Department of Endocrinology RMAPO Ametov. Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Vocational Education

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To the anniversary of Professor Alexander Sergeevich Ametova

In September 2006, Alexander Sergeyevich Ametov - a famous endocrinologist, doctor of medical sciences, professor, head of the department of endocrinology, diabetology and endocrine surgery GOU DPO RMAPO Roszdrava of the Federal Agency for Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation, was 65 years old.

After the end of the Kaunas State medical Institute A.S. Ametheov entered the full-time graduate school in the Gidouquer of the USSR Ministry of Health, which successfully completed, defending his dissertation on the topic: "Growth hormone and thyroid hormones with acromegaly."
Link: http://www.rmj.ru/articles_ 4328.htm

In Russia, celebrated the first day of the fight against obesity

The reports were opposed:
Ametov Aleksandr Sergeevich, President of the Ministry of Internal Affairs "International Program" Diabeet ", d. N., Professor, Head of the Department of Endocrinology and Diabecéology of the Russian Federation of RF RMPO;

Romance Tatiana Ivanovna, d. M. N., Professor, Head learning part Department of Endocrinology MGMU. Sechenov.
Link: http://www.endokrinolog.med. Cap.ru/news.aspx?id\u003d788342.

Alexander Ametov: "People must want to be healthy"

We talk about this with the head of the Department of Endocrinology and Diabettology with a course of endocrine surgery of the Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, the doctor of medical sciences, Professor Alexander Ametov.
Link: http://www.aif.ru/health/ article / 39618

"Russians are needed special programs For chronic patients "

Facts: Alexander Sergeevich Ametov - Doctor of Medical Sciences, Head of the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology of the Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education
Link: http://www.km.ru/glavnoe

Sugar diabetes disease or lifestyle?

Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Endocrinology and Diabettology with a course of endocrine surgery of the Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education of the Federal Agency for Health and Social Development Ametov Alexander Sergeevich.
Link: http://www.uniklinika.az/ index-data.php? news \u003d 1996

New quality of life with diabetes mellitus

Sugar diabetes ranks third in the world of mortality in developed countries. Today, there are about 150 million people who suffer from this disease on the entire planet, and, according to the World Health Organization, by 2025, this figure can grow up to 300 million. While sugar diabetes is incurable, but improve the quality of life of patients, make it so that they can live normally and work, modern medical science in the power.

Doctor of Medical Sciences, Head of the Department of Endocrinology and Diabettology of the Russian Medical Academy of Postgrain Education of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Professor Alexander Sergeevich Ametov, tells about the problems of this area of \u200b\u200bmedicine and health care. New methods of control and treatment of sugar diabetes, which are in question in the article will be presented at the international specialized exhibition of goods and services "Life without the power of diabetes", which will be held in April of this year in Moscow in the All-Russian Exhibition Center.
Link: http://www.nkj.ru/archive/ Articles / 7756 /

In search of the perfect means

Despite the successes achieved in the fight against diabetes, experts continue to distort the rate of dissemination of the disease, which increases the year from year to year. This is especially true of Russia. Today, our country's prevalence country ranks first among Europe, ahead of Poland, Ukraine, Turkey and 5 more European countries. According to the head of the Department of Endocrinology and Diabecolology of the GOU DPO RMAPO Roszdrava, Professor Alexander Ametov, in Russia there are more than 9 million patients. In the official register, only 2,823,524 people were registered. This means that each identified is at least 3 not identified cases of illness.
Link: http://www.prozdor.ru/2010-12- 06/1453-V-poiskah-idealnogo- sredstva.html

Events: A Pharmaceutical Company MSD Together with the Endocrinologists Association of St. Petersburg conducted a scientific confirence "Sugar diabetes of the 2nd type - new opportunities of pharmacotherapy"

Head of the Department of Endocrinology and Diabettology with a course of the endocrine surgery of the Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Professor Alexander Sergeevich Ametov stressed that the diabetes mellitus of the 2nd type has a practically one hundred percent genetic basis, and therefore, soon in applied to the disease, it will be possible to talk about such a direction as pharmacology . "Modern campaigns to the treatment of diabetes are directed, first of all, to prevent further exhaustion of the pancreas function, as well as ensure control of the disease. It is especially worth noting a new class of drugs called "Increts".

With their help, we can achieve the restoration of normal functional relations between alpha and beta cells that regulate the carbohydrate exchange, achieve a comprehensive glycemic control. In addition, there are also non -ceccemic effects of drugs of this group. Thus, the reception of these drugs is accompanied by a low risk of the development of hypoccemia - a sharp drop in sugar levels, neutral influence or decrease in body weight, from non-tech effects is a decrease in cholesterol level, as well as a decrease in the myocardial infarction zone, "Alexander Sergeevich said.
Link: http://medportal.ru/ Mednovosti / Corp / 2011/05/30 / Saharnyj_DiaBet_Konferencija /

Diabetes: Reversing to the Subsequent

The sensation of the recent Congress "Citizen and the Drug" is a breakthrough in the recovery and prevention of sweet diabetes. What is the fundamentally newly minted science advises? The doctor of medical sciences, head of the Department of Endocrinology and the Diabettology of the Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Professor Alexander Sergeevich Ametov is explained.
Link: http://www.tourbof.ru/ wc960b4b357eb3.php

Educational seminar for endocrinologists of the Republic

In a welcoming speech to the participants of the educational seminar, the main freelance endocrinologist of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus Tatyana Morugov noted the importance and relevance of the conducted school. During his speech, the head of the Department of Endocrinology and the Diabettology of the Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Alexander Ametov stressed that the purpose of treating diabetes was the normalization of the level of glycemia and reducing the risk of macro and microscopy complications.

The Associate Professor of the Department of Nervous Diseases of the Moscow Medical Academy named after I. M. Sechenov, Candidate of Medical Sciences Igor Siechen, spoke about the possibilities of pathogenetic therapy of diabetic polyneuropathy and encephalopathy. Head of the Endocrinology sector of the Federal Bureau of Medical Social Expertise, Doctor of Medical Sciences Irina Gurieva drew the attention of the seminar participants on modern approaches To the treatment and prevention of diabetic foot syndrome.
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Alexander Sergeevich Ametov (born on September 2, Stalingrad) - Soviet and Russian endocrinologist. Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Endocrinology and Diabettology, GBOU DPO RMAPO (Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education) of the Ministry of Health of Russia.

Specialist in the field of fundamental and applied endocrinology and diabetology. The author of more than 760 printed works, of which 59 are in foreign print. Code Hirsch - 23. Member of the Presidium of the All-Russian Society of Endocrinologists, Chairman of the Committee on Education of the Russian Association of Endocrinologists, Member of the Council of Experts Analytical Center under the Government Russian Federation President of the Ministry of International Program Diabetes, the European Diabetes Association (EASD), the World Diabetes Federation (IDF), the American Diabetic Association 9Ada, the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. Chairman of the Dissertation Council D.208.071.05. According to the specialties 14.01.02 - Endocrinology, 01/14/13 - radiation diagnosis, radiation therapy, 14.01.27 - Surgery.

Editor-in-Chief of International Journals "Endocrinology: News, Opinions, Training", "Diabetes. Lifestyle »and" Diabeatography ", a member of the editorial board and the Reducets of Osteoporosis and Osteopathy magazines," Consilium Medicum "," Sugar Diabetes "," Russian Medical Journal "," Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome ". President NP "Sugar Diabetes and Obesity".

Biography

Alexander Sergeevich was born in Stalingrad in the family of military personnel at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. Father, Sergey Aleksandrovich Ametov, in 1943 he died at the front. Mom, Sophia Osipovna, Colonel of the Medical Service, along with her son all the war served with various hospitals. He graduated from high school in Kaunas in 1959 and entered the Medical Faculty. After graduating from the Institute in 1965, he was called up for military service - first by the ordinary shooter, then Guard Junior Sergeant. After the service, Alexander Ametov was awarded the title of younger lieutenant.

Awards

Bibliography

More than 760 publications in Russian and foreign seals, including:

Ametheov A. S. Selected lectures on endocrinology. - Moscow. - Medical Information Agency LLC, 2012. - 544 C. - 1000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-8948-1739-2.
Ametheov A.S. type diabetes mellitus: problems and solutions. - Moscow. - Gootar Media, 2012. - 704 p. With IL. - 1500 copies. - ISBN 978-5-9704-1989-2.
Ametheov A.S. type 2 diabetes mellitus. Problems and solutions. 2nd edition, recycled and supplemented. - Moscow. - Gootar Media, 2013. - 1032 p. With IL. - 1500 copies. - ISBN 978-5-9704-2463-6.
Ametheov A.S. type 2 diabetes mellitus. Problems and solutions: studies. pos. - 2nd publication, recycled and supplemented. - Moscow. - Gootar Media, 2014. - 1032 p. With IL. - 1500 copies. - ISBN 978-5-9704-2829-0.

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"I have nothing to understand," Natasha shouted with a hard voice, he was evil and without feelings. After all, I love your Denisov, he Kutil, and everything, and I still love him, I'd understand I understand. I do not know how to tell you; He has been appointed everything, and I do not like it. Denisova ...
- Well, Denisov is another thing, - answered Nikolay, giving feeling that in comparison with Doolov even Denisov was nothing, - it is necessary to understand what soul from this share, you have to see him with your mother, it's such a heart!
"I don't know that, but I'm embarrassing with him." And do you know that he fell in love with Sonya?
- What nonsense ...
- I'm sure you see. - Natasha's prediction came true. Shelokhov, who did not like the Ladies Society, began to be in the house, and the question of who he drives, soon (although no one spoke about it) was resolved so that he drives to Sony. And Sonya, although I would never have time to say this, I knew it and every time Kumach, I blinked when Dolokhova appears.
She often dined with growth, never missed the play, where they were, and visited adolescentes [adolescents] in the Hogel, where Rostov had always been. He provided preferential attention to Sona and looked at her with such eyes that not only she could not withstand this glance without paint, but also the old Countess and Natasha Krasnel, noticing this look.
It was seen that this strong, strange man was under the irresistible influence of this black, graceful, loving the other girl.
Rostov noticed something new between Dolokhov and Sonya; But he did not define herself what new relationships were. "They are all in love with someone there," he thought about Sonya and Natasha. But he was not the case, as before, deftly with Sonya and Dolokhov, and he less often began to be at home.
From the autumn of 1806, again, everything spoke about the war with Napoleon, with a big heat than last year. It was appointed not only a set of recruit, but also 90 more warrids with thousands. Anathema Bonaparte was cursing everywhere, and in Moscow only and sense that about the upcoming war. For a family, the growth of the whole interest of these preparations to war was only that Nichushka did not agree to remain in Moscow and waited only the end of Denisov's leave in order to go to the regiment to the regiment after the holidays. The upcoming departure not only did not interfere with him to have fun, but also encouraged him to this. He spent most of the time outside the house, on dinners, evenings and balas.

Xi
On the third day of Christmas, Nikolai dined at home that lately Rarely happened to him. It was a formal farewell dinner, as he and Denisov went to the regiment after baptism. Lined twenty people, including share and Denisov.
Never in the house of growth love air, the atmosphere of love did not give themselves to feel with such a force, as these days of the holidays. "Catch a minute of happiness, forcing yourself to love, fall in love yourself! Only this one is present in the world - the rest is all nonsense. And this one we are here only are busy, "this atmosphere said. Nikolay, as always,, having underwent two pairs of horses, and then did not have time to visit all the places, where he had to be and where he was called, came home in front of the dinner. As soon as he entered, he noticed and felt the tension of the love atmosphere in the house, but also he noticed a strange confusion, which reigns between some of the members of society. Sonya, share, old countess and a little Natasha were especially excited. Nikolay realized that something should have happened before dinner between Sonya and Doolohov and with his peculiarity of him, he was very gentle and careful, during dinner, in circulation with both. On the same evening, the third day of the holidays had to be one of those balls at Hogel (Dancer Teacher), which he gave on holidays for all his students and student.
- Nikoleka, will you go to Helo? Please go, - Natasha told him, - He especially asked you, and Vasily Dmitrich (it was Denisov) rides.
"Where I will not go to the orders of" Athini! "Said Denisov, who joking himself in the house of growth on the foot of the Knight Natasha, - Pas de Chale [dance with the shawl] is ready to dance.
- If I have time! I promised Arkharov, they had an evening, "Nikolai said.
- And you? ... - He turned to Dolohov. And just asked this, noticed that this was not necessary to ask.
"Yes, maybe ..." Shahov answered cold and angry, looking at Sonya and, frowned, like this look, how he looked at Pierre on a club dinner, looked at Nicholas again.
"There is something," said Nikolai and even more established himself in this assumption that she was immediately immediately left after lunch. He called Natasha and asked what?
"And I was looking for you," Natasha said, squeezing to him. "I said, you didn't want to believe," she said triumphantly, "he made a proposal to Son.
No matter how little Nikolai Sonya was doing during this time, but something as if he broke away in it when he heard it. Shelokhov was a decent and in some respects a brilliant party for the unprecedented Sony orphan. From the point of view of the old Countess and Light it was impossible to refuse him. And therefore, the first feeling of Nicholas, when he heard it, was angry against Sony. He prepared to say: "And it is perfect, of course, you must forget children's promises and accept the offer"; But he did not have time to say this ...
- You can imagine! She refused, completely refused! - spoke Natasha. "She said she loves the other," she added, having packed a little.
"Yes, otherwise I could not do my Sonya!" I thought Nikolai.
- How many mother asked her, she refused, and I know, she will not change if he said ...
- And my mother asked her! - with reprocess said Nikolai.
"Yes," Natasha said. - You know, Nikoleka, do not be angry; But I know that you do not marry her. I know God knows why I know right, you do not marry.
- Well, you don't know that, - said Nikolai; "But I need to talk to her." What kind of beauty, this Sonya! - he added smiling.
- This is such a charm! I will send you her. - And Natasha, kissed his brother, ran away.
A minute later, Sonya entered, frightened, confused and guilty. Nikolai approached her and kissed her hand. It was the first time that they were talked to the eye on this arrival and about their love.
"Sophie," he said first timidly, and then all the bolder and bolder, "if you want to refuse not only from brilliant, from a profitable party; But he is a wonderful, noble man ... He is my friend ...
Sonya interrupted it.
"I already refused," she said hastily.
- If you refuse for me, I'm afraid of me ...
Sonya again interrupted it. She pleading, looked at him into his frightened look.
"Nicolas, do not tell me that," she said.
- No, I have to. Maybe this is a sufficious [arrogance] on my part, but it's better to say. If you refuse for me, then I have to tell you the whole truth. I love you, I think most of all ...
"I am pretty," Sonya said, spoiled.
- No, but I fell in love with a thousand times and I will fall in love, although such a feeling of friendship, trust, love, I have no one, how to you. Then I'm young. Maman does not want it. Well, just, I do not promise anything. And I ask you to think about the proposal of Dolokhov, "he said, with difficulty, having disaggregated his friend's name.
- Do not tell me this. I do not want anything. I love you like a brother, and I will always love, and nothing more I need.
"You're an angel, I don't stand you, but I'm just afraid to deceive you." - Nikolai once again kissed her hand.

Hoygel had the most fun balls in Moscow. It was told Mother, looking at their adolescentes, [girls,] allocating their newly learned PA; It was also said to themselves adolescentes and adolescents, [girls and boys,] danced to fall; These adult girls and young people who came to these balls with thoughts to cut down to them and finding them the best fun. In the same year, two marriages were made on these bala. Two pretty princesses of Gorchakov have found the grooms and married, and the even more let these balls were launched. The special on these bala was that there was no owner and the hostess: it was like the fluff flying, according to the rules of art, shaking, good-natured heogel who took tickets for the lessons from all of its guests; It was that only those who wanted to dance and have fun who wanted to dance and have fun on these balls, as they want to have 13 tons and 14 years old girls, for the first time you have long dresses. Everything, with rare exceptions, were or seemed pretty: so enthusiastically, they were all smiling and their eyes flared up. Sometimes even Pas de Chale was danced, of which the best was Natasha, distinguished by its gracefulness; But on this, the last ball was dancing only eclosees, angles and the Mazurka just included. The hall was taken by the hegel in the house of Zuhova, and the ball very much, as everyone said. There were a lot of pretty girls, and the Rostov of the ladies were from the best. They both were especially happy and cheerful. This evening Sonya, proud of the proposal of Dologov, his refusal and explanation with Nikolai, was still at home, not giving a girl to her braids, and now they glowed a gusty joy.

) Ministry of Health of Russia.

Ametov Alexander Sergeevich

Date of Birth	September 2(1941-09-02 ) (77 years)
Place of Birth	Stalingrad
Country	the USSR the USSR → Russia Russia
Scientific sphere	Medicine, Endocrinology
Place of work	GBOU DPO RMAPO MH RF
Alma Mother	(1959-1965)
Academic degree	doctor Science (1980)
Scientist	professor (1983)
Awards and Prize
Media Files on Wikisklad

Specialist in the field of fundamental and applied endocrinology and diabetology. The author of more than 760 printed works, of which 59 are in foreign print. Index Hirsch - 23. Member of the Presidium of the All-Russian Society of Endocrinologists, Chairman of the Committee for the Education of the Russian Association of Endocrinologists, Member of the Council of Experts of the Analytical Center under the Government of the Russian Federation, President of the Ministry of International Program Diabetes, the European Association for Studying Diabetes (EASD), World Diabetes Federation (IDF ), American Diabetic Association 9ADA, American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. Chairman of the Dissertation Council D.208.071.05. According to the specialties 14.01.02 - Endocrinology, 01/14/13 - radiation diagnosis, radiation therapy, 14.01.27 - Surgery.

Biography

Awards

Bibliography

More than 760 publications in Russian and foreign seals, including:

Ametheov A. S. Selected lectures on endocrinology. - Moscow. - Medical Information Agency LLC, 2012. - 544 C. - 1000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-8948-1739-2.
Ametheov A.S. type diabetes mellitus: problems and solutions. - Moscow. - Gootar Media, 2012. - 704 p. With IL. - 1500 copies. - ISBN 978-5-9704-1989-2.
Ametheov A.S. type 2 diabetes mellitus. Problems and solutions. 2nd edition, recycled and supplemented. - Moscow. - Gootar Media, 2013. - 1032 p. With IL. - 1500 copies. - ISBN 978-5-9704-2463-6.
Ametheov A.S. type 2 diabetes mellitus. Problems and solutions: studies. pos. - 2nd publication, recycled and supplemented. - Moscow. - Gootar Media, 2014. - 1032 p. With IL. - 1500 copies. -

Education

In 1965 he graduated from the Kaunas State Medical Institute.

In 1970, he entered the graduate school at the Department of Endocrinology of the Central Institute of Improvement of Doctors, which successfully finished, defending in 1972 candidate dissertation on the topic: "Growth hormone and thyroid hormones with acromegaly".

In 1980, he defended his doctoral dissertation - "The clinical significance of radioisotope methods of research in the diagnosis of diseases of the hypothalamus system - pituitary-bark.

Major achievements

Development of a comprehensive program and algorithms for diagnosing diseases of the hypothalamus-pituitary-bark of adrenal glands.

Development, creation and implementation of 23 diagnostic sets for medical microanalysis of protein, steroid and thyroid hormones.

The rationale and development of the Regulation on a new specialty is diabetology.

Endocrinologists have brought up: under the leadership of A. S. Ametov, 129 dissertation works were protected - 118 candidate and 11 doctoral dissertations

Main works:

Selected lectures on endocrinology. - Moscow. - LLC Medical Information Agency, 2012.

Sugar diabetes mellitus type: problems and solutions. - Moscow. - Gootar Media, 2012.

Sugar diabetes type 2. Problems and solutions. 2nd edition, recycled and supplemented. - Moscow. - Gootar Media, 2013

Sugar diabetes type 2. Problems and solutions: studies. pos. - 2nd publication, recycled and supplemented. - Moscow. - Gootar Media, 2014.

Participation in public organizations

Member of the Presidium of the All-Russian Society of Endocrinologists,

Chairman of the Committee on the Education of the Russian Association of Endocrinologists,

Member of the Council of Experts Analytical Center under the Government of the Russian Federation, President of the MOO "International Program Diabeet", the European Association for Studying Diabetes (EASD),

The World Federation of Diabetes (IDF), the American Diabetic Association 9ADA, the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists.

Chairman of the Dissertation Council.

Editor-in-Chief of International Journals "Endocrinology: News, Opinions, Training", "Diabetes. Lifestyle "and" diabetography ",

member of the editorial panels and regular joints of osteoporosis and osteopathy magazines, "Consilium Medicum", "Sugar Diabetes", "Russian medical Journal"," Obesity and metabolic syndrome ". President NP "Sugar Diabetes and Obesity".

Basic awards

State Prize of the Belarusian SSR (1988) for the creation of 23 sets for medical microanalyz hormones

Medal "In memory of the 850th anniversary of Moscow"

Honorary title "Honored Worker of Science of the Russian Federation".

Alexander Sergeevich Ametov

Diabetes. Patient directory

Diabetes. Patient directory
Alexander Sergeevich Ametov

Maria Alexandrovna Prudnikova

The newest medical directory
The book that you hold in your hands contains answers to the most common questions about type 2 diabetes mellitus, the causes of its occurrence, modern opportunities Diagnosis and treatment of the disease. In addition, in this manual you will find: symptoms and signs of diabetes; Recommended lifestyle rules; Basic principles of rational nutrition in diabetes; List of necessary and regular surveys. The authors sincerely hope that the knowledge that is contained in this book will help people with this disease to live a full-fledged life. Good health!

Alexander Ametov, Maria Prudnikova

Diabetes. Patient directory

Driven in the book medical terms, including the names of drugs, the schemes of their use and dosage, are solely reference in nature, and cannot be used for independent formulation of the diagnosis and appointment of therapy. The publisher is not responsible for the possible harm for the health of the reader or any other patient in the event of independent treatment on the basis of materials of this book, and warns of the need to diagnose and treat diseases in specialized medical institutions under the control of the attending physician.

Ametov Alexander Sergeevich - Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of Endocrinology Department, Federal State Budgetary educational institution Additional vocational education "Russian medical Academy Continuous vocational education »Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow.

Prudnikova Marina Aleksandrovna - Junior researcher, Endocrinologist, Department of Endocrinology, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Additional Vocational Education "Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Vocational Education" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow.

Preface

The diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus for many patients sounds like a sentence. The mass of questions arises in a natural way: why did it happen to me? How to live on? So what's now? And at that moment it seems that no one in the world is capable of answering them.

The doctor has a clinic not always enough time to clarify all the patients you are interested in. Diabetes schools are mainly functioning in the form of group training. Information received from familiar and neighbors is far from always reliable.

What to say about the stream of the most varied information from the Internet, which collapses on a naive patient. What only charlatans and their alternative methods are not found at its expanses.

In this regard, the authors decided to make a small pocket handbookcontaining answers to the most relevant issues, exciting patients with type 2 diabetes. If we forgot to mention something, send your question to the email address [Email Protected]And we will answer it to him, and perhaps you can even include your question and answer to it in the next edition of our book!

Why the organism "sugar"?

"Sugar", or rather blood glucose, is used by cells of our organism as the main source of energy. Penetrating the inside of the cell, glucose is split off with the release of energy, which goes to ensure the processes of human vital activity.

There are two sources of "blood sugar": the first is carbohydrates, the second is the collapse of the liver glycogen.

Glycogen - polysaccharide, which is the main form of glucose storage in the human body.

Carbohydrates coming with food ensure the maintenance of the necessary concentrations of blood glucose after meals, and glycogen liver - between meals, including at night during sleep.

Why the body of insulin?

In order for glucose to penetrate the cell, the involvement of a protein hormone is insulin. Insulin, binding to his receptor on the cell membrane, helps glucose from the bloodstream into intracellular space.

Accordingly, in the event of a violation of the normal operation of insulin (absolute or relative deficit of this hormone), glucose ceases to enter the cells and accumulates in the blood. The consequence of this is the emergence of hyperglycemia and the development of diabetes.

Glycemia is an indicator of blood glucose content.

What is "sugar diabetes"?

Sugar diabetes (SD) - a chronic disease, the main sign of which is to increase blood glucose due to the absolute lack of insulin or violation of it normal function (relative disadvantage of insulin).

The cause of the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus is the autoimmune damage and the death of pancreatic beta cells producing insulin. Thus, the basis of this disease is the absolute deficit of insulin.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by violation of secretion and insulin action, resulting in chronic hyperglycemia.

The pathological process that plays a key role in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus is called "insulin resistance" - the immunity of tissues to the action of its own insulin.

What level of sugar corresponds to diagnosis of diabetes?

Interestingly, glycemia indicators in which diabetes are diabetes is vary depending on the study method and the material used (solid capillary or venous blood, or venous plasma) - see table 1.

Table 1. Diagnostic criteria for diabetes and other violations of carbohydrate metabolism (WHO, 1999).

In general, in ordinary clinical practice, the analysis of solid capillary blood is most often used (blood-to-sugar is taken from the finger). In this case, diabetes will correspond to the glycemia indicator of 6.1 mmol / l and above, glycemia 2 hours after eating 11.1 mmol / l and above.

Are there any "age" norms for blood glucose indicators?

No, the indicators must be within normal values, regardless of age.

What is a "glucose-bearing test" or "glucose load"?

When the intermediate values \u200b\u200bof the glycemia of an empty stomach from 5.6 to 6.1 mmol / l in capillary blood and from 6.1 to 7.0 mmol / l in venous plasma, as well as suspected diabetes or other impaired carbohydrate exchange, conduct Special test with glucose load.

For 3 days before testing the test, the patient should adhere to the usual power mode (the diet must contain at least 150 g of carbohydrates per day) and physical activity.

Immediately before conducting the test, refrain from meals for 8-14 hours. At the same time you can drink water. The last evening meal must necessarily contain 30-50 g of carbohydrates. Through three days before the PGTT (oral glucose-bearing test) cancel thiazide diuretics, oral contraceptives and glucocorticosteroids.

On the day of the survey, blood is made on an empty stomach. The patient then takes inside 75 g of glucose dissolved in 250-300 ml of water.

Within 2 hours after the use of glucose, physical exertion, smoking, food use is eliminated. 2 hours after receiving the glucose solution inside, the blood is re-elected to determine the level of glycemia after the load.

What is "prediabet"?

As can be seen from Table 1, between absolute norm and diabetes mellitus there is a small range of intermediate values \u200b\u200bof blood glucose levels. These values \u200b\u200bcorrespond to the diagnosis of "prediabet". Prediabet is the general name of early violations of carbohydrate exchange, to which the violation of the glycemia of an empty stomach (NGN), a violation of glucose tolerance (NTG), as well as their combination.

Diagnostic criteria for violation of glycemia on an empty stomach (NGN):

Automobile glycemia from 5.6 to 6.1 mmol / l in capillary blood and from 6.1 to 7.0 mmol / l in venous plasma;

Glycemia 2 hours after the load of glucose (if determined)<7,8 ммоль/л как в капиллярной крови, так и в венозной плазме.

Diagnostic criteria of violation of glucose tolerance (NTG):

Automobile glycemia (if determined) to 6.1 mmol / l in capillary blood and up to 7.0 mmol / l in venous plasma;

Glycemia 2 hours after load? 7.8 I.<11,1 ммоль/л как в капиллярной крови, так и в венозной плазме.

What factors affect the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Department of Endocrinology RMAPO Ametov. Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Vocational Education

Biography

Awards

Bibliography

Write a review about Article "Ametheov, Alexander Sergeevich"

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Excerpt characterizing Ametov, Alexander Sergeevich

Biography

Awards

Bibliography