How to learn to speak after the removal of the larynx. Exercises for the male esophageal voice
- esophageal voice
the same as... - VOICE in Miller's Dream Book, dream book and interpretation of dreams:
Hearing pleasant calm voices in a dream is an omen of reconciliation and harmony; rough voices with loud intonations promise trouble. Someone crying... - VOICE in the Dictionary of Musical Terms:
a set of sounds of different height, strength and timbre, resulting from the fluctuation of elastic voice ... - VOICE in the Dictionary of Economic Terms:
CONSULTATIVE - see ADVISORY VOICE ... - VOICE in Medical terms:
a set of sounds made by a person with the help of a voice ... - VOICE in the Literary Encyclopedia:
see "Russian magazines ... - VOICE in the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary:
newspaper, 1863-84, St. Petersburg. Received subsidies from the Ministry of Public Education. In the 60s. protective, since the 70s. moderate opposition... - VOICE in big Soviet encyclopedia, TSB:
a set of sounds of various heights, strengths and timbres emitted by humans and breathing lungs with the help of the vocal apparatus. G. are accompanied by ... - VOICE in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
in the physiological sense - tones voluntarily or involuntarily emitted by animal organisms during the passage of a more or less strong stream of air through ... - VOICE in the Modern Encyclopedic Dictionary:
- VOICE in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
a set of sounds of various heights, strengths and timbres made by humans and animals with the help of elastic vocal cords. In most vertebrates... - VOICE in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
, -а (-у), pl. -a, -ov, m. 1. A set of sounds resulting from vibrations of the vocal cords. Loud, quiet city of Pevchesky ... - esophageal
Esophageal voice, the same as the pseudo-voice ... - VOICE in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
"VOICE OF RUSSIA", state. radio company, Moscow (broadcasting to a foreign audience). Formed in 1993 on the basis of Moscow. intl. radio. Leads a story from… - VOICE in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
VOICE SINGING, characterized by height (soprano, mezzo-soprano, contralto, tenor, baritone and bass), timbre and mobility (coloratura, lyric, drama, etc.), range ... - VOICE in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
"VOICE OF MOSCOW", daily. newspaper of the Octobrist Party, 1906-15, Moscow (ed. and ed. A.I. ... - VOICE in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
"VOICE OF THE SEA", infrasonic waves arising above the sea surface in strong winds as a result of vortex formation behind wave crests. Because the propagation speed... - VOICE in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
"VOICE OF THE PAST", journal of the history and history of literature, 1913-23, Moscow, 65 books. Main IN AND. Semevsky. Documents and articles on the history of societies. … - VOICE in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
"VOICE OF AMERICA" (Voice of America), governments. US radio station broadcasting in foreign languages. country. Main in 1942, Washington; is included in… - VOICE in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
"GOLOS", daily. newspaper, 1863-84, St. Petersburg. Ed.-ed. A.A. Kraevsky. In the beginning. 1860s received subsidies from the Min-va Nar. enlightenment. From the 70s. … - VOICE in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
VOICE, a set of sounds that are diverse in height, strength and timbre, arising in terrestrial vertebrates as a result of fluctuations in elastic. vocal cords. V … - esophageal
food bottom, food bottom, food bottom, food bottom, food bottom, food bottom, food bottom, food bottom, food bottom, food bottom, food bottom, food bottom, food bottom, food bottom bottom, food bottom, food bottom, food bottom, food bottom, food bottom, food bottom, food bottom, ... - VOICE in the Full accentuated paradigm according to Zaliznyak:
go "los, voices", go "los, voice" in, go "los, go "los, voices" m, go "los, voices", go "voice, voices" mi, go "lose, ... - VOICE in the Dictionary of Epithets:
About strength, loudness; about the character, purity, duration of sound. Babi, velvety, bass, uninterrupted, colorless, faded, bleating, heroic, fast, wadded, squealing, shuddering, ... - VOICE in the Anagram Dictionary.
- VOICE in the Dictionary of Linguistic Terms:
Sound produced in the larynx by the vibration of tense vocal cords close to each other under the pressure of the exhaled ... - VOICE in the Popular Explanatory-Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Russian Language:
-a, pl. , voice "a, voice" s, m. 1) Sound, sound resulting from the vibration of the vocal cords in the larynx when air is exhaled from ... - VOICE in the Dictionary for solving and compiling scanwords:
Without it, not... - VOICE in the Dictionary for solving and compiling scanwords.
- VOICE in the Thesaurus of Russian business vocabulary:
Syn: See... - VOICE in the Russian Thesaurus:
Syn: See... - VOICE in the Dictionary of synonyms of Abramov:
voice, screech, boom, sound, scream. (Voices: alto, baritone, bass, treble, soprano, tenor, fistula. Bleating, squealing, howling, buzzing, croaking, croaking, screaming, ... - esophageal in the New explanatory and derivational dictionary of the Russian language Efremova:
adj. 1) Related by value. with noun: the esophagus associated with it. 2) Peculiar to the esophagus, characteristic of ... - esophageal in the Dictionary of the Russian language Lopatin.
- esophageal in the Complete Spelling Dictionary of the Russian Language.
- esophageal in the Spelling Dictionary.
- VOICE in the Dictionary of the Russian Language Ozhegov:
Lib inner motivation, awareness of something G. conscience. G. honor. G. mind. G.'s inner voice is an opinion, a statement by G. the reader. Submit Mr... - VOICE in the Dahl Dictionary:
husband. the voice of the church sound, ringing, viscous noise of various kinds; sound or tongue from the larynx of a person or animal. What a voice... - esophageal
esophageal, esophageal (anat.). App. To … - VOICE in the Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language Ushakov:
voices, pl. voices, m. 1. The sound of the vocal cords, screaming, speech, singing. A voice was heard in the distance. Scream with a loud voice. In full voice. During… - esophageal in the Explanatory Dictionary of Efremova:
esophageal adj. 1) Related by value. with noun: the esophagus associated with it. 2) Peculiar to the esophagus, characteristic of ... - esophageal in the New Dictionary of the Russian Language Efremova:
- esophageal in the Big Modern Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language:
adj. 1. ratio with noun. esophagus associated with it 2. Peculiar to the esophagus, characteristic of ... - BLACKMORE PROBE in the Popular Medical Encyclopedia:
- zones with a cuff to stop bleeding from varicose veins of the esophagus. It is a three-lumen probe - drainage is performed through one lumen ... - NIGHT APNEA SYNDROME in the Medical Dictionary:
Sleep apnea syndrome can be caused by obstructive (obesity, small size of the oropharynx) or non-obstructive (CNS pathology) causes. Apnea during sleep... - REFLUXESOPHAGITIS in the Medical Dictionary:
REFLUX-ESOPHAGIT Reflux-esophagitis is a disease associated with a violation of the closing function of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and prolonged exposure of gastric contents to the mucosa ... - CONGENITAL FISTULA in the Medical Dictionary.
- DYSPEPSIA FUNCTIONAL in the Medical Dictionary:
Functional dyspepsia is a digestive disorder caused by functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. It is characterized by chronic discomfort in the epigastric region (most often pain and ... - ASTHMA BRONCHIAL in the Medical Dictionary:
Bronchial asthma (BA) is a chronic inflammatory disease respiratory tract accompanied by bronchial hyperreactivity. The main clinical manifestation is intermittent attacks of difficulty breathing ... - ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE in the Medical Dictionary:
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a group of diseases caused by a mismatch between myocardial oxygen demand and its delivery. The generally accepted morphological basis ... - DISEASE GASTRIC ULCER in the Medical Dictionary:
Classification - Type I. Most type I ulcers occur in the body of the stomach, namely in the area called the place of least resistance ... - ABSCESS OF THE LUNG in the Medical Dictionary:
Lung abscess - an abscess localized inside the lung parenchyma. Divided into acute and chronic (duration more than 2 months). Localization: more often - ...
Cancers of the larynx are among the most common among all types of oncological tumors. Almost all cases of these ailments require radical surgical treatment - complete removal of the larynx. In this case, the patient's breathing is carried out through a tracheostomy and he forever loses the ability to speak. But modern medicine has some possibilities for restoring voice after removal of the larynx.
In order to recreate sonorous speech, the patient needs to artificially create a phonation organ that compensates for the absence of the larynx. In addition, a restructuring of conditioned reflex connections in the central nervous system to brand new ones. Naturally, it is impossible to restore the voice that a person had before the operation, however, rehabilitation measures aimed at creating an artificial voice of speech can help the patient as much as possible in social adaptation as well as communication with others.
In order to form a pseudo-voice for the patient, doctors make a new physiological formation in his esophagus, which resembles the glottis. Pronunciation of sounds occurs during the closing and opening of the walls of the esophagus. Each person has a kind of air cushion inside the esophagus, and in order to make a speech, it is necessary to develop a mechanism to retain most of the air in it, this will help making a speech.
After surgery for resection of the larynx and after radiotherapy, all patients should undergo speech therapy courses of special corrective classes in order to develop the ability to normally control their new vocal apparatus.
Before starting voice rehabilitation classes, the patient should be examined by a loroncologist to make sure that there are no oncological tumor metastases and other contraindications. In the presence of severe irritation or inflammation near the tracheostomy, narrowing, recent myocardial infarction or hypertension of 2-3 degrees, corrective exercises are also contraindicated.
The esophageal voice is nothing more than a normal belching of air. But this method of restoring voice functions has several significant drawbacks: the voice sounds low and intermittent, in addition, it is unintelligible. Quite often, the contents of the stomach can be thrown into the esophagus, which causes the development of reflux esophagitis or stenosis of the esophagus, which further complicates the patient's serious condition.
Practice shows that not all patients can learn to speak using the esophagus, so almost 40% of patients cannot master this type of speech.
Preparatory stage. At this time, psychotherapeutic methods of correction are used. Of the exercises, playing the harmonica is used, as well as physiotherapy exercises aimed at developing breathing skills using a tracheostomy.
Formation of a pseudo-voice mechanism inside the esophagus, as well as skills in esophageal pronunciation. Exercises involve imitation of vomiting movements with an open mouth in a standing position and lying down several times in a row. At first, the patient learns to pronounce words beginning with the consonants K and T. Classes last no longer than five minutes.
The automatism of the formation of esophageal speech is being worked out. The patient should pronounce the shortest sentences and achieve intelligibility. The first to learn are those phrases that the patient will need in everyday communication.
At the last stage, the range of speech is expanded and the timbre of the voice is practiced. The patient can even read poetry and sing songs.
Electrolarynx
This method consists in the use of a specially invented instrument - the electrolarynx. A sound generator is applied to the neck area under the larynx at a time when the patient wants to pronounce a word. In this case, it is necessary to learn a special articulation, which causes the sound generator to vibrate and pronounce sounds. This technique has the following disadvantages: the voice becomes metallic and is not pronounced clearly. In addition, there is a lot of interference and noise, the patient speaks like a robot, without expression and tonality.
Often, even after acquiring such a device, a person tries not to use it, trying to find non-verbal ways of communication.
To date, this method is considered the most effective and progressive. In order to restore voice function, it is necessary to bypass the trachea and esophagus, as well as valve replacement.
The essence of the method is that the patient is made an anastomosis between the esophagus and the trachea, and a special silicone prosthesis is sewn into it. The valve functions by passing some air from the trachea into the esophageal cavity, while the contents of the esophagus do not enter the trachea.
Closing the tracheostomy, the patient directs the air and pronounces the words. At the same time, the voice becomes sonorous, clear and even. Today, there are special filters that do not even need to be covered with a hand. A qualified specialist will help you choose the right model.
Now, even after a laryngeal resection surgery, voice restoration can be achieved using advanced methods for prosthetics and the creation of voice generators.
Exercise 7
«Sol» small octave |
"Si" » » | Third
Exercise 8
Third
Exercises 7 and 8 can be varied: starting with exercise 8, go to exercise 7. Vocal exercises should not cause much tension, that is, from the two proposed, you should first choose the most accessible to the patient.
After these two exercises will not cause difficulties, proceed to the next.
Technique for restoring sonorous speech after laryngectomy
Exercise 9
"Sol" small octave A
"C" » » U Triad
"Re" of the first octave )
"Re" of the first octave A
"Si" small "U" Triad
"Salt" " " )
Exercise 9 should be performed extremely slowly, making pauses every 2-3 minutes. At the same time, long-term singing of one sound in the available range is recommended. If there are no difficulties in performing these exercises, they switch to the performance of familiar melodies in the available ranges.
Singing musical phrases from familiar popular songs stimulates fluency and modulation in the esophageal voice.
Exercise 10. V. Solovyov-Sedoy, "Moscow Nights", the first phrase.
Exercise 11. I. Dunaevsky. “Wide is my native country,” the first phrase.
Exercises for the female esophageal voice. When working on the female esophageal voice, additional difficulties arise. The lack of modulation and the low tone of the esophageal voice are extremely traumatic for women. First, exercises are applied to increase the modulations, and then to expand the range.
Exercise 12
"Do" \ "Sol""I
"Mu" g first octave "Mi" G first octave
"Before")
"Do" L
"Mi" At first octave
"Salt" ;
S. L. Taptapova
™ i? G bH ° DIMO note > that for greater efficiency and stability of the timbre, some patients who have a special
with N and O m H ost T and WORSE **™°» esophageal rZ "a, depending on their mood and general condition, it is recommended to repeat it yourself necessary exercises for a long time, no longer visiting a speech therapist
Restoration of sonorous speech in patients after resection or removal of the larynx. - M., 1985.
S.L. Taptapova
Fundamentals of phonopedia
||, V modern society the number of voice-speaking professions is constantly increasing. Large vocal loads also impose increased demands on the vocal apparatus, in connection with which there is a “necessity! the development of preventive measures to preserve the health of the voice and the search for the most rational ways to restore it in cases of violations. Pedagogical techniques for establishing voice were singled out in the speech pathologist section - phonopedia. Phonopedia is a pedagogical pro-based on the physiology of voice formation and didactic principles. The study of the mechanism of voicing provided a physiological justification for phonopedic techniques and confirmed their leading role in the functional training of the vocal apparatus. Phonopedia can be defined as the cultivation of the skills of proper elo-knowledge with a minimum load on the voice sharat of the larynx and the gradual activation of the muscular sharat.
Phonopedia in the late XIX - early XX centuries. developed along the lines. In Germany, one of its founders was N. Gutzmann, in France, G. Taurneau. In Russia, phonopedia began to develop at the beginning of the 20th century. V.N. Niki-Shin and A.F. Ivanov (1910), E.N. Malyutin (1924) pointed out the need to correct the voice using ^dagogic methods, and also suggested some schemes for normalizing the voice function. After the Great October Socialist Revolution, E.N. Malyutina (1924), F.F. Zasedatelev (1925), who described the various exercises proposed for setting the voice. In the works of German authors, Published with late XIX v. and to this day, much attention is paid to articulation exercises. French and Italian authors focus on physical exercises.
S. L. Taptapova
Fundamentals of phonopedia
Difficult to perform. Naturally, with patients whose voice disorders are accompanied by neuropsychiatric disorders, voice restoration classes are carried out against the background of drug treatment prescribed by a psychoneurologist or psychiatrist.
All the methods developed and described by us have been introduced into the practice of domestic healthcare, and some of them are also used abroad.
Dmitriev L.V., Telelyaeva L.M.; Taptapova S.L., Ermakova I.I. Phoniatry and phonopedia. - M., 1990. - S. 155-157.
S. L. Taptapova
In the 30-40s in the works of F.F. Zasedateleva (1935,1937), I.I. Levidova (1938), E.M. Voronina (1939) gave clear indications of the need for differentiated use of phonopedic exercises in various diseases of the vocal apparatus, and also outlined the scientific foundations of voice production.
During the Great Patriotic War The primary task of doctors and speech therapists was to restore the voice in connection with injuries to the vocal apparatus. In the monograph M.I. Fomichev "Fundamentals of Phoniatrics" (1942) much attention is paid to phonopedic exercises.
In the 50s, in the works of domestic scientists, a significant place was given to the restoration of the voice function after surgical interventions for neoplasms of the larynx [Bokshtein F.S., 1954; Sendulsky I.Ya., 1954; Zimont D.I., 1958; Svetlakov M.I., 1964]. In the same period, works appeared devoted to the study of the acoustic structure of the sounds of the Russian language [Varshavsky L.A., 1955; Litvak I.I., 1959]. In the monograph by A.T. Ryabchenko (1964) describes a combination of breathing and phonopedic exercises recommended by the author for functional voice disorders. Studies on the acoustic structure of vocal speech conducted by V.P. Morozov (1967), for the first time made it possible to talk about the biophysical possibilities of the singing voice at the level of modern scientific knowledge. The study of the mechanisms of voice formation, the determination of the acoustic parameters of the voice, the use of electronic laryngostroboscopy allowed speech therapists to develop differentiated phonopedic techniques.
The basis for phonopedic exercises is the correction of phonation breathing, which changes with most voice disorders. Complexes of purposeful differentiated exercises, easy to remember, were developed by E.Ya. Zolotareva (1984). Breathing correction is carried out in parallel with phonopedic training. The methods proposed by us are compiled taking into account the physiology of voice formation, the acoustic parameters of the voice and the observance of didactic techniques. The patient should only do effective exercises which are justified physiologically and not
-
Natural science. encyclopedic Dictionary
- - daily political or T. newspaper published in St. Petersburg in 1863-84. Publisher-ed. A. A. Kraevsky. Since 1871 co-editor of "G." became V. A. Bilbasov. From Ser. 70s "G." one of the most influential...
Soviet historical encyclopedia
- - external S. of the esophagus, usually its cervical part; occurs, for example, as an anomaly of development, a complication of an injury to the esophagus, or as a result of purulent diverticulitis ...
Big Medical Dictionary
- - same as pseudo-voice...
Big encyclopedic dictionary
- - She cried...
orthographic dictionary Russian language
- - in voice / los, adv. She cried...
- - ...
merged. Apart. Through a hyphen. Dictionary-reference
- - ...
merged. Apart. Through a hyphen. Dictionary-reference
- - Esophagus, -a, m. Department of the digestive system H is a tubular muscular organ that connects the pharynx with the stomach and serves to conduct ...
Dictionary Ozhegov
- - Esophageal, esophageal, esophageal. adj. to the esophagus...
Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov
- - in the voice of the adv. quality.-circumstances. razg.-decrease. 1. Loud. ott. trans. Together; simultaneously. 2. Used as an inconsistent definition...
Explanatory Dictionary of Efremova
- - esophageal adj. 1. ratio with noun. esophagus associated with it 2...
Explanatory Dictionary of Efremova
- - ...
- - ...
Spelling Dictionary
- - ...
Word forms
- - adj., number of synonyms: 1 esophageal-gastric ...
Synonym dictionary
"Eesophageal Voice" in books
Chapter 9 "The voice is the voice of Jacob, and the hands are the hands of Esau ...". (Breishit, 27:22)
From the book Jewish world author Telushkin JosephChapter 9 "The voice is the voice of Jacob, and the hands are the hands of Esau ...". (Breishit, 27:22) One of the most morally problematic episodes of the Torah is Yaakov's deception of his blind father Yitzhak. Yitzhak was more fond of the eldest, Esav, the first of two twin brothers who came out of the womb.
Gastroesophageal reflux (gastroesophageal reflux)
From the book Your baby from birth to two years author Sears MarthaGastroesophageal reflux (gastroesophageal reflux) This disease is one of the most common causes of vomiting in the first months
Slander on the voice for the singer (so that the audience loves and does not jinx the voice)
From the book of 7000 conspiracies of a Siberian healer author Stepanova Natalya IvanovnaSlander on the voice for the singer (so that the public loves and does not jinx the voice) From a letter from my grandmother's client: “My dear, my good sorceress. I did everything according to your advice. I carry your cooked nightingale with me, I keep it like the apple of my eye. Good luck, thank God, does not leave me with God and
Voice of the Northern Lights - Voice of Eternity
From the book Heavenly light author Klimkevich Svetlana TitovnaVoice of the Northern Lights - Voice of Eternity 917 = Stars influence a person, but cannot control his choice, his free will = "Numeric codes". Book 2. The Kryon Hierarchy "Feelings must be free not only from material influences, but also from field influences" - phrase
The voice of the heart is the voice of space
From the book The ABC of Happiness. Book I. "The main thing about a person" author Lada-Rus (Peunova) SvetlanaThe voice of the heart is the voice of space
9. “The voice is the voice of Jacob, and the hands are the hands of Esau” (Breishit, 27:22)
From the book The Jewish World [The most important knowledge about the Jewish people, its history and religion (litres)] author Telushkin Joseph9. “The voice is the voice of Yaakov, and the hands are the hands of Esau” (Breishit, 27:22) One of the most morally problematic episodes of the Torah is Jacob's deception of his blind father Yitzhak. Yitzhak was more fond of the eldest, Esav, the first of two twin brothers who came out of the womb. Wife
f) The voice of conscience and the voice of God.
From the book ENLIGHTENING EXISTENCE author Jaspers Karl Theodorf) The voice of conscience and the voice of God. - Even if in my conscience I stand before transcendence (angesichts der Transzendenz stehe), I nevertheless stand in such a way that I do not hear it and cannot obey it, as a voice from another world. The voice of conscience is not the voice of God. In the word of conscience we hear just silence
V. M. Ivanov The voice of blood and the voice of fate
From the book The Racial Meaning of the Russian Idea. Release 2 author Avdeev V. B.VM Ivanov The voice of blood and the voice of fate “These are pearl seekers from Ceylon, the Singhalese; God created them like that, but I don't know why he did it” K. Capek. The war with the salamanders The German philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder expressed a wonderful idea in the 18th century: “Peoples are ideas
esophageus, a, um - esophageal
From the author's bookesophageus, a, um - esophagus (from the word esophagus - esophagus) Approximate pronunciation: esophagusEus.Z: He eats nails, swallows bolts. And it seizes with reinforcement. Conducts the esophagus with iron, Probably tinned EZO ... Fanfares are blowing, flags are flying. Praise be to such
The voice of blood or the voice of reason?
From the book of Excitement, Joy, Hope. Thoughts on parenting author Nemtsov Vladimir IvanovichThe voice of blood or the voice of reason? In describing this incident, I do not at all want to emphasize that education with the help of the administration is the most effective method. It is foolish to scare children with policemen, as sometimes mothers do it themselves. But to educate mothers, which is most important -
33:1-13 "The voice of joy and the voice of gladness"
From the book New Bible Commentary Part 2 (Old Testament) author Carson Donald33:1-13 "The voice of joy and the voice of gladness" The final chapter of the so-called "Book of Comfort", like ch. 30 and 32 contains words about judgment, which are answered with words about salvation. The word of God addressed to Jeremiah about the power manifested in creation (2; cf.: 10:12), is contrasted with that
How to distinguish the voice of the Creator? - Separate your voice
From the book Book 21. Kabbalah. Questions and answers. Forum-2001 (old edition) author Laitman MichaelHow to distinguish the voice of the Creator? – Separating my voice Question: Sometimes I listen to music, and feelings arise in me that are indescribable in beauty. Or I look at the road running away into the distance and experience a feeling of amazing inner peace. Could it be that it speaks to me
8. The voice of your watchmen - they lifted up their voice, and they all rejoice together, for they see with their own eyes that the Lord is returning to Zion.
author Lopukhin Alexander8. The voice of your watchmen - they lifted up their voice, and they all rejoice together, for they see with their own eyes that the Lord is returning to Zion. The voice of your watchmen... and they all rejoice together...
6. Behold, a noise from the city, a voice from the temple, the voice of the Lord repaying His enemies.
From the book Explanatory Bible. Volume 5 author Lopukhin Alexander6. Behold, a noise from the city, a voice from the temple, the voice of the Lord repaying His enemies. 5-6. But they will be ashamed. Behold... a voice from the temple, the Voice of the Lord, repaying His enemies. Those who persecute the Jews faithful to the Lord and His Messiah and viciously mock them will
17. And God heard the voice of the lad (from where he was); and an angel of God called from heaven to Hagar and said to her: What is the matter with you, Hagar? do not be afraid; God heard the voice of the boy from where he is;
From the book Explanatory Bible. Volume 1 author Lopukhin Alexander17. And God heard the voice of the lad (from where he was); and an angel of God called from heaven to Hagar and said to her: What is the matter with you, Hagar? do not be afraid; God heard the voice of the boy from where he is; "and the Angel of God from heaven called to Hagar..." In a moment of such complete despair, Hagar suddenly hears
