Unit of measurement. Electrical values \u200b\u200band units of their measurement

State security system
Unity of measurements

Units of physical quantities

GOST 8.417-81

(ST SEV 1052-78)

State Committee of the USSR on Standards

Moscow

Designed State Committee of the USSR on standards Performers Yu.V. Tarbeyev , Dr. tech. sciences; K.P. Shirokov, Dr. tech. sciences; PN Selivanov, Cand. tehn sciences; ON THE. Yeruhin Made State Committee of the USSR on Standards Member of the State Standard L.K. Isaev Approved and enacted Resolution of the State Committee of the USSR on the standards of March 19, 1981 No. 1449

State Standard of the SSR Union

State system for ensuring uniformity of measurements

Units Physical Values

State System for Ensuring The Uniformity of Measurements.

UNITS OF PHYSICAL QUANTITS

GOST

8.417-81

(ST SEV 1052-78)

Decree of the State Committee of the USSR on the standards of March 19, 1981 No. 1449, the deadline is established

Since 01.01 1982

This standard establishes units of physical quantities (hereinafter - units) used in the USSR, their names, designations and rules for the application of these units The standard does not apply to units used in scientific research and when publishing their results, if they do not consider and do not use the results Measurements of specific physical quantities, as well as on units of quantities estimated by conditional scales *. * Under the conditional scales are understood, for example, Rockwell and Vickers hardness scales, photosensitivity of photographic materials. Standard corresponds to ST SEV 1052-78 in part general provisions, units of the international system, units that are not part of the SI, the rules for the formation of decimal multiple and dollane units, as well as their names and designations, the rules for writing the designations of units, rules for the formation of coherent derivatives of units (see Reference Appendix 4).

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1. It is subject to mandatory use of the units of the international system of units *, as well as decimal multiple and dollars from them (see Section 2 of this standard). * International Unit system (International Abbreviated Name - Si, in Russian Transcription - SI), was adopted in 1960 by the XI General Conference on Measures and Weighs (GKMV) and clarified on subsequent GKMV. 1.2. It is allowed to apply on a par with units according to claim 1.1 units that are not included in C, in accordance with PP. 3.1 and 3.2, their combinations with SI units, as well as some of those who are widely used in practice decimal multiples and dollars from the above units. 1.3. It is temporarily allowed to apply on a par with units of claim 1.1 units that are not included in C, in accordance with paragraph 3.3, as well as some of those who have spread to the practice of multiples and dollars from them, combinations of these units with si, decimal, multiple and dollane from They are with units of claim 3.1. 1.4. In the newly developed or revised documentation, as well as publications, the values \u200b\u200bshould be expressed in units of SI, decimal, multiple and dollars from them and (or) in units allowed to use in accordance with paragraph 1.2. It is also allowed in the specified documentation to apply units according to claim 3.3, the period of seizure of which will be established in accordance with international agreements. 1.5. In the newly approved regulatory and technical documentation for measuring instruments, their graduation should be provided in units of C, decimal multiple and dollars from them or in units allowed to use in accordance with clause 1.2. 1.6. The newly developed regulatory and technical documentation on methods and means of calibration should include verification of measuring instruments, progressive in newly administered units. 1.7. SI units established by this standard, and units allowed to use PP. 3.1 and 3.2, should be applied in the educational processes of all educational institutions, in textbooks and tutorials. 1.8. Revision of the regulatory, technical, design, technological and other technical documentation, which uses units that are not provided for in this standard, as well as bringing into compliance with PP. 1.1 and 1.2 of this standard of measuring instruments, graded in units to be seized, are carried out in accordance with paragraph 3.4 of this standard. 1.9. With legal relations on cooperation with foreign countries, with the participation in the activities of international organizations, as well as in the exporting products supplied with export products (including transport and consumer containers) of technical and other documentation, international designations of units are used. In the documentation for export products, if this documentation does not go abroad, the Russian designations of units are allowed to apply. (New edition, change No. 1). 1.10. In the regulatory and technical design, technological and other technical documentation on various types of products and products used only in the USSR, preferably Russian designations of units are used. At the same time, regardless of which the designations of units are used in the documentation for measuring instruments, when specifying units of physical quantities on signs, scales and panels of these measuring instruments, international designations of units are used. (New edition, change No. 2). 1.11. In print editions, it is allowed to apply either international or Russian units. At the same time, the use of both types of designations in the same edition is not allowed, with the exception of publications on units of physical quantities.

2. Units of the International System

2.1. The main units of C are given in Table. one.

Table 1

Value
Name	Dimension	Name	Designation	Definition
Name	Dimension	Name	international	Definition
Length				The meter is the length of the path passing by light in vacuo for the time interval 1/299792458 S [XVII GKMV (1983), resolution 1].
Weight		kilogram		Kilogram is a mass unit equal to the mass of the international prototype kilogram [I GKMV (1889) and III GKMV (1901 g)]
Time				Second is a time equal to 9192631770 Radiation periods corresponding to the transition between two ultra-thin levels of the main state of the Cesium atom-133 [XIII GKMV (1967), resolution 1]
Electric current power				The amp is the power equal to the power of an unchanged current, which, when passing along two parallel straight-line conductors of the infinite length and a negligible area of \u200b\u200bthe circular cross section, located in a vacuum at a distance of 1 m one from the other, would cause a length of 1 m in each portion of the interaction, equal 2 × 10 -7 N [MKMV (1946), resolution 2, approved by IX GKMV (1948)]
Thermodynamic temperature				Kelvin is a unit of thermodynamic temperature equal to 1/273,16 parts of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water [x III GKMV (1967), resolution 4]
Number of substances				Mol is the amount of a substance of the system containing as many structural elements as containing atoms in carbon-12 weighing 0.012 kg. With the use of mole structural elements Must be specified and may be atoms, molecules, ions, electrons and other particles or specified particle groups [XIV GKMV (1971), resolution 3]
The power of light				Candela is an power equal to the power of light in a given direction of the source emitting monochromatic radiation with a frequency of 540 × 10 12 Hz, the energy force of which in this direction is 1/683 W / SR [XVI GKMV (1979), resolution 3]
Notes: 1. In addition to the temperature of Kelvin (designation T.) It is also allowed to use the Celsius temperature (designation T.) determined by the expression T. = T. - T. 0, where T. 0 \u003d 273.15 K, by definition. The Kelvin temperature is expressed in Kelvin, Celsius temperature - in degrees Celsius (the designation of international and Russian ° C). In size, degrees Celsius is equal to Kelvin. 2. The interval or difference of Kelvin temperatures are expressed in Kelvin. The interval or temperature difference Celsius is allowed to express both in Kelvin and in degrees Celsius. 3. The designation of the international practical temperature in the international practical temperature scale of 1968, if it is necessary to distinguish between the thermodynamic temperature, is formed by adding to the designation of the thermodynamic, the temperature of the index "68" (for example, T. 68 or T. 68). 4. The unity of light measurements is ensured in accordance with GOST 8.023-83.

(Modified edition, change No. 2, 3). 2.2. Additional units of C are given in Table. 2.

table 2

Name of magnitude
	Name	Designation	Definition
	Name	international	Definition
Flat corner			Radine has an angle between two circle radius, the length of the arc between which is equal to the radius
Solid angle	steradian		Steeradian is a bodied corner with a vertex in the center of the sphere, cutting on the surface of the sphere area equal to the square of the square with a side of the radius of the sphere

(Modified edition, change No. 3). 2.3. The derivatives of the SI units should be formed from the basic and additional units of the SI according to the rules for the formation of coherent derivatives (see required application 1). Derivatives of SI units having special names can also be used to form other derivatives of SI units. Derivative units that have special names, and examples of other derivatives of units are shown in Table. 3 - 5. Note. Electric and magnetic units of C should be formed in accordance with the rationalized form of the electromagnetic field equations.

Table 3.

Examples of derivatives of SI units whose names are formed from the names of the main and additional units

Value
Name	Dimension	Name	Designation
Name	Dimension	Name	international
Area		square meter
Volume, capacity		cubic meter
Speed		meter per second
Angular velocity		radian per second
Acceleration		meter for a second squared
Angular acceleration		radian for a second squared
Wave number		meter in minus of the first degree
Density		kilogram on cubic meter
Specific volume		cubic meter per kilogram
		ampere per square meter
		ampere per meter
Molar concentration		mole on a cubic meter
Flow of ionizing particles		second degree
Flow density particle		second in minus first degree - meter in minus second degree
Brightness		candela per square meter

Table 4.

Derivatives of SI units having special names

Value
Name	Dimension	Name	Designation	Expression through basic and additional, units
Name	Dimension	Name	international	Expression through basic and additional, units
Frequency
Strength, weight
Pressure, mechanical voltage, elastic module
Energy, work, amount of heat				m 2 × kg × s -2
Power, energy flow				m 2 × kg × s -3
Electric charge (number of electricity)
Electrical Voltage, Electric Potential, Electric Potential Difference, Electrical Force				m 2 × kg × s -3 × a -1
Electrical capacity	L -2 M -1 T 4 I 2			m -2 × kg -1 × s 4 × a 2
				m 2 × kg × s -3 × a -2
Electrical conductivity	L -2 M -1 T 3 I 2			m -2 × kg -1 × s 3 × a 2
Flow magnetic induction, Magnetic flow				m 2 × kg × s -2 × a -1
Magnetic Flow Density, Magnetic Induction				kG × S -2 × A -1
Inductance, mutual inductance				m 2 × kg × s -2 × a -2
Light flow
Light				m -2 × CD × SR
Nuclide activity in a radioactive source (radionuclide activity)		beckel
Absorbed dose of radiation, Kerma, indicator of the absorbed dose (absorbed dose of ionizing radiation)
Equivalent dose of radiation

(Modified edition, change No. 3).

Table 5.

Examples of derivatives of SI units whose names are formed using special items shown in Table. four

Value
Name	Dimension	Name	Designation		Expression through the main and additional units
Name	Dimension	Name	international		Expression through the main and additional units
Moment of power		newton-meter			m 2 × kg × s -2
Surface tension		Newton on meter
Dynamic viscosity		pascal Soon			m -1 × kg × s -1
		cubic meter pendant
Electrical displacement		square meter pendant
		volt on meter			m × kg × s -3 × a -1
Absolute dielectric constant	L -3 M -1 × T 4 I 2	farad on meter			m -3 × kg -1 × s 4 × a 2
Absolute magnetic permeability		henry per meter			m × kg × s -2 × a -2
Specific energy		joule per kilogram
System heat capacity, system entropy		joule on Kelvin			m 2 × kg × s -2 × k -1
Specific heat, specific entropy		joule on kilogram Celvin		J / (kg × k)	m 2 × s -2 × k -1
Surface power flow density		watt per square meter
Thermal conductivity		watt on meter-koblenn			m × kg × s -3 × k -1
		joule on Mol			m 2 × kg × s -2 × mol -1
Molar entropy, molar heat capacity	L 2 MT -2 Q -1 N -1	joule on Mol Celvin		J / (mol × k)	m 2 × kg × s -2 × k -1 × mol -1
		watt on Steradian			m 2 × kg × s -3 × sr -1
Exposure dose (X-ray and gamma radiation)		pendant per kilogram
Power absorbed dose		gray per second

3. Units that are not included in C

3.1. Units listed in Table. 6, allowed to be applied without limitation on a par with units of C. 3.2. Without limit time, the relative and logarithmic units are allowed to use relative and logarithmic units with the exception of the unit (see paragraph 3.3). 3.3. Units shown in Table. 7, temporarily allowed to apply before adoption of relevant international solutions. 3.4. The units whose relations with SI units are given in the reference application 2 are removed from circulation within the time limits provided by the programs for transition activities to the SI units developed in accordance with RD 50-160-79. 3.5. Informed cases in industries national economy The use of units not provided for by this Standard, by introducing them to industry standards in coordination with Gosstandart.

Table 6.

Introduction units allowed to use on a par with units

Name of magnitude				Note
	Name	Designation	SO ratio
	Name	international	SO ratio
Weight
Weight	atomic unit of mass		1,66057 × 10 -27 × kg (approximately)
Time 1.

			86400 S.
Flat corner			(P / 180) RAD \u003d 1,745329 ... × 10 -2 × RAD
			(P / 10800) RAD \u003d 2,908882 ... × 10 -4 RAD
			(P / 648000) RAD \u003d 4,848137 ... 10 -6 RAD

Volume, capacity
Length	astronomical unit		1,49598 × 10 11 m (approximately)
	light year		9,4605 × 10 15 m (approximately)
			3,0857 × 10 16 m (approximately)
Optical power	diopter
Area
Energy	electron-volt		1,60219 × 10 -19 j (approximately)
Full power	volt-ampere
Reactive power
Mechanical stress	newton per square millimeter
1 It is also allowed to apply other units that have gained widespread, for example a week, month, year, century, millennium, and the like. 2 It is allowed to apply the name "Gon" 3 is not recommended for accurate measurements. With the ability to displace the designation L with the number 1, the designation L is allowed. Note. Time units (minute, hour, day), flat angle (degree, minute, second), astronomical unit, light year, diopter and atomic mass unit is not allowed to apply with consoles

(Modified edition, change No. 3).

Table 7.

Units temporarily allowed to use

Name of magnitude				Note
	Name	Designation	SO ratio
	Name	international	SO ratio
Length	nautical mile		1852 m (exactly)	In marine navigation
Acceleration				In gravimetry
Weight			2 × 10 -4 kg (exactly)	For precious stones and pearls
Linear density			10 -6 kg / m (exactly)	In the textile industry
Speed				In marine navigation
Rotation frequency	turnover per second
Rotation frequency	turnover per minute		1/60 S -1 \u003d 0,016 (6) S -1
Pressure
Natural logarithm of the dimensionless ratio of physical quantity for the same physical size adopted for the original				1 NP \u003d 0.8686 ... B \u003d \u003d 8,686 ... DB

(Modified edition, change No. 3).

4. Rules for the formation of decimal multiple and dolly units, as well as their names and designations

4.1. Decimal multiple and dollane units, as well as their names and designations, should be formed using multipliers and consoles shown in Table. eight.

Table 8.

Farmers and consoles for the formation of decimal multiple and dolle units and their names

Factor	Console	Designation of the console	Factor	Console	Designation of the console
Factor	Console	international	Factor	Console	international

4.2. Joining the name of two or more consoles in a row is not allowed. For example, instead of the name of the microcrofrad unit, picoparad should be written. Notes: 1 Due to the fact that the name of the main unit - a kilogram comprises the "kilo" console, for the formation of multiple and dolly units of mass, a dolly unit of gram is used (0.001 kg, kg), and the consoles must be attached to the word "gram", for example, Milligram (MG, mg) instead of microcilograms (M KG, ICCG). 2. The dolly unit of mass - "gram" is allowed to be applied and without attaching the console. 4.3. The prefix or its designation should be written in a unit with the name of the unit to which it joins, or, accordingly, with its designation. 4.4. If the unit is formed as a product or relationship of units, the prefix should be attached to the name of the first unit included in the work or in relation. It is allowed to use the console in the second multiplier of the work or in the denominator only at substantive cases when such units are widespread and the transition to units formed in accordance with the first part of the item is associated with great difficulties, for example: a ton-kilometer (T × km; t × km), watt per square centimeter (W / CM 2; W / cm 2), volts per centimeter (V / CM; V / cm), ampere per square millimeter (A / MM 2; A / mm 2). 4.5. The names of multiple and dollane units from the unit erected into a degree should be formed by attaching the console to the name of the source unit, for example, to form the names of a multiple or a dollar unit from a unit of a square meter, which is a second degree of a number of length - meters, the prefix should be attached To the name of this last unit: a square kilometer, a square centimeter, etc. 4.6. The designations of multiple and dolly units from the unit erected into a degree should be formed by adding the corresponding indicator to the designation of multiple or dollar from this unit, and the indicator means the construction of a multiple or dollar unit (along with the prefix). Examples: 1. 5 km 2 \u003d 5 (10 3 m) 2 \u003d 5 × 10 6 m 2. 2. 250 cm 3 / s \u003d 250 (10 -2 m) 3 / (1 S) \u003d 250 × 10 -6 m 3 / s. 3. 0.002 cm -1 \u003d 0.002 (10 -2 m) -1 \u003d 0.002 × 100 m -1 \u003d 0.2 m -1. 4.7. Recommendations for the selection of decimal multiple and dolly units are shown in the reference application 3.

5. Rules for writing designations of units

5.1. To write values \u200b\u200bof values, apply the designations of units with letters or special signs (... °, ... ¢, ... ¢ ¢), and two types of letter notation are installed: international (using Latin or Greek alphabet letters) and Russians (using the letters of the Russian alphabet) . The units set as standard are given in Table. 1 - 7. International and Russian designations of relative and logarithmic units are as follows: percentage (%), PROMILL (O / O), a million share (RR M, MUD -1), Bel (B), Decibel (DB, DB), Oktawa (- , Oct), Decade (-, Dec), background (phon, background). 5.2. The alphabetic designations of units must be printed by direct font. In the notation of units, the point as a sign of reduction does not put. 5.3. The designations of units should be applied after numeric: values \u200b\u200bof values \u200b\u200band placed in a string with them (without transfer to the next string). There should be a space between the last digit number and the designation of the unit, equal to the minimum distance between the words, which is defined for each type and size of the font according to GOST 2.304-81. Exceptions are notation in the form of a sign raised above the string (clause 5.1), before which do not leave the space. (Modified edition, change No. 3). 5.4. In the presence of decimal fractions In the numerical value, the designation of the unit should be placed after all numbers. 5.5. When specifying values \u200b\u200bof values \u200b\u200bwith limit deviations, numeric values \u200b\u200bshould be concluded with limit deviations in brackets and designations of the unit after brackets or to put out the designations of units after the numerical value of the value and after its limit deviation. 5.6. It is allowed to apply the designations of units in the headlines of the graph and in the names of the strings (sides) of the tables. Examples:

Nominal flow. M 3 / H	Upper testimony limit, m 3	Price division of the extreme right roller, M 3, no more

100, 160, 250, 400, 600 and 1000
2500, 4000, 6000 and 10000
True Power, KW
Overall dimensions, mm:
length
width
height
Pitch, mm.
Luxury, MM.

5.7. It is allowed to apply the designations of units in the explanations of the designations of values \u200b\u200bto formulas. Placing the designations of units in one row with formulas expressing the dependencies between the values \u200b\u200bor between their numerical values \u200b\u200bpresented in the letter form is not allowed. 5.8. The alphabetic designations of units included in the work should be separated by dots on the midline, as signs of multiplication *. * In typewritten texts it is allowed not to raise the point. Convenient designations of units included in the work, separating spaces, if it does not lead to a misunderstanding. 5.9. In the letter notation of the relationship of units as a sign of division, only one trait should be applied: oblique or horizontal. It is allowed to apply the designations of units in the form of a product of the designations of units, erected to degree (positive and negative) **. ** If for one of the units included in the ratio, the designation is established in the form of a negative degree (for example, S -1, M -1, to -1; C -1, M -1, K -1), apply oblique or horizontal trait not allowed. 5.10. When applying the oblique feature of the units in the numerator and the denominator should be placed in the string, the product of the designations of units in the denominator should be included in the brackets. 5.11. When specifying a derivative of a unit consisting of two or more units, it is not allowed to combine alphabetic designations and names of units, i.e. For one units, give designations, and for others - names. Note. It is allowed to apply the combinations of special signs ... °, ... ¢, ... ¢ ¢,% and o / oo with letternal designations of units, for example ... ° / s, etc.

ATTACHMENT 1

Mandatory

Rules for the formation of coherent derivatives of units

Coherent derivatives of units (hereinafter - derivative units) of the international system, as a rule, form with the help of the simplest equations of communication between the values \u200b\u200b(defining equations) in which the numerical coefficients are equal to 1. To form derivatives of units of magnitude in the communication equations, they are taken equal to units of C. Example. The velocity unit is formed using an equation that determines the speed of a straight and evenly moving point

V. = s / T.,

Where V. - speed; S. - the length of the traveled path; T. - time movement time. Substitution instead S. and T. their units si gives

[v.] = [s.]/[t.] \u003d 1 m / s.

Consequently, the unit of SI is a meter per second. It is equal to the speed of a straightforward and evenly moving point, at which this point for the time 1 S moves to a distance of 1 m. If the communication equation contains a numerical coefficient other than 1, then for the formation of a coherent derivative unit to the right-hand side, the values \u200b\u200bare substituted with values \u200b\u200bin units of C, which gives the number 1. Example to the coefficient to the coefficient. If an equation is used to form an energy unit

Where E. - kinetic energy; m - mass of material point; V. - the speed of the point, then the coherent unit of the energy of the C form, for example, as follows:

Consequently, the energy unit is a Joule (equal to Newton meter). In the examples given, it is equal to the kinetic energy of the body with a mass of 2 kg moving at a speed of 1 m / s, or a body weighing 1 kg moving at speeds

ATTACHMENT 2

Reference

The ratio of some non-system units with si units

Name of magnitude					Note
	Name	Designation		SO ratio
	Name	international		SO ratio
Length	angstrom
Length	x-unit			1,00206 × 10 -13 m (approximately)
Area
Weight
Solid angle	square degree			3,0462 ... × 10 -4 SR
Strength, weight
	kilogram-power			9,80665 N (exactly)
	kilopond
	gram-power			9,83665 × 10 -3 N (exactly)

	ton-power			9806.65 N (exactly)
Pressure	kilogram-power per square centimeter			98066.5 RA (for sure)
	kilopond per square centimeter
	millimeter water column		mm waters. Art.	9,80665 RA (exactly)
	millimeter mercury pillar		mm RT. Art.

Voltage (mechanical)	kilogram-power per square millimeter			9,80665 × 10 6 RA (exactly)
Voltage (mechanical)	kilopond per square millimeter			9,80665 × 10 6 RA (exactly)
Work, Energy
Power	horsepower
Dynamic viscosity
Kinematic viscosity
	om-square millimeter per meter		Om × mm 2 / m
Magnetic flow	maxwell
Magnetic induction
	gPLBERT			(10/4 p) a \u003d 0,795775 ... and
Magnetic field tension				(10 3 / p) a / m \u003d 79,5775 ... a / m
The amount of heat, thermodynamic potential (internal energy, enthalpy, isochloro-isothermal potential), heat of phase transformation, heat of chemical reaction	calorie (interddet)			4,1858 J (exactly)
	thermochemical calorie			4,1840 j (approximately)
	calorie 15-degree			4,1855 J (approximately)
Absorbed dose of radiation
Equivalent radiation dose, equivalent dose rate
Exposure dose of photon radiation (exposure dose of gamma and x-ray radiation)				2.58 × 10 -4 C / KG (exactly)
Nuclide activity in the radioactive source				3,700 × 10 10 bq (exactly)
Length
Angle of rotation				2 P RAD \u003d 6,28 ... RAD
Magnethodific power, the difference of magnetic potentials	amperworth
Brightness
Area

Modified edition, meas. Number 3.

ATTACHMENT 3

Reference

1. The selection of a decimal multiple or a dollar unit from a unit is dictated primarily by the convenience of its use. From the variety of multiple and dollane units that can be formed using consoles, choose a unit leading to numerical values \u200b\u200bof the value acceptable in practice. In principle, multiple and dollane units are chosen in such a way that the numeric values \u200b\u200bof the values \u200b\u200bare in the range from 0.1 to 1000. 1.1. In some cases, it is advisable to apply the same multiple or dollar unit, even if numeric values \u200b\u200bare out of range from 0.1 to 1000, for example, in the tables of numerical values \u200b\u200bfor one value or when comparing these values \u200b\u200bin the same text. 1.2. In some areas, one and the same multiple or dolly unit are always used. For example, in the drawings used in mechanical engineering, linear dimensions are always expressed in millimeters. 2. In tab. 1 of this Annex are presented to the use of multiples and dollane units from SI units. Presented in table. 1 multiple and dollane units from SI units for this physical quantity should not be considered exhaustive, as they may not cover the ranges of physical quantities in developing and newly emerging areas of science and technology. Nevertheless, the recommended multiple and dollane units from the SI units contribute to the uniformity of the presentation of the values \u200b\u200bof physical quantities belonging to various fields of technology. In the same table, there were also widespread multiple and dolly units from units applied on a par with units. 3. For values \u200b\u200bnot covered by Table. 1, you should use multiple and dolle units selected in accordance with clause 1 of this application. 4. To reduce the likelihood of errors in calculations, decimal multiples and dollane units are recommended only to substant final result, and in the process of calculations, all values \u200b\u200bare expressed in units of C, replacing the console of the degrees of the number 10. 5. In Table. 2 of this Annexer shows the propagation of a unit of some logarithmic quantities.

Table 1

Name of magnitude	Designations
Name of magnitude	units S.		units that are not incoming and si	multiple and dollars from units that are not included in si
Part I. Space and time
Flat corner	rAD; Rady (radians)	m RAD; MKRD	... ° (degree) ... (Minute) ... "(second)
Solid angle	sR; CP (Steeradian)
Length	m; m (meter)		... ° (degree) ... ¢ (minute) ... ² (second)
Area
Volume, capacity			l (L); l (liter)
Time	s; C (second)		d; SUT (day) min; Min (minute)
Speed
Acceleration	m / S 2; m / s 2
Part II. Periodic and related phenomena
	Hz; Hz (Hertz)
Rotation frequency			min -1; Min -1
Part III. Mechanics
Weight	kg; kg (kilogram)		t; T (ton)
Linear density	kg / m; kg / m	mg / m; mg / M. or g / km; g / km.
Density	kg / m 3; kg / m 3	Mg / m 3; Mg / m 3 kg / dm 3; kg / dm 3 g / cm 3; g / cm 3	t / M 3; T / m 3 or kg / l; kg / l	g / ml; g / ml
Number of traffic	kg × m / s; kg × m / s
Moment moment	kg × m 2 / s; kg × m 2 / s
Moment of inertia (dynamic moment of inertia)	kG × m 2, kg × m 2
Strength, weight	N; N (Newton)
Moment of power	N × m; N × M.	Mn × m; MN × M. kn × m; KN × M. mn × m; MN × M. m n × m; MKN × M.
Pressure	Ra; Pa (Pascal)	m RA; ICPA
Voltage
Dynamic viscosity	Ra × s; PA × S.	mPA × s; MPa × S.
Kinematic viscosity	m 2 / s; m 2 / s	mM 2 / S; mm 2 / s
Surface tension		mn / m; MN / M.
Energy, work	J; J (Joule)		(electron-volt)	Gev; GeV MEV; MeV KEV; keV
Power	W; W (watt)
Part IV. Heat
Temperature	TO; K (Kelvin)
Temperature coefficient
Warmth, the amount of heat
Heat flow
Thermal conductivity
Heat transfer coefficient	W / (m 2 × k)
Heat capacity		kj / k; KJ / K.
Specific heat	J / (kg × k)	kj / (kg × k); KJ / (kg × K)
Entropy		kj / k; KJ / K.
Specific entropy	J / (kg × k)	kj / (kg × k); KJ / (kg × K)
Specific heat	J / kg; J / kg	MJ / KG; MJ / kg kj / kg; KJ / kg.
Specific heat transformation	J / kg; J / kg	MJ / KG; MJ / kg kj / kg; KJ / kg
Part V. Electricity and magnetism
Electric current (electric current)	A; A (Ampere)
Electric charge (number of electricity)	FROM; CL (pendant)
Electric charge spatial density	C / M 3; CL / m 3	C / MM 3; CL / mm 3 Ms / m 3; Μl / m 3 C / s M 3; CL / cm 3 kC / M 3; Kl / m 3 m C / M 3; μl / m 3 m C / M 3; μKl / m 3
Electric charge surface density	C / M 2, CL / m 2	Ms / m 2; Μl / m 2 C / MM 2; CL / mm 2 With / s m 2; CL / cm 2 kC / M 2; Kl / m 2 m C / M 2; μl / m 2 m C / M 2; μKl / m 2
Electric field tension		MV / M; MV / M. kv / m; KV / M. V / MM; In / mm V / cm; V / see mV / M; MV / M. m v / m; MKV / M.
Electrical Voltage, Electric Potential, Electric Potential Difference, Electrical Force	V, in (Volt)
Electrical displacement	C / M 2; CL / m 2	With / s m 2; CL / cm 2 kc / cm 2; CCL / cm 2 m C / M 2; μl / m 2 m C / M 2, μKl / m 2
Flow of electrical displacement
Electrical capacity	F, F (Farad)
Absolute dielectric permeability, electric constant		m F / M, ICF / M nF / M, NF / M pF / M, PF / M
Polarizedness	C / M 2, CL / m 2	C / s M 2, CL / cm 2 kC / M 2; Kl / m 2 m C / M 2, μl / m 2 m C / M 2; μKl / m 2
Electric moment dipole	C × M, CL × m
Electric current density	A / m 2, a / m 2	Ma / m 2, Ma / m 2 A / mm 2, a / mm 2 A / C m 2, a / cm 2 kA / M 2, ka / m 2,
Linear electric current density		ka / m; ka / m A / mm; A / mm. A / s m; A / cm
Magnetic field tension		ka / m; ka / m A / MM; A / mm. A / CM; A / cm
Magnethodific power, the difference of magnetic potentials
Magnetic induction, magnetic flux density	T; TL (Tesla)
Magnetic flow	WB, WB (Weber)
Magnetic vector potential	T × m; TL × M.	kt × m; KTL × M.
Inductance, mutual inductance	N; GN (Henry)
Absolute magnetic permeability, magnetic constant		m n / m; ICGN / M. nH / m; NGN / M.
Magnetic moment	A × m 2; A m 2.
Magnetization		ka / m; ka / m A / mm; A / mm.
Magnetic polarization
Electrical resistance
Electrical conductivity	S; CM (Siemens)
Specific electrical resistance	W × m; Om × M.	G w × m; Gom × M. M w × m; Mom × M. k W × m; com × m W × cm; Om × cm m w × m; Mom × M. m w × m; MKOM × M. n w × m; NOM × M.
Specific electrical conductivity		MS / M; MSM / M. ks / m; KSM / M.
Reluctance
Magnetic conductivity
Impedance
Module of full resistance
Reactance
Active resistance
Admittance
Module full conductivity
Reactive conductivity
Conductance
Active power
Reactive power
Full power			V × A, in × a
Part VI. Light and associated with it electromagnetic radiation
Wavelength
Wave number
Energy radiation
Radiation stream, radiation power
Energy power of light (radiation strength)	W / sr; W / cf.
Energy Brightness (Bindness)	W / (SR × m 2); W / (cf × m 2)
Energy illumination (irradiated)	W / m 2; W / m 2
Energy luminosity (nerd)	W / m 2; W / m 2
The power of light
Light flow	lm; lm (lumen)
Light energy	lm × s; LM × S.		lM × H; LM × C.
Brightness	cD / M 2; CD / m 2
Luminosity	lM / M 2; lm / m 2
Light	l x; LC (Suite)
Light exposure	lX × S; LK × S.
Light Equivalent Radiation Flow	lM / W; LM / W.
Part VII. Acoustics
Period
Frequency of the periodic process
Wavelength
Sound pressure		m RA; ICPA
Speed \u200b\u200bof particle fluctuations		mM / S; mm / S.
Speed \u200b\u200bspeed	m 3 / s; m 3 / s
Sound speed
Sound Energy Stream, Sound Power
Sound intensity	W / m 2; W / m 2	mW / M 2; MW / m 2 m w / m 2; μW / m 2 pW / M 2; PVT / m 2
Specific speaker	PA × S / M; PA × S / M
Acoustic resistance	PA × S / M 3; PA × s / m 3
Mechanical resistance	N × s / m; N × s / m
Equivalent absorption area with surface or subject
Reverb time
Part VIII Physical Chemistry and Molecular Physics
Number of substances	mol; Mole (mole)	kmol; Colol mMOL; mmol m mol; Mkmol.
Molar mass	kg / mol; kg / mol	g / mol; g / mol
Molar volume	m 3 / Moi; m 3 / mole	dM 3 / MOL; dm 3 / mol cm 3 / mol; cm 3 / mol	l / MOL; l / mol
Molar inner energy	J / mol; J / Mol	kj / mol; KJ / Mol.
Molar enthalpy	J / mol; J / Mol	kj / mol; KJ / Mol.
Chemical potential	J / mol; J / Mol	kj / mol; KJ / Mol.
Chemical affinity	J / mol; J / Mol	kj / mol; KJ / Mol.
Molar heat capacity	J / (mol × k); J / (mol × k)
Molar entropy	J / (mol × k); J / (mol × k)
Molar concentration	mOL / M 3; Mol / m 3	kMOL / M 3; Komol / m 3 mOL / DM 3; mol / dm 3	mol / 1; Mol / L.
Specific adsorption	mol / kg; Mol / kg	mMOL / KG; mmol / kg
Teterolution	M 2 / s; m 2 / s
Part IX. Ionizing radiation
Absorbed dose of radiation, Kerma, indicator of the absorbed dose (absorbed dose of ionizing radiation)	Gy; GR (Gray)	m G y; μgr
Nuclide activity in a radioactive source (radionuclide activity)	Bq; BK (Becquer)

(Modified edition, change No. 3).

table 2

Name of logarithmic size	Designation Unit	The initial value of the magnitude
Sound pressure level
Sound power level
Sound intensity level
Power level difference
Strengthening, weakening
Attenuation coefficient

ATTACHMENT 4

Reference

Information details of GOST 8.417-81 ST SEV 1052-78

1. Sections 1 - 3 (PP. 3.1 and 3.2); 4, 5 and mandatory Appendix 1 to GOST 8.417-81 correspond to sections 1 - 5 and annex to ST SEV 1052-78. 2. Reference application 3 to GOST 8.417-81 complies with the information application to ST SEV 1052-78.

Unity of measurements implies consistency sizes of units All values. This becomes obvious if you remember the possibility of measuring the same magnitude with direct and indirect measurements. Such consistency is achieved by the creation of a system of units. But, although the advantages of the system of units compared with a set of separated units were recognized for a very long time, the first system of units appeared only at the end of the XVIII century. It was a famous metric system (meter, kilogram, second), approved on March 26, 1791 by the Constituent Assembly of France. The first scientifically substantiated system of units, as a combination of arbitrary main units and derived units dependent on them, in 1832 proposed K. Gauss. He built a system of units, called absolute, which was based on three arbitrary, independent units: a millimeter, milligrams and seconds. The development of the Gauss system was the SGS system (centimeter, gram, second), convenient for use in electromagnetic measurements, and various modifications in electromagnetic measurements.

The development of industry and trade in the era of the first industrial revolution demanded unification of units internationally. The beginning of this process was made on May 20, 1875 by signing 17 countries (including Russia, Germany, USA, France, England), the metric convention, to which many countries joined the following. According to this convention, international cooperation in the field of metrology was established. In Sevra, located in the suburbs of Paris, an international bureau of measures and scales (MBMW) was established to conduct international metrological research and storage of international standards. An international committee of measures and scales (ICMS) has been established for the management of MBMV, which includes advisory committees on units and a number of measurement types. To solve the fundamental issues of international metrological cooperation, international conferences were regularly held, called General Conferences on Measures and Sighs (GKMV). All countries that signed the Metric Convention received prototypes of international standards of length (meter) and mass (kilogram). Periodic comparisons of these national standards with international references stored in MBMV were also organized. Thus, the metric system of units first received international recognition. However, after signing the metric convention, units were developed for various measurement areas - SGS, SGSE, SGSM, MTS, ISS, ICGSS. The problem of the unity of measurements is again arising, already between different areas of measurements. And in 1954, the HCGMV was pre-first, and in October 1960, the XI GKMV finally adopt the international system of SI units, which with insignificant changes is valid to the present. At the following meetings of GKMV, changes and additions were repeatedly introduced into it. Currently, the SI unit system is regulated by the ISO 31 standard and is essentially an international regulator, mandatory for use. In our country, the ISO 31 standard approved as state Standard GOST 8.417-02.

Units SI formed in accordance with general Principle The formation of systems of units, which was proposed by K. Gauss in 1832 in accordance with it, all physical quantities are divided into two groups: the values \u200b\u200badopted for independent of other values \u200b\u200bcalled the main values; All other values \u200b\u200bcalled derivatives that express through the main and already certain derivatives with the help of physical equations. From this it follows the classification of units: the main values \u200b\u200bare the main units of the system, and the units of derivatives - derived units.

So, first forms system of quantities — the combination of values \u200b\u200bformed in accordance with the principle when some values \u200b\u200bare accepted for independent, while others are the functions of independent values. The magnitude of the value of the value conditionally adopted as independent of the other values \u200b\u200bof this system is called the primary value. The value in the system of magnitude and determined through the main and already certain derivatives,called a derivative value.

The unit of the primary value of this system of magnitude is called the main unit. Derivative unit— this unit of the derivative of this system of values \u200b\u200bformed in accordance with the equation binding it with the main units or with the main units and already certain derivatives.

This way is formed system units values— the combination of the main and derivative units of a given system of quantities.

Basic units of measurement. For each measured physical size, an appropriate unit of measure must be provided. Thus, a separate unit of measurement is needed for weight, distance, volume, speed, etc., and each unit can be determined by selecting one or another standard. The units system turns out to be much more convenient if only a few units are chosen as the main, and the rest are determined through the main. So, if a number of length is a meter, the standard of which is stored in the state metrological service, then the unit of the area can be considered a square meter, a unit of volume - a cubic meter, a velocity unit - a meter per second, etc.

The convenience of such a system of dimension units is that mathematical relations between the main and derivative units of the system are simpler. At the same time, the unit of speed is the unit of distance (length) per unit of time, an acceleration unit is a unit of speed change per unit of time, a unit of force - a unit of acceleration unit of mass, etc. In a mathematical record, it looks like this: V \u003d L / T, A \u003d V / T, F \u003d MA \u003d ML / T2. The presented formulas show the "dimension" of the quantities under consideration, establishing relations between units. (Similar formulas allow you to identify units for such values \u200b\u200bas pressure or power of the electric current.) Such relations are common and are performed regardless of which units (meter, foot or arms) is measured and what units are selected for other values.

Work, energy,
number of warmth

The method of setting the temperature values \u200b\u200bis the temperature scale. There are several temperature scale.

Kelvin scale (named English physics U. Thomson, Lord Kelvin).
Designation Unit: to (Not "degree Kelvin" and not ° K).
1 K \u003d 1 / 273,16 - part of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water corresponding to the thermodynamic equilibrium of the system consisting of ice, water and steam.
Celsius (named Swedish astronomer and physics A. Celsius).
Unit designation: ° С .
In this scale, the temperature of the ice melting at normal pressure is taken equal to 0 ° C, the boiling point of water is 100 ° C.
Kelvin and Celsius scales are associated with the equation: T (° C) \u003d T (K) - 273.15.
Fahrenheit (D. G. Fahrenheit is a German physicist).
Unit designation: ° F. It is used widely, in particular, in the United States.
Fahrenheit scale and Celsius scale are related: T (° F) \u003d 1.8 · T (° C) + 32 ° C. Over the absolute value of 1 (° F) \u003d 1 (° C).
Reaumur scale (named French physics R.A. Reomyur).
Designation: ° R and ° R.
This scale is almost out of use.
The ratio with the degree Celsius: T (° R) \u003d 0.8 · T (° C).
Rankina scale (Rankina) - named Scottish engineer and physics of U. J. Rankina.
Designation: ° R (sometimes: ° Rank).
Scale also applied to the United States.
The temperature on the Rankin scale correlates with the temperature on the Kelvin scale: T (° R) \u003d 9/5 · t (k).

Basic temperature indicators in units of different scales:

Unit of measurement in SI - meter (m).

Introduced unit: Angstrom (Å). 1Å \u003d 1 · 10-10 m.
Inch (from the Gall. DUIM is a thumb); inch; in; ''; 1'\u003d 25.4 mm.
Hand (eng. Hand - hand); 1 Hand \u003d 101.6 mm.
Link (eng. Link - link); 1 Li \u003d 201,168 mm.
SPAN (English Span - span, scope); 1 span \u003d 228.6 mm.
Foot (English foot - foot, Fel - feet); 1 ft \u003d 304.8 mm.
Yard (eng. Yard - courtyard, pon); 1 yd \u003d 914.4 mm.
Fat, FES. (eng. Fathom - measure length (\u003d 6 ft), or measure of wood volume (\u003d 216 ft 3), or mountain measure area (\u003d 36 ft 2), or sea soap (ft)); FATH or FTH, or FT, or ƒFM; 1 ft \u003d 1,8288 m.
Chane (eng. Chain - chain); 1 ch \u003d 66 ft \u003d 22 yd \u003d \u003d 20,117 m.
Furlong (English. Furlong) - 1 FUR \u003d 220 YD \u003d 1/8 miles.
Mily (eng. Mile; international). 1 ml (mi, mi) \u003d 5280 ft \u003d 1760 yd \u003d 1609,344 m.

Unit of measurement in SI - M 2.

Square foot; 1 FT 2 (also SQ FT) \u003d 929.03 cm 2.
Square inch; 1 in 2 (SQ in) \u003d 645.16 mm 2.
Square veil (FES); 1 FATH 2 (FT 2; FT 2; SQ FT) \u003d 3.34451 m 2.
Square yard; 1 yd 2 (SQ YD) \u003d 0,836127 m 2 .

SQ (Square) - square.

Unit of measurement in SI - M 3.

Cubic foot; 1 FT 3 (also Cu Ft) \u003d 28,3169 DM 3.
Cubic veil; 1 FATH 3 (FTH 3; FT 3; Cu Ft) \u003d 6,11644 m 3.
Cubic yard; 1 yd 3 (Cu YD) \u003d 0.764555 m 3.
Cubic inch; 1 in 3 (Cu in) \u003d 16,3871 cm 3.
Bushel (United Kingdom); 1 BU (UK, also UK) \u003d 36,3687 DM 3.
Bushel (USA); 1 BU (US, also US) \u003d 35,2391 DM 3.
Gallon (United Kingdom); 1 GAL (UK, also UK) \u003d 4,54609 DM 3.
Galon Liquid (USA); 1 GAL (US, also US) \u003d 3,78541 DM 3.
Dry gallon (USA); 1 GAL DRY (US, also US) \u003d 4.40488 DM 3.
Jill (Gill); 1 Gi \u003d 0.12 l (USA), 0.14 l (United Kingdom).
Barrel (USA); 1bbl \u003d 0.16 m 3.

UK - United Kingdom - United Kingdom (United Kingdom); US - United Stats (USA).

Specific volume

Unit of measurement in C - m 3 / kg.

Foot 3 / pound; 1 ft3 / lb \u003d 62,428 dm 3 / kg .

Unit of measurement in SI - kg.

Pound (trade) (eng. Libra, Pound - weighing, pound); 1 LB \u003d 453,592; LBS - pounds. In the system of old Russian measures 1 pound \u003d 409,512 g.
Grand Prix (English grain - grain, grain, crushed); 1 gr \u003d 64,799 mg.
Stone (eng. Stone - stone); 1 ST \u003d 14 LB \u003d 6,350 kg.

Density, incl. bulk

Unit of measurement in SI - kg / m 3.

Pound / foot 3; 1 LB / FT 3 \u003d 16,0185 kg / m 3.

Linear density

Unit of measurement in C kg / m.

Pound / foot; 1 LB / FT \u003d 1,48816 kg / m
Pound / yard; 1 LB / YD \u003d 0.496055 kg / m

Surface density

Unit of measurement in SI - kg / m 2.

Pound / foot 2; 1 LB / FT 2 (also LB / SQ FT - Pound Per Square Foot) \u003d 4,88249 kg / m 2.

Line speed

Unit of measurement in SI - m / s.

Foot / h; 1 ft / h \u003d 0.3048 m / h.
Foot / s; 1 ft / s \u003d 0.3048 m / s.

Unit of measurement in C - m / s 2.

Foot / c 2; 1 ft / s 2 \u003d 0.3048 m / s 2.

Mass flow

Unit of measurement in C kg / s.

Pound / h; 1 LB / H \u003d 0.453592 kg / h.
Pound / s; 1 LB / S \u003d 0.453592 kg / s.

Volumetric flow

Unit of measurement in C - m 3 / s.

Foot 3 / min; 1 ft 3 / min \u003d 28,3168 dm 3 / min.
Yard 3 / min; 1 yd 3 / min \u003d 0,764555 dm 3 / min.
Gallon / min; 1 GAL / MIN (also GPM - Gallon Per Min) \u003d 3,78541 dm 3 / min.

Specific volume flow

GPM / (SQ · FT) - Gallon (G) Per (P) Minute (M) / (SQUARE (SQ) · Foot (FT)) - Gallon per minute per square foot;
1 gpm / (sq · ft) \u003d 2445 l / (m 2 · h) · 1 l / (m 2 · h) \u003d 10 -3 m / h.
gPD - Gallons Per Day - Gallons per day (day); 1 GPD \u003d 0.1577 DM 3 / h.
gPM - Gallons Per Minute - Gallons per minute; 1 GPM \u003d 0.0026 DM 3 / min.
gPS - Gallons Per Second - Gallons per second; 1 GPS \u003d 438 · 10 -6 DM 3 / s.

Sorbate consumption (for example, Cl 2) when filtering through a layer of sorbent (for example active coal)

GALS / CU FT (GAL / FT 3) - Gallons / Cubic Foot (gallons for cubic foot); 1 GALS / CU FT \u003d 0.13365 DM 3 per 1 dm 3 sorbent.

Unit of measurement in SI - N.

Pound power; 1 LBF - 4,44822 N. (analogue of the name of the unit unit: kilogram-force, kgf. 1 kgf \u003d \u003d 9,80665 · H (exactly). 1 lbf \u003d 0.453592 (kg) · 9.80665 H \u003d 4 , 44822 N · 1H \u003d 1 kg · m / s 2
Poundal (English: Poundal); 1 pdl \u003d 0.138255 N. (Poundale - force reporting mass into one pound acceleration in 1 foot / s 2, lb · ft / s 2)

Specific gravity

Unit of measurement in SI - N / m 3.

Pound power / foot 3; 1 LBF / FT 3 \u003d 157.087 N / m 3.
Powl / foot 3; 1 pdl / ft 3 \u003d 4,87985 n / m 3.

Unit of measurement in SI - Pa, multiple units: MPa, kpa.

Specialists in their work continue to apply outdated, canceled or previously optionally allowable pressure measurement units: kgf / cm 2; bar; atm. (physical atmosphere); aT. (technical atmosphere); ata; ati; m waters. Art.; mm RT. st; Torr..

Concepts are used: "absolute pressure", "overpressure". There are errors when translating some units of pressure to the PA and in its multiple units. It should be borne in mind that 1 kgf / cm 2 is equal to 98066.5 PA (exactly), that is, for small (about 14 kgf / cm 2) pressures with sufficient accuracy to work, you can take: 1 Pa \u003d 1 kg / (m · C 2) \u003d 1 N / m 2. 1 kgf / cm 2 ≈ 105 Pa \u003d 0.1 MPa. But already with medium and high pressures: 24 kgf / cm 2 ≈ 23,5 · 105 Pa \u003d 2.35 MPa; 40 kgf / cm 2 ≈ 39 · 105 Pa \u003d 3.9 MPa; 100 kgf / cm 2 ≈ 98 · 105 Pa \u003d 9.8 MPa etc.

Relations:

1 atm (physical) ≈ 101325 Pa ≈ 1.013 · 105 Pa ≈ 0.1 MPa.
1 AT (technical) \u003d 1 kgf / cm 2 \u003d 980066.5 Pa ≈ 105 Pa ≈ 0.09806 MPa ≈ 0.1 MPa.
0.1 MPa ≈ 760 mm Hg. Art. ≈ 10 m of water. Art. ≈ 1 bar.
1 Torr (Thor, Tor) \u003d 1 mm Hg. Art.
Pound power / inch 2; 1 lbf / in 2 \u003d 6,89476 kPa (see below: PSI).
Pound power / foot 2; 1 LBF / FT 2 \u003d 47,8803 Pa.
Pound power / yard 2; 1 LBF / YD 2 \u003d 5,32003 Pa.
Palate / foot 2; 1 pdl / ft 2 \u003d 1,48816 pa.
Foot water column; 1 ft H 2 O \u003d 2.98907 kPa.
Inch water column; 1 in H 2 O \u003d 249,089 Pa.
Inch mercury pillar; 1 in Hg \u003d 3,38639 kPa.
PSI (also PSI) - POUNDS (P) Per Square (S) Inch (I) - pounds per square inch; 1 psi \u003d 1 lbƒ / in 2 \u003d 6,89476 kPa.

Sometimes in the literature, the designation of the pressure measurement unit LB / IN 2 is found - in this unit, not LBƒ (pound-force), but LB (pound mass) is taken into account. Therefore, in numerical expression 1 LB / IN 2, it differs somewhat from 1 LBF / IN 2, since it is taken into account when determining 1 LBƒ: G \u003d 9.80665 m / s 2 (on the latitude of London). 1 LB / In 2 \u003d 0.454592 kg / (2.54 cm) 2 \u003d 0.07046 kg / cm 2 \u003d 7,046 kPa. Calculation 1 LBƒ - see above. 1 lbf / in 2 \u003d 4,44822 N / (2.54 cm) 2 \u003d 4,44822 kg · m / (2.54 · 0.01 m) 2 · C 2 \u003d 6894,754 kg / (m · s 2) \u003d 6894.754 Pa ≈ 6,895 kPa.

For practical calculations, it is possible to accept: 1 lbf / in 2 ≈ 1 lb / in 2 ≈ 7 kPa. But, in fact, the equality is illegally, as and 1 Lbƒ \u003d 1 LB, 1 kgf \u003d 1 kg. PSIG (PSIG) is the same as PSI, but indicates overpressure; PSIA (PSIA) is the same as PSI, but emphasizes: absolute pressure; A - Absolute, G - Gauge (measure, size).

Water pressure

Unit of measurement in si - m.

Pressure in feet (Feet-Head); 1 ft HD \u003d 0.3048 m

Pressure loss during filtering

PSI / FT - POUNDS (P) PER SQUARE (S) InCH (I) / Foot (FT) - pounds per square inch / foot; 1 PSI / FT \u003d 22.62 kPa per 1 m filter layer.

Work, Energy, Number of Heat

Unit of measurement in C - Joule (named English physics J. P. Joule).

1 j - mechanical work Forces 1N when moving the body for a distance of 1 m.
Newton (N) is a unit of strength and weight in SI; 1 H REDOWS of the influence of the body weighing 1 kg acceleration 1 m 2 / s in the direction of force. 1 j \u003d 1 n · m.

In the heat engineering continues to apply a canceled unit for measuring the amount of heat - caloria (Cal, Cal).

1 J (J) \u003d 0.23885 Cal. 1 kJ \u003d 0.2388 kcal.
1 lbf · ft (pound-power-ft) \u003d 1,35582 J.
1 pdl · ft (pahundale-foot) \u003d 42,1401 MJ.
1 BTU (British heat unit) \u003d 1,05506 kJ (1 kJ \u003d 0.2388 kcal).
1 Therm (Terma - British Great Calorie) \u003d 1 · 10 -5 BTU.

Unit of measurement in SI - Watt (W) - named English inventor J. Watt - a mechanical power, at which a work in 1 J, or a thermal stream, equivalent to mechanical power in 1 W.

1 W (W) \u003d 1 j / s \u003d 0.859985 kcal / h (kcal / h).
1 lbf · ft / s (pound-power-foot / s) \u003d 1.33582 W.
1 lbf · ft / min (pound power-foot / min) \u003d 22,597 MW.
1 lbf · ft / h (pound-power-foot / h) \u003d 376,616 μW.
1 pdl · ft / s (pahundale-foot / s) \u003d 42,1401 MW.
1 HP (British / s horsepower) \u003d 745.7 watts.
1 BTU / S (British heat unit / s) \u003d 1055.06 W.
1 BTU / H (British heat / h) \u003d 0.293067 W.

Surface density of thermal flux

Unit of measurement in SI - W / m 2.

1 W / m 2 (W / M 2) \u003d 0.859985 kcal / (m 2 · h) (KCAL / (M 2 · H)).
1 BTU / (FT 2 · h) \u003d 2.69 kcal / (m 2 · h) \u003d 3,1546 kW / m 2.

Dynamic viscosity (viscosity coefficient), η.

Unit of measurement in SI - Pa · s. 1 Pa · C \u003d 1 N · C / m 2;
introduced unit - pUAZ (P). 1 n \u003d 1 dyn · C / m 2 \u003d 0.1 Pa · s.

Dina (DYN) - (from Greek. Dynamic - power). 1 din \u003d 10 -5 H \u003d 1 g · cm / s 2 \u003d 1.02 · 10 -6 kgf.
1 lbf · h / ft 2 (pound-power-h / foot 2) \u003d 172,369 kPa · s.
1 LBF · S / FT 2 (pound-power-C / foot 2) \u003d 47,8803 Pa · s.
1 PDL · S / FT 2 (pahundal-C / foot 2) \u003d 1,48816 Pa · s.
1 Slug / (ft · s) (moist / (foot · c)) \u003d 47,8803 Pa · s. Slug (moisture) - technical unit of mass in the English system of measures.

Kinematic viscosity, ν.

Unit of measurement in C - m 2 / s; Unit SM 2 / C is called "Stokes" (named English physics and mathematics J. Stokes).

Kinematic and dynamic viscosity are associated with equality: ν \u003d η / ρ, where ρ is the density, g / cm 3.

1 m 2 / s \u003d Stokes / 104.
1 ft 2 / h (foot 2 / h) \u003d 25,8064 mm 2 / s.
1 ft 2 / s (foot 2 / s) \u003d 929,030 cm 2 / s.

The unit of tension of the magnetic field in C - a / m (Ammeter). Ampere (a) - Surname of French physics A.M. Ampere.

Ersteted Unit (E) was previously applied - named Danish physics H.K. Ersteda.
1 A / M (A / M, AT / M) \u003d 0.0125663 E (OE)

Resistance to crush and abrasions of non-level filter materials and in general of all minerals and mountain breeds Indirectly determined on the Moos scale (F. Moos - German mineralog).

In this scale, the numbers in the increasing order denote the minerals located in such a way that each subsequent is able to leave scratch in the previous one. Extreme substances in the Moos scale: Talc (hardness unit - 1, the most soft) and diamond (10, the hardest).

Hardness 1-2.5 (drawing nail): Vsksonkit, vermiculitis, religion, gypsum, glauconite, graphite, clay materials, pyrolyzit, talc, etc.
Hardness\u003e 2.5-4.5 (not drawn nail, but drawn glass): anhydrite, aragonitis, barite, glauconit, dolomite, calcite, magnesite, muscovit, siderite, chalcopyrite, sabazit, etc.
Hardness\u003e 4.5-5.5 (not drawn glass, but drawn with a steel knife): apatite, wonder, nepheline, pyrojit, shabazit, etc.
Hardness\u003e 5.5-7.0 (not drawn with a steel knife, but still quickened by quartz): Vernitis, pomegranate, Ilmenite, magnetite, pyrite, field splat, etc.
Hardness\u003e 7.0 (non-quarzing): diamond, grenades, corundum, etc.

The hardness of minerals and rocks can also be determined on the KNUP scale (A. KNUP - German mineralog). In this scale, the values \u200b\u200bare determined by the size of the imprint left on the mineral when the diamond pyramid under a certain load in its sample is determined.

The ratio of indicators on MOOS scales (M) and KNUP (K):

Unit of measurement in C - BC (Beckel, named after French physics A.A. Becquer).

BC (BQ) is a unit of nuclide activity in a radioactive source (isotope activity). 1 BK is equal to the activity of the nuclide, in which one act of decay occurs in 1 s.

Concentration of radioactivity: BK / M 3 or BK / L.

Activity is the number of radioactive decays per unit of time. Activity per unit mass is called specific.

Curie (KU, CI, CU) is a unit of nuclide activity in a radioactive source (isotope activity). 1 KU is the activity of the isotope in which 3.7000 × 1010 acts of decay occurs for 1 ° C. 1 ku \u003d 3.7000 · 1010 BC.
Rutherford (RD, RD) is an outdated unit of activity of nuclides (isotopes) in radioactive sources, named after English physics E. Rutinford. 1 РД \u003d 1 · 106 BK \u003d 1/37000 ki.

Dose of radiation

Dose of radiation is the energy of ionizing radiation, absorbed by the irradiated substance and calculated per unit of its mass (absorbed dose). The dose accumulates with irradiation time. Dose power ≡ dose / time.

Unit of absorbed dose in SI - Gray (gr, gy). Introduced unit - Rad (RAD), corresponding to the energy of radiation in 100 ERG, absorbed by the substance weighing 1 g.

Erg (ERG - from Greek: Ergon - work) - a unit of work and energy in an uncommitted SGS system.

1 erg \u003d 10 -7 j \u003d 1.02 · 10 -8 kgf · m \u003d 2.39 · 10 -8 cal \u003d 2.78 · 10 -14 kWh.
1 Rad (RAD) \u003d 10 -2 gr.
1 Rad (RAD) \u003d 100 erg / g \u003d 0.01 g \u003d 2.388 · 10 -6 Cal / g \u003d 10 -2 j / kg.

Kerma (Sokr. English: Kinetic Energy Released in Matter) - kinetic energy released in substance is measured in Gray.

Equivalent dose is determined by comparing the radiation of nuclides with X-ray radiation. The radiation quality ratio (K) shows how many times the radiation hazard in the case of chronic irradiation of a person (in relatively small doses) for this type of radiation is greater than in the case of X-ray radiation with the same absorbed dose. For X-ray and γ-radiation K \u003d 1. For all other types of radiation, K is installed in radiobiological data.

DEKV \u003d DPOHL · K.

Unit of absorbed dose in C - 1 star (Zivert) \u003d 1 J / kg \u003d 102 BER.

BER (BER, RI - until 1963 was defined as a biological equivalent of X-ray) - a unit of equivalent dose of ionizing radiation.
X-ray (P, R) is a unit of measurement, an exposure dose of X-ray and γ-radiation. 1 p \u003d 2.58 · 10 -4 CB / kg.
Pendant (CL) is a unit in the SI system, the amount of electricity, electric charge. 1 babr \u003d 0.01 j / kg.

Power equivalent dose - SV / s.

Permeability of porous media (including rocks and minerals)

Darcy (D) - named French Engineer A. Darcy, Darsy (D) · 1 d \u003d 1.01972 μm 2.

1 d - the permeability of such a porous medium, when filtering through a sample of which with an area of \u200b\u200b1 cm 2, a thickness of 1 cm and a pressure drop of 0.1 MPa, liquid consumption of a viscosity of 1 SP is 1 cm 3 / s.

The dimensions of the particles, grains (granules) of filter materials on the SI and standards of other countries

In the USA, Canada, Great Britain, Japan, France and Germany, grain sizes are estimated in the meshes (eng. Mesh - a hole, cell, network), that is, by the number (number) of holes per inch of the smallest sieves, through which they can pass grains. And the effective diameter of the grains is the size of the opening in the ICM. IN last years The systems of the US and Great Britain are more often used.

The relationship between the units of measurement of grain size (granules) of filter materials on the SI and standards of other countries:

Mass fraction

The mass fraction shows which mass amount of the substance is contained in 100 mass parts of the solution. Units of measure: Shares of unit; interest (%); PROMILL (‰); Milling shares (pp --1).

Concentration of solutions and solubility

The concentration of the solution should be distinguished from solubility - the concentration of a saturated solution, which is expressed by the mass amount of substance in 100 mass parts of the solvent (for example, g / 100 g).

Volumetric concentration

The volume concentration is a massive amount of the dissolved substance in a certain amount of solution (for example: mg / l, g / m 3).

Molar concentration

The molar concentration is the number of moles of this substance dissolved in a certain amount of solution (mol / m 3, mmol / l, μmol / ml).

Molant concentration

Molant concentration - the number of moles of the substance contained in 1000 g of solvent (mol / kg).

Normal solution

A normal is a solution containing a single equivalent of a substance, expressed in bulk units: 1H \u003d 1 mg · eq / l \u003d \u003d 1 mmol / l (indicating the equivalent of a particular substance).

Equivalent

Equivalent equal to relation parts of the mass of the element (substance), which attachs or replaces chemical compound One atomic mass of hydrogen or half of the atomic oxygen mass, to 1/12 carbon mass 12. Thus, the equivalent of acid is equal to its molecular weight, expressed in grams divided into basicity (number of hydrogen ions); The equivalent of the base is the molecular weight divided by acidity (the number of hydrogen ions, and in inorganic bases - divided by the number of hydroxyl groups); The equivalent of salt is the molecular weight divided by the amount of charges (valence of cations or anions); The equivalent of compounds involved in oxidation reactions is particular from dividing the molecular weight of the compound to the number of electrons adopted (given) by the atom of the regenerating (oxidizing) element.

Relations between solutions concentration units
(Formulas for the transition from some expressions of concentrations of solutions to others):

Recovery:

ρ is the density of the solution, g / cm 3;
m is the molecular weight of the dissolved substance, g / mol;
E is an equivalent mass of the dissolved substance, that is, the amount of substance in grams interacting in this reaction with one grammatome of hydrogen or the corresponding transition of one electron.

According to GOST 8.417-2002 the number of substance is set: mole, multiple and dolly units ( kmol, mmol, ichmol).

Unit of measuring stiffness in C - mmol / l; ichmol / l.

In different countries, canceled water stiffness units are often continued:

Russia and the CIS countries - MM-EQ / L, MKG-EQ / L, Mr. 3;
Germany, Austria, Denmark and some other countries of the German Group of Languages \u200b\u200b- 1 German Degree - (H ° - HARTE - Stiffness) ≡ 1 hour CAO / 100 thousand h. Waters ≡ 10 mg Sao / L ≡ 7.14 mg MGO / L ≡ 17.9 mg of Saco 3 / l ≡ 28.9 mg of Ca (NSO 3) 2 / l ≡ 15.1 mg MgCO 3 / l ≡ 0.357 mmol / l.
1 French degree ≡ 1 h. Saso 3/100 thousand h. Waters ≡ 10 mg SASI 3 / L ≡ 5.2 mg SAO / L 0.2 mmol / l.
1 English degree ≡ 1 GRAND / 1Gallon of water ≡ 1 h. Saso 3/70 thousand h. Waters ≡ 0.0648 g Saso 3 / 4.546 l ≡ 100 mg SASI3 / 7 L ≡ 7.42 mg SAO / L ≡ 0,285 mmol / l. Sometimes English degrees of stiffness denote Clark.
1 American degree ≡ 1 h. Saso 3/1 million h. Water ≡ 1 mg SASI 3 / L ≡ 0.52 mg SAO / L ≡ 0.02 mmol / l.

Here: part - part; Translation of degrees to the amounts of CAO, MGO, CaCO 3, Ca (HCO 3) 2, MGCO 3 corresponding to them is shown as examples mainly for German degrees; The dimensions of degrees are tied to calcium-containing compounds, since the composition of calcium stiffness ions, as a rule, is 75-95%, in rare cases - 40-60%. Numbers are rounded mainly to the second decimal sign.

The ratio between water hardness measurement units:

1 mmol / l \u003d 1 mg · eq / l \u003d 2.80 ° H (German degree) \u003d 5.00 French degrees \u003d 3.51 English degrees \u003d 50.04 American degrees.

The new unit of measurement of water rigidity is the Russian degree of stiffness - ° F, defined as the concentration of the alkaline earth element (mainly Ca 2+ and Mg 2+), numerically equal to ½ of it praying in mg / dm 3 (g / m 3).

Alkalinity measurement units - mmol, μmol.

Unit of measurement of electrical conductivity in SI - IMM / cm.

The electrical conductivity of solutions and the inverse electrical resistance characterize the mineralization of solutions, but only - the presence of ions. When measuring electrical conductivity, non-ionic organic substances cannot be taken into account, neutral weighted impurities, interference, distorting results - gases, etc. It is impossible to accurately find the correspondence between the values \u200b\u200bof the specific electrical conductivity and the dry residue or even the sum of all separate solutions, since in Natural water, different ions have different specific electrical conductivity, which simultaneously depends on the mineralization of the solution and its temperature. To establish such addiction, it is necessary to experimentally set the ratio between these values \u200b\u200bfor each specific object several times a year.

1 μm / cm \u003d 1 · mOm · cm; 1 cm / m \u003d 1 · Ohm · m.

For pure sodium chloride solutions (NASL) in distillate approximate ratio:

1 μm / cm ≈ 0.5 mg Nasl / l.

The same relation (approximately), taking into account the above reservations, can be taken for most of natural waters with mineralization up to 500 mg / l (all salts are recalculated on NASL).

In the mineralization of natural water, 0.8-1.5 g / l can be accepted:

1 μm / cm ≈ 0.65 mg of salts / l,

and with mineralization - 3-5 g / l:

1 μm / cm ≈ 0.8 mg of salts / l.

Contents in water suspended impurities, transparency and turbidity of water

The turbidity of water is expressed in units:

JTU (Jackson Turbidity Unit) - a unit of turbidity on Jackson;
FTU (Formasin Turbidity Unit is also indicated by EMF) - a unit of turbidity according to the formazin;
NTU (NEPhelometric Turbidity Unit) - Nefhelometric Unit.

It is impossible to give the exact ratio of units of turbidity and content of suspended substances. For each series of definitions, you need to build a calibration schedule, which allows to determine the turbidity of the analyzed water compared to the control pattern.

Approximately can be represented: 1 mg / l (suspended substances) ≡ 1-5 NTU units.

If the storm mixture (diatom land) particles size is 325 mesh, then: 10 units. NTU ≡ 4 units. JTU.

GOST 3351-74 and SanPina 2.1.4.1074-01 equalize 1.5 units. NTU (or 1.5 mg / l for silica or kaolin) 2.6 units. FTU (EMF).

The ratio between transparency in font and turbidity:

The ratio between transparency in the "Cross" (in cm) and turbidity (in mg / l):

Unit of measurement in C - mg / l, g / m 3, μg / l.

In the United States and in some other countries, mineralization is expressed in relative units (sometimes grans per gallons, GR / GAL):

pPM (PER MILLION) - a million share (1 · 10 -6) units; Sometimes PPM (PER MILL) is denoted by the thousandth share (1 · 10 -3) units;
rPB - (Parts Per Billion) Billion (billion) share (1 · 10 -9) units;
rRT - (PER TRILLION) Trillion fraction (1 · 10 -12) units;
‰ - PROMILL (applied in Russia) - a thousandth fraction (1 · 10 -3) units.

The relationship between the units of mineralization measurement: 1 mg / l \u003d 1rrm \u003d 1 · 10 3 ppb \u003d 1 · 10 6 · ‰ \u003d 1 · 10 -3 ‰ \u003d 1 · 10 -4%; 1 GR / GAL \u003d 17,1 ppm \u003d 17.1 mg / l \u003d 0.142 LB / 1000 GAL.

To measure the mineralization of saline water, pickles and core-containing condensate It is more correct to apply units: mg / kg. In laboratories, water samples are measured by volumetric, and not by mass fractions, therefore it is advisable in most cases the number of impurities to attribute to liter. But for large or very small mineralization values, the error will be felt.

SI volume is measured in DM 3but the measurement is allowed in litersbecause 1 l \u003d 1,000028 dm 3. From 1964 1 l is equal to 1 dm 3 (accurately).

For salted waters and pickles Sometimes the units of salinity are used in degrees Bom (for mineralization\u003e 50 g / kg):

1 ° C corresponds to a solution concentration equal to 1% in terms of NASL.
1% NASL \u003d 10 g NASL / kg.

Dry and calcined residue

Dry and calcined residue are measured in mg / l. The dry residue does not fully characterize the mineralization of the solution, since the conditions for its definition (boiling, drying the solid residue in the furnace at a temperature of 102-110 ° C to constant mass) distort the result: in particular, part of the bicarbonates (conditionally accepted - half) decomposes and It disappears in the form of CO 2.

Decimal multiple and dolle units of measurement values

Decimal multiple and dolle units of measurement of quantities, as well as their names and designations, should be formed by multipliers and consoles shown in the table:

(According to the materials of the site https://aqua-therm.ru/).

This lesson will not be new for beginners. We all heard from schools such things as a centimeter, meter, kilometer. And when it came to the mass, they usually spoke grams, kilograms, tons.

Centimeters, meters and kilometers; Grams, kilograms and tons wear one common name - units of measurement of physical quantities.

In this lesson, we will consider the most popular units of measurement, but we will not deepen much in this topic, since units of measurement go to the physics area. Today we are forced to explore some of the physics, since we need to be necessary for further study of mathematics.

Design of lesson

Length measurement units

For measuring the length, the following units of measurement are intended:

millimeters;
centimeters;
decimeters;
meters;
kilometers.

millimeter(mm). Millimeters can be seen even in the middle, if you take a ruler we enjoyed at school every day

In a row, walking with each other, small lines is millimeters. More precisely, the distance between these lines is equal to one millimeter (1 mm):

centimeter(cm). On the lineup each centimeter is marked with a number. For example, our lineup, which was in the first drawing, had a length of 15 centimeters. The last centimeter on this line is highlighted by a number 15.

In one centimeter 10 millimeters. There can be a sign of equality between one centimeter and ten millimeters, since they denote the same length:

1 cm \u003d 10 mm

You can make sure that if you consider the number of millimeters on the previous figure. You will find that the number of millimeters (distances between lines) is 10.

The next unit of length measurement is decimeter (DM). In one decimeter ten centimeters. There can be a sign of equality between one decimeter and ten centimeters, since they denote the same length:

1 dm \u003d 10 cm

You can verify this if you consider the number of centimeters in the following figure:

You will find that the number of centimeters is 10.

The next unit of measurement is meter (m). In one meter ten decimeters. There can be a sign of equality between one meter and ten decimeters, since they denote the same length:

1 m \u003d 10 dm

Unfortunately, the meter can not be illustrated in the picture, because it is quite vigorous. If you want to see the meter alive, take roulette. It is in everyone in the house. On the roulette, one meter will be designated as 100 cm. This is because in one meter ten decimeters, and in ten decimeters a hundred centimeters:

1 m \u003d 10 dm \u003d 100 cm

100 It turns out the transfer of one meter to centimeters. This is a separate topic that we look at a little later. In the meantime, we turn to the next unit of measuring the length, which is called a kilometer.

Kilometer is considered the largest unit of length. Of course, there are other older units, such as a megameter, a gigameter terameter, but we will not consider them, because to further study mathematics, we have a fair and kilometer.

One kilometer thousand meters. There can be a sign of equality between one kilometer and a thousand meters, since they denote the same length:

1 km \u003d 1000 m

Kilometers are measured by distances between cities and countries. For example, the distance from Moscow to St. Petersburg about 714 kilometers.

International System Units

The international system of SI units is some set of generally accepted physical quantities.

The main purpose of the international system of UN units is the achievement of agreements between countries.

We know that the languages \u200b\u200band traditions of the countries of the world are different. Nothing to do nothing. But the laws of mathematics and physics are equally working everywhere. If in one country "twice two will be four", then in another country "twice two will be four."

The main problem was that there are several units of measure for each physical size. For example, we have now found out that millimeters, centimeters, decimeters, meters and kilometers have existed to measure length. If several scientists speaking on different languageswill gather in one place to solve any task, then such a large variety of length measurement units can generate between these scientists of contradictions.

One scientist will declare that in their country the length is measured in meters. The second one can say that in their country the length is measured in kilometers. The third can offer its unit of measure.

Therefore, an international system of UN units was created. Si is an abbreviation from french phrases Le Système International D'Unités, SI (which translated into Russian means - International System Units).

The most popular physical quantities are given in Si and each of them has its own generally accepted unit of measurement. For example, in all countries, when solving problems, it was agreed that the length will be measured in meters. Therefore, when solving tasks, if the length is given in another unit of measurement (for example, in kilometers), then it must be translated into meters. About how to translate one unit of measure to another, we will talk a little later. In the meantime, I draw your international system of SI units.

Our drawing will be a table of physical quantities. Every studied physical quantity We will include in our table and specify the unit of measurement, which is adopted in all countries. Now we have studied the units of length and learned that meters are defined in the system SI system. So our table will look like this:

Mass measurement units

Weight is a value indicating the amount of substance in the body. The people are called weight in the people. Usually, when we are weighed, they say "It weighs so much kilogram" Although we are not talking about weight, but about the mass of this body.

At the same time, weight and weight are different concepts. Weight is the force with which the body acts on the horizontal support. Weight is measured in Newton. And the mass is the value showing the amount of substance in this body.

But there is nothing terrible if you call a body weight weighing. Even in medicine they say "Human weight" Although we are talking about the mass of man. The main thing to be aware that these are different concepts

For measuring the mass, the following measurement units are used:

milligrams;
grams;
kilograms;
centners;
tons.

The smallest unit of measurement is milligram(mg). Milligigram most likely you never apply in practice. They are used by chemists and other scientists who work with small substances. It is enough for you to know that such a unit of mass measure exists.

The next unit of measurement is gram(d). In grams, it is customary to measure the number of one or another product when compiling a recipe.

In one gram thousand milligrams. There can be a sign of equality between one gram and a thousand milligrams, since they denote the same mass:

1 g \u003d 1000 mg

The next unit of measurement is kilogram(kg). A kilogram is a generally accepted unit of measure. It is measured by anything. Kilogram is included in the SI system. Let us turn on another physical quantity in our table si. She will be called "Mass":

One kilogram of a thousand grams. There can be a sign of equality between one kilogram and thousandth grams, since they denote the same mass:

1 kg \u003d 1000 g

The next unit of measurement is centner(C). In centners it is convenient to measure the mass of the harvest assembled from a small area or a lot of some cargo.

In one centner hundred kilograms. There can be a sign of equality between one centner and a hundred kilograms, since they denote the same mass:

1 C \u003d 100 kg

The next unit of measurement is ton(T). In tons, large loads and masses of large bodies are usually measured. For example, mass spacecraft or car.

In one ton of a thousand kilogram. Between one tonne and thousand kilograms, you can put a sign of equality, as they denote the same mass:

1 t \u003d 1000 kg

Units of time measurement

What time I think to explain is not needed. Everyone knows what the time is and why it is necessary. If we open the discussion on what time is and try to give it a definition, we will start to delve into philosophy, and this is not necessary for us. It will be better from the time measurement units.

For measuring time, the following units of measurement are intended:

seconds;
minutes;
clock;
day.

The smallest unit of measurement is second (from). Of course, there are fewer units such as milliseconds, microseconds, nanoseconds, but we will not consider them because this moment This makes no sense.

In seconds, various indicators are measured. For example, for how many seconds an athlete will run 100 meters. The second is included in the International System System for Measurement of Time and is indicated as "C". Let us turn on another physical quantity in our table si. She will be called "time":

minute(m). One minute 60 seconds. Between one minute and sixty seconds, you can put a sign of equality, because they denote the same time:

1 m \u003d 60 s

The next unit of measurement is hour(h). One hour 60 minutes. Between one hour and sixty minutes you can put a sign of equality, as they indicate the same time:

1 h \u003d 60 m

For example, if we studied this lesson one hour and ask us how much time we spent on his study, we can respond in two ways: "We studied a lesson one hour" or so "We studied lesson sixty minutes" . In both cases, we will reply correctly.

Next time measurement unit is day. In days 24 hours. Between one day and twenty-four hours you can put a sign of equality, as they denote the same time:

1 day \u003d 24 hours

Did you like the lesson?
Join our new group VKontakte and start receiving notifications about new lessons

All-Russian classifier units of measurement

All-Russian classifier units of measurement (Okay) It is part of the Unified System of Classification and Coding of Economic and Social Information of the Russian Federation (ECC).

Okay Designed for use in addressing the tasks of a quantitative assessment of technical and economic and social indicators in order to implement state accounting and reporting, analysis and forecasting of the development of the economy, ensuring international statistical comparisons, the implementation of internal and foreign trade, state regulation of foreign economic activity and the organization of customs control. Classification Objects B. Okay are units of measure used in these areas of activity.

Placement date in the database 01.06.2009

The relevance of the classifier: including changes 7/2000, approved. State Standard of the Russian Federation

Showing 460 records

International Units of Measurement included in ECC

The code		Symbol
The code		national	international	national	international
Units of length
003	Millimeter	mM.	mm.	MM.	MMT.
004	Centimeter	cm	cm.	CM	Cmt.
005	Decimeter	dM	dM.	DM	DMT
006	Meter	m.	m.	M.	MTR.
008	Kilometer; Thousand meters	km; 10 ^ 3 m	kM.	Km; Thousand M.	KMT.
009	Megameter; Million meters	Mm; 10 ^ 6 m	MM.	Megam; M. M.	MAM.
039	Inch (25.4 mm)	inch	iN.	INCH	Inh
041	Foot (0.3048 m)	foot	ft.	FOOT	Fot.
043	Yard (0.9144 m)	yard	yd.	YARD	Yrd.
047	Sea Mile (1852 m)	mily	n Mile.	Mil	NMI
Units Square
050	Square millimeter	mm2	mM2.	Mm2.	MMK.
051	Square centimeter	sM2.	cm2.	SM2.	CMK.
053	Square decimeter	dM2.	dM2.	DM2.	DMK.
055	Square meter	m2.	m2.	M2.	MTK.
058	Thousand square meters	10 ^ 3 m ^ 2	dAA.	Thousand m2.	DAA
059	Hectare	h.	hA	H.	Har.
061	Square kilometer	km2.	kM2.	Km2.	KMK.
071	Square inch (645.16 mm2)	inch2.	in2	Inch2.	Ink
073	Square foot (0.092903 m2)	foot2	fT2.	Foot2	Ftk.
075	Square yard (0.8361274 m2)	yard2	yd2.	Yard2	Ydk.
109	AR (100 m2)	but	a.	AR	Are
Units of volume
110	Cubic millimeter	mm3.	mM3.	Mm3.	Mmq.
111	Cubic centimeter; milliliter	cm3; ml	cm3; ML.	Cm3; Ml	CMQ; MLT.
112	Liter; Cubic decimeter	l; DM3	I; L; DM ^ 3.	L; DM3	LTR; DMQ.
113	Cubic meter	m3.	m3.	M3.	MTQ.
118	Deciliter	dL	dL	DL	DLT.
122	Hl	gL	hl	GL	HLT.
126	Megalitra	Ml	ML.	Megal	MAL
131	Cubic inch (16387.1 mm3)	inch3.	in3	Inch3.	Inq
132	Cubic foot (0,02831685 m3)	foot3	fT3.	Foot3	FTQ.
133	Cubic yard (0,764555 m3)	yard3	yD3.	Yard3	YDQ.
159	Million cubic meters	10 ^ 6 m3	10 ^ 6 M3	M3 M3.	HMQ.
Units of mass
160	Hectogram	gG	hg.	GG	HGM.
161	Milligram	mg.	mG.	Mg.	Mgm.
162	Metric karat.	car	Ms.	Car	Ctm.
163	Gram	g.	g.	G.	GRM.
166	Kilogram	kg	kG.	Kg	KGM.
168	Ton; metric ton (1000 kg)	t.	t.	T.	TNE
170	Kiloton	10 ^ 3 t	kt.	Kt.	KTN.
173	Santigram	sG	cG.	SG	CGM.
181	Gross-register ton (2,8316 m3)	BT	-	Brutt. Register T.	GRT.
185	Load capacity in metric tons	t grp	-	T Delivery	CCT.
206	Centner (metric) (100 kg); hectocilogram; quintal1 (metric); Decitonna	c.	q; 10 ^ 2 kg	C.	DTN.
Technical units
212	Watt	T.	W.	T.	Wtt.
214	Kilowatt	kw	kw.	Kw	Kwt.
215	Megawatt; Thousand Kilowatt	MW; 10 ^ 3 kW	MW.	Megaut; Thousand kv	Maw.
222	Volt	IN	V.	IN	VLT.
223	Kilovolt	kv.	kv.	Kv.	Kvt.
227	Kilovolt ampere	sq.a.	kv.a.	Sq.a.	Kva.
228	Megavolt ampere (Thousand Kilovolt-Ampere)	MV.A.	MV.A.	Megav.A.	MVA.
230	Kilowar	kv	kvar	Kv	Kvr.
243	Watt-hour	VT.ch.	W.H.	VT.ch.	WHR
245	Kilowatt-hour	kWh.	kw.h.	KWh.	Kwh.
246	Megawatt hour; 1000 kilowatt-hours	MW.Ch; 10 ^ 3 kWh	Mw.h.	Megast.ch; Kvt.ch.	MWh.
247	Gigavatt-hour (Million Kilowatt-hours)	Gvt.ch.	Gw.h.	Gigavt.ch.	GWH
260	Ampere	BUT	A.	BUT	Amp
263	Ampere-hour (3.6 CD)	A.Ch.	A.H.	A.Ch.	AMH
264	Thousand amp-hours	10 ^ 3 A.Ch	10 ^ 3 A.H	Th.	Tah.
270	Pendant	CL	C.	CL	COU.
271	Joule	J.	J.	J.	JOU.
273	Kilodzhoule	kJ.	kJ.	KJ.	Kjo.
274	Oh.	Oh.	<омега>	Oh.	OHM.
280	Degree Celsius	grad. C.	grad. C.	Grade Celsius	Cel
281	Degree Fahrenheit	grad. F.	grad. F.	Grad Fareng	Fan.
282	Kandela	cD	cD	CD	CDL
283	Lux	lK	lX	LK	LUX
284	Lumen	lM	lM.	LM	LUM.
288	Kelvin	K.	K.	TO	Keel
289	Newton	N.	N.	N.	New
290	Hertz	Hz	Hz.	Hz	Htz.
291	KHz	kgz	khz.	Kgz	Khz.
292	Megahertz	MHTS	MHz.	Megagz	MHz.
294	Pascal	PA	PA	PA	PAL
296	Siemens	Cm	S.	S.	Sie.
297	Kilopascal	kpa	kpa.	Kpa	Kpa.
298	Megapascal	MPa	MPA	Megap	MPA
300	Physical atmosphere (101325 PA)	atm	aTM	Atm	ATM
301	Technical atmosphere (98066.5 PA)	aT.	aT.	Att	ATT.
302	Gigabekkel	GBK.	GBQ.	Gigabk	GBQ.
304	MILLIKI	mc.	mCI	Mc.	MCU.
305	Curie	Ki.	CI	Ki.	CUR
306	Gram of dividing isotopes	g d / and	g Fissile Isotopes.	G diving isotope	GFI
308	Millibar	mB	mBAR.	Mbar	MBR
309	Bar	bar	bar	BAR	Bar
310	Hectobar	gB	hbar	Gbar	HBA.
312	Kilobar	kB	kbar.	Kbar	KBA
314	Farad	F.	F.	F.	Far
316	Kilogram on cubic meter	kg / m3.	kG / M3.	Kg / m3.	KMQ.
323	Beckel	BK	BQ.	BK	Bql
324	Weber	Vb	WB.	Vb	Web.
327	Node (mile / h)	ultrasound	kN.	Ultrasound	Knt.
328	Meter per second	m / S.	m / S.	M / S.	MTS.
330	Turnover per second	rF / S.	r / S.	RF / S.	RPS
331	Turnover per minute	rpm	r / MIN.	Rpm	RPM.
333	Kilometer per hour	kM / C.	kM / H.	KM / C.	KMH
335	Meter for a second squared	m / s2.	m / S2.	M / s2.	MSK.
349	Pendant per kilogram	CL / kg	C / KG.	CL / kg	Ckg.
Units of Time
354	Second	from	s.	FROM	SEC.
355	Minute	min.	mIN.	Min.	MIN.
356	Hour	c.	h.	C.	HUR.
359	Day	day; DN	d.	Day; DN	Day.
360	A week	week	-	Week	Wee.
361	Decada	dec	-	Dec	Dad
362	Month	mes	-	Mes	MON.
364	Quarter	quart	-	QUART	Qan.
365	Half year	half a year	-	Poligody	SAN
366	Year	r; years	a.	YEAR; YEARS	Ann.
368	Decade	denet	-	Denet	DEC
Economic units
499	Kilogram per second	kg / s	-	Kg / s	KGS.
533	Ton steam per hour	t pairs / h	-	T pairs / h	TSH.
596	Cubic meter per second	m3 / S.	m3 / S.	M3 / S.	MQs.
598	Cubic meter per hour	m3 / C.	m3 / H.	M3 / C.	MQH
599	Thousand cubic meters per day	10 ^ 3 m3 / day	-	Milk m3 / day	TQD.
616	Spool	bean	-	BEAN	NBB.
625	Sheet	l.	-	SHEET	Lef.
626	Hundred sheets	100 liters	-	100 sheet	CLF.
630	Thousand standard conditional bricks	thousand Stan Sl. Kirp	-	Thousand St. Kirp Stand	MBE
641	Dozen (12 pcs.)	dozen	DOZ; 12	DOZEN	DZN.
657	Product	ed	-	Ed	NAR
683	One hundred jackets	100 shr.	HBX	100 shits	HBX
704	Set	set	-	SET	SET.
715	Couple (2 pcs.)	par	pR; 2.	Par	NPR.
730	Two dozen	20	20	2 Des.	SCO.
732	Ten par	10 Par	-	Des par	TPR
733	Dozen Par	dozen Par	-	Dozen Par	DPR
734	Parcel	promise	-	Promise	NPL
735	Part	part	-	PART	NPT.
736	Roll	rULES	-	RULES	NPL
737	Dozen rolls	dozen Rul	-	Dozen Rul	Drl
740	Dozen pieces	dozen pcs	-	Dozen pcs	DPC.
745	Element	element	CI	Element	NCL
778	Packaging	pack	-	Pack	Nmp
780	Dozen packaging	dozen pack	-	Dozen pack	DZP.
781	One hundred packs	100 pack	-	100 pack	CNP.
796	Thing	pC	pC; one	PC	PCE; NMB.
797	One hundred pieces	100 pieces	100	100 PIECES	Cen.
798	Thousand pieces	thousand pieces; 1000 pcs	1000	Thousands of thousands	Mil.
799	Million pieces	10 ^ 6 pcs	10^6	Million pieces	Mio.
800	Billion pieces	10 ^ 9 pcs	10^9	Billion pcs	MLD.
801	Billion pieces (europe); Trillion pieces	10 ^ 12 pcs	10^12	Bill PC (Heb); Trill pcs	Bil.
802	Quintillan pieces (Europe)	10 ^ 18 pcs	10^18	Quint pcs	TRL
820	Mass alcohol fortress	crepe. Alcohol by weight	% MDS.	Crew alcohol	ASM.
821	Alcohol fortress in volume	crepe. Alcohol in volume	% vol.	Crew alcohol	ASV.
831	Clean liter (100%) alcohol	l 100% alcohol	-	L pine alcohol	LPA
833	Pure hectoliter (100%) alcohol	CH 100% alcohol	-	Gl chopped alcohol	HPA.
841	Kilogram of hydrogen peroxide	kg H2O2	-	Kg hydrogen peroxide	-
845	Kilogram 90% dry substance	kg 90% s / in	-	Kg 90 percent dry	KSD.
847	Ton 90% dry substance	t 90% s / in	-	T 90 percent dry	TSD.
852	Kilogram of potassium oxide	kg K2O.	-	Kg Potassium oxide	KPO.
859	Kilogram of potassium hydroxide	kg Kon.	-	Kg potassium hydroxide	KPH.
861	Kilogram Nitrogen	kg n.	-	Kg nitrogen	KNI
863	Sodium hydroxide kilogram	kg Naoh.	-	Kg sodium hydroxide	KSH.
865	Pyatokyi kilograms phosphorus	kg P2O5	-	Kg five-poin phosphorus	KPP.
867	Kilogram uranium	kg u.	-	Kg uranium	Kur.

National Units of Measurement included in ECC

The code	Name unit of measure	Symbol		Code lettering
The code	Name unit of measure	national	international	national	international
Units of length
018	Raman meter	rm. M.		M.
019	Thousand robust meters	10 ^ 3 M.		Thousands M.
020	Conditional meter	sl. M.		Sl M.
048	Thousand conditional meters	10 ^ 3 SL. M.		Thousand thousand
049	Kilometer of conditional pipes	kM SL. pipe		Km Sl Tern
Units Square
054	Thousand square decimeters	10 ^ 3 dm2		Milk dm2
056	Million square decimeters	10 ^ 6 dm2		Million dm2.
057	Million square meters	10 ^ 6 m2		Mill M2.
060	Thousand hectares	10 ^ 3 ha		Millet
062	Conditional square meter	sl. m2.		Usl m2.
063	Thousand Conditional Square Meters	10 ^ 3 SL. m2.		Thousand m2.
064	Million Conditional Square Meters	10 ^ 6 SL. m2.		M7 M2.
081	Square meter common Square	m2 Society. PL		M2 total PL
082	Thousand square meters of total area	10 ^ 3 m2 Society. PL		Thousand m2 common
083	Million square meters of total area	10 ^ 6 m2 Society. PL		M2 M2. Commonly pl
084	Square meter of residential area	m2 lived. PL		M2 lived PL
085	Thousand square meters of living space	10 ^ 3 m2 lived. PL		Thousand m2 lived
086	Million square meters of residential area	10 ^ 6 m2 lived. PL		M2 M2 lived
087	Square meter of educational and laboratory buildings	m2 uch. Lab. Zdan		M2 Uch. Baby Zdan
088	Thousand Square Meters of Laboratory Buildings	10 ^ 3 m2 uch. Lab. Zdan		M2 Uch. Lab Zdan
089	Million square meters in two-millionth calculation	10 ^ 6 m2 2 mm isch		Million m2 2mm
Units of volume
114	Thousand cubic meters	10 ^ 3 m3		Thousand thousand
115	Billion cubic meters	10 ^ 9 m3		Billion m3
116	Devalitra	dC		DC
119	Thousand decalitrov	10 ^ 3 df		Thousands of thousands
120	Million Decalitrov	10 ^ 6 df		Million DCK
121	Tight cubic meter	dense m3.		M3 dense
123	Conditional cubic meter	sl. m3.		Sl M3.
124	Thousand Conditional Cubic Meters	10 ^ 3 SL. m3.		Thousand M3.
125	Million Cubic Gas Processing Meters	10 ^ 6 m3 recreation. Gas		M3 M3 Process of Gas
127	Thousand dense cubic meters	10 ^ 3 dense. m3.		Thousand dense m3
128	Thousand half-liters	10 ^ 3 Paul. L.		Thousand men
129	Million half-length	10 ^ 6 floor. L.		Million Paul L.
130	Thousand liters; 1000 liters	10 ^ 3 l; 1000 L.		YOU SL
Units of mass
165	Thousand karats metric	10 ^ 3 car		Thousands of thousands
167	Million Carats metric	10 ^ 6 car		Milli Car
169	Thousand tons	10 ^ 3 t		Th.
171	Million tons	10 ^ 6 t		Mul T.
172	Ton of conditional fuel	t SL. Top		T Sil Thal
175	Thousand tons of conditional fuel	10 ^ 3 tons Top		Thousand tel
176	Million Ton of Conditional Fuel	10 ^ 6 tons. Top		Million tons
177	Thousand tons of one-time storage	10 ^ 3 tonpr. chrov		Thousand t units
178	Thousand tons of processing	10 ^ 3 t recreation		Thousand thousand
179	Conditional ton	sl. T.		Usl T.
207	Thousand centners	10 ^ 3 c		Thousand C.
Technical units
226	Volt-ampere	V.A.		V.A.
231	Meter per hour	m / C.		M / C.
232	Cylolaria	kkal		Kkal
233	Gigakloria	Gkal		Gigakal
234	Thousand gigacalry	10 ^ 3 Gcal		Thoms gigakal
235	Million gigacalry	10 ^ 6 Gcal		Mul Gigakal
236	Caloea per hour	cal / Ch		Cal / Ch
237	Cylolaria per hour	kcal / Ch		Kcal / Ch
238	Gigakloria per hour	Gkal / Ch		Gigakal / Ch
239	Thousand Gigakalories per hour	10 ^ 3 Gcal / h		Thousand gigakals / h
241	Million Ampere hours	10 ^ 6 A.Ch		Million A.Ch.
242	Million Kilovolt amp	10 ^ 6 sq.a		Mul sq.A.
248	Kilovolt amp jet	sq.a R.		Sq.a R.
249	Billion kilowatt-hours	10 ^ 9 kWh		Billion kvch
250	Thousand kilovolt amp of reactive	10 ^ 3 sq.a p		Thousand sq.a R.
251	Horsepower	l. from		LS.
252	Thousand horsepower	10 ^ 3 l. from		Thousand thousand
253	Million horsepower	10 ^ 6 l. from		Million LS.
254	Bit	bit		BIT
255	Byte	bai.		BYTE
256	Kilobyte	krib		Krib
257	Megabyte	MB		MB
258	Baud	baud		BAUD
287	Henry	GN		GN
313	Tesla	TL		TL
317	Kilogram per square centimeter	kg / cm ^ 2		Kg / cm2
337	Millimeter water column	mm waters. Art		MM Water Art
338	Millimeter mercury pillar	mm RT. Art		MMHG
339	Centimeter of water column	see Water. Art		Cm water art
Units of Time
352	Microsecond	iSS		ISS
353	Millisecond	mLS		MLS
Economic units
383	Ruble	rub		RUB
384	Thousand rubles	10 ^ 3 rub		THOUSAND ROUBLES
385	One million rubles	10 ^ 6 rub		Million rubles
386	Billion rubles	10 ^ 9 rub		Billion rubles
387	Trillion rubles	10 ^ 12 rub		Trill Rub.
388	Quadrillion rubles	10 ^ 15 rub		Quad rub
414	Passenger kilometer	pass.Km.		Pass.Km.
421	Passenger seat (passenger seats)	pass. places		Pass Sex
423	Thousands of passenger kilometers	10 ^ 3 Pass.Km		Thousand km.
424	Million Passenger Kilometers	10 ^ 6 Pass. KM		Million Pass.Km.
427	Passenger traffic	pass		Pass
449	Ton-kilometer	t.km.		T.km.
450	Thousand ton kilometers	10 ^ 3 tkm		Thus TCM
451	Million ton kilometers	10 ^ 6 tons km		Million tkm.
479	Thousand sets	10 ^ 3 set		Thousand set
510	Grams for kilowatt-hour	g / kvch		G / kvch
511	Kilogram on gigacalria	kg / gkal		Kg / gigakal
512	Ton number	town		Town
513	Avtotonna	auto T.		Auto T.
514	Ton traction	ttta		T traction
515	Deadweight-ton	deadweight.t.		Deadweight.t.
516	Tonnid	t.tanid		T.tanid
521	Square meter	chel / m2.		Chel / m2.
522	Square kilometer man	chel / km2		Chel / km2
534	Ton per hour	t / ch		T / ch
535	Ton per day	t / Sut.		T / Sut.
536	Ton in shift	t / shim		T / shim
537	Thousand tons per season	10 ^ 3 t / season		Thousand t / season
538	Thousand tons per year	10 ^ 3 t / year		Thousand t / year
539	Man-hour	cher.ch.		Cher.ch.
540	Man-day	man.dn.		Man.dn.
541	Thousand man-days	10 ^ 3 people		Thousand days
542	Thousand man-hours	10 ^ 3 people		Thousand people
543	Thousands of conditional cans in shift	10 ^ 3 SL. Bank / Sen.		Thousands bank / shift
544	Million units per year	10 ^ 6 units / year		Million units / year
545	Visit to shift	visiting / shift		Visiting / shift
546	Thousands of visits to shift	10 ^ 3 visits / shift		Thousand pay / shift
547	Couple in shift	par / shift		Par / shift
548	Thousand couples in shift	10 ^ 3 pairs / shift		Thousand couples / shifts
550	Million tons per year	10 ^ 6 t / year		Million t / year
552	Ton processing per day	t Perebrab / day		T Perebrab / day
553	Thousand Tons of Processing per day	10 ^ 3 t recreak / day		Thousand TRub / day
554	Centner recycling per day	c Perera / day		C Perera / day
555	Thousand Centners Processing per day	10 ^ 3 C Peresk / day		Thousands of recreation / day
556	Thousand goals per year	10 ^ 3 goal / year		Thousand goals / year
557	Million goals per year	10 ^ 6 goal / year		Million goal / year
558	Thousand birds	10 ^ 3 poultry		Thousand birds
559	Thousands of Navy	10 ^ 3 chickens. Neshem		Milkheads. Neshem
560	Minimal salary	min. wages. Platter		Min wages
561	Thousand tons of couple per hour	10 ^ 3 t pairs / h		Thousand couple / h
562	Thousand spinning spindles	10 ^ 3 stranded		Thousands of millet
563	Thousands of spinning seats	10 ^ 3 PRED.MES		Thousand people
639	Dose	dose		Dose
640	Thousand doses	10 ^ 3 doses		Thousand thousand
642	Unit	elf		Elf
643	Thousand units	10 ^ 3		Thousand
644	Million units	10 ^ 6		Million food
661	Channel	channel		CHANNEL
673	Thousand kits	10 ^ 3 sets		Millet complex
698	A place	places		Places
699	Thousands of places	10 ^ 3 places		Thousand
709	Thousand numbers	10 ^ 3		Thousand
724	Thousand hectares of portions	10 ^ 3 hectares		Thousand thousand thousand
729	Thousand bucks	10 ^ 3 Pach		Milf pasac
744	Percent	%		Percent
746	PROMILLE (0.1 percent)	pROMILL		PROMILL
751	Thousand rolls	10 ^ 3 steers		Thousand
761	Thousands of Become	10 ^ 3		Thousand Stan.
762	Station	stan		Stan
775	Thousand Tubes	10 ^ 3 Tubes		Thubs Tubes
776	Thousand conditional tubes	10 ^ 3 Sl.Tub		Thousand mines Tuba
779	Million packaging	10 ^ 6 pack		Million pack
782	Thousand packages	10 ^ 3 pack		Thousands of Pack
792	Human	person		Person
793	Thousand man	10 ^ 3 people		Thousand people
794	Million man	10 ^ 6 people		Million people
808	Million copies	10 ^ 6		Million ecz
810	Cell	bar		Bar
812	Box	lasch		Lasch
836	Head	goal		GOAL
837	Thousand Par	10 ^ 3 pairs		Thousand par
838	Million par	10 ^ 6 pairs		Million par
839	Set	kombl		Kombl
840	Section	sex		Sex
868	Bottle	boot		Boot
869	Thousand bottles	10 ^ 3 Booth		Thousand thousand
870	Ampoule	ampoules		Ampoules
871	Thousand ampoules	10 ^ 3 ampoules		Thousand ampoules
872	Bottle	flak		Flak
873	Thousand bottles	10 ^ 3 Flak		Thousand Flak
874	Thousand Tubes	10 ^ 3 tube		Thousand thousand
875	Thousand boxes	10 ^ 3		Thousands of thousands
876	Conventional unit	sl. elf		Second
877	Thousand conditional units	10 ^ 3 SL. elf		Thousand mines
878	Million conventional units	10 ^ 6 SL. elf		Million Used
879	Conditional piece	sl. PC		Sl Sl
880	Thousand conditional pieces	10 ^ 3 SL. PC		Thousand pieces
881	Conditional bank	sl. bank		Second Bank
882	Thousands of conventional cans	10 ^ 3 SL. bank		Thousands of mines bank
883	Million conventional cans	10 ^ 6 SL. bank		Million USA Bank
884	Conditional piece	sl. sir		Slav Cous
885	Thousand conditional pieces	10 ^ 3 SL. sir		Thousand so
886	Million conventional pieces	10 ^ 6 SL. sir		Million Usl Cry
887	Conditional box	sl. Lasch		Sl Slav
888	Thousand conventional boxes	10 ^ 3 SL. Lasch		Thousand mines
889	Conditional coil	sl. Cat.		Sl Cat.
890	Thousand conditional coils	10 ^ 3 SL. Cat.		Thousand kat.
891	Conditional tile	sl. plates		Sloves slab
892	Thousand conventional tiles	10 ^ 3 SL. plates		Thousand soil plates
893	Conditional brick	sl. Kirp		Slav Kirp
894	Thousand conditional bricks	10 ^ 3 SL. Kirp		Thousand mines Kirp
895	Million conventional bricks	10 ^ 6 SL. Kirp		Million Sil Kirp
896	A family	families		FAMILIES
897	Thousand families	10 ^ 3 families		Thousand families
898	Million family	10 ^ 6 families		Million families
899	The household	domkhodoz.		Domkhodoz.
900	Thousand households	10 ^ 3 DomKhoz		Thousands of thousands
901	Million households	10 ^ 6 Domkhoz		Million DOMSOMOZ.
902	Student	scientific places		School of seats
903	Thousands of students	10 ^ 3 scientists. places		Thousand scientists
904	Workplace	slave places		Slave
905	Thousands of jobs	10 ^ 3 slave. places		Thousand million
906	Planting place	posad. places		Posad Seek
907	Thousand seating	10 ^ 3 Posad. places		Thousand Posads
908	room	nom		Nom
909	Flat	quart		QUART
910	Thousand apartments	10 ^ 3 quart		Kvkt
911	Koyka.	cotek		Cotek
912	Thousand kid	10 ^ 3 beds		Milk kid
913	Tom of book fund	tom Book. fund		Tom Branches Fond
914	Thousand Tomov Book Fund	10 ^ 3 volume. Book. fund		Thousand volume books fund
915	Subject repair	sl. rem		Usl Rem.
916	Conditional repair per year	sl. Rem / year		Usl Rem / Year
917	Change	shift		Shift
918	Author's sheet	l. Avt.		Sheet Avt.
920	List printed	l. furnace		Leaf furnace
921	List accounting and publishing	l. Uch.-ed		Sheet uch.izd.
922	Sign	sign		SIGN
923	Word	word		WORD
924	Symbol	symbol		SYMBOL
925	Conditional trumpet	sl. pipe		Sl Tern
930	Thousand plates	10 ^ 3 Plast		Mil flight
937	Million dose	10 ^ 6 doses		Million doses
949	Million leaf-writing	10 ^ 6 sheet.ottisk		Million list.ottisk
950	Wagon (car) -d	wAG (MASH).		WAG (MASH).
951	Thousand Wagon - (Machine) -	10 ^ 3 VAG (MASH).		Thousands of thousands
952	Thousand car - (machine) -kilometers	10 ^ 3 WAG (MASH). CMM		Thousand kmmkm
953	Thousands of kilometers	10 ^ 3mest.Km.		Thousand km.
954	Wagon-day	vag.Sut		Vag.Sut
955	Thousand train-hours	10 ^ 3 train.ch		Thousand thousand
956	Thousand Train Kilometers	10 ^ 3 train.km		Thousand thousandkm.
957	Thousand ton miles	10 ^ 3 T.mil		Thousand thousand
958	Thousand Passenger Miles	10 ^ 3 Pass. Mile		Thousand thousandmil
959	Car-day	avtob.dn.		Avtob.dn.
960	Thousand ton-day car	10 ^ 3 Autob.t.DN		Thousands cars
961	Thousand car-clock	10 ^ 3 Automotob		Thousands of thousands
962	Thousand car-place-days	10 ^ 3 Avtob. Mest. DN		Thousands of thousands. DN
963	Posted hour	rES.H.		RES.H.
964	Aircraft - kilometer	airplane		Airplane
965	Thousand kilometers	10 ^ 3 km		Kilometers
966	Thousand Tonnage Flights	10 ^ 3 tonnage. flight		Milk tonnage. FLIGHT
967	Million ton miles	10 ^ 6 tons miles		Million T. Mil
968	Million Passenger Miles	10 ^ 6 Pass. Mil		Million passes. Mil
969	Million tonnage miles	10 ^ 6 tonnage. Mil		Mul tonnage. Mil
970	Million passenger-place-miles	10 ^ 6 Pass. places. Mil		Million passes. Places. Mil
971	Foru-day	feed. DN		FEED. DN
972	Centner feed units	c food		C food
973	Thousand kilometers cars	10 ^ 3 car. KM		Thousands of thousands KM
974	Thousand tonnage-day	10 ^ 3 tonnage. Sut		Milk tonnage. Sut.
975	Song-day	sUGO. SUT.		SUGO. Sut.
976	Pieces in the 20-foot equivalent (DFE)	pieces in a 20-foot equivalent		Pcs in 20 foot equiv
977	Channel kilometer	channel. KM		CHANNEL. KM
978	Channel ends	channel. end		CHANNEL. End
979	Thousands of copies	10 ^ 3 copies		Thousands
980	One thousand dollars	10 ^ 3 dollar		Thousand dollar
981	Thousand tons of feed units	10 ^ 3 feed		Thousand tons
982	Million tons of feed units	10 ^ 6 food		Million t food
983	Ship-day	court		Court

International units of measure not included in ECC

The code	Name unit of measure	Symbol		Code lettering
The code	Name unit of measure	national	international	national	international
Units of length
017	Hectometer		hM.		HMT.
045	Mile (authorized) (1609,344 m)		mile.		SMI
Units Square
077	Acre (4840 square yards)		aCRE.		Acr
079	Square mile		mile2.		Mik.
Units of volume
135	Liquid oz SK (28,413 cm3)		fL OZ (UK)		Ozi.
136	Jill SK (0.142065 DM3)		gILL (UK)		GII.
137	Pint SK (0.568262 DM3)		pt (UK)		PTI
138	CCQ (1,136523 dm3)		qt (UK)		Qti.
139	Gallon SC (4,546092 dm3)		gAL (UK)		GLI
140	Bushel SK (36,36874 DM3)		bU (UK)		BUI
141	US fluid ounce (29,5735 cm3)		fL OZ (US)		Oza.
142	Jill USA (11,8294 cm3)		gILL (US)		Gia.
143	Liquid Pinta USA (0.473176 DM3)		liq Pt (US)		Ptl
144	Liquid US quart (0.946353 dm3)		liq Qt (US)		Qtl.
145	US Liquid Gallon (3,78541 DM3)		gAL (US)		GLL
146	Barrel (oil) USA (158,987 dm3)		barrel (US)		BLL
147	Dry US Pint (0,55061 dm3)		dRY PT (US)		Ptd.
148	Dry Quart Quarters (1,101221 DM3)		dry Qt (US)		Qtd.
149	Dry Gallon USA (4,404884 DM3)		dry Gal (US)		Gld.
150	Buchel USA (35,2391 DM3)		bU (US)		BUA.
151	Dry Barrel USA (115,627 DM3)		bBL (US)		Bld.
152	Standard		-		WSD.
153	Cord (3.63 m3)		-		WCD.
154	Thousands of borders (2.36 m3)		-		MBF.
Units of mass
182	Non-register ton		-		NTT.
183	Omnic (freight) ton		-		Sht.
184	Displacement		-		DPT.
186	Pound SC, USA (0,45359237 kg)		lB.		Lbr.
187	Ounce of SC, USA (28,349523)		oz.		Onz.
188	Drachma sk (1,771745)		dr.		DrI
189	GRANSK, USA (64,798910 mg)		gN.		Grn.
190	Stone SK (6,350293 kg)		st.		Sti
191	Quarter SC (12,700586 kg)		qtr.		Qtr.
192	CENTAL SK (45,359237 kg)		-		CNT.
193	Centner USA (45,3592 kg)		cWT		CWA
194	Long centner SC (50,802345 kg)		cWT (UK)		CWI
195	Short ton of SK, USA (0.90718474 t)		sht.		STN.
196	Long ton of SK, USA (1,0160469 t)		lt.		LTN.
197	Scrupul SK, USA (1,295982)		sCR.		SCR.
198	Pennyweight SC, USA (1,555174)		dWT.		DWT.
199	Drachma sk (3,887935)		dRM.		DRM.
200	Drachma USA (3,887935)		-		DRA
201	Ounce of SK, USA (31.10348); Troyan oz		apoz.		APZ.
202	Troy pound USA (373.242 g)		-		LBT.
Technical units
213	Effective power (245.7 watts)		B.H.P.		BHP.
275	British thermal unit (1,055 kJ)		BTU.		BTU.
Economic units
638	Gross (144 pcs.)		gR; 144.		GRO.
731	Big Gross (12 Grossov)		1728		GGR.
738	Short standard (7200 units)		-		SST.
835	Gallon alcohol installed fortress		-		Pgl
851	International unit		-		Niu.
853	One hundred international units		-		Hiu.

Unit of measurement. Electrical values \u200b\u200band units of their measurement

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

2. Units of the International System

3. Units that are not included in C

4. Rules for the formation of decimal multiple and dolly units, as well as their names and designations

5. Rules for writing designations of units

ATTACHMENT 1

Rules for the formation of coherent derivatives of units

ATTACHMENT 2

The ratio of some non-system units with si units

ATTACHMENT 3

ATTACHMENT 4

Information details of GOST 8.417-81 ST SEV 1052-78

Specific volume

Density, incl. bulk

Linear density

Surface density

Line speed

Mass flow

Volumetric flow

Specific volume flow

Sorbate consumption (for example, Cl 2) when filtering through a layer of sorbent (for example active coal)

Specific gravity

Water pressure

Pressure loss during filtering

Work, Energy, Number of Heat

Surface density of thermal flux

Dynamic viscosity (viscosity coefficient), η.

Kinematic viscosity, ν.

Dose of radiation

Permeability of porous media (including rocks and minerals)

The dimensions of the particles, grains (granules) of filter materials on the SI and standards of other countries

Mass fraction

Concentration of solutions and solubility

Volumetric concentration

Molar concentration

Molant concentration

Normal solution

Equivalent

Contents in water suspended impurities, transparency and turbidity of water

Dry and calcined residue

Decimal multiple and dolle units of measurement values

Length measurement units

International System Units

Mass measurement units

Units of time measurement

All-Russian classifier units of measurement

International Units of Measurement included in ECC

Units of length

Units Square

Units of volume

Units of mass

Technical units

Units of Time

Economic units

National Units of Measurement included in ECC

Units of length

Units Square

Units of volume

Units of mass

Technical units

Units of Time

Economic units

International units of measure not included in ECC

Units of length

Units Square

Units of volume

Units of mass

Technical units

Economic units