Korean Korean Caurizer Company. Korean canonere boat

In the literature and art, the image of the Korean canoner boat is inextricably linked with the image of the Varyag cruiser and unequal battle at Velpo. However, in addition to the fight on January 27, 1904, this canonerer boat has an interesting, albeit less well-known public, military biography.

The nautical canonte boat "Korean" was built on Russian order at one of the Swedish shipyards and entered into force in 1887 the ship had a displacement of 1334 tons, and could develop speed up to 13.4 nodes (about 25 km / h.). Armament consisted of two 203 mm tools on sponsons in the nose part of the ship, one retiratory 152 mm gun, four 107 mm guns, four 37 mm rainflash guns and one torpedo tube. A significant part of the Korean service was held on Far Eastwhere the boat served as a staters in a number of Japanese and Korean ports. The military debut of "Korean" in June 1900 became an artillery duel with Forts of the Chinese fortress Taku. In the midst of a battle, 203 mm, a projectile with "Korean" caused a burst of a wiping at one of the forts, which predetermined the outcome of the artillery confrontation. For this fight, Korean would be awarded by the St. George Silver Horb. Significantly injured and canoner itself, having received from six to eight direct hits. Nine crew members died and twenty injured. During the extinguishing of a fire on Korean, an artillery officer of the boat Lieutenant Burakov was killed by a broken projectile. Subsequently, the name of this hero was wary of the highest-speed ship of the Russian-Japanese war - destroyer "Lieutenant Burakov".

The Russian-Japanese war found "Korean" with the Cruiser "Varyag" in the Korean port of Chelpo (Sovr. Incheon). On January 26, 1904, less than a day before the Japanese fleet attack on the Russian squadron in Port Arthur there was a first episode of a combat clash of another undeclared war. For the restoration of the Varyaig Commander, Varyagov, violated from the squadron, Vaudnev "Korean" under the command of Captain 2nd rank P. Belyaeva was sent to Port Arthur. During the movement of the canoner boat through a narrow strait, the Japanese squadron began dangerous provocative maneuvering around the Russian canoner, as a result of which the Dzubama Midworker flew a stranded and got a hole. The second phase of the incident was associated with the use of weapons by both parties. The Japanese destroyers were released practically in the "Korean" three Mines of Whitehead (torpedoes), two of which were passed by, and the third, drowned a few meters from the Russian canoners. In response from Korean, several shots made of 37 mm revolving guns were made. Losses and damage (except for the unfounded "Tsubama") did not have. After the incident "Korean" was forced to return to the raid of Chetselpo.

The last commander of Korean Grigory Pavlovich Belyaev

On January 27, 1904, Japanese Ultimatum prescribed Russian ships to leave the port of Selfpo, otherwise the enemy threatened to attack Russian ships on the site of anchor parking. Until now, in the literature, the composition of the Japanese forces in the battle at Cheklpo is assessed on January 27, 1904. It is more likely that the Korean cruiser and the Korean canoners boat were attacked by the Japanese squadron of the counter-admiral Uriu as part of 14 ships - 6 cruisers and 8 dossies. Externally, a huge numerical and high-quality advantage of the Japanese, who did not use the enemy during the battle. It is necessary to take into account that on the eve of the battle at Chelpo of the Surift urie, not even 14, and 15 Vimpels - the armored cruiser "Asama", the armored cruisers "Naniva", "Takachiho", "Nietaka", "Chiya", "Akasi" and the eight destroyers and Avizo "Chieya". True, on the eve, as mentioned above, the Japanese suffered the sky losses, and one unit in the Surift was temporarily less. It did not participate in the battle and the messenger "Chihaya", which, nevertheless, was in the immediate vicinity of the battlefield. In fact, a group of four Japanese cruisers, a group of four Japanese cruisers led the battle of the battle, and two more cruisers participated episodically, and the presence of the Japanese of the destination Japanese had a factor of presence.

Before the fight at Korean, the walls were cut down (the top of the mast) to make a deliberate error in the shooting of Japanese commanders. The Japanese calculated the distance to the goal with the help of the pristence of Luzhol, focusing on the table, and not the real height of the host of the target. Therefore, during the shooting in Korean, the Japanese shells lay with inexplicable flights for the enemy. As a result of the battle on January 27, the Russian canoner of losses and damage did not have (only one fragment struck the board by 30 cm. Higher than Waterlinia). Answered fire boat led from two 203 mm and one 152 mm guns. When converging with the enemy, three shots were made of 107 mm. guns, but the fire of them was immediately discontinued when it became clear that the enemy was out of reach. In literature and art created artistic image As if "Varyag" and "Korean" were under a hail of Japanese shells. However, the numbers given in the reports of the Russian and Japanese ships commanders give a slightly different picture. In just 50 minutes of battle at a cheap, six Japanese cruisers spent 419 shells. In response from Korean, twenty-two 203 mm projectile was released, twenty-seven 152 mm, three - 107 mm. "Varyag" During the battle, if we proceed from the report by V. F. Rudneva, 1105 shells spent.

Burst "Korean" in cheek

It turns out that in battle at a cheap, two Russian ship released shells almost three times more than the entire Japanese squadron. The discussion remains the question of how in Russian ships was carried out to account for the spent shells or the figure was indicated by approximately the results of the survey of crews. The impact of the Fire "Varyag" and "Korean" disputes also do not subscribe. Russian sources point to very large enemy losses: a surceded destroyer, 30 killed and 200 wounded. They are based mainly in the opinion of representatives of foreign powers that observed the battle. Over time, two District Minor and Cruiser "Takachiho" were already in the "Skilled" (by the way, these data and fell into thin. The film "Cruiser Varyag"). And if the fate of some Japanese destroyers really causes questions, then the cruiser "Takachiho", albeit not very safely, but survived the Russian-Japanese war and died 10 years later with all the crew at the siege of Qingdao. The reports of all commanders of Japanese cruisers indicate the absence of losses and damage on their ships. Another question: where after the battle in Chetlpo for two months "disappeared" the main opponent "Varyag" armored cruiser "Asam". Neither Port Arthur, nor in the composition of the cruisers acting against the Vladivostok detachment, the Squadron of Admiral Kamimura was not. And this is at the very beginning of the war, when the outcome of the confrontation was far from being resolved. It is likely that the ship that became the main goal of the tools "Varyag" and "Korean" was seriously damaged, but at the beginning of the war in the propaganda goals of the Japanese side about it was undesirable.

The glory of the Cruiser "Varyag" turned out to be so loud that the Korean's canoner boat was not so much left, although it was this modest ship in the very center of events who were playing on the Korean port of Svyptop on February 8, 1904.

By the beginning of the Russian-Japanese war "Korean" had a cohesive, well-trained crew, headed by an experienced commander - 46-year-old captain of the 2nd rank G.P. Belyaev. Experienced military sailor, G.P. Belyaev did not give any illusions about the possible outcome of the battle with the enemy who had more than nine-time superiority over Russian ships in the mass of onboard volley and in conditions when "Varyag" and "Korean" were completely devoid of spaces for a wide maneuver.
The "Korean" was cut down the steps, removed the gaffles on the fock and grotto masts, Bizan-Gick and other wooden and fire-hazardous structures - lads, light hatches, etc. Luke of the machine compartment was closed by combat grilles from grate and grids from an inch steel cable . All the waterproof doors, hatches and necks were treated, made a plaster for embedding samples, launched dressings, and he together with the "Varyag" went into his the last fight. In the presence of the Commission from officers, all ciphers, secret orders and maps were burned. It was left only a watched magazine that was decided to keep as long as possible. Then prepared for an explosion both CHUIT-CAMERA.

From the report of the commander "Koreitsa" G.P. Belyaeva: "Responding to the Japanese, opened fire from the right 8 dm of the row gun, directing it to" Asama "and" Takashiho ". He shot fugasic bombs. When the first shell gave a big ear, the sights put on the maximum distance, but nevertheous were unlawful ; In view of what temporarily stopped the fire. But soon he opened it from the right 8 dm and the feed 6 DM guns. When an explosion was seen near the Kruiser Kruiser's fodder, "the team welcomed the" Hurray "of this first good luck. In addition, it was noticed The explosion and on the fourth, in order of building, a Japanese cruiser.

Shells of the enemy, except for three lane, gave flights for me. The enemy was also shot by fugasic shells, equipped, apparently liditis; Most of them burst under fall. One of the many fragments that flew around the boat, breaksitibly the concurrent separation of 1 foot higher than Waterlinia. At about 12 o'clock 15 minutes of the day, when the "Varyag", having a noticeable roll, turned to the raid, followed him, giving a complete move - and covered it, first with the fire of the left 8 dm. and feed 6 dm. guns, and then only feeding fire. Of 9 Fun. The guns in battle were made three shots, but due to the launches, the shooting of these guns stopped. "The sea around the" Korean "was boiling from breaks, but no enemy shell fell into the ship ...

"For further news, the cruiser" Asama "is badly damaged: he has a fodder tower and destroyed in many places armor; he was introduced into the dock in Japan. The cruiser" Takashiho ", after the fight sent to Japan to correct damage, sank in the sea .

Both in battle and in these difficult days, the whole person, entrusted to me the boat, starting with a senior officer and ending with the last sailor, showed high battle qualities and served with unshakable courage and courage. All performed their duty. In battle made of 8 dm. gun-22 shot, out of 6 dm.-27 and out of 9 pound guns-3 shot. There were no killed and wounded. "

Understanding that the continuation of the fight will lead to the useless death of people without applying any harm to the enemy, it was decided to explode ships, teams by agreement with the commanders of foreign stationers to place on their ships to avoid shameful captivity. On Korean began to prepare for an explosion. Soon, the boats began to fall off the boats, passing the French cruiser "Pascal" wounded on board the French cruiser, and then other team members. With the "Korean", his commander G. P. Belyaev came down.
At about 16 hours 5 minutes over the raid rolled powerful explosion - Califaiter worked in the Korean Camera Camera. The housing of the boat ripped into several parts ...

On the "Varyag", Kingstons opened and flooded the cruiser, as the commanders of foreign ships were asked V.F. Rudneva refrain from the explosion, fearing for the safety of their ships .... Newspapers literally all over the world reported on the feat of the Russian sailors, the enthusiastic reception was expected in their homeland.
The personal composition of both ships was awarded by Georgievsky crosses and a special medal "For the fight" Varyaga "and" Korean "Jan 27. 1904
In 1905, the Korean canoners boat was raised by the Japanese and handed over to the layer.

Characteristics and design

Korean is a Russian nautical canoners with heavy artillery, designed to protect coastal waters. Head ship of a large series of Russian nautical canoners. It was laid on the Russian project in 1886 in Stockholm, launched on August 7, 1886, entered into force in 1888.

Displacement 1334 ta
The power of the horizontal steam machine of the dual expansion is 1564 liters. from.,
String speed 13.5 knots.
The length of the highest 66.3 m,
width 10.7,
Average recess of 3.5 m.
Booking: Deck 12.7 mm.
Armament: 2 - 203-mm guns, 1-152 mm gun, 4-9-pound, 2-7-mm,
4-37-mm and 1 landing gun.

The original is taken by W. seleznev_MS. inKorean canonere boat

Glory cruiser "Varyag" It turned out to be so loud that for the Korean's canoner boat, it was not so much left, although it was this modest ship that was in the very center of events that were playing on the Korean port of Nipers on February 8, 1904.

By the beginning of the Russian-Japanese war "Korean" had a cohesive, well-trained crew, headed by an experienced commander - 46-year-old captain of the 2nd rank G.P. Belyaev. Experienced military sailor, G.P. Belyaev did not give any illusions about the possible outcome of the battle with the enemy who had more than nine-time superiority over Russian ships in the mass of onboard volley and in conditions when "Varyag" and "Korean" were completely devoid of spaces for a wide maneuver.
The "Korean" was cut down the steps, removed the gaffles on the fock and grotto masts, Bizan-Gick and other wooden and fire-hazardous structures - lads, light hatches, etc. Luke of the machine compartment was closed by combat grilles from grate and grids from an inch steel cable . All the waterproof doors, hatches and necks, made a plaster for embedding samples, launched dressings, and it came out with the "Varyag" to his last fight. In the presence of the Commission from officers, all ciphers, secret orders and maps were burned. It was left only a watched magazine that was decided to keep as long as possible. Then prepared for an explosion both CHUIT-CAMERA.

From the report of the commander "Koreitsa" G.P. Belyaeva: "Responding to the Japanese, opened fire from the right 8 dm of the row gun, directing it to" Asama "and" Takashiho ". He shot fugasic bombs. When the first shell gave a big ear, the sights put on the maximum distance, but nevertheous were unlawful ; In view of what temporarily stopped the fire. But soon he opened it from the right 8 dm and the feed 6 DM guns. When an explosion was seen near the Kruiser Kruiser's fodder, "the team welcomed the" Hurray "of this first good luck. In addition, it was noticed The explosion and on the fourth, in order of building, a Japanese cruiser.

Understanding that the continuation of the fight will lead to the useless death of people without applying any harm to the enemy, it was decided to explode ships, teams by agreement with the commanders of foreign stationers to place on their ships to avoid shameful captivity. On Korean began to prepare for an explosion. Soon, the boats began to fall off the boats, passing the French cruiser "Pascal" wounded on board the French cruiser, and then other team members. With the "Korean", his commander G. P. Belyaev came down.
At about 16 o'clock 5 minutes, a powerful explosion rolled over raid - a Falish Faeer was worked in the Korean Cam Chamber. The housing of the boat ripped into several parts ...

On the "Varyag", Kingstons opened and flooded the cruiser, as the commanders of foreign ships were asked V.F. Rudneva refrain from the explosion, fearing for the safety of their ships .... Newspapers literally all over the world reported on the feat of the Russian sailors, the enthusiastic reception was expected in their homeland.
The personal composition of both ships was awarded by Georgievsky crosses and a special medal "For the fight" Varyaga "and" Korean "Jan 27. 1904
In 1905, the Korean canoners boat was raised by the Japanese and handed over to the layer.

Characteristics and design

Designed in Russia as part of a shipbuilding program for 1882-1902. The project was developed on the tactical and technical task of the Marine Technical Committee (ITC), which provided for displacement of 1300 tons, the speed of about 14 nodes, armor deck, a small sediment and enhanced artillery armament. Observation of the works carried out a ship engineer Mustafin. The ships were intended for the stationary service and artillery support for their troops at the Primorsky Theater of Military Activities, as well as in the River deltas.

The body of the ship was performed with a cockpit from Siemens-Martenovskaya steel and had a semi-branch, upper and armored deck. The stentever under the water spoke coolly performed forward, forming a ram. Outside, zilly kili were provided, located in the middle of the case, which ensured the decrease in the onboard pitch. On the deck of a semi-love, which had a flooring from a tree, placed two revolving 37-mm guns and deck portholes for additional natural lighting of the nose of the upper deck. The upper deck of the ship, also had a wooden flooring, which was adopted on most ships of the Russian fleet. In the nose of the upper deck under the debacco placed a bushprit, anchors and a spire. Along the side cuts of the upper deck, and along the length of the ship - from the nasal 203-mm guns that were taken out on Sponsons and until the end of the stern there were high fiscalbrats of the boxed shape, in which, along the sides were kept, the suspension beds of the crew were stored and four 107-mm guns were located . The armor deck consisted of a 10-mm thick plates, which were located slightly higher than the waterline. Additional protection of the housing was provided by coal pits, located along the sides throughout machine-boiler departments, under the cut of armor deck. The heating of the premises was provided by steam heating. The ship was completed with armored combat logs and a commander bridge located above it. The feed weapon of 152-mm caliber was located on Utah and had an angle of fire up to 130 °. The cabins of officers and the ship commander were located in the stern, and the premises of the team in the nose part of the canoner boat. The silhouette of the canoner boat had one smoke pipe and three masts with a breakdown of brigantine (later snap-in replaced, like schooner).

The ship's non-optimability was provided by the division of the body with waterproof bulkheads on 10 compartments:

Tamane compartment, frosting;
Chain box, ski pantry, bushprit room;
Crighters, pantry, household premises team, kubrick, sailing pantry;
Boezapass nasal cellar, teams, spice machine room;
Depositable water tanks;
Cabins of officers, fodder hukes and bombing cellars;
Cabin commander and cabin officers;
Drug branch.

Rescue facilities included 1 Barcas, 1 steam boat, 2 ilobota and 1 sceneled yal.

The power plant is mechanical, dual with two horizontal steam machines of a double extension with a capacity of 750 liters. from. Each and 4 fireproof boilers placed in one machine and one boiler houses. Steam machine three-cylinder with one low-pressure cylinder, one average pressure, one high pressure. Machines worked on two side bronze trothed screws. The total speed of the canoner boat was 13.5 knots.

Arms of the ship consisted:

Of the 4 single-barreled 107-mm krapping guns with a length of a barrel of 20 calibers, arranged on top deck. The gun was installed on a swivel metallic machine of the Baranovsky with a hydraulic compressor and spring jacket and did not have an armor-shield. The trunk of the row, was completed with a wedge lock weighing 56.5 kg. Setting the installation included 9 people. Cast iron grenade weighing 12.4 kg developed the initial speed in 373 m / s and had a shooting range on a marine or coastal target at an elevation angle of + 27.3 ° - up to 5.5 km. The mass of the installation with the machine reached 1.46 tons.

The ship was built on the shipyard of the firm "Bergzund Mekanisk" in Stockholm.

The head "Korean" joined the fleet in 1887.

Tactical and technical details of the Korean canoner boat Displacement: Normal 1224 tons The length is the greatest: 66.3 metersQLL length: 64.4 meters

The width is the largest:	10.7 meters
The height of the board on Middle:	5 meters
Case sediment:	3.5 meters
Power point:	2 steam machines 750 liters. p., 2 screws, 1 steering wheel, 4 fireburnea boiler
String speed:	full 13.5 knots, economic 8 nodes
Navigation range:	2850 miles with 8 nodes and under sails
Autonomy:	10 days
Armament:	.
artillery:	4x1 107-mm guns, 4x5 37 mm gun
mine:	1x1 380-mm surface
Crew:	162 people (12 officers)

Nautical canonse boat "Manjur"

- Designed in Russia as part of a shipbuilding program for 1882-1902. The project was developed on the tactical and technical task of the Marine Technical Committee (MTC) and provided for displacement of 1300 tons, the speed of about 14 nodes, armor deck, a small sediment and enhanced artillery armament. The project of the same type with the Korean ship had significant differences. Watching the ship was appointed ship engineer Chernigov. The canoner boat was intended for a stationary service.

The body of the ship was performed with a cockpit from Siemens-Martenovskaya steel and had a semi-branch, upper and armored deck. The slander under the water somewhat performed forward, forming Spirry (Taran). Outside, zilly kili were provided, located in the middle of the case, which ensured the decrease in the onboard pitch. On the deck of semi-kilk, there are two revolving 37 mm guns and deck portholes for additional natural lighting of the nose of the upper deck. The upper deck of the ship, also had a wooden flooring, which was adopted on most ships of the Russian fleet. Along the side cuts of the upper deck, and along the length of the ship - from the nasal 203-mm guns that were taken out on Sponsons and until the end of the stern there were high fiscalbrats of the boxed shape, in which, along the sides of the sponsons of 203-mm guns to sponsons 47-mm guns The carriage of the crew was stored. The armor deck consisted of a 10-mm thick plates, which were located slightly higher than the waterline. Additional protection of the housing was provided by coal pits, located along the sides throughout machine-boiler departments, under the cut of armor deck. The heating of the premises was provided by steam heating. The ship was equipped with armored combat log and located over her commander's bridge and a quota unarround superstructure. The feed weapon of 152-mm caliber was located on Utah and had an angle of fire up to 130 °. The cabins of officers and the ship commander were located in the stern, and the premises of the team in the nose part of the canoner boat. The silhouette of the canoner boat had one smoke pipe, which was completed with the device for its lifting and lowering, as well as three masts with snasthing schooners.

The ship's non-optimability was provided by the division of the body with waterproof bulkheads by 12 compartments:

Thane compartment;
Forep, painting pantry, mine (torpedo) compartment, storming of a bushprit;
Chain box, team premises, room under the semi-grandfather;
Crosquitors, storerooms, team premises, sailing pantry;
Skipper pantry, team premises;
Nasal cellar of the ammunition, team premises;
Water tanks;
Boiler room, coal pits;
Machine compartment, coal pits;
Feed crew cameras and bombing cellars, cabins of officers and cabins of officers;
Refrigerator and the provision branch, cabin commander and cabins of officers;
Drug branch.

The steering device turned on the steering machine, which was controlled from the steering wheel through the transmission system. The car drove 1 by a semi-abandon wheel.

Rescue facilities included 2 barcases, 1 steam boat, 1 venobot and 2 fourth yals.

The power plant is mechanical, dual-hole with two horizontal steam machines of a triple extension with a capacity of 860 liters. from. Each and 6 fireproof boilers placed in one machine and one boiler houses. Steam machine three-cylinder with one low-pressure cylinder, one average pressure, one high pressure. Machines worked on two side bronze trothed screws. The full speed of the canonere boat was 14 knots.

Arms of the ship consisted:

Of the 2 single-barreled 203-mm krucks with a barrel length of 35 calibers located on the side sponsons in the nose of the upper deck. The gun was located on Dubov's Rotary Machine with the central pin and had an armor shield. The angle of vertical hovering of the stem from -5 ° to + 15 °, and the angle of horizontal targeting was up to 200 °. The cutting trunk was completed with a wedge cylindroprismic lock weighing 417.7 kg. Firing Lighting Rights with light shells weighing 90 kg over sea or coastal target at an angle of inclination + 15 ° and the initial rate of the projectile 663 m / s reached 9.15 km. The range of shooting by armor-piercing projectiles weighing 133 kg for marine target at the angle of inclination + 15 ° and the initial rate of the projectile 583 m / s reached 8.1 km. Shooting control was carried out visually. The mass of the artillery installation with a shield without a shield was 21.36 tons.
Of the 1 single-barreled 152-mm gun of the Obukhov plant with a length of a barrel of 28 calibers, located in the aft part of the upper deck. The gun on the rotary machine with the friction compressor, had an armor shield. The cutting barrel was completed with a wedge lock weighing 172 kg. Cooling trunk air, single unitary bipuit with manual charging. Setting the installation included 12 people. The angle of vertical hovering of the trunk was from -6 ° to + 12 °, and the angle of horizontal guidance is up to 130 °. The cast iron shell weighing 37.26 kg developed the initial speed of 535 m / s and had a shooting range on a marine or coastal target at an angle of elevation in + 6 ° - up to 3.9 km, and at the angle of elevation + 12 ° - to 5.7 km. Shooting control was carried out visually. The mass of the artillery installation with the machine was 8.5 tons.
Of the 2 single-barreled 47-mm giek guns with a length of 43 caliber barrel, located coming around on sponsons in the aft of the upper deck. Installation rate was 15 shots / min, air cooling, single unitary bippet. Manual charging. The calculation of the gun included 4 people. The initial speed of the projectile reached 701 m / s, and the shooting range on marine or coastal target is up to 5 km.
Of the 4 five-lumal 37-mm giek vellar guns with a barrel length of 20 calibers, there are two on the semi-born and two on the wings of the bridge. A bunch of five trunks through two copper disks was combined into one unit, and the bodice unit rotated the gunner. The gun was installed in a copper glass, which was attached to the board or other part of the vessel with six bolts. The rapid fracture without correcting the tip was 32 SET. / min. Pomegranate weighing 0.5 kg developed the initial speed of 442 m / s and had a signing range of marine or coastal target at an elevation angle of + 11 ° to 2.8 km. The mass of the instrument with the lock reached 209 kg.
Of the 1 single-tube 380-mm surface torpedo apparatus, located still in Formstevne. Torpeda Whitehead had the weight of the BC 42.64 kg with the weight of the torpedo itself in 410 kg. The speed of the torpedo movement was 21 nodes, and the range of up to 731.52 meters.

The ship was built on the shipyard of the company "Burmeyster Og Vine" in Copenhagen.

Tactical and technical details of the canoner boat "MANZUR" Displacement: Normal 1418 tons The length is the greatest: 66.7 metersQLL length: 63.7 meters

The width is the largest:	12.2 meters
The height of the board on Middle:	5.2 meters
Case sediment:	3.8 meters
Power point:	2 steam machines of 860 liters. p., 2 screws, 1 Steering wheel, 6 fireburpot boilers
String speed:	full 14 knots, economic 8 nodes
Navigation range:	2100 miles at 8 nodes and under sails
Autonomy:	10 days
Armament:	.
artillery:	2x1 203 mm gun, 1x1 152 mm gun, 2x1 47-mm guns, 4x5 37-mm gun
mine:	1x1 380-mm surface
Crew:	162 people (12 officers)

Total built ships in 1887 - 1 unit.

Nautical canoners type "Manjur"

- built in Russia according to the drawings of Manjura. Ordered within the framework of the shipbuilding program of 1895 to strengthen the Black Sea Fleet. The project was partially recycled and improved, especially with regard to water-grade systems. In addition, the canoners differed among themselves the main mechanisms, the design of flue pipes, sailboat and the overall layout of the premises. Sailing arms Nikolaev boats were made by the type of "Manjura" by Barcentines with an area of \u200b\u200bsails on three masts of 500-720 sq.m., and Sevastopol, with the same three masts, twice the smaller weapons are schooners with oblique sails.

Arms of the ship consisted:

Of the 2 single-barreled 203-mm krucks with a barrel length of 35 calibers located on the side sponsons in the nose of the upper deck. The gun was located on Dubov's Rotary Machine with the central pin and had an armor shield. The angle of vertical hovering of the stem from -5 ° to + 15 °, and the angle of horizontal targeting was up to 200 °. The cutting trunk was completed with a wedge cylindroprismic lock weighing 417.7 kg. Firing Lighting Rights with light shells weighing 90 kg over sea or coastal target at an angle of inclination + 15 ° and the initial rate of the projectile 663 m / s reached 9.15 km. The range of shooting by armor-piercing projectiles weighing 133 kg for marine target at the angle of inclination + 15 ° and the initial rate of the projectile 583 m / s reached 8.1 km. Shooting control was carried out visually. The mass of the artillery installation with a shield without a shield was 21.36 tons.
Of the 1 single-barreled 152-mm gun of the Obukhov plant with a length of a barrel of 28 calibers, located in the aft part of the upper deck. The gun on the rotary machine with the friction compressor, had an armor shield. The cutting barrel was completed with a wedge lock weighing 172 kg. Cooling trunk air, single unitary bipuit with manual charging. Setting the installation included 12 people. The angle of vertical hovering of the trunk was from -6 ° to + 12 °, and the angle of horizontal guidance is up to 130 °. The cast iron shell weighing 37.26 kg developed the initial speed of 535 m / s and had a shooting range on a marine or coastal target at an angle of elevation in + 6 ° - up to 3.9 km, and at the angle of elevation + 12 ° - to 5.7 km. Shooting control was carried out visually. The mass of the artillery installation with the machine was 8.5 tons.
Of the 6 single-barreled 47-mm giek guns with a length of a barrel of 43 caliber, arranged on the upper deck. Installation rate was 15 shots / min, air cooling, single unitary bippet. Manual charging. The calculation of the gun included 4 people. The initial speed of the projectile reached 701 m / s, and the shooting range on marine or coastal target is up to 5 km.
Of the 1 five-lubricular 37 mm revolving giek gun with a length of a barrel of 20 calibers located on the semi-branch. A bunch of five trunks through two copper disks was combined into one unit, and the bodice unit rotated the gunner. The gun was installed in a copper glass, which was attached to the board or other part of the vessel with six bolts. The rapid fracture without correcting the tip was 32 SET. / min. Pomegranate weighing 0.5 kg developed the initial speed of 442 m / s and had a signing range of marine or coastal target at an elevation angle of + 11 ° to 2.8 km. The mass of the instrument with the lock reached 209 kg.
Of the 1 single-tube 380-mm surface torpedo apparatus, located still in Formstevne. Torpeda Whitehead had the weight of the BC 42.64 kg with the weight of the torpedo itself in 410 kg. The speed of the torpedo movement was 21 nodes, and the range of up to 731.52 meters.

Ships were built on the shipyard of the Society "Ropit" in Sevastopol ("Kuban", "Tercher", "Uralets") and on the Elling of the Nikolaev Admiralty in Nikolaev ("Donets", "Chernomorets", "Zaporozhets").

Head "Kuban" joined the Black Sea Fleet in March 1888.

Total built ships for the Black Sea Fleet from 1888 to 1889 - 6 units.

Armament

Artillery of the main caliber

2 × 203 mm (35 steels);
1 × 152 mm (35 Cal).

Universal artillery

4 × 9-pounds;
4 × 37 mm and one 63.5 mm landing gun.

Simplicate ships

"MANZUR", "Donets", "Zaporozhets", "Kuban", "Tercher", "Uralets", "Chernomorets"

General

Sea Korean-type waters are designed for service in the Far East in 1885. They differed from previous types with large dissemination and seaworthiness, and the presence of several heavy guns.

History of creation

After the Russian-Turkish war 1877-1878. The Maritime Office decided to develop a new shipbuilding program, which would ensure equality of strength with the combined fleets of Germany, Denmark and Sweden in the Baltic; With the Turkish fleet on the Black Sea and superiority over the combined sea forces of China and Japan in the Far East. Later, the program was revised several times, as a result, the program focused on creating a brongeous fleet on the Black Sea.

The program provided for:

for the Black Sea Fleet to build eight armored ships, two cruisers of the 2nd rank and 19 Docontians. These ships were supposed to draw up the core of the future fleet on the Black Sea, superior to the numerical composition and power of the Turkish fleet
for the Baltic Fleet to build 16 armored ships, four cruisers 1 -th rank, nine cruisers of the 2nd rank, 11 canoners and 100 destroyers. This fleet must solve all the tasks of the defense of the Russian coast and, if necessary, carry out operations in the open ocean away from their shores, leading offensive actions against Flots of Germany or England
for the Far East, due to limited tasks in the "Defense of the most important points of the coast", in the main posts and few cities, the defense of these facilities to implement with the help of mine barrage and the use of coastal artillery. And to ensure the relationship between posts, delivery of troops and goods, it was decided to have a low-tonnage flotilla, which included the Dartios and Kannelian boats. In the event of a threatening period, which could lead to a military collision with China or Japan, the ships from the Baltic and Black Sea fleets in the Pacific Ocean will be submitted.

Five years later, the shipbuilding program was again significantly revised, and subsequently they were transformed into a new five-year program (1890-1895). In accordance with it, it was envisaged to build six arm-ships with displacement of 7500 tons, four armored ships of 5600, three cruisers of the 1st rank (armadagne), five gunboats and 50 destroyers with displacement of 120 tons. But this program, like the previous one, remained Not fulfilled.

However, since 1881, they managed to build 21 armadioles, including three armadents of coastal defense (from the planned 24 on the twenty-year-old program), 10 cruisers of the 1st and 2nd rank (from the planned 15), 15 gunboats (from the planned 11) and 72 destroyers (from scheduled 125).

Of total Cranic boats:

for the Baltic Fleet, two ("threatening" and "brave") were built;
for the Black Sea Fleet - Six ("Zaporozhets", "Donets", "Chernomorets", "Kuban", "Uralets" and "Tercher");
for the Siberian flotilla - seven ("Sivuch", "Beaver", "Korean", "Manjur", "Gilyak", "bravery" and "rattling").

Predecessors

By ordering for the Siberian flotilla, two gunners - "Beaver" and "Sivuch", the maritime ministry decided to begin the development of projects of canoner boats for the Baltic Sea. However, soon the construction of armored canoners for the Baltic was canceled by ordering a new series of canal breeds for the Pacific Ocean.

Building and testing

Korean's gunboat laid in December 1885 on the shipyard of Burgzund Mekanisk in Stockholm. Descended on the water on August 7, 1886. Entered into operation in 1887.

History of service

Korean served in the Far East, where he switched from the Baltic. In 1895-1900, I carried the stationary service in Japanese, Korean and Chinese ports. In 1900, as part of the international squadron, participated in the suppression of the "Boxers" uprising. On May 16, Korean left Port Arthur with the detachment of Admiral Velego, and on May 18, he had already attended hostilities. On June 4, Korean, together with the Allied Canoner Boats, fired the forts, while he received 6 shell hits and losses: 9 killed and 20 wounded. For the valor in this battle "Korean" was awarded the St. George Silver Horb. In honor of the killed in the battle of the officer of the canoner boat, Lieutenant E.N.Burakova, was named the captured Chinese Ministry of Emergency Ministry.

Before the beginning Russian-Japanese war 1904-1905, together with the armored cruiser of the 1st grade "Varyag" (commander - captain of the 1st rank V.F. Rudnev) was located in the Korean port of Chelpo (now Incheon) in order to protect Russian interests. On February 8, 1904, Korean was sent to Port Arthur with an urgent governor, however, the Japanese squadron counter-admiral S. Uriu, who blocked something, blocked his way. According to some reports, after the Korean commander, the captain of the 2nd rank G.P. Belyaev turned back, the Japanese destroyers released three torpedoes on the gunner, two of which went past, and the third sank in meters from the side. The signal "Reflection of a mine attack" was served on Koreitz and immediately, since the boat was part of a neutral raid, "Fub". But after this signal, the commentor aft 37-mm cannon was inadvertently released on the enemy 2 grenades.

On February 9, 1904, Varyag and Korean came out of heaven and at 11:45 came into battle with a Japanese squadron, which lasted about an hour. The battles were shortened by the masts and largely due to this, the Japanese could not get to Korean "The battle took place not at a big distance, but the obsolete eighty-lean shells of gunners did not reach the enemy. The Japanese shells mainly gave flights, not causing a boat any harm. And yet it was they who covered the "Varyag" with their fire with a waste. Are one explosion and a fire on the enemy cruiser. During the battle, the ship released 52 of the projectile of different calibers from the opponent. The only damage to the canal breeding was punched by the Japanese shell. Loss was not.

Death

In order to prevent the capture of the ship by the Japanese, after the fight (at 15:55), Korean was blown up on the raid of Chelpo. The crew was taken aboard the French cruiser Pascal, exported to Saigon and soon returned to Russia. In St. Petersburg, all officers were awarded the Order of St. George 4th degree, and team members are signs of distinguishing of this order. In honor of the seafaren's feat, a special medal "For the fight" Varyag "and Korean, with Chelpo," was awarded all the participants of the battle were instituted.

In 1905, the Korean canoners boat was raised by the Japanese and handed over to the layer.

Place of death

Bay of the port of Chelpo, Korea (37 ° 20 's. Sh. 126 ° 31' century. Coordinates: 37 ° 20 'p. Sh. 126 ° 31' century)

Commanders

1891-1894. Spice. Alexander Maksimovich 1894-1895. Lebedev. Ivan Nikolaevich 1895-1898. Silventmen. Peter Josephovich 1898-1900. Silman. Fedor Fedorovich 08-12.1901.Sobolev. Alexander Yakovlevich 1901-XXXX. Novakovsky. Ivan Mikhailovich XXXH-1904. Belyaev. Grigory Pavlovich

Literature and sources of information

Combat Chronicle of the Russian Fleet: Chronicle essential events military history Russian fleet with IX century. On 1917 - M.: Militizdat MVS of the USSR, 1948. - 492 p. / Edited by Doctor of Naval Sciences Captain 1 Rang N.V. Novikova. Compilences: V. A. Divin, V. G. Egorov, N. N. Exolin, V. M. Kovalchuk, N. S. Krovkov, N. P. Mazunin, N. V. Novikov. K. I. Nikulchenkov,. I. V. Nosov, A. K. Selinichev. // Academy of Sciences Union SSR.
Taras A. Ships of the Russian Imperial Fleet 1892-1917 ... - Harvest, 2000. - ISBN 9854338886.
Mribovsky V. Yu. Russian fleet Pacific Ocean, 1898-1905: the history of creation and death. - Moscow: Military book, 2004. -

Korean Korean Caurizer Company. Korean canonere boat

General

History of creation

Predecessors

Building and testing

History of service

Death

Place of death

Commanders

see also

Literature and sources of information