police (militia), as well as anti-terrorist units, are designed to neutralize and destroy terrorist formations, conduct operations deep behind enemy lines, sabotage and perform other complex combat missions.
History
A Russian theorist and author of the very ideology and concept of the use of special forces can probably be considered M. Svechnikov, who managed to convey many of his ideas to the students of the Military Academies, followers and supporters. The practical implementation and real testing of ideas was probably started by IG Starinov, he organized the first combat use during the Spanish Civil War. Probably there was a fruitful ideological exchange between M. Svechnikov and I. G. Starinov, while the latter was studying at the Academy.
Special Forces (SPN)
- "Zenith" - a special task force (OGSpN) of the KGB of the USSR
- "Omega"
- "Cascade"
- "Alpha" - specializes in the release of hostages.
- The barrier is a special unit of the Foreign Intelligence Service (Foreign Intelligence Service). The number of people is 300.
- Special divisions of the Federal Penitentiary Service Directorates for the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Each territorial subdivision has its own name (for example, OSN "Typhoon" of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia for St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region, OSN "Saturn" of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia for Moscow, OSN (b) "Rosich" of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia for the Ryazan Region)
- Special Forces FSKN
Police Special Forces (SOBR)
SOBR (special department of rapid response) - federal and regional special units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, which were regularly (until 2003) part of the Departments for Combating Organized Crime of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (units of over 200 people were called detachments since the late 1990s). Since 2002, SOBRs have been disbanded, some employees have been asked to move to the OMSN (Special Purpose Police Unit). In 2011, in connection with the reform of the internal affairs bodies, and the renaming of the "militia" into "police", the detachments of the OMSN were renamed into the OSN (special forces). Since 2012, all OSN units have been assigned the name - SOBR ( special squad fast response).
The main task of creating SOBR is the fight against organized crime, in all its manifestations, by all types and methods, and terrorism. Special forces were also successfully used in military operations conducted in the TFR.
SOBR KM GUVD in Moscow is the very first special-purpose detachment in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Founded in 1978. SOBR officers are constantly on business trips in the North Caucasus.
In accordance with the existing agreements, SOBR officers are admitted to tests for the right to wear a maroon beret, taking into account their specific service and assigned tasks. This translates into slightly modified tests.
Units and formations of the Special Forces of the Ministry of Defense of Russia
Parts and formations of the Special Forces GRU GSh
- 2nd Separate Special Purpose Brigade of the GRU (p.Pomezhitsy, Pskov District, Leningrad Military District)
- 3rd separate guards brigade of special purpose (p.Chernorechye PrivO)
- 10th Separate Special Purpose Brigade of the GRU (Molkino, Krasnodar Territory, SKVO)
- 14th Separate Special Purpose Brigade of the GRU (Ussuriysk, Primorsky Territory, Far East Military District)
- 16th Separate Special Forces Brigade of the GRU (Tambov, Moscow Military District)
- 22nd separate guards brigade of special purpose GRU (settlement Stepnoy, Rostov region, SKVO)
- 24th separate special-purpose brigade of the GRU (Irkutsk, Siberian Military District)
42nd naval reconnaissance point (Russky Island, Haluay Bay, near Vladivostok, Pacific Fleet);
- 420th naval reconnaissance point (Polyarny settlement, near Murmansk, Northern Fleet);
- 431st naval reconnaissance point (Tuapse, Black Sea Fleet);
- 561st naval reconnaissance point (Parusnoe settlement, near Baltiysk, Kaliningrad region, Baltic Fleet).
Detachments of struggle against submarine sabotage forces and means:
Parts and formations of the Special Forces of the Airborne Forces
- 45th separate reconnaissance regiment of special forces of the Airborne Forces
Special Forces of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
After the first Chechen campaign, attempts were made to form a regiment on the basis of the Vityaz detachment through the efforts of the chief of intelligence of the Internal Troops, General Kuznetsov, and his deputy, General Chevrizov, after the first Chechen campaign. However, the unit's veterans assess this step towards enlargement negatively. With the departure of the commander of the detachment V. Nikitenko, this became possible.
In 1999, on the basis of the detachment and the 1st Red Banner Regiment of ODON, the 1st Red Banner Special Purpose Regiment "Vityaz" was formed. However, after three years, he is in the interests of more effective implementation tasks was reorganized into a detachment again. Now, on the basis of the unit, the 604th Special Forces Center of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation has been formed. There is also a Special Forces of the Novocherkassk Division of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
Special Purpose Departments of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia
Special units of the Federal Penitentiary Service. They are part of the structure of the territorial departments of the Federal Penitentiary Service for the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Currently they have the name "Special Purpose Departments". The task of the units is to prevent and suppress crimes and offenses at the facilities of the FSIN, to search for and capture especially dangerous criminals, to ensure security at special events, to release hostages taken by convicts, as well as to protect senior officials of the department. Created during the period when the Criminal Executive System (GUIN) was part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
- SATURN - 04/29/92 - Moscow
- TORCH - 05/30/91 - Moscow region
- FALCON - 03/17/91 - Belgorod
- TORNADO - 11.06.91 - Bryansk
- MONOMACH - 06.21.91 - Vladimir
- SKIF - 07.07.97 - Rostov-on-Don
- URAGAN - 04.01.91 - Ivanovo
- GROM - 09.23.91 - Kaluga
- THUNDERSTORM - 06/07/92 - Kostroma
- BARS-2 - 01/15/93 - Kursk
- TITANIUM - 06.01.91 - Lipetsk
- ROSICH - 07/30/91 - Ryazan
- JAGUAR - 08/13/92 - Eagle
- PHOENIX - 09/14/91 - Smolensk
- VEPR - 04/17/93 - Tambov
- GRIF - 04.12.93 - Tula
- LYNX - 03/26/91 - Tver
- STORM - 08/19/91 - Yaroslavl
- CONDOR - 07.07.91 - Republic of Adygea
- SCORPIO - 06/07/91 - Astrakhan
- BARS - 03.13.91 - Volgograd
- EAGLE - 11.11.92 - Republic of Dagestan
- SHARK - 04.03.91 - Krasnodar
- VOLCANO - 03/14/93 - Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria
- GYURZA - 02.10.92 - Republic of Kalmykia
- RUSNA - 03/14/91 - Rostov-on-Don
- BULAT - 20.10.91 - Republic of North Ossetia
- RUBEZH - 01.03.92 - Stavropol
- SIVUCH - 08/18/93 - Arkhangelsk
- VIKING-2 - 07.23.91 - Vologda
- GRANITE - 07.07.93 - Republic of Karelia
- SAPSAN - 03/11/93 - Komi Republic
- BASTION - 06.03.91 - Kaliningrad
- ICEBERG - 07/11/91 - Murmansk
- RUSICH - 11/13/91 - Novgorod
- ZUBR - 13.11.91 - Pskov
- TAYFUN - 02.20.91 - St. Petersburg
- DELTA - 01.11.92 - Severoonezhsk
- SPRUT - 07.07.93 - Mikun
- FOBOS - 06/28/91 - Penza
- HAWK - 01.22.92 - Republic of Mari El
- RIVEZ - 03/14/91 - Saransk
- BARSY - 01/17/91 - Kazan
- GUARD - 06.08.91 - Cheboksary
- SMERCH - 04/03/91 - Ufa
- KRECHET - 01.07.91 - Izhevsk
- SARMAT - 01.02.91 - Orenburg
- BEAR - 06.02.91 - Perm
- MANGUST - 06/22/91 - Samara
- ORION - 09/05/91 - Saratov
- DIAMOND - 01.03.91 - Kirov
- BERSERK - 04.03.91 - Nizhny Novgorod
- SHKVAL - 28.11.91 - Ulyanovsk
- VARYAG - 03.23.93 - Solikamsk
- GEPARD - 04/23/93 - Yavas
- CENTAVR - 01.10.92 - Forest
- MIRAGE - 07/31/91 - Kurgan
- ROSSY - 14.01.91 - Yekaterinburg
- GRAD - 03/19/91 - Tyumen
- NORTH - 09.09.99 - Surgut
- URAL - 09.01.91 - Chelyabinsk
- VORTEX - 12.22.93 - Sosva
- SOBOL - 03/22/93 - Tavda
- ROSOMAKHA - 01.12.2008 - Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District
- EDELWEISS - 05.04.93 - Republic of Gorny Altai
- SAGITTARIUS - 07/11/91 - Ulan-Ude
- URAGAN - 06/18/91 - Irkutsk
- KODAR - 02.26.91 - Chita
- LEGION - 17.04.91 - Barnaul
- ERMAK - 02.21.91 - Krasnoyarsk
- CEDR - 09.05.91 - Kemerovo
- VIKING - 12.02.91 - Omsk
- CORSAR - 09/14/91 - Novosibirsk
- SIBERIA - 12.02.91 - Tomsk
- IRBIS - 06.06.91 - Kyzyl
- OMEGA - 06.11.91 - Abakan
- SHIELD - 02.25.91 - N. Poima
- VOSTOK - 04/01/92 - Blagoveshchensk
- SHADOW - 02/26/93 - Birobidzhan
- LEADER - 08.22.92 - Vladivostok
- POLAR WOLF - 05/27/91 - Magadan
- MIRAGE - 04.04.91 - Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
- AMUR - 12.02.91 - Khabarovsk
- WHITE BEAR - 05.05.92 - Yakutsk
- BERKUT - 03/31/93 - Kamchatka
- Interregional The educational center for the training of employees of departments of special assignment "Krasnaya Polyana" Sochi - training of special forces of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia and other power structures to perform operational-combat missions in mountainous and other special conditions. Created on August 29, 2001. Official website: www.mucsn-fsin.ru
see also
Notes (edit)
Links
- Official news of all regional departments of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia
- 1071 Separate Special Purpose Training Regiment of the GRU of the General Staff of the Ministry of Defense (Pechora Pskovskie)
- Spetsnaz. (English)
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
A few months ago, the 20th Special Forces Detachment was liquidated in Saratov. The servicemen of the unit, who had been performing service and combat missions in hot spots for twelve years, were left without work and were forced to independently look for places for further service. Orders and medals of war veterans are incalculable. And only the names of twenty-two dead brothers will forever remain in the memory.
Vladimir Zolotarev was drafted into military service in 1997 in the convoy regiment (military unit 3757), which was located in the village of Yavas, Zubovo-Polyansky district of the Republic of Mordovia. At the unit there was a special forces platoon, which recruited fighters who had successfully completed the course of a young fighter. Vladimir and several of his colleagues expressed a desire to serve in this platoon. But for this it was necessary to pass tests that not everyone can handle.
- Previously, all conscripts, like contract soldiers now, passed such an exam. It includes running, hand-to-hand combat, pull-ups, etc. I went through everything - they enrolled me in the special forces. For two months I wanted to shoot myself - it was very hard. Well, and then I got used to it, - laughs Golden (as his friends call him).
At the end of 1998, on the basis of the Saratov escort regiment, the 20th special-purpose detachment was created. Officially, the detachment's birthday is considered to be December 29th. But the staff was completed during 1999. It was then that a special forces platoon, where Zolotoy served, was sent to Saratov. Servicemen from the Bogorodsk brigade, the Engels and Penza operational special-purpose battalions (OBON) also arrived here. At that time, Vladimir Zolotarev had already signed his first contract. In Yavas, he served as a rifleman, was a corporal, and in Saratov he came to the post of commander of an assault squad and received the rank of junior sergeant. Soon he was promoted to the rank of sergeant, and in 2003 he studied as a warrant officer in Perm and was appointed deputy commander of a reconnaissance platoon.
Vladimir Gavrilov: We crossed paths with Vovka in 1998. I then served in the Penza OBON and was on a business trip in Dagestan. Once I went to Kizlyar, to the village, for firewood. And there, some "drysha" have already taken away all the firewood. I approached, I said: it is necessary to share. And they told me: yes, we serve in the special forces (they then guarded the airport in Kizlyar). They surrounded me on all sides, but my fighters were gone. I think: well, everything, now they will give me! For some firewood! I missed typing a little.
Vladimir Gavrilov (Garik) was called up for an urgent job after graduating from the Kursk school as a joiner-carpenter in 1994. The tall, strong fighter was assigned to the Penza OBON (military unit 3731), from where in 1995 he went on his first business trip to the Caucasus. In Gudermes, his battalion carried out tasks of maintaining public order. Vladimir liked the service - he signed a contract. And in 1999 he wrote a report on the transfer to the Saratov special forces to the sergeant's position as a platoon commander. In 2003, after studying in Smolensk, he was awarded the rank of ensign.
Vladimir Gavrilov: On August 8, 1999, the detachment was alerted, and on August 10, from Engels' take-off, we flew on a business trip for the first time. And I have to have a wedding in 3 days. We had such a commander, Oleg Vyacheslavovich Galakov. I told him that I would not go because it was a wedding. And he answered: "Will you go or are you a coward!" We were introduced to Dagestan, to the Botler region. I went - the wedding was postponed indefinitely. And only on September 18, 1999, the wedding did take place. Moreover, on September 3, my contract ended, and I quit. He left the squadron for 2 months, on the weekend, one might say. And then I realized that I miss, and came back.
In the army, it always seems that "free" is better. But guys, accustomed to the thrill, often cannot find themselves in civilian life. In addition, comrades in arms, whom they find in extreme conditions, with whom they carried out the most difficult, life-threatening combat missions, become the most loyal, loyal friends, capable of coming to the rescue in difficult times. It's even more than just friendship - they call each other brothers. And it was because of the little brothers that Zolotoy served in the detachment until his retirement. He resigned only in May 2010, a few months before the order came to disband the detachment.
- You can serve in spetsnaz forever, until some Wahhabite sends you to the land of eternal hunting. The desire to leave the detachment arose due to problems with the command, - explains Zolotarev.
Vladimir Fisenko, as his two comrades in arms say, is the “most military” of the three. He transferred to a detachment from the Saratov special forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, where he was a fighter of the assault group, in August 2003. Since in May of the same year he graduated from the Saratov Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, he was assigned a warrant officer immediately. Upon arrival in the detachment, Fisenko, among other awards, already had two medals "For Courage" and the right to wear a maroon beret for military merit. And in December 2003, he went on a business trip to Chechnya already from the G20. He began his combat path in the detachment from the position of deputy platoon commander of a reconnaissance group and rose to the rank of major and the position of commander of a special purpose group. With Vladimir Zoltarev and Vladimir Gavrilov, he became friends while still in the reconnaissance group.
Vladimir Fisenko: As part of the unit, we had all the joint events. We are sociable people and almost relatives, brothers, in other words, together with the group we celebrated all the holidays. Sometimes they were hooligans. Sometimes the grandmothers were transferred across the road. When my child was born, Vovka Gavrilov and I (Zolotarev was then on a business trip) went to the hospital and met a wedding on the way. They blocked the road in Engels, which leads to the weaving factory. There was a traffic jam for half an hour until the land reclamation itself. Vovka said that he wanted to become a traffic cop.
But Vladimir Zolotarev has not so happy memories. On September 29, 2000, together with Vladimir Gavrilov, they were blown up by a land mine. As the guys remember, they were going to a special operation, in Grozny they were ambushed: the lead vehicle, on which both were sitting on top, on the armor, was blown up by a side land mine. Then the shooting began. It was then that the senior machine gunner of the reconnaissance group, Dmitry Gants, died. Eight people were injured.
- I had many wounds: in the neck, in the shoulder, in the thigh, buttock ... (Laughs). Then there was the hospital. First one, then the second, then they were transferred to Saratov. Here I have already completed my treatment and two months later I left again on a business trip. They often tried to blow me up, - ironically Zolotoy.
In 2000, scouts Zolotarev and Gavrilov were awarded green berets for military service. A year later, the council of the “maroon berets” of the detachment decided to hand them maroon berets (then the maroon berets were handed over to seven scouts, as the most prepared and distinguished in battle, since they are the ones who most often take fire on themselves). As the guys say, green berets are worn only on Exploration Day. Because on other days they are confused with border guards.
Vladimir Zolotarev: Nobody thinks about rewards when they complete a task. We have two berets. Many argue which one is cooler. I believe they are equal. If you honestly passed on the beret, then you deserve respect. The change for maroon and green berets is the same.
Vladimir Fisenko was awarded a maroon beret for military service in the performance of service and combat missions in Dagestan, and also in 2000. The special forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs also had their own council of "maroon berets," which included "krapoviks" from the Dzerzhinsky division. There were also veterans from Vityaz. They decided that Fisenko was worthy of the right to wear the maroon beret. Moreover, the question never arises of what exactly to hand the beret for. Military merit is not specific operations or the number of bandits killed.
For the first time, the guys carried out a joint special operation in Dagestan in September 1999, when they did not yet know each other. Fis at that time served in the special forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and Zolotoy and Garik were already in the detachment.
Vladimir Zolotarev: We figured it out four years later, when Vovka transferred to the squadron. Once we sat and recalled: it turns out, we even waved our hands to each other! We knew that the Saratovites were also covering us from the mountain. Then the tank began to hammer at us, we were already somersaulting. Moreover, the tank was hammering on its own - they confused it, they thought that there were militants in the houses. So our first boy, Abdurakhmanov Fyatikh, died. The tank hit the house where the assault group was working. Volodya Gavrilov was also part of this assault group. He then put the shampoo in his chest pocket and was smashed by a shrapnel.
There were many special operations on the territory of the North Caucasian region of Russia during the years of service in the detachment. But it is not customary to talk about it. Particularly remembered by the comrades in arms was the participation in the special operation to eliminate Maskhadov in Tolstoy-Yurt. And that was remembered because it happened on March 8, 2005 and that the figure is more significant than other militants. Otherwise, everything was as usual: they performed the operation, took the body and returned home. I also remember that in Maskhadov's house one of the fighters took over a box of condensed milk.
Whether it is difficult to kill is said to be difficult at first. And then you get used to: "They shoot at you - you shoot." But this does not pass without consequences. Vladimir Fisenko began to stutter only in the special forces. About when exactly this happened, he says that he does not remember (or does not want to remember), laughs it off: "I fell from an armored personnel carrier at a speed of 100 km / h, could not resist, and another armored personnel carrier ran over my head."
The guys often remember the feelings during the fight. They say that the head starts to work faster, there is some kind of excitement. And only then comes the realization of the danger.
- When there is a battle, you do everything several times faster, you rush, because a lot depends on speed. Even the head starts thinking faster. The instinct of self-preservation works. And it's not scary that you will be killed. Each of us covers our brothers, helps in everything, goes back to back. The worst thing in a battle is to lose friends. And then also tell the mother that her son is no more ... This is the worst thing in our work, - says Zolotoy.
Two Orders of Courage by Vladimir Zolotarev, two medals “For Courage” by Vladimir Fisenko, the Order of Courage and a medal “For Courage” and a medal, medal, medal ... - this is how Vladimir Gavrilov lists his awards. Fighting comrades are called "just pieces of iron." They say, when presented for a medal or order, the feat is described in at least three episodes and only then is the award sent to Moscow. Often, a soldier is given one award, and is presented with a completely different one. Sometimes they may forget altogether, lose the reward or do not consider it necessary to reward - there was such a thing. It is especially offensive when it comes to the posthumous awards of the dead servicemen.
Vladimir Fisenko: The maroon beret is the main reward. This is a symbol of valor, the spirit of special forces, our main difference. Unfortunately, it is often awarded posthumously.
It is such a maroon beret that a granite fighter holds in his hands. A kneeling special forces soldier was installed on the parade ground of the detachment after ten servicemen were killed and twenty-eight were injured during a clash in Chechnya in 2000. A general meeting of the unit's personnel took place, at which it was decided to hand over money for one "combat day": officers at that time were charged 950 rubles per day spent on the territory of the North Caucasus region of Russia, and ensigns and contract soldiers - 850 rubles each. installed at the expense of the special forces. After the liquidation of the detachment, in October 2010, the monument to the Fallen Special Forces soldiers was moved to the city.
Vladimir Zolotarev: Now this is the only place where you can gather all the brothers in a heap. We call each other, write off on the Internet, and then go to our monument. We met seven times in six months. All holidays and memorable dates together.
With regret, comrades-in-arms say that the detachment is gone: “Nowhere else will there be such a friendly team. Here we spent our youth, here we found friends. " Under the first commander, Sergei Chenchik, the detachment several times in a row took first places among all Russian special forces. This is not the result of participating in any competitions. Victory consists of indicators of discipline, combat and physical fitness. There were no conscripts in the detachment - well-trained, experienced servicemen served here.
Currently, Major Vladimir Fisenko continues to serve in another special unit. Ensign Vladimir Gavrilov is at the disposal and awaits a post in the Engels squadron. Both earned pensions and received apartments in the detachment due to their seniority. But Vladimir Zolotarev did not receive an apartment - housing was provided only to those servicemen who signed the first contract before 1998. 21 years of service was not a sufficient reason to provide a special forces veteran with housing. Now he works as a security guard at a brick factory and receives a pension of 5,500 rubles. And she really misses her brothers.
Special Forces(Special Forces), (commando, special forces, English special forces) - specially trained units of state intelligence and counterintelligence services, army, aviation, navy, protection of senior state officials and police (militia), whose personnel has a high combat, fire, physical and psychological training, the task of which is to solve specific combat missions in extremely extreme conditions.
RUSSIA
In the photo: airborne troops
Special Forces of the GRU of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
Special units of the SVR
Russian airborne troops
Russian Marine Corps
Special Forces of the Border Troops of the FSB of Russia
Special Forces of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
The tasks of the center and the detachments include carrying out anti-terrorist measures in the operational service area, searching for and eliminating illegal armed groups, eliminating mass riots, arresting especially dangerous criminals, and releasing hostages.
Police special forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs
Special Forces of the Federal Penitentiary Service
Special units of the Federal Penitentiary Service. Currently they have the name "Special Purpose Departments". The task of the unit is to prevent and suppress crimes and offenses at the facilities of the FSIN, to search for and capture especially dangerous criminals, to ensure security at special events, to release hostages taken by convicts, as well as to protect senior officials of the department.
Special Forces of the Ministry of Emergency Situations
In the photo: soldiers of the "SEAL" ("Navy seals") unit
The US Armed Forces operates the US Special Operations Command, which includes the United States Special Operations Forces. A common mistake is calling the MTR "US Special Forces", which is incorrect, since only "Green Berets" are "special forces".
ISRAEL
In the photo: fighters of the anti-terrorist unit "Shayetet 13"
Israeli Navy Special Forces
Special Forces Mossad
Israel Police Special Forces
Other
FRANCE
In the photo: fighters of the anti-terrorist unit "GIGN"
Special Operations Command (General Commandant les Operations Speciales (GCOS)
It unites under its command all available in the composition armed forces units and formations designed to conduct reconnaissance in the deep rear of the enemy, as well as to carry out sabotage actions and other special measures, and units that support their activities. Tasks - Provision of military assistance, which consists in training foreign military personnel, mainly African states that have concluded an agreement on military assistance with France, in conducting military support operations - is to use the experience of conducting deep raids on enemy territory, combating terrorism, influence operations imply conducting psychological operations.
GCOS includes:
Parts of the GSA - Groupment special autonome:
1 company is designed to carry out operations outside the city, forcing water barriers and guarding and escorting especially important persons. Company 2 specializes in urban operations, sabotage and sniping. In addition, the company fighters are being trained in the use of mine explosives, as well as practicing the "burglary and penetration" technique. The 3rd company provides fire support with heavy mortar fire, air defense, and also conducts reconnaissance on light all-terrain vehicles.
Air Force Special Forces. These include:
Special Forces of the Land Forces of France
Special Forces navy France
Traditionally, special forces of the French Navy are named after the officers being the first commanders.
The five remaining squads are the French counterpart of the British SBS Special boat squodron and the American SEALs. However, the "Hubert" detachment stands out from general list... It is fully equipped with combat swimmers.
Special Forces of the French Gendarmerie
From the middle of the 20th century, special anti-terrorist special-purpose units began to appear in the armed forces of different countries. Today they exist in over 50 countries. We will tell you about the most famous and powerful ones.
United Kingdom
"22nd Regiment of Special Airborne Service" (SAS-22). Formed during the Second World War. In terms of combat training, it is comparable only to the Israeli counter-terrorist units, but surpasses them in armament. According to some reports, 500 people are serving within the unit. Despite the strict secrecy, he pays a lot of attention to the creation of publicity. The most successful operations are actions against the IRA in Ireland, Holland and Germany. She has participated in thousands of operations from the Sahara to Malaysia. The most famous operation is the release of hostages at the Iranian embassy in London. Over the entire history of its existence, several dozen employees died in Northern Ireland and in Iraq during Operation Desert Storm.
Germany
"Federal Border Protection Group" (GSG-9). Created after the Munich tragedy during the 1976 Olympics. This was the group's first operation. Then one of the TV journalists installed a TV camera in the house opposite the building with hostages and terrorists, and the terrorists watched all the preparations of the "GSG" diplomats during trips to the Middle East. Assists German counterintelligence by organizing surveillance of terrorists. Number - about 200 people. There are no women in the unit, but sometimes the group is used by German counterintelligence officers. During its existence, more than 5 thousand operations have been carried out. Ten members died at the hands of terrorists. The most famous operation - October 1977 in Mogadishu (Somalia), the release of a plane seized by Arab terrorists with more than 100 hostages. The German service was invited to eliminate the terrorists also because the terrorists demanded to release the leaders of the Faction from German prisons. Red Army ", the German left-wing radical group, the war with which "GSG" considered its main business in the 70s. Failures - 1994 the murder of Wolfgang Grams, a member of the Red Army Faction. During the capture of the RAF leaders Grams and Brigit Hogefeld on the metro platform, one of the members of the special squad was killed in a shootout. And then Grams was shot at point-blank range. When the firefight ended, two GSG officers bent over the wounded Grams and shot him with his own pistol.
France
National Gendarmerie Intervention Group (GIGN). Created in March 1974 to combat Arab terrorism in France. Initially, it consisted of 15 volunteer gendarmes. Today the number of the group is 200 people. Over the entire period of its existence, about 500 people have been rescued and about 100 anti-terrorist operations have been carried out. Ten soldiers of the unit were killed. The most successful operation was the rescue of 18 hostages of a plane in Marseille, which was hijacked by terrorists in 1994. The GIGN fighters became famous during the suppression of a riot of prisoners in the French prison of Clairvaux in January 1978, in the liberation from armed fanatics of the main Muslim shrine of the Kaaba in Mecca (Saudi Arabia) in September 1979, in an operation to restore order on the island of New Caledonia during the uprising of the natives -kanakov in May 1988.
Austria
"Cobra", the anti-terrorist unit of the Austrian police. Formed in 1978. The number is 200 people. The Austrian authorities decided to create their own anti-terrorist unit after the 1973 OPEC ministers were attacked by terrorists. In 1978, the Austrian authorities officially announced the creation of the Cobra. The unit is subordinate to the Director General of Public Security at the Austrian Ministry of Internal Affairs. In addition to anti-terrorist activities, Cobra is responsible for the protection of Vienna's Schwekat airport. The militants are armed with 9mm French pistols. According to experts, this weapon is best suited for anti-terrorist operations. So far, not a single Cobra member has died, which is why the Austrian unit is considered one of the best anti-terrorist groups.
Israel
"Reconnaissance group of the General Staff of the Ministry of Defense" (Sayeret Matkal). Created in 1957 as a special reconnaissance unit, in 1968 it switched to anti-terrorist activities. The number is unknown, but it is known that the soldiers are very young (from 18 to 21 years old). For every hundred terrorists killed, one unit soldier is killed. Former Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and the current head of government, Ehud Barak, once served in the detachment. The group has participated in over a thousand shares. It is considered the best anti-terrorist unit in the world. The most famous operation was in July 1976, the release of 103 hostages in Antebbe.
"Flying Leopards" ("Sayeret Golani"). The infantry unit, which because of its markings is also called "Flying Leopards." It was formed in 1959 from the best soldiers of the elite infantry brigade "Golani". Until 1974, they were considered an anti-terrorist unit, while the fighters did not undergo special training, preferring unpretentious army methods. Hence their biggest failure. In May 1974, three Arab terrorists took over a school in the northern Israeli town of Ma'alot. The unit's soldiers literally riddled two terrorists with bullets, killing 25 schoolchildren and wounding 100 more. It was after this failure that Sayeret Golani began to teach special anti-terrorist methods.
"YAMAM" (YAMAM) - a division of the Israeli police. The number is about 200 people. Performs up to 200 operations annually. There are two women in the group today. It was created in 1974 as a special service responsible for anti-terrorist actions exclusively within Israel. One of their first operations to free a hostage bus captured in 1977 near Tel Aviv ended in complete failure. During the operation, 33 hostages were killed and more than 70 were injured. Since 1978, there have been no more hostage losses. 20 officers of the unit were killed.
Jordan
"Special Operations Squad-71". Created in 1971. The number is about 150 people. Fights Islamic terrorists and drug smugglers. The members of the unit underwent special training under the guidance of the Americans and the British. There were no cases of death of hostages, but there were losses among the members of the unit. The most famous operation was to prevent the seizure of the Intercontinental Hotel in Amman by Palestine Liberation Organization terrorists in 1970.
USA
Detachment "Delta". Operational detachment of the special forces of the American army. Created in 1976. Moreover, at first it was supposed to create anti-terrorist groups in the United States on the basis of the "Green Berets", but the high command of the US Armed Forces decided to create new forces. Therefore, to this day, "Delta" is in tough confrontation with the US Marines. Based at Fort Bragg, North Carolina. At one time they were the favorites of the American President Ronald Reagan. The main anti-terrorist unit of the United States, created in the mid-70s. Engaged in the release of American hostages abroad. The number is about 500 people. There are two women. During its existence, it took part in hundreds of covert operations around the world. Including in the wars in Panama and Grenada. The most successful operation is actions against Iraq during the Gulf War. The biggest failure was an attempt to free the hostages at the US Embassy in Tehran in 1980. During the assault attempt, the Americans accidentally set fire to a helicopter, an airplane, a fuel depot and a bus, and the Delta militants fled in panic. 53 hostages stayed in the embassy for 444 days and were released only through negotiations.
New York Police Emergency Service Unit (ESU). The number is about 400 people, of which about a dozen are women. Equipped with heavy weapons, have cover groups. Rescued about 500 hostages, lost about three dozen of their militants. The largest operation is the protection of the Pope during his visit to the United States in October 1995. This structure, reminiscent of a small army, is involved in an average of 2,500 operations per year.
Los Angeles Police Force (SWAT). Created after youth riots in the United States in 1965. An elite unit used both domestically and internationally. The number is 70 people, one of them is a woman. Known for their fight against the US terrorist organization "Black Panthers", the elimination of the kidnappers of the daughter of the newspaper tycoon Hirst. Throughout its existence, the detachment has freed more than a hundred hostages, and none of them died. But in the unit itself killed about a dozen officers.
Russia
Directorate "A" of the Special Forces Center of the FSB of Russia (Former group "Alpha"). The idea of creating a special unit for the fight against terrorism within the USSR belongs to Yuri Andropov (At first it was detachment 7 of the KGB "Alpha", created in 1974. Then there were only 40 "Alfovtsy" - officers and warrant officers from the KGB of Moscow and the Moscow region). The number is 200 people. Over the 25 years of their work, the "Alpha" fighters have freed a total of more than a thousand hostages taken by terrorists in Tbilisi, Mineralnye Vody, Sukhumi, Sarapul. received an order to retreat. Throughout its existence, "Alpha" has lost 10 soldiers, three of them died in Budennovsk.
Directorate "V" of the FSB Special Forces Center (Former group "Vympel"). In 1981, under the "S" (illegal intelligence) department of the First Main Directorate of the KGB of the USSR, the "Vympel" group was created. Its status formally sounded like "a separate training center of the KGB of the USSR", But in fact, as it is assumed, the group was intended for reconnaissance and sabotage activities outside the country. At first there were only 300 people in the group, but very quickly it became one of the best units Special forces in the world. The group did not have loud failures. Information about successful operations is still almost not disclosed. It is known that once during an exercise, the Vympel divers attacked and seized the Siberia nuclear icebreaker from under the ice. went on operations to Afghanistan, Mozambique, Angola, Vietnam, Nicaragua. In 1994, within the framework of the FSB, the Vympel group turned into a V ”(Vega”) subdivision.
