Army landing Airborne Forces - Elite of the Russian Army

Military troops are one of the strong components of the army of the Russian Federation. IN last years, in connection with a tense international situation, the DVD value increases. The size of the territory of the Russian Federation, its landscape variety, as well as the borders, practically with all conflict states, suggests that it is necessary to have a large supply of special groups of troops, which will be able to provide the necessary protection in all areas what are the air force.

As the structure of air forces Extensive, often the question of the Airborne Forces and the LCB of the same troops arise? The article disassembles the differences between them, history, goals and military training of both organizations, the composition.

Differences between the troops

Differences are lurking in the names themselves. DSHB is a landing assault brigade, organized and specializing in the attacks of the enemy's near rear in case of deploying large-scale hostilities. Rangered assault brigades The Airborne Forces are subject to airborne troops, as one of their divisions and specialize only on assault grip.

Airborne Airborne Forces, whose tasks are capturing the enemy, as well as the capture and destruction of enemy weapons and other air operations. The functional of the Airborne Forces is much wider - intelligence, sabotage, assault. For greater understanding of differences, consider the history of the creation of the Airborne Forces and DSHB separately.

History of the Airborne Forces

The Airborne Forces begins his story since 1930, when the city was operated under the city of Voronezh on August 2, where 12 people on parachutes were landed from the air in the part of the special unit. This operation then opened his eyes to leadership for new opportunities for parachute troops. Next year, based on Leningrad Military District, a detachment is formed, which received a long name - aircraft and accounted for about 150 people.

The effectiveness of paratroopers was obvious and reviable makes the decision to expand it by creating airborne troops. The order saw the light at the end of 1932. In parallel, in Leningrad, the instructors training was conducted, in the future they were distributed to the county on special purpose battalions in aviation.

In 1935, the Military District of Kiev demonstrated to foreign delegations all the power of the Airborne Forces, having arranged an impressive disembarking of 1200 paratroopers, which quickly captured the airfield. Later, similar teachings are held in Belarus, as a result of which the German delegation is already impressive than the disembarkation of 1800 people, I decided to organize my airborne detachment, and then the regiment. In this wayThe Soviet Union is rightfully home to the Airborne Forces.

In 1939, our landing troops There is an opportunity to show yourself in practice. In Japan, the 212nd Brigade was planted on the Khalkin-goal river, and after a year 201, 204 and 214 brigades will be involved in the war with Finland. Knowing that we are no longer affordable for us, 5 air buildings were formed at 10 thousand people and the Airborne Forces acquires a new status - Guards troops.

In 1942, he was marked by the largest airborne operation during the war years, which took place near Moscow, where about 10 thousand paratroopers were reset in the German rear. After the war, the Airborne Forces was decided to attach to the VGC and appoint the commander of the Airborne Forces of the USSR, this honor drops the Colonel-General V.V. Glagolev.

Big innovations in airborne The troops came with "Uncle Vasya." In 1954, V.V. Glagolova replaces V.F. Margelov and holds the position of commander of the Airborne Forces until 1979. In the Margelov, the Airborne Forces is supplied with novelties of military equipment, including artillery installations, combat vehicles, special attention is paid to working under the conditions of a sudden attack nuclear weapon.

Armenian troops took part in all the most significant conflicts - the events of Czechoslovakia, in Afghanistan, Chechnya, in Nagorno-Karabakh, North and South Ossetia. Several of our battalions performed UN peacekeeping tasks in Yugoslavia.

In our time, about 40 thousand fighters are included in the ranks of the Airborne Forces, when conducting special operations - paratroopers make it the basis, since the Airborne Forces is a highly qualified component of our army.

The history of the formation of DSB.

Rangered assault brigades Started their history after it was decided to rewind the Tactics of the Airborne Forces in the conditions of unleashing large-scale hostilities. The goal of such LCBs was to disorganize opponents by mass fallows close to the enemy, such operations were most often performed from helicopters with small groups.

Closer to the end of the 60s in the Far East, it was decided to form 11 and 13 brigades at the helicopter shelves. These shelves were involved primarily in hard-to-reach areas, the first attempts of landings took place in the northern cities of Magdachi and Zavitinsky. Therefore, in order to become a paratrooper of this brigade needed power and special endurance, since weather It was practically unpredictable, for example, in winter the temperature reached up to -40 degrees, and in the summer an abnormal heat was present.

The location of the deployment of the first dshb It was not just that the Far East was chosen. It was the time of complex relationship with China, which were even more aggravated after the collision of interests on the island of Damascus. The brigades were given an order to prepare for the reflection of the attack by China, which could attack themselves.

High level And the significance of DSB. It was demonstrated on the exercises in the late 1980s on the island of ITUPU, where 2 battalions and artillery were planned at the MI-6 and Mi-8 helicopters. The garrison, due to weather conditions, was not warned about the teachings, as a result of which the fire was opened, but due to the highly qualified preparation of paratroopers, none of the participants suffered.

At the same year, LCHP numbered 2 regiments, 14 brigades, about 20 battalions. On one brigade They were attached to one military district, but only to those who had a way out to the border on land. Kiev also had his brigade, another 2 brigades were given to our parts that were abroad. Each brigade had an artillery division, subdivisions of the rear and combat destination.

After the termination of the USSR of its existenceThe budget of the country did not allow the mass content of the army, so there was nothing else to disaglace some parts of the DSHB and the Airborne Forces. The beginning of the 90s is marked with the removal of DSHB from submission Far East and transformation to complete submission to Moscow. Team assault brigades are converted into separate airborne brigades - 13 OTDBR. In the mid-90s, the ADV reduction plan disbanded the composition of 13 OTDBR.

Thus, from the above, it can be seen that DSB was created as one of the structural divisions of the Airborne Forces.

Interesting

The composition of the Airborne Forces includes the following divisions:

• airborne;
• ardent assault;
• mountains (which act exclusively on mountain hills).

These are the three main components of the Airborne Forces. In addition, they consist of a division (76.98, 7, 106 Guards archery), brigades and shelves (45, 56, 31, 11, 83, 38 Guards airborne). In Voronezh, a brigade in 2013, obtained number 345.

Personnel composition of theun prepared B. educational institutions Military reserve Ryazan, Novosibirsk, Kamenets-Podolsk, in Kolomensky. Training was conducted in the directions of the parachute-landing (ardent assault) platoon, commanders of reconnaissance platforms.

The school produced annually about three hundred graduates - it was not enough to satisfy the personnel demands of the military-airborne troops. Consequently, the airborne faculties in the military servicemen could get into military servicemen in special areas of schools such as general and military departments.

Preparation

The Commander's composition of DSHB was chosen most often from the Airborne Forces, and Kombatov, Deputy Combatov, Roth Commander from the nearest military districts. In the 70s, due to the fact that the leadership decided to repeat his experience - create and equip LCB, expands planned set in educational institutionswho trained future airborne officers. The mid-80s was noted by the fact that the officers were issued to the service in the DSH, being prepared by educational program For airborne. Also during these years, the complete permutation of officers is being conducted, it was almost all decided to replace in the DSH. At the same time, excellent students went to the service mainly in the Airborne Forces.

To get to the service in the AirborneAs in DSB, it is necessary to comply with specific criteria:

• growth 173 and higher;
• average physical development;
• secondary education;
• without medical restrictions.

If everything corresponds, then the future fighter begins to prepare.

Special attention is paid to, of course, physical training of aerial packers, which is carried out constantly, begins with a daily lift at 6 am, hand-to-hand combat ( special program Learning) and ends with long marchs of 30-50 km. So every fighter has a huge excerpt And endurance, besides, the guys who engaged in any sport, which develops the most endurance is selected in their ranks. To check it out, the endurance test is passed - in 12 minutes the fighter must run 2.4-2.8 km., Otherwise, there is no point in the Airborne Service.

It is worth noting that not in vain they are called universal fighters. These people can act at various locations into any weather conditions absolutely silently, can be masked, own all types of weapons both their own and enemy, manage any kind of transport, communications. In addition to excellent physical training, psychological, as the fighters have to overcome not only long distances, but also "work head" to get ahead of the enemy throughout the operation.

Intellectual suitability is founded with the help of tests compiled by specialists. Communicably taken into account psychological compatibility in the team, the guys include in a certain detachment for 2-3 days after which the old-workers give an assessment of behavior.

Psychophysical training is carried outwhich implies a task with an increased risk where physical and mental tension goes. Such tasks are aimed at overcoming fear. At the same time, if it turns out that the future paratrooper does not feel, in general, feelings of fear, then he does not take on further training, since this feeling is quite naturally taught to control it, and not eradicate at all. The preparation of the Airborne Forces gives our country a huge advantage in the face of fighters in front of any enemy. Most doubles already have a familiar lifestyle even after retirement.

Armament of aircraft

Concerning technical EquipmentIn the Airborne Forces, the combination of high-end equipment is involved and a specially designed for this kind of troops. Some of the samples were created in the USSRBut the bulk was developed after the collapse of the Soviet Union.

Soviet periods include:

• a landing combat machine - 1 (the number reaches - 100 units);
• BMD-2M (approximately 1 thousand units), they are used both in ground and in parachute methods of disembarkation.

These technicians have been tested over the years and participated in multiple armed conflicts, held in our country and abroad. Nowadays, in the conditions of rapid progress, these models are outdated and morally, and physically. A little later, the BMD-3 model came out and today the number of such equipment is only 10 units, as the production is discontinued, it is planned to gradually replace the BMD-4.

The Airborne Forces also owns armored personnel transporters of the BTR-82A, BTR-82AM and BTR-80 and the most numerous caterpillar armored personnel carrier - 700 units, and it is the most outdated (mid-70s), it gradually replaces the armored personnel carrier - MDM "Shell". There are also anti-tank guns 2C25 "Sprut-SD", armored personnel carrier - RD "Robot", and PTRK: "Competition", "Metis", "Fagot", and "Cornet". Fortune defense represented by rocket complexes, but a special place is given to a novelty, which not so long ago appeared in arms of the Airborne Forces - Verba PZRK.

Not so long ago, new techniques appeared:

• armored car "Tiger";
• Snowmobile a-1;
• cargo car KAMAZ - 43501.

As for communication systems, they are represented by local developed complexes of radio electronic struggle "Leer-2 and 3", Infaun, system administration is represented by air defense "Barnaul", "Andromeda" and "Flight-K" - automation of control of troops.

Weapon Presented by samples, for example, Yarygin's gun, PMM and a silent PSS pistol. The Soviet AK-74 automatic machine is still a personal arms of paratroopers, but gradually replaced with the latest AK-74M, and a silent machine "Shaft" is used on special operations. Parachute systems are also of the Soviet and post-Soviet type, which can landing large parties of soldiers and all the above described military technique. A hard technique includes automatic prescription grenadents AGS-17 "Flame" and AGS-30, SPG-9.

Armament of LMS

DSB has places with transport and helicopterswhich numbered:

• about twenty Mi-24, forty Mi-8 and forty Mi-6;
• the anti-tank battery was in service with a machine anti-tank grenade launcher 9 md;
• mortar battery included eight 82-millimeter BM-37;
• in the anti-aircraft platoon, there were nine PZRK Strela-2M;
• also included several BMD-1, infantry combat vehicles, armored personnel carriers for each landing assault battalion.

The armament of the brigade-artillery group consisted of Hubitz GD-30, PM-38 mortars, GP 2A2 guns, Maltka anti-tank missile complex, SPG-9MD, anti-aircraft installation ZU-23.

More severe technique Includes automatic prescription grenades AGS-17 "Flame" and AGS-30, SPG-9 "Spear". Air exploration is carried out with the help of the domestic nonsense "Orlan-10".

One interesting fact took place in the history of the Airborne University, quite a long time, thanks to the erroneous information of the media, the special competition fighters (SPN) were not rightly called paratroopers. The thing is, that in the air forces of our country In the Soviet Union, as in the post-Soviet did not exist, there were no SPN troops, but there are divisions and part of the SPN of the General Staff of the General Staff, which arose in the 50s. Until the 80s, the command was forced to completely deny their existence in our country. Therefore, those who were appointed in these troops learned about them only after putting the service. For the media they were masked under motorized rifle battalions.

Day of the Airborne Forces

Marine parathers celebrate Airborne Birthdaylike LSHB from August 2, 2006. This is a kind of gratitude for the effectiveness of air units, the decree of the President of the Russian Federation was signed by the same year. Despite the fact that the holiday is declared our government, the birthday is noteworthy not only in our country, but also in Belarus, Ukraine and most CIS countries.

Every year the veterans of the Airborne Forces and the active fighters are found in the so-called "place of meetings", in each city it is its own, for example, in Astrakhan "Brotherly Sadik", in Kazan "Victory Square", in Kiev "Hydropark", in Moscow "Poklonnaya Mountain", Novosibirsk "Central Park". IN major cities Confirmation of demonstration performances, concerts and fairs.

Girth of the armed forces, which is a reserve Supreme Command and specifically designed to cover the enemy by air and perform tasks in its rear on violation of the management of troops, the seizure and destruction of ground elements of high-precision weapons, breaking the extension and deployment of reserves, violation of the operation of the rear and communications, as well as on the cover (defense) of individual directions, districts , open flanks, blocking and destroying landed air assaults, broken enemy groups and perform many other tasks.

In peacetime, airborne troops fulfill the main tasks of maintaining combat and mobilization readiness at the level ensuring their successful application for purpose.

In the Armed Forces of Russia are a separate native of troops.

Also the Airborne Forces are often used as rapid response force.

The main way to deliver the Airborne Forces is a parachute landing, can also be delivered by helicopters; During World War II, the plans were practiced.

Airborne Union of the USSR

Pre-war period

At the end of 1930, under Voronezh, in the 11th Rifle Division, the Soviet airborne part was created - an aircraft detachment. In December 1932, he was deployed in the 3rd Aviation Brigade of Special Forces (OPAZ), which since 1938 became referred to as the 201th airborne brigade.

The very first use of the air landing in the history of military business occurred in the spring of 1929. In besieged Basmachi, Garm was planted from the air a group of armed redarmeys, and with the support of local residents completely defeated the gang, invading from abroad to the territory of Tajikistan. But still the day of the Airborne Forces in Russia and a number of other countries it is customary to be considered on August 2, in honor of the parachute landing on the military teaching of the Moscow Military District under Voronezh 2 August 1930.

in 1931, on the basis of the order of March 18, an abnormal, experienced aviation motorized landing squad (aircraft modifiable detachment) was formed in the Leningrad Military District. It was intended to study issues of operational and tactical use and the most advantageous organizational forms of aviation landing (airborne) divisions, parts and compounds. The detachment numbered 164 people of personnel and consisted of:

One rifle company;
-Tell platforms: sapper, communications and light cars;
-thewable bomber aviation squadron (aircadron) (12 aircraft - TB-1);
-Od corpule aviation detachment (airline) (10 aircraft - P-5).
The detachment was in service:

Two 76-mm dynamoreactive guns of Kurchevsky (DRP);
-The tankets - T-27;
-4 grenade launcher;
-3 Light armor vehicles (armored vehicles);
-14 manual and 4 machine guns;
-10 cargo and 16 passenger cars;
-4 motorcycle and one scooter
E. D. Lukin was appointed commander of the squad. Subsequently, in the same airbrigade, an abnormal parachute target squad was formed.

In 1932, the USSR revisions issued a decree on the deployment of detachments into special purpose aviation battalions (Bosnaz). By the end of 1933, there were already 29 airborne battalions and brigades included in the Air Force. On Leno (Leningrad Military District), the task of training instructors on the air force and the development of operational and tactical standards was assigned.

According to the standards of that time, the airborne parts were an effective means of disorganization of the control and rear of the enemy. They were supposed to be used where other types of troops (infantry, artillery, cavalry, armored troops) can not this moment Solve this task, and also intended to use the highest command in collaboration with the troops coming from the front, the air deposits were to help the environment and defeat the enemy in this direction.

State No. 015/890 of 1936 "An airborne brigade" (ADBR) of wartime and peacetime. The name of the divisions, the number of personnel of military time (in brackets the number of personnel of peacetime):

Management, 49 (50);
- Communication, 56 (46);
-Muscant platoon, 11 (11);
-3-and airborne battalion, each, 521 (381);
-shkol junior commander, 0 (115);
- service, 144 (135);
Total: in Brigade, 1823 (1500); Personal composition:

Command formulation, 107 (118);
-Articles, 69 (60);
-Lowered command and superior composition, 330 (264);
-Article composition, 1317 (1058);
-The: 1823 (1500);

Material part:

45 mm Petto gun, 18 (19);
-Work machine guns, 90 (69);
-Dictation, 20 (20);
-Automatic carbines, 1286 (1005);
-Log mortars, 27 (20);
-All cars, 6 (6);
-Gruid cars, 63 (51);
-Special cars, 14 (14);
-Automotivers "Pickup", 9 (8);
-Motociccles, 31 (31);
-Tractors chtz, 2 (2);
-Tractor trailers, 4 (4);
In the prewar years, many forces and means for the development of airborne troops, the development of the theory of their combat use, as well as practical training. In 1934, 600 parachutes were attracted to the teachings of the Red Army. In 1935, 1188 paratroopers were landing on the maneuvers of the Kiev Military District and landing landing landing lines of 2,500 people together with military equipment.

In 1936, 3,000 parachutes were landing in the Belarusian Military District, 8,200 people with artillery and other combat equipment were landing. The invited foreign military delegations present on these teachings were amazed by the gifts of landings and mission of landing.

"31. Parachute landing parts like new Rod Air infantry, are a means of disorganization of control and rear of the enemy. They are used by the highest command.
In cooperation with the troops coming from the front, the air infantry helps the surroundings and defeat the enemy in this direction.

The use of air infantry should be strictly constructed with the conditions of the situation and requires reliable support and compliance with secrecy and suddenness. "
- Chapter Two "Organization of the RKKKA troops" 1. The kind of troops and their combat use, Field Charter of the Red Army (PU-39)

The paratroopers acquired experience in real battles. In 1939, the 212nd airborne brigade took part in the defeat of the Japanese at the Khalkhin-goal. For manifested courage and heroism, 352 paratroopers were awarded orders and medals. In 1939-1940, during the Soviet-Finnish war, together with the rifle parts, the 201st, 202nd and 214th airborne brigades were fighting.

On the basis of the experience gained in 1940, new teams of brigades were approved as part of three combat groups: parachute, planer and landing and landing.

In the preparation of an operation on the accession of Bessarabia to the USSR, the occupied Romanian, as well as the Northern Bukovina, the command of the Red Army enrolled in the South Front of the 201st, 204th and 214th Avualental Brigades. In the course of operation, combat missions received the 204th and 201st ADBR and the landings were chosen to the district of Bolgrad and Izmail, and after the closure of the State Government for the organization of the Soviet bodies of the Office in settlements.

The Great Patriotic War

By the beginning of 1941, on the basis of the airborne brigades, the airborne buildings of which 10 thousand people were treated with the number of one.
September 4, 1941 by order People's Commissar The Airborne Department was transformed into the management of the Airborne Commander of the Red Army, and the connections and parts of the Airborne Forces are derived from the subordination of the commander of the current fronts and are transmitted to the direct submission of the Air Commander. In accordance with this order, the formation of ten airborne corps, five maneuverable airborne brigades, five spare airborne regiments and an airborne school (Kuybyshev) was implemented. At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War The Airborne Forces was an independent genus (troops) of the RKKA Air Force.

In a counterattack near Moscow, conditions appeared for the widespread use of the Airborne Forces. In the winter of 1942, an amusement airborne operation was held with the participation of the 4th airborne building. In September 1943, an air landing room was used in the composition of two brigades to help the Troops of the Voronezh Front in the forcing the Dnieper River. In the Manchu strategic operation in August 1945, more than 4 thousand people of the personal composition of rifle units were planted for amphibious actions, which completely successfully completed the tasks.

In October 1944, the Airborne Forces were transformed into a separate Guards Airborne Army, which became a long-range aviation. In December 1944, this army was on the basis of the order of the BGK rates of December 18, 1944, was transformed into the 9th Guards Army, based on the management of the 7th Army and the compounds of the individual Guards Airborne Army with direct submission of the VGC rate. The landing divisions were reformed in the Rifle divisions.
At the same time, the Airborne Department was created with immediate subordination to the Air Force Commander. Three airborne brigades were left as part of the Airborne Brigade, an educational airborne regiment, an enhancement courses of the officer and an aeronautic division. At the end of the winter of 1945, the 9th Guards Army consisting of 37, 38, the 39th Guards rifle buildings was concentrated in Hungary southeastern Budapest; February 27, she became part of the 2nd Ukrainian FrontOn March 9, the 3rd Ukrainian Front was reconnected. In March - April 1945, the Army took part in the Vienna Strategic Operation (March 16 - April 15), coming in the direction of the main strike of the front. In early May 1945, the army as part of the 2nd Ukrainian Front participated in the Prague operation (May 6-11). The 9th Guards Army graduated from ELBA. The army was disbanded on May 11, 1945. The Army Commander - Colonel-General V. V. (December 1944 - until the end of the war). On June 10, 1945, in accordance with the order of the Supreme Commandment rate of May 29, 1945, the central group of troops was formed in the composition of which 9 Guards Army entered. Later led to the Moscow District, where in 1946 it was converted to the Airborne Department in 1946, and all its compounds became the guards airborne - 37th, 38th, 39th corps and 98, 99, 100, 103, 104 , 105, 106, 107, 114 VDD (airborne division).

Post-war period

Since 1946, the USSR Armed Forces were transferred to the Ground Forces, were directly subordinated to the USSR Defense Minister as a reserve of the Supreme Commander.
In 1956, two airborne divisions participated in Hungarian events. In 1968, after the seizure of two airfields under Prague and Bratislava, the 7th and 103rd guards airborne divisions were planted, which ensured the successful performance of the tasks and parts of the combined armed forces of the countries participating in the organization of the Warsaw Treaty during Czechoslovak events.

In the post-war period in the Airborne Forces, a lot of work was carried out on the enhancement of firepower and mobile mobility. Numerous samples of avoidant armored vehicles (BMD, BTR-D), automotive equipment (TPK, GAZ-66), artillery systems (ACSU-57, ACSU-85, 2C9 "Nona", 107-mm unwitting gun B-11) were made. Complex parachute systems were created to land all the names of weapons - "Centaur", "Retastavr" and others. Also, the fleet of military transport aviation, called for mass transfer of landing compounds in the case of large-scale combat operations was also very increased. Large-body transport aircrafts were made capable of producing a parachute targeting of military equipment (An-12, An-22, Il-76).

In the USSR, for the first time in the world, airborne troops were created, which had their own armored vehicles and self-propelled artillery. On large army teachings (like shield-82 or friendship-82), a personal composition was landed with a standard technique of no more than two parachute regiments. The state of military transport aircraft of the USSR Sun at the end of the 1980s, allowed 75% of the personal composition and regular military equipment of one airborne division in just one total departure to be released by a parachute method.

By the fall of 1979, the 105th Guards Vienna Red-known Airborne Division was disbanded, specially intended for conducting hostilities in mining and deserted terrain. Part 105th GW.VDD was stationed in the cities of Fergana, Namangan and Chirchik of the Uzbek SSR and in the city of Osh Kyrgyz SSR. As a result, the disbandment of the 105th GV.VDD was created 4th separate landing assault brigades (35th Guards, 38th Guards and 56th Guards), 40th (without the status of "Guards") and 345 Guards Separate Parachute Regiment.

The 105th GW.VDD, in 1979, the commissioning of Soviet troops in Afghanistan, showed a deep fallacy adopted by the leadership of the USSR SCSR Solutions - an airborne compound, specially adapted for conducting hostilities in mining and deserted terrain unproperly and quite hastily It was disbanded, and in Afghanistan, 103 GV.VDD was sent to Afghanistan, the personnel of which did not have any preparation for conducting hostilities at a similar theater of hostilities:

105th Guards Airborne Vienna Red-known Division (Mining and Deserted).:
"... In 1986, the commander of the Airborne Forces, General Army of Sukhorukov D. F., arrived in 1986, he said what fools we were, disbanding the 105th airborne division, because it was specially designed to conduct hostilities in mining and deserted terrain. And we were forced to spend huge means for delivering to Kabul by air 103rd airborne division ... "

By the mid-1980s, the USSR Airborne Airborne Forces was 7-bit airborne divisions and three separate shelf with the following names and deployment places:

The 7th Guards Red Snimped Order of Kutuzov II Degree Airborne Division. Based in Kaunas Lithuanian SSR, Baltic in.
-76th Guards Red-known Order of Kutuzov II degree Chernihiv Airborne Division. It was stationed in the city of Pskov RSFSR, Leningrad in.
-98th Guards Red-known Cutuzov Order II degree Sweet Airborne Division. Based in Bolgrad Ukrainian SSR, code and in Chisinau Moldavian SSR, code.
-103 GVARDERSKAYA REDUCED ORDEN OF LENIN ORDER CUTZOVA II ELECTRICAL DIVISION named after the 60th anniversary of the USSR. Depotated in Kabul (Afghanistan) as part of Oxv. Until December 1979 and after February 1989 was stationed in Vitebsk Belarusian SSR, Belarusian in.
-104th Guards Red-known Order of Kutuzov II Degree Airborne Division, specially designed to conduct hostilities in mountainous areas. Was stationed in Kirovabad Azerbaijan SSR, Transcaucasian in.
-106th Guards Red-known Kutuzov Order Airborne Division. Depotated in Tula and in Ryazan RSFSR, Moscow.
-44th Educational red-known Order of Suvorov II degree and Bogdan Khmelnitsky II degree Ovruch Airborne Division. Locked in the village. Gayzhuynai Lithuanian SSR, Baltic in.
-345th Guards Vienna Red-known Order of Suvorov III degree Parachute-landing regiment named after the 70th anniversary of the Leninsky Komsomol. It was located in Bagram (Afghanistan) as part of Oxv. Until December 1979 was based in Fergana Uzbek SSR, after February 1989 - in the city of Kirovabad of the Azerbaijan SSR, Transcaucasian at.
-387th educational separate parachute regiment (387th OPDP). Until 1982 was within 104 GV.VDD. In the period from 1982 to 1988, a young replenishment was prepared in the 387th OPDP to send to airborne and arranged assault parts as part of OKSVA. In cinema, in the film "9th Rota" under the study part it is meant exactly the 387th OPSP. Based in Fergana Uzbek SSR, Turkestan.
-196th separate communication regiment of airborne troops. Posted in the village. Bear lakes in the Moscow region of the RSFSR.
Each of these divisions had in its composition: control (headquarters), three parachute regiment, one artillery self-propelled regiment and combat and rear collateral units.

In addition to paratrooping parts and compounds, the airborne troops were also arranged assault parts and compounds, but they directly submitted to the commander of military districts (groups of troops), armies or buildings. They practically did not differ, except tasks, subordinnences and the OSHS (organizational-staff structure). Methods of combat use, combat training programs, weapons and uniforms of military personnel - was the same as parachute-landing parts and airborne compounds (central subordination). The array-assault formations were represented by separate assault-assault brigades (ODSBR), separate landing assault shelves (ODSP) and individual ardent assault battalions (ODESB).

The reason for the creation of arranged assault formations in the late 60s, served the revision of tactical techniques in the fight against the enemy in the event of a full-scale war. The rate was made on the concept of using massive assaults in the near rear of the enemy capable of disorganizing defense. The technical opportunity for such landing provided a significant fleet of transport helicopters in army aviation significantly increased by this time.

By the mid-1980s, the USSR was 14 separate brigades, two separate shelf and about 20 separate battalions. Brigades were based on the territory of the USSR according to the principle - one brigade for one military district, having a land access to the state border of the USSR, one brigade in the inner Kiev Military District (23DShBR in Kremenchug, subordinate to the chief command of the South-Western direction) and two brigades for the group Soviet troops abroad (35GV.ODSHBR in GSVG in Kotbus and 83ODSBR in the SGV in the city of Bialogard). 56Odshbr in Oxawa, located in Gardes of the Republic of Afghanistan, referred to the Turkestan Military District, which was created.

Separate landing assault shelves submitted to the commanders of individual army buildings.

The difference between parachute and landing and assault assaults of the Airborne Forces was as follows:

In stock Forehouse landing armored equipment (BMD, BTR-D, SAU "NON", etc.). In the arranged assault parts it was equipped with only a quarter from all units - unlike 100% staffing in parachute-landing parts.
-In the subordination of the troops. The ardent assault parts, in operational, directly submitted to the command of military districts (groups of troops), armies, buildings. Parachute-landing parts obeyed only the command of the Airborne Forces, whose headquarters were in Moscow.
-In tasks. It was assumed that the ardent assault parts, in the event of the beginning of large-scale hostilities, will be applied to landing in the near rear of the enemy, mainly a landing method from helicopters. Parachute, landing parts were supposed to be used in a deeper enemy rear with a disembarkation of a parachute with airplanes of the aircraft (military transport aircraft). At the same time, airborne preparation with planned training landings by a parachute method of personnel and military equipment - was mandatory for both types of airborne formations.
-In the difference from the Guards parachute of the airborne parts of the Airborne Forces unfolded at full state, some arranged assault brigades were lessed (incomplete composition) and were not guards. The exception was three brigades that received the names of the Guards, created on the basis of the Guards Parachute Regiment, disbanded in 1979 of the 105th Vienna Red Banner Guards Airborne Division - 35th, 38th and 56th. The 40th array assault team created on the basis of the 612th separate battalion of the incomant provision and the 100th separate intelligence company of the same division - the status "Guards" - did not receive.
In the mid-80s, the following brigades and shelves were part of the Armed Forces of the St. Sun of the USSR:

11th Separate landing assault brigade in Zabaykalsky at (Chita region, Mogocha and Amazar),
-13 - a separate landing assault brigade in the Far Eastern on (Amur region of Magdagachi and Zavitinsk),
-21 - I am a separate assault assault brigade in Transcaucasian at (Georgian SSR, Kutaisi),
-23 - a separate array assault brigade of the south-western direction (on the territory of the Kiev C), (Ukrainian SSR, Kremenchug),
-35th Separate Guards Assault Brigade in the Group Soviet troops in Germany (German Democratic Republic, Kotbus),
-36-I separate assault brigade in Leningrad in ( Leningrad region, PGT Garbolovo),
-37-I am a separate landing assault brigade in the Baltic at (Kaliningrad region, Chernyakhovsk),
-38 - I am a separate Guards argent assault brigade in Belarusian at (Belarusian SSR, Brest),
-39th separate landing assault brigade in the Carpathian in (Ukrainian SSR, Khyrov),
-40-I am a separate landing assault brigade in Odessa at (Ukrainian SSR, PGT. Big Corenich Nikolaev region),
-56th Guards A separate landing assault brigade in Turkestan in (created in the city of Chirchik Uzbek SSR and introduced into Afghanistan),
-57-I am a separate landing assault brigade in Central Asian at (Kazakh SSR, PGT Aktogai),
-58-I am a separate landing assault brigade in Kiev (Ukrainian SSR, Kremenchug),
-83-I am a separate array assault brigade in the Northern Group of Troops, (Polish People's Republic, Bialogard),
-1318th Separate landing assault regiment in Belarusian at (Belarusian SSR, Polotsk) in submission of the 5th separate Army Corps (5AK)
-1319th Separate archer assault regiment in Zabaykalskiy in (Buryat ASSR, Kyakhta) in submission of the 48th separate Army Corps (48OC)
These brigades had in their composition management, 3 or 4-ardent assault battalions, one artillery division and division of combat and rear support. The personnel of fully explored brigades reached from 2500 to 3,000 servicemen.
For example, the regular number of personnel 56OdShBR as of December 1, 1986 was 2452-A military personnel (261 officer, 109 ensigns, 416 sergeants, 1666 soldiers).

The shelves differed from the brigades by the presence of only two battalions: one parachute-landing and one asian assault (on BMD), as well as a somewhat reduced composition of the divisions of the regimental set.

Participation of the Airborne Forces in the Afghan War

In the Afghan war from the airborne and arranged assault formations of the USSR, one airborne division (103 GW.VDD), one separate landing assault brigade (56OdShBR), one separate parachute regiment (345GVPDP) and Two landing assault battalion as part of individual motorized rifle brigades (in 66OMSBR and 70OMSBR). In total, in 1987, these were 18 "linear" battalions (13th parachute-landing and 5th parataging-assault), which amounted to the fifth of the total number of all "linear" OXVA battalions (including 18-b Tank and 43 and motorized rifle battalions).

Almost all the history of the Afghan war did not have a single situation that would acquitte the use of parachute landing for the transfer of personnel. The main causes were the complexity of the mining relief, as well as the unjustification of material costs in the use of similar methods in the counterpartiesan war. Delivery of the personnel of parachute and landing and assault-embodiments in the mountainous areas of combat operations impassable for armored vehicles was carried out only by the landing method using helicopters. Therefore, the separation of linear battalions of the Airborne Forces in Oxawa to the ardent-assault and parachute-landing should be considered conditional. Both the other types of battalions acted at the same scheme.

As in all motorized rifle, tank and artillery units in the composition of OKSVA, up to half of all units of airborne and landing and assault formations were distributed to watchdogs on watchdogs, which allowed to control roads, mountain passes and an extensive territory of the country, significantly faster than those The most action of the enemy. For example, the battalions of the 350th Guards PDP were often based at various points of Afghanistan (in Kunare, Girishke, Surubi), controlling the situation in these areas. The 2nd parachute-land battalion from the composition of 345GVPDP was distributed to 20-watchdogs in the Panjscher gorge in the area of \u200b\u200bKislak Anaba. This is the most 2PDB 345PDP (together with the 682th motorized rifle regiment of the 108th MSD standing in the village. Ruha) completely blocked the Western exit from the gorge, which was the main transport artery of the enemy from Pakistan to a strategically important Charikar Valley.

The most mass combat airborne operation in the USSR Armed Forces, in the period after the Great Patriotic War, it is necessary to consider the 5th Panjshera operation in May-June 1982, during which the Mass landing of the landing of the 103rd Guards VD in Afghanistan was carried out: only During the first three days, the landing method from the helicopters was landing over 4 thousand people. In total, about 12 thousand military personnel of various types of troops participated in this operation. The operation was held simultaneously for all 120s km to the depth of the gorge. As a result, the operation most of the Panjscher gorge was taken under control.

In the period from 1982 to 1986, a planned replacement of the staffing aircraft aircraft (BMD-1, BTR-D) on armored vehicles (BMP-2D, BTR-70) was carried out in all landing units of Oxv. First of all, it was associated with rather small protectedness and low motorway for constructive lightweight armored vehicles of the Airborne Forces, as well as the nature of hostilities, where the combat missions performed by paratroopers will differ little from the tasks of the motorized rifles.

Also, additional artillery and tank units will introduce additional artillery and tank units to enhance the firepower of landing units. For example, 345PDP on the sample of the motorized rifle shelf will be supplemented with an artillery welcome division and a tank rose, in the 56thdschbr, the artillery division was deployed up to 5 fire batteries (instead of the 3 batteries laid), and the 103rd GW.VDD will be given to strengthen the 62nd separate tank battalion that It was unusual for the organizational structure of parts of the Airborne Forces on the territory of the USSR.

Preparation of officer composition for airborne troops

Officers prepared the following military educational institutions in the following military accounting specialties:

Ryazan Higher Airborne Command School - the commander of the parachute-landing (ardent assault) platoon, the intelligence platoon commander.
- The detention faculty of the Ryazan Military Automobile Institute is the commander of the automotive / transport suspension.
- The detention faculty of the Ryazan Supreme Military Command School of Communication is the commander of the platoon of communication.
- The detention faculty of the Novosibirsk Supreme Military Command School is the Deputy Commander of the Company on the Political Part (educational work).
- The detention faculty of the Kolomna Higher Artillery Command School - the commander of the artillery platoon.
-Poltavsky Higher anti-aircraft missile team Red-known School - the commander of the zenith-artillery, anti-aircraft missile platoon.
- The dental faculty of Kamenets-Podolsky of the Supreme Military Engineering Command School is the engineering and sapper commander.
In addition to data graduates educational institutionsThe Airborne Forces were often appointed to the posts of platoon commander, graduates of the highest international schools (WOCU) and military departments, who merged the Motorized Relief platoon commanders. This was due to the fact that the profile Ryazan Supreme Airborne Command School, which issued about 300 lieutenants every year, was simply not able to fully ensure the needs of the Airborne Forces (at the end of the 80s there were about 60,000 personnel in them) In commander of the platforms. For example, the former commander of 247GV.PDP \u200b\u200b(7GV.VDD), the hero of the Russian Federation Em Yuri Pavlovich, who started the service in the Airborne Forces from the commander of the platoon in 111gv.PDP 105GV.VDD, graduated from Alma-Ata Higher Community Command School.

A rather long time of military personnel and parts of the SPN (so-called army special forces) erroneously and / or deliberately called paratroopers. This circumstance is connected with the fact that in the Soviet period, as well as now, in the Armed Forces of Russia there was no special purpose troops, and there were units and parts of the special purpose (SPN) of the GRU General Staff of the USSR. In print and in the media, the phrases of "Special Forces" or "Commander" were mentioned only in relation to the troops of the likely enemy ("green berets", "Rangers", "Commandos").

Starting from the formation of these parts in the USSR aircraft in 1950, until the end of the 80s, the existence of such divisions and parts was completely denied. It turned out to be the fact that on their existence, servicemen of the urgent service were recognized only when taking into the personnel of these units and parts. Officially, in the Soviet press and on television, the division and part of the SSR General Staff of the USSR Sun, the USSR was declared either parts of the Airborne Forces - as in the case of HSVG (officially in the GDR there were no parts of the SPN), or as in the case of OCSVA - separate motorized rifle battalions (OMSI). For example, the 173rd separate special detachment (173Ocline), which was founded near the city of Kandahar, was called the 3rd separate motorized rifle battalion (3OMSB)

IN everyday life The servicemen of units and parts of the SPN carried the parade and field shape, adopted in the Airborne Forces, although neither submission nor the intelligence and sabotage activities were not treated in any way. The only thing that united the Airborne Forces and the divisions and part of the SPN is most of the officer of graduates of the RVVDKU, airborne preparation and possible combat use in the enemy rear.

Airborne Union

The determining role in the formation of the theory of combat use and the development of armament of airborne troops belongs to the Soviet commanders Vasilia Filippovich Margelov, commander of the Airborne Forces from 1954 to 1979. The name of Marghelov also provides the positioning of airborne compounds of both highly cannon, sheltered armor and having sufficient fire efficiency of units to participate in modern strategic operations at various theaters of hostilities. On his initiative, the technical re-equipment of the Airborne Union was given on its initiative: the serial release of landing facilities was deployed at the defense enterprises, the modifications of small arms were made, a new military equipment was modernized and created (including the first Tracked Machine BMD-1) was taken on Armament and entered the troops new military transport aircraft, and finally created the own symbolism of the Airborne Forces - Telnyashki and blue berets. His personal contribution to the formation of the Airborne Forces in their modern video Molded General Pavel Fedoseevich Pavlenko:

"In the history of airborne troops, and in Armed Forces Russia and other countries of the former Soviet Union his name will remain forever. He personified a whole era in the development and development of the Airborne Forces, their authority and popularity is associated with his name, but also abroad ...
…IN. F. Margelov realized that in modern operations successfully operate in the deep rear of the enemy can only be able to the depths capable of a wide maneuver of the landings. It is categorically rejected by the installation on the hold of the area captured by the landing up to approach the troops of the tough defense as a destructive, for in this case the landing will be quickly destroyed. "

During World War II, the largest operational and tactical associations of airborne troops (forces) - army were formed. The airborne army (VDA) was specifically designed to perform major operational-strategic tasks in the enemy rear. First of 1943 was created at the end of 1943 in the Hitler Germany as part of several airborne divisions. In 1944, the Anglo-American command also created such an army as part of two airborne buildings (only five airborne divisions) and several compounds of military transport aviation. In combat actions, these army participation never took.
-The time of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 dozens of thousands of soldiers, sergeants, officers of the airborne parts of the Air Force of the Republic of China were awarded orders and medals, and 126 people were awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.
-After the completion of the Great Patriotic War and for several decades of the Airborne Forces of the USSR (Russia), and probably remain the most massive airborne troops on Earth.
- Only the Soviet parachuters in full combat equipment were able to landed on the North Pole, even in the late 40s
"Only the Soviet paratroopers dried away from multi-kilometer heights in the martal machines of the landing.
-Abbreviation of the Airborne Forces are sometimes deciphered as "two times of options", "Uncle Vasi troops", "Your Widow girls", "I can hardly come back", "all the paratrooper will endure", "everything is for you", "troops for war" and t d.

Airborne Forces
(Airborne)

From the history of the creation

The history of Russian airborne troops is inextricably linked with the history of the creation and development of the Red Army. Marshal of the Soviet Union M.N. introduced a great contribution to the theory of combat use of air assaults Tukhachevsky. In the second half of the 20s, he first of the number of Soviet military leaders deeply investigated the role of air assaults in the future war, substantiated the prospects of airborne troops.

In the work "New Questions of War" M.N. Tukhachevsky wrote: "If the country is prepared for the widespread production of airfare capable of capturing and stop operation railways The enemy in decisive directions, paralyze the deployment and mobilization of his troops, etc., then such a country will be able to turn the previous methods of operational action and make the outcome of the war much more decisive. "

A significant place in this work is assigned the role of air assaults in border battles. The author believed that air landings during this period of battle are more profitable to use for breaking mobilization, isolation and tossing border garrisons, defeated the local troops of the enemy, capturing airfields, landing sites and solving other important tasks.

Much attention was paid to the development of the theory of airborne troops. Ya.I. Alksnis, A.I. Egorov, A.I. Cork, I.P. Kalievich, I.E. Yakir and many other warlords. They believed that the airborne troops should serve the most prepared soldiers, ready to perform any task, showing decisiveness and durability. Air landings must apply sudden strikes on the enemy where no one is waiting for them.

Theoretical studies led to the fact that the combat activity of airborne troops should be an offensive nature, bold to the boldness and extremely maneuverable in carrying out rapidly focused shocks. Airpowers, as much as possible using the suddenness of their appearance, should rapidly strike at the most sensitive points, it is hourly achieving success, thereby increasing the panic in the ranks of the enemy.

Simultaneously with the development of the theory of combat use of the Airborne Forces in the Red Army, bold experiments on landing air assaults were carried out, an extensive program to create experienced airborne airborne units was conducted, issues of their organization were studied, a combat training system was developed.

For the first time, the air landing room for the combat task was applied in 1929. On April 13, 1929, Banda Fusaili made another raid from Afghanistan to the territory of Tajikistan. Basmachi's plans included to seize the Harm County and in the future to ensure the invasion of the Alai and Fergana valleys of larger Basmac gangs. The cavalry detachments with the task of destroying the gang before will capture the Garma County, were sent to the Basmachi invasion area. However, the information received from the city indicated that they would not have time to block the path of the gang, which had already broken down the detachment of the Garm volunteers in the counter-fight and threatened the city. In this critical situation, the commander of the Central Asian Military District P.E. Dybenko accepted a bold solution: to transfer the detachment of the fighters and a sudden blow to destroy the enemy on the approaches to the city. The detachment included 45 people armed with rifles and four machine guns. On the morning of April 23, two platoon commander flew in the area of \u200b\u200bhostilities on the first plane, and after them the second plane - the commander of the cavalry brigade T.T. Shapkin, Commissioner Brigade A.T. Fedin. The platoon commanders were supposed to capture the seating pad and ensure the landing of the main detachment forces. The task of the team commander was to explore the situation in place and then, returning back in Dushanbe, to report the results to the commander. Commissioner Fedin was supposed to accept the command of the landing and lead the actions for the destruction of the gang. After an hour and a half after the take-off of the first aircraft, the main forces of the landing force rose into the air. However, the decay action plan was previously abolished immediately after landing the aircraft with the commander and commissioner. Half of the city was already busy with bass, so it was impossible to slow. After sending a plane with the report, the brigade commander decided to immediately attack the enemy with the forces, without waiting for the arrival of the landing. I get in the next kishes of horses and crashing into two groups, the squad moved to Garm. Running into the city, the detachment brought a powerful machine-gun and rifle fire on the bass. Bandits were confused. They knew about the number of garrison of the city, but they were armed with rifles, and where did the machine guns come from? Bandits decided that the Division of the Red Army broke into the city, and, without preparing the onslaught, retreated from the city, having lost about 80 people. The capped cavalry parts ended the defeat of the gang of Fuselyli. Commander of District P.E. Dybenko with the analysis highly appreciated the actions of the detachment.

The second experiment took place on July 26, 1930. On this day, under the leadership of the Military pilot L. Misa in Voronezh, the first training jumps were committed. As the events occurred, Leonid Grigorievich Misov himself told: "I did not think that one jump could change in my life. I loved to fly with all my soul. Like all my comrades, treated at that time to parachutes with distrust. Yes, simply about them And I did not think. In 1928, I had the opportunity to be at a meeting of the management team of the Air Force, where I made my report on the results of work on "blind" flights in the Borisoglebsk School of Military pilots. " After the meeting, Peter Ionovich Baranov, the head of the Air Force, was called me, and asked: "In his report, you said that blindly flying should be unlikely to parachute. Leonid Grigorievich, and how, in your opinion, you need parachutes in military aviation ? "What I could then say! Of course, parachutes are needed. The best proof of that was a forced jump with a parachute of the pilot pilot M. Gromova. Remembering this case, I replied Peter Ionovichu. Then he offered me to go to the US and meet them Cases with a rescue service in aviation. Honestly, I agreed reluctantly. From the United States of America, I returned to "Light": with a "diploma" in my pocket and three jumps. Peter Ionovich Baranov, my report note put into a clean folder. When he closed her , on the cover I saw the inscription: "parachute". From the Cabinet Baranova I went out in two hours. There was a lot of work on the introduction of parachutes in aviation, on the organization of various research and experiments aimed at improving safety of flights. It was decided to spend classes in Voronezh The purpose of familiarizing the flight lifting composition with parachutes, with the organization of jumps. Baranov proposed to think about the possibility of training in Voronezh fees 10-15 Pa rashutists for the execution of group jump. On July 26, 1930, participants in the Moscow military district of the Moscow Military District were gathered at the airfield under Voronezh. I had to perform an indicative jump. Of course, everyone who was on the flight field considered me as ace in this matter. After all, I was here the only person who had already received air parachute baptism and jumped more than once, not two, but had a whole three jump! And I was engaged in me by a prize in the competitions of the strongest parachutists of the United States, apparently, seemed to be present inseparable. Together with me, Moshkovsky pilot, assigned to my assistant, was preparing for a jump. There were no more willing yet. My jump really managed. I landed easily, not far from the audience, even in my feet. Met applause. From somewhere who taking the girl handed me a bouquet of field chamomiles. - "What about Moshkovsky?" ... The plane goes to the course. In the doorway doors, his figure is clearly visible. It's time to jump. It's time! But he still stands in the door, apparently, not deciding to rush down. Another second, the second. At last! Over the incident man, the white loop was shot down and immediately turned into a tight parachute dome. - "URA-AA! .." - ran around. Many pilots, seeing us with Moshkovsky alive and unharmed, expressed a desire to jump too. On that day, the commander of the squadron A. Stoilov, his assistant K. Zatonsky, pilots I. Povalyaev and I. Mukhin. And three days later in the ranks of parachutists there were 30 people. After listening to my report on the progress of classes, Baranov asked: "Tell me, can you prepare for two or three days, say, ten or fifteen people for group jump?" Having received a positive answer, Peter Ionovich explained his thought: "It would be very good if it turned out to be possible in the course of Voronezh teaching to demonstrate the release of a group of armed parachutes for sabotage actions on the territory of the opponent."

It is necessary to say that this is the original and interesting task we took on execution with great enthusiasm. The release of the landing was decided from the Farman-Goliath aircraft. In those days it was the only plane, we mastered for jumping. His advantage over TB-1 bombers I had in the airbag was that a person was not required to get out on the wing - parachutists jumped directly into the open door. Moreover, all the students were in the cockpit. The feeling of the elbow of the comrade reassured everyone. In addition, the released could observe him, cheer up before the jump. For participation in the landing, ten volunteers who have already committed training jumps took place. In addition to landing fighters to the landing operation plan included reset from aircraft on special cargo parachutes of weapons and ammunition (manual machine guns, grenades, cartridges). For this purpose, two soft mail bags and four light heavy box designs K. Blagin were used. The landing group was divided into two detachments, since no more than seven parachutists were placed in the cockpit. After disembarking the first paratroopers, the plane returned to the airfield for the second group. In the break between jumps, it was planned to reset with three aircraft R-1 six cargo parachutes with weapons and ammunition. As a result of this experiment, I wanted to receive an answer to a number of questions: to establish the degree of dispersion of a group of six people and the time of separation from the aircraft of all fighters; Fix the time that will be required to descend the paratroopers to the ground, receiving the discarded weapons and bring the landing in full readiness for combat actions. In order to expand the experience of the first detachment, the first detachment was scheduled from a height of 350 meters, the second - from 500 meters, dropping the cargo - from 150 meters. Preparations for landing operation completed July 31. Each fighter knew his place in the plane and his task on Earth. The equipment of paratroopers, consisting of the main and spare parachutes, was laid and carefully fitted on the shape of the fighter, weapons and ammunition are packed in suspended bags and cargo parachutes.

On August 2, 1930, exactly at 9 o'clock from the Basing airfield, a plane rose. On his board - the first detachment of the parachute landing. Together with us and the head of the second group, I. Moshkovsky. He decided to see where the place of separation of our group so that later the guys would definitely land. Three P-1 aircraft flew behind us, under the wings of which cargo parachutes were suspended on the bombers.

Having done a circle, our plane turned to the mission of the landing, located about two kilometers from the airfield. Landing platform is a 600-meter free from crops per 800 meters. She was adjacent to a small khutor. One of the buildings located on the outskirts of the farm, outlined as a guideline for collecting parachutes after landing and the source point to start the hostilities of the landing in the rear of the opponent. - "Get ready!" - Trying to shut up the hum of motors, I commanded. The guys immediately rose and got up with each other, squeezing in right hand Exhaust ring. Persons are intense, focused. As soon as they crossed the platform, gave the team: "I went!" ... - the fighters literally poured out of the plane, I dived last and immediately jerked the ring. I counted - all the dome was revealed normally. We landed almost in the center of the site, not far from each other. Fighters, quickly collecting parachutes, ran to me. In the meantime, R-1 was passed above the heads and six parachutes with a weapon took place on the edge of the farm. We rushed there, unpacked bags, got machine guns, cartridges. And now in the sky again our "Farman" with the second group appeared. As it was planned, the Moshkovsky group left the plane at an altitude of 500 meters. They landed next to us. It took only a few minutes, and 12 paratroopers armed with two hand machine guns, rifles, revolvers and grenades were in full readiness for combat actions ... "

So the world's first parachute landing room was reset.

In the order of the USSR Revoensuit of October 24, 1930, the People's Commissar of K. Voroshilov noted: "As achievements, it is necessary to note successful experiments on the organization of air assaults. Airborne operations must be comprehensively studied from the technical and tactical side.

It is this order that is a legal evidence of the birth of the "Credit infantry" in the country of Soviets.

Organizational structure of airborne troops

• Command of airborne troops
• Airborne and landing assault connections:
  • 98th Guards Airborne Swirl Red-known Kutuzov 2th degree of Division;
  • 106th Guards Red Snimped Order of Kutuzov 2nd Degree Airborne Division;
  • 7th Guards Assault-Storm (Mountain) Red Banner Cutuzov 2th degree of Division;
  • 76th Guards Assignment-assault Chernihiv Red Banner Division;
  • 31st Separate Guards Archer Kutuzov 2th Degree of Brigade;
• Military part of the special purpose:
  • 45th Separate Guards Order Kutuzov Order Alexander Nevsky Regiment of Special Forces;
• Military parts:
  • 38th separate air register of airborne troops;

Airborne troops - the genus of troops, designed for hostilities in the rear of the enemy.

Designed to land from air in the enemy's rear or for rapid deployment in geographically removed areas, often applied as rapid response force.

The main way to deliver the Airborne Forces is a parachute landing, can also be delivered by helicopters; During the Second World War, the delivery on the plates was practiced.

The Airborne Forces consists of:
• parachute-landing
• tanks
• artillery
• self-propelled artillery
• other parts and units
• from parts and units of special troops and rear.

The personnel of the Airborne Forces landing along with personal weapons.

Tanks, rocket plants, artillery implements, self-propelled installations, ammunition and other material products are discarded from aircraft using airborne equipment (parachutes, parachute and parachute systems, cargo containers, platforms for installing and dropping weapons and equipment) or deliver aviation In the rear of the enemy on the captured airfields.

Main combat properties of the Airborne Forces:
• ability to quickly reach remote areas
• apply sudden strikes
• successfully lead the general combat.

In service with airborne troops there are aircraft aircraft installations ACS 85; Self-propelled artillery guns "Sprut-SD"; 122-mm Maubitsa D-30; Battle machines of the BMD-1/2 / 3/4; BTR-D armored personnel carriers.

Part of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation may be part of the united armed forces (for example, the CIS OV) or be under the joint command in accordance with the International Treaties of the Russian Federation (for example, as part of the UN peacekeeping forces or the Collective CIS forces to maintain peace in local military conflict zones ).

Soviet Union's Airborne Forces

The first case of the use of the air landing with the specific tasks for this kind of troops on covering the position of the enemy from the air, the action in its rear in order to capture weapons and violations of mobile forces was recorded in the spring of 1929. In this time, the structure of the formative Soviet Airborns has confidently conducted an operation on The neutralization of Basmachy detachments that treacherously invaded the territory of Soviet Tajikistan.

But the professional holiday of all paratroopers is not only in Russia, but also in most CIS countries is considered to be on August 2. It was on this day that at one of the military teachings were used by the forces of a parachute landing.

The beginning of the history of the WVTV of the USSR

Parts of the Airborne Forces in the USSR rapidly expanded. Aviation battalions of special purpose were created on the basis of experienced aircraft model detachments. New battalions demanded high-quality training of personnel in both practical and technical and tactical aspects. In the prewaging period, the number of exercises increased dramatically, during which the skills of the use of the air landing were worked out. The council of the Airborne Forces was actively involved in armed conflicts on the Khalkhin-goal River, in the Finnish campaign, in the accession of Bessarabia to the USSR.

By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the personnel of the Armed Forces of the USSR counted more than ten thousand people. The soldiers and officers of the Airborne University took an active part in many battles that were decisive for the fate of the entire military campaign: a counteroffensive near Moscow, the forcing of the Dnieper, the Manchu Strategic Operation.

Since 1946, the WDV of the USSR was subordinated directly to the Minister of Defense. The formation and development of the air landing as a modern order of troops, a qualitative change in its tactics is associated with the name of Vasily Filippovich Margelov, who led the elite units in 1954-1959 and 1961-1979. Vasily Fedorovich's figure is considered a cult in the environment of several generations of Soviet, and then Russian paratroopers. It is not by chance that the abbreviation "Airborne" comicively decoded as "Uncle Vasi" troops.

V.F. Marlelov is involved in the creation of the main distinguishing sign of the Airborne Forces of the USSR - the emblems in the form of a parachute surrounded by two aircraft. Not familiar with all the subtleties of the heraldic case, the legendary warlord, nevertheless, perfectly understood that the emblem of the Airborne Forces the USSR should become recognizable and beloved by all the soldiers and officers, one way or another connected with the "winged infantry". Calculation of Vasily Filippovich was justified: the signs of the WVTV of the USSR today are a real symbol and the embodiment of the landing fraternity, which the sacred meaning is attached.

Famous Emblem of the United States of the USSR was developed by Zinaida Ivanovna Bocharov. Margelov himself, evaluating the merits of the draftsman of the Airborne headquarters, called it the "paratrooper number 2" ("Number one", naturally, was Vasily Filippovich himself).

Composition of the CVD of the USSR

By the mid-1980s there were seven divisions of the WVTV of the USSR, as well as three separate shelf. Parts of the USSR Airborne Parts on a number of parameters could be divided into parachute-landing and ardent assault parts. The difference between the parts was in various subordination, equipped with military equipment and a number of other parameters. Thus, parachute, landing units were intended to conduct hostilities in a deeper rear than the mobile array of the Airborne Forces of the USSR. In general, the main parameters of the preparation of personnel and combat missions of the parts of both species were similar, and in most cases coincided. The divisions of the Airborne Forces are USSRDisLoculated in the Lithuanian SSR, RSFSR, Moldavian USSR, BSSR, Azerbaijan SSR, Uzbek SSR.

Particularly difficult was the issue of the existence of the Special Forces of the Airborne Forces of the USSR. The special purpose divisions were called paratroopers, since the true name of these military structures at the official level was not advertised. As a result, the fighters of special purpose troops were carried out the form of the Airborne Forces, although neither the specifics of the combat missions were performed, nor submission to this type of troops did not belong to the Soviet Union of the USSR still remains the object of sharp discussions of military historians and specialists.

Soviet airborne coup during the Afghan campaign

Events in Afghanistan became the largest campaign after the Great Patriotic War, in which parts of the USSR Airborne Union were involved. The 18 linear battalions of the WDV of the USSR amounted to the fifth of all "linear" battalions of a limited contingent of Soviet troops in Afghanistan.

Specific relief did not allow the use of all tactical possibilities of landing units. Nevertheless, in the summer of 1982, more than four thousand soldiers and officers of the Soviet Airborne Parts took part in a successful operation on stripping in the Pandsher gorge.

Participation of the Airborne Forces of the USSR in other armed events

In conditions " cold War"The USSR Armed Forces were to always be ready to protect their interests anywhere. globe. Airborne units equipped with modern weapons themselves, no analogues in the world for this kind of troops, successfully coped with the tasks. In particular, the fighters of the Soviet Airborns largely ensured the success of the operations of the military organization of the Warsaw Treaty in Hungary in 1956 and Czechoslovakia in 1968.

In the history of the WVTV of the USSR there are less well-known pages. Thus, the forces of this type of troops carried out the operation "Rhodope", which was a demonstration of the military presence in the regions of Bulgaria border with Greece. The fact is that in 1967, a military coup in Greece, and the new authorities who did not hide their anti-communist sentiment, expressed interest in revising the border between Bulgaria and Greece. Thus, the Airborne Forces of the USSR played a significant role in preserving the strategic superiority of the USSR in Central and Southeast Europe.

How is the subject of Soviet airborne courses in electronic resources displayed?

The video about the Airborne Forces of the USSR is tremendous today, widely represented on the Internet. Each wiring history of the USSR Airborne Republic has the ability to view unique frames, on which the main stages of the formation and development of this kind of troops are depicted. A special segment is a newsreel of the participation of airborne units in the war in Afghanistan.

The Photo of the Soviet Union of the USSR also very accurately reflect the spirit of the era of the development of these elite military units. For many of our compatriots who dedicated their lives of "winged infantry", black and white pictures become a real family relic. Everyone is interested military history It can familiarize yourself with high-quality photos and video range of the USSR on a variety of specialized sites.