Group Steppe 2nd Ukrainian Front. Second Ukrainian Front
By the end of February 1945, the front of Malinovsky, completing the West Carpathian operation, overcame the Slovak Ore Mountains and occupied the positions on the left bank of the mountain river. The collapse of the German front allowed the troops of the 2nd Ukrainian Front to begin the implementation of the order of the bet. Before the front of Malinovsky, there was a challenge to free the eastern regions of Czechoslovakia. The troops had to come in two main areas - on Bratislav and Brno. Bratislava was the main city of Slovakia. Through it was the shortest path to another big City Brno, and behind him - and on Prague.
By the beginning of the operation, which was subsequently named Bratislavsko-Brnovskaya, 5 General Army were attracted: 40th, 53rd and 7th Guards Army, as well as the 1st and 4th Romanian army. Air support provided the 5th air army. And the aid to force the aquatic obstacles should be rendering Danube military flotilla. As the mobile forces of the front, it was assumed to use the 1st Guards ConnOn-mechanized Group under the command of I.A. Plesev.
In total, over 350,000 soldiers and officers, about 6,000 guns and mortars, about 250 tanks and self-propelled artillery plants, more than 630 aircraft were drawn to the operation. Our forces opposed the 8th German army from the group of the Center for the Center for the Center ", in which more than 200,000 people were numbered, 1,800 guns and mortars, 120 tanks and assault guns, about 150 aircraft. The German group was relied on a well-prepared defensive line and numerous natural barriers, such as rivers Gron, Nitra, Wag and Morava.
On the night of March 25, assault battalions The 53rd army of Colonel-General I.Managarov and the 7th Guards Army General Colonel MS Shumilova unexpectedly for the German command forced the Gorn River and captured several bridgeheads on its West Bank. So began the Bratislava-Brnovsk operation.
In the morning of the same day, the initial forces of the front switched to the offensive, developing an offensive on Bratislava and Brno. By the third day of the army of the first echelon, a German defense was punched on all its tactical depths, and the 1st Guards equestro-mechanized group was introduced into the resulting breech. As of the end of the day, March 27, our troops advanced to the west by more than 40 kilometers, along the front of almost 150 kilometers wide.
By March 30, the 7th Guards Army came to the outskirts of the capital of Slovakia, the city of Bratislava. The German military command prepared in advance of the city for defense. All major buildings in the city were turned into supporting points. Having a considerable experience of storming major cities, the Soviet command conducted rearrangement of troops. The commander of the front R.Ya. Malinovsky to avoid the destruction of the city decided to abandon the frontal assault. Part of the forces of the 7th Guards Army began bypassing the Slovak capital from the North-West.
The extension tactics of guns for shooting straight entry was applied. For one building, several guns immediately conducted fire, which prevented the enemy to conduct an effective response fire. If, in the course of the battle, there was a need to transfer artillery to another place, then one or more tools remained on the old firing positions, which also controlled the fired area. This ensured the coming infantry continuity of fire support. Bratislava's assault was carried out simultaneously with several directions..
The greatest battles were achieved on the eastern and northeast outskirts of the city. In these areas, the upcoming parts had to overcome the external scrubbar, the most powerful Bratislava on the entire defense line, which consisted of three lines of trenches, machine-gun and artillery dollars. Aviation and large-caliber artillery provided great help of the storming strengthening of infantry. With their fire support, the infantry overcame the trenches line, burst into the quarters of the chemical concern and began to move towards the winter marins, capturing an oil refinery factory.
On April 2, the garrison of the city was surrounded. And after two days, the 25th Guards and 23rd Rifle Corses, with the support of the Danube Flotilla ships, completely cleaned the Bratislava from the enemy's troops.
On the Brnovsk direction, where the forces of the 53rd army and the 1st Romanian army were operating, as well as the equestrian-mechanized group of Pliyev, the offensive was not so successful. Losing Bratislava, the German command has made every effort to keep the large industrial center of Brno. German forces fastened along the banks of the Morava River, having pre-exploded all the bridges through her.
The hopes of the German command on the hold of the frontiers along the Morava River were not destined to come true. Soviet troops by April 12 in several places forced the river. Desperate enemy attempts by counterattacks eliminate the captured bridgeheads were not crowned with success. By mid-April german defense On the Morava River, he was broken at a great long. On April 16, the coming parts of the Brno part were strengthened by the 6th Guards Tank Army, transferred to this direction after taking Vienna.
Tanks and cavalrymen were the most important component in the operation for the capture of Brno. The rapidly bypass maneuvers cut the communications of the enemy's supporting points and under the threat of a complete environment and the destruction of the enemy made garrisons hastily retreat. Such tactics reduced losses and kept settlements from destruction. On April 21, the advanced Soviet parts were already 20 km from Brno.
2nd Ukrainian Front
& nbsp. Commanders:
I. S. Konev (October 1943 - May 1944), General Army, since February 1944 Marshal Soviet Union;
R. Ya. Malinovsky (May 1944 - June 1945), Army General, since September 1944 Marshal of the Soviet Union.
& nbsp. Members of the Military Council:
I. Z. Susaykov (October 1943 - March 1945), Gen.-Lieutenant Tank. Forces, since September 1944 Gen.-Colonel Tank. troops;
A. N. Tevchenkov (March - June 1945), Lieutenant-General.
& nbsp. Chief of staff:
M. V. Zakharov (October 1943 - June 1945), Gen.-Colonel, from the end of May 1945 General of the Army.
& NBSP & NBSP Literature:
& NBSP & NBSP "Liberation of Southeast and Central Europe troops of the 2nd and 3rd Ukrainian fronts (1944-45) ", Moscow, 1970;
& NBSP & NBSP "Yasno-Chisinau Cannes", Moscow, 1964.
& NBSP & NBSP & NBSP & NBSP | & NBSP & NBSP
In 1943, the military actions of the fronts of the Great Patriotic War Gradually return to the territory of modern Ukraine. Already, in principle, it is clear that the USSR will win the war against the fascist invaders. In this article we will talk about 2 Ukrainian front, combat path, the chronicle of hostilities of which is very interesting.
The effectiveness of large combat connections
The outcome of the ancient wars could be solved in one battle when the troops met forehead in the forehead and went through the battle. With development military equipment It has already become impossible. The victory in the Global War (starting with the 1st World War) can win only the army, which clearly coordinates the movement and actions of combat units on the large portion of the front. An example of such a successful military conglomerate can be called 2 Ukrainian front, whose combat path is very interesting. With the help of interaction, the command can simultaneously achieve success in different areas, and the enemy, accordingly, does not have enough human and technical resources to "eliminate the breakdowns".
Creating 2 Ukrainian Front
At the end of 1943, the territory Soviet Russia It was already practically freed from the invaders. Therefore, many troops who participated in the liberation of Russian regions continued their combat path behind the enemy and moved to the territory of modern Ukraine. In this regard, it was expedient in creating a new front. The head of the Commander-in-Chief by its order of October 16, 1943 established 2 Ukrainian front, whose combat path was launched until 1945. From October 20 of the same year, the order entered into force.
To form an effective combat unit was easy, because the backbone of the group was part of the former steppe front, which had already had the experience of interaction among themselves.
2 Ukrainian Front: Combat Road (Dnipro and Central Ukraine)
Immediately after the creation, before the front, the task was raised as soon as possible to release the Central Region of Ukraine. At the end of September, the troops at the time of the steppe front forced the Dnieper not far from Kremenchug. Despite the fact that the front did not have enough forces for a serious struggle, the commander decided to continue the offensive. The main task at this point was to prevent the attack by the enemy army from Dnepropetrovsk, so the Military Council of the Front decided to step on the line of Pyatchatka - Apostolovo.
This operation will subsequently get the name of Pyatkhat. The offensive after the concentration of forces began on October 15, 1943 and gradually brought its fruits. After the battles accepted a protracted character, the command changed the strategy.
Offensive for sign and Kirovograd
When the army blamed in battles in the Dnipropetrovsk region, it was necessary to change the direction and focus of the fighting. For this, reconnaissance was performed. According to the information available at the army, it became clear that in the zamenki area concentrated little enemy forces. To provide effective resistance to the enemy will have to transfer forces that will take a certain time.
From the side of the sign, our army, namely 2 Ukrainian front, whose combat path in Ukraine was long, the first strike was inflicted on November 14, 1943. Until November 25, there was no special dynamics in the actions of troops. But success in these battles provided a strong 2 Ukrainian front! Chronicle of hostilities is as follows:
From December 3 to December 5, there were battles for the liberation of the city of Alexandria. For fascists, it was a fairly important point, because in the area even now there were big deposits of brown coal, which was used as fuel.
From December 6, the battles began for the liberation of a large railway station - the city of Znamenka. The city was released in a few days.
Further, the troops headed towards Kirovograd. The distance from Znamenki to the regional center is only 50 kilometers, but the army was able to release Kirovograd only on January 8, 1944. The enemy built a strong line of defense, which held back for a long time soviet soldiers, but I could not stand the onslaught.
Umansko-Batoshansky operation
Where did the 2 Ukrainian front go? The combat path of our troops continued to the West. It was necessary to free the right-bank Ukraine and Moldova. The offensive towards Uman from the Kirovograd area began on March 5, 1944. The Germans could not create a strong defense line on this section of hostilities. In all elements, in addition to the Red Army, about 2 times exceeded the ability of the enemy. The defense line of the Wehrmacht troops is about 8 kilometers the army broke through 2 days. After that, a successful breakthrough began.
Uman's city managed to release 1944. Further, the troops forced the South Bug and continued the way towards Dubno and Zhmerinka. March 19, the city of Mogilev-Podolsky was released.
In fact, in 2 weeks, Soviet troops managed a small "blitzkrieg". For example, the distance from Kirovograd to Uman is 197 km. From Uman to Mogilev, too, not very close. We must take into account the factor of battles.
At the end of March - early April, the troops 2 of the Ukrainian Front had to help compounds of 1 Ukrainian front under Kamenets-Podolsky. Task: Surroundings of 1 tank army of the enemy. The army had to reach the Dniester and attack literally on the shore in order to surround the army of the enemy. Ring to closer almost managed. April 3, ka took the city famous by its fortress.
2 Ukrainian Front: Combat Way in the History of War abroad
The troops of the Ukrainian Front took an active part in the operations of the Red Army beyond the borders of the USSR, aimed at the complete destruction of enemy troops. It is worth noting in this regard events of August 1944. At this time, the Soviet troops carried out Yasno-Chishentic offensivewhich turned into a joint with the Romanian troops of Bucharest-Aradskaya. The strategic goal of these operations was the change of power in Romania and the removal of this state from the war against the USSR. Of course, the Red Army, which to stop at that time it was already impossible, fulfilled the task.
Next, 2 Ukrainian front (combat path 922 pp. The shelf and other compounds are briefly described in the material) were removed in Hungary. In October, our army held a successful offensive against enemy troops in the Debrecen area. The Army Group "South", which acted in Hungary, was defeated due to well-planned actions of our troops. After that, the USSR troops headed towards Budapest, surrounded the enemy and entered the city.
The last combat operations of the troops of the 2 Ukrainian front took place in Austria and the Czech Republic. Prague offensive operation against individual parts of German troops ended on May 12, 1945.
Conclusion
In the history of BOB 2, the Ukrainian Front (combat path - 1943-1945) left a noticeable trace. The troops of this is this front liberated strategically important areas and also participated in the battles in many European countries.
Europe, Russia, Ukraine and Belarus will not forget the feats of Soviet soldiers!
2nd Ukrainian Front
Malinovsky R. Ya. - Commander Front, Marshal of the Soviet Union.
Zhmasachenko F. F. - Commander of the 40th Army, Lieutenant-General.
Trofimenko S. G. - Commander of the 27th Army, Lieutenant-General.
Managarov I. M. - Commander of the 53rd Army, Lieutenant-General.
Sumilov M. S. - Commander of the 7th Guards Army, Colonel-General.
SHAREIN I. T. - Commander of the 46th Army.
Kravchenko A. G. - Commander of the 6th Guards Tank Army, Colonel-General Tank Forces.
Plylev I. A. - Commander of the equestro-mechanized group, Lieutenant-General.
Gorshkov S. I. - Commander of the equestro-mechanized group, Lieutenant-General.
Goryunov S. K. - Commander of the 5th aerial army, Colonel-General Aviation.
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