Mikhail Lermontov - a sail (whites Sail lonely): verse. Linguistic analysis of the poem M.Yu
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Other materials for creativity Lermontov M.Yu.
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This is a Lermontov poem to you familiar, but we will try to read it in a new, deeper level, as they have reread already in this academic year « Poor Lisu.»Karamzin," Mount Mind "Griboedov, Tarasa Bullba Gogol," Captain's Daughter "Pushkin and other works of Russian classics and how to dwell to repeat the" Hero of Our Time ".
When Lermontov created his "sail", he was seventeen years old, almost as much as you now. HO is a sharp system of opposition, the collision of polar images, which passes through all the poem, cannot be explained only by youth maximalism; No, such was the artistic picture of the world, which was established in the work of Lermontov from the very beginning and then only deepened, while maintaining the constant basis.
White sail is lonely
In the fog of the sea blue! ..
What is looking for in the country far?
What threw him in the edge of his native? ..
If you are familiarized, the most fluent reading we notice that the first two lines of this stanza give an objective picture, the intention of the poet with the tradition of landscape lyrics is associated. The main thing here is color; White sails and blue sea, likened fog. Only the epithet "lonely" and an unexpected punctuation sign at the end of the period (exclamation point plus) indicate an emotional connection between the landscape and the lyrical hero, its sincere experience.
It would seem that while everything is built very simply, the image arises almost life-like. Ho then, after reading the following two lines, transmitting the subjective state of the poet, we "rearly" note the important circumstance that at first slip away from our reader attention. The fact is that in the landscape description, the same type of path, poetic speech turnover: a sign of a whole was transferred to a part. We are not talking about the ship and the sea, but about the sail and about the "fog of the sea." The savage of the lyrical hero addresses issues that in everyday speech can only be attributed to the ship itself: "What is looking for? What threw? " HE can sail nothing to "throw" or "Search"! Moreover, composite intake (anaphor), used in the third and fourth rows, emphasizes the contrast, the torn of feelings lyrical herowho are akin to the obscure desire of sails in the depths of the sea puchin. No wonder to the most "noticeable" place, in the position of the rifle ending, the words-Antonyms "distant" - "native" were delivered.
One of the secrets of this short poem is and concluded that much in it is deceptive, illusory. Rereading again the first storm, thinking in her artistic meaning, we begin to doubt: what actually describes the lyrical hero? Real Sea and Real Ship? Or does he only fix in bright images of the vague excitement of his soul? So far, we can not give a final answer, for this you need to listen, to look at the artistic meaning of the following stanz.
Play waves - the wind is risening,
And the mast bends and creak ...
The first stanza (pay attention!) Ended a double question, and the second one is nevertheless opens at all by answering! The fifth and sixth lines of the poem return the reader to the "picture", to the description of the sea and the sail. The answer is proposed only in the seventh and eighth lines:
Alas, he does not seek happiness
And not from happiness runs!
Again, the same composite reception is applied: the first two rows of the stanza send us to the laws of landscape lyrics, the last two to the tradition of a lyrical monologue. Ho and landscape, and the monologue is now captured by a single lyrical element. The hero of the poem is so emotionally, so "sympathy" speaks of the pursuit of the sail that we are almost ready to make the final conclusion: this is not a sail "Happiness is not looking for / and not from happiness runs"; This hero of Lermontov is striving for something anxious, maybe even the tragic, but the majestic, executed by the real romantic energy, Bayronovsky individualism. So I want to say: between the hero and the way of sails - a complete identity, they merge indistinguishable.
Only one artistic circumstance keeps us from the final withdrawal: it is not clear in this case, why were they generally divided? Why did Lermontov limited himself only to an allegoric landscape, through which a careful reader would be easily distinguished by the movement of the mental life of the poet himself? Or only a lyrical monologue, a direct confession of his lyrical hero? Why did he need such a difficult game, why did he prefer to balance on the dangerous face of two different genres? To figure out, read in the last storm:
Under it a jet of light lazuries,
Above him ray of the sun Golden ...
And he, rebellious, asks the storm,
As if there are peace in the storms!
Again, Lermontov resorts to the admission of unity, anphors to emphasize: until now, all the images of the poem lined up "horizontally", now they are "vertical" exploits, from sea depths to heavenly heights. We see and a bright jet under the White "sail", and sunlight over him; A rebellious gust of sails to a bora immediately acquires an universal scale. However, something fundamentally new appears. The lyrical hero, Lermontov, still sympathizes the sail and his impulse, but still somewhat is separated from those romantic experiences that the sail personifies, looks off on all directions from the outside. In the last two lines of the poem, a shade of bitterness appears; The lyrical hero of the poet at the same time and shares the individualistic protest, and his doomed is conscious. Final exclamation point ("As if there is peace in the storms!") It does not transmit a feeling of delight, but real drama.
And then the time is to compare Lermontov poem with one of the lyrical masterpieces of Pushkin, the poem "time, my friend, it's time: the rest of the heart asks ...":
... There is no happiness in the world, but there is peace and will.
For a long time enviable dream of me the share -
Long ago, tired slave, I knew
In the abode of long-range work and clean Neg ...
Lermontov "Sail" and Pushkin poem clearly overlap with each other; Motives of happiness, anxiety, peace - in the center of both works. Ho coincide poets only in one thing: in relation to the familiar world, from which both they are "running." In all other things, they are different to the opposite. Maudded, even the tired intonation of the Pushkin poem so unlike the energetic, with all its drama, the intonation of the Lermontov work. Pushkin's lyrical hero refuses to raise the rebellion against reality, which he does not accept; He wants to retire from her to the kingdom of privacy, in the field of peace of mind, at the limits of the family (the poem is not necessary to be addressed to his wife). The lyrical hero of Lermontov, on the contrary, reversal against excessive rest of reality, even if it is beautiful, the golden light is performed. He rushes forward - without a goal, for the sake of the impulse itself, although he understands all the doomes of such a gust.
It is easy to assume that Lermontov consciously looked at the experience of the Great Predecessor, a poetic dispute was led to him. Especially since we reliably know: Lermontov in the "sail" AUCHED with verses of contemporary poets; The first line "Belleet Sail Lonely" is completely borrowed from the famous romance of the 1820-1830s A. Bestumeva-Marlinsky. We have already said that there is nothing strange in such "borrowings" that the Russian lyrics felt themselves by the participants of a large, endless poetic conversation. HO Pushkin poem dates usually 1834; It was printed and later. So, creating its "sail" in 1832, the seventeen-year-old poet could not argue with the picture of the world depicted by the predecessor. (As, for example, Pavel Katenin was poetically argued with the ballads of Zhukovsky.) Moreover, I could not argue with Lermontov Pushkin; He did not even have time to learn about the existence of a new great poet. Just both of them almost simultaneously appealed to the traditional then poetic opposition storming. And they offered unexpected art decisions that each of them was suggested by his unique life-free.
The romantic poem "Sail" was written in 1832. Forced to leave Moscow and university, Lermontov leaves for St. Petersburg and once, wandering on the shore Finnish GulfHe writes this poem, as evidenced by M. Lopukhin, in a letter to which Lermontov sent the first version of the poem.
Composition. The poem consists of three stanza, which are built on one model: The first and second line draw a picture of nature, and the third and fourth - depict the inner state of the lyrical hero observing the sail.
In the philosophical poem "Sail" rises one of the main topics of Lermontov lyrics - subject loneliness. In the first stanza, two central images - a sail and a lyrical hero - unites keyword "alone". A lonely sail attracts the attention of the lyrical hero to its loneliness, because alone and he himself. In the second stanza, the sail as if approaching the eyes of the viewer. Feel the game of waves, whistling wind and creaking mast maybe only under the sail, in the ship itself. That is, the lyrical hero, as it were, moved to the open sea and manages the wind. Why is it for him? Maybe salvation from solitude in the fight against the elements? But he does not run away from happiness, which was not in his tormented soul, and not looking for happiness in the ocean. The keyword becomes "alas", expressing a feeling of disappointment, showing that anywhere in the world can be found happiness, since this is the state of the soul, and not the state of the world. In the third stanza, the picture of the surrounding world is extremely harmonious, bright and bright. In it and the "jet of light lazuries", and the "Golden Sun Ray". But this picture is contrasting the state of the lyrical hero. "As if" appearing in the last verse demonstrates the illusion of the search for happiness and attempts to escape from himself. The lyrical hero of Lermontov suffers from the bell not only with the world around the world, but also with himself.
The poem "Sail" was written by the young Lermontov in 1832 during a walk along the coast of the Gulf of Finland. This was crowded period In the life of the poet. He threw his studies at Moscow University and moved to St. Petersburg. Lermontov thinking about its present and future reflected in the work.
The genre of the work is a lyrical poem with a deep philosophical meaning.
The main idea of \u200b\u200bthe work
The main idea of \u200b\u200bthe work is the symbolic identification of the sail with the lyrical hero itself. The author does not indicate directly to the hero, it is easy to guess. main topic - loneliness and dissatisfaction with the usual atmosphere. Like a sail in the boundless sea, the hero leaves the native land with an unconscious thirst for a search that has no particular purpose. This reflected the feelings of Lermontov related to moving to St. Petersburg. He radically changed his life without having a solid support in the future.
The thrust for the permanent change of impressions, the desire to escape from the suction rate of ordinary life is characteristic of young people. In the soul of Lermontov, this desire was significantly increased due to the creative nature of the poet. Like a restless sail, he also wants a "storm" in a calm sea. The poet wishes energetic decisive actions in a serious danger. Permanent traffic - an integral line of living full life man. It lies the purpose and meaning of life. Movement in itself, by Lermontov, justifies human existence. Achieving some specific "earthly" goals recently in relation to it.
In the poem there is a motive of proud loneliness, which will continue to be seriously developed by the poet. The elevation of the Creator over the crowd will be one of the main ones of mature creativity Lermontov.
Composition
The poem consists of three stanz. Each quatrain is divided into two parts. The first two lines are devoted to the description of specific items and natural phenomena (sail, sea, mast). The third and fourth lines are a philosophical retreat, in which the image of the lyrical hero is visible.
The size of the work is a four-stranded yamb with cross rhyme.
Expressive means
Lermontov uses a variety of epithets ("lonely", "native", "golden"), personification ("Play waves"), metaphors. The central characters of the poem - the sail and the sea, which are similar to the person on his vast life path.
To enhance expressiveness, the poet also uses rhetorical issues in the first stanza and exclamation in the second and third.
The main idea of \u200b\u200bthe work is the poet's attempt by comparing and reflections to understand your own stormy soul. The rebellious spirit of Lermontov asks outward, it is closely in the existing public framework. The poem loudly declares independence human personality. Therefore, it has gained great popularity in the revolutionary and democratic part of society.
Plan Analysis of the poem Parus Lermontov
- History of creation.
- Genre of the work
- The main topic of the work
- Composition.
- Size of the work
- The main idea of \u200b\u200bthe poem
Before us is amazing in terms of its image and
expressive poem can be
Epigraph to the entire Lermontov lyrics.
N.M.Shansky.
Sail
White Sail Lonely
In the fog of the sea blue! ..
What is looking for in the country far?
What threw him in the edge of his native? ..Play waves, the wind is risening,
And the mast bends and creak ...
Alas, he does not seek happiness,
And not from happiness runs!Under it a jet of light lazuries,
Above him ray of the sun Golden ...
And he, rebellious, asks the storm,
As if there are peace in the storm!
The poem "Sail" was written by M.Yu.Lermontov in 1832. These twelve lines are familiar to everyone cultural man. They are taught by heart in childhood, love all his life and do not forget to deep old age. The poem has long come to the treasury of the Great Art of the Word as one of the most brilliant lyrical works.
"Sail" is a poetic reflection of the real feelings and thoughts of eighteen years old Lermontov, nothing has been invented in it, everything was born as needed to express independent state At the time of steep turning, it is so short and such a bright life.
Recall when and how the poem was written. Forced to leave Moscow University, Lermontov moved to St. Petersburg to continue their studies. However, he did not have to study in the metropolitan university. Thinking what to do, he wanders in confusion in St. Petersburg and its surroundings. During these walks, the poet often turns out to be at the Gulf of Finland. Here is a poet and wrote a "sail". He reported this in a letter M.A. Hallophina.
The poem consists of three quarters, and in its semantic essence consists of six intermittent two hundred: every two first lines of stanza contain a description of the objective reality (sea and sails), every two last - reflections on this occasion of the poet. The poetic canon "Sails" is the image of the "Sea - Life".
Lermontov enjoys to designate the life of a traditional poetic manner of the sea, which symbolizes various peripetics of life (its disasters, changes, excitement), and the sail is a symbol of man abandoned in everyday life.
The formulations of the "sail" of the stanza are made up of antithesis for their landscape and psychological intended purpose. The main heroes of the work are opposed to each other (sail, poet, on the one hand, and the real, life of the sea - on the other).
To enhance the artistic expression of Lermontov applies all types of repeats, anaphor, synonymy.
A special role in the poem belongs to the verbs, that part of speech, the main importance of which is the expression of the dynamics, variability.
1st Quarterly: Sail - beleet, looking for, threw
2nd Quarterly: Sail - " mast bend and crept "
3rd Quatrasion: Sail - " asks storms "
In the 1st and 3rd quatrasion of verbs, i.e. Dynamics, movements, in the pictures of nature there. Everywhere reigns peace. What is the sail? He - as opposed to -ronized by the desire for not peace, movement.
2nd stanza. Nature, the sea come to life. And the sail is also full of speakers. Voltage. The confrontation absorbs it entirely. And it was at that moment that the hero "happiness is not looking for and is not happy with happiness."
The artistic innovation of Lermontov in the organization of verbally-shaped material leads to the creation of a lyrical masterpiece, in which the poet accurately and simply expressed his feelings into one of the decisive moments of his life. The rebellious Lermontov is not waiting for the storm of life difficulties, but asks them, because, in his opinion, it was in them a peace, that is, contentment, prosperity and happiness.
Adjective rebellious Lermontov has a restless, anxious, rolling. The word "rebellious" is associated with the word "storm", which also experienced the influence of the era. Therefore, the poem "Sail", reaching readers, was perceived in society more widely and voluntarily, and they found a denial of the surrounding poet of reality, and revolutionary impulses.
We pay attention to the syntax of the poem. For "sails" are characterized by parallel structures:
or mirrored:
happiness is not looking - not from the bill run.
Interest the syntax of the last two lines of each quatrain:
What is looking for in the country far?
What threw it in the country of someone else's?
But instead of an answer to the first question in the next line, the reader finds a new question, which is also left unanswered.
When reading a poem, the presence of dots is immediately striking. These dots are called upon to divide the pause each of the three quit. Pause, which is indicated graphically ellipsis, carries a deep meaning. Landscape, quite real, can not merge with lines, painting the psychological state of the hero. Between them pause - ellipsis. It is such an arrangement of punctuation signs that helps the reader to understand the poem as deeply psychological and not to attach it to the landscape lyrics.
The famous poem "Parus" was written in 1832 in St. Petersburg. 17-year-old Lermontov created it during one of the walks on the shore of the Gulf of Finland. In the initial version, the first line sounded: "White Sail remote". The final version of this line was borrowed from the poem "Andrei, Prince Pereyaslavsky" A. A. Bestumev-Marlinsky.
Personal experiences of the young men were reflected in the poem. Shortly before that, he left Moscow University, leaving the dream to become a philologist. At the insistence of his beloved grandmother Lermontov moved to Petersburg, intending to enter junker school. Before entering, a young man reflected a lot about his past and possible future fate - these thoughts and feelings have formed the basis of the work.
The poem of the young poet is distinguished by not only bright imagery, melodiousness and poetic beauty, but also reflected in it the depth of experiences and feelings, the amazing maturity of thought.
Composite poem consists of three stanz. Composition The sail and lyrical character clearly separates: in each stubborn, the two first lines draw a changing sea landscape, and the two subsequent lines display the inner state and the feeling of the lyrical hero observing the sail. Lermontov uses a dot for separating the description of nature and rows devoted to the psychological state of the hero.
Images of poem allegoric. To refer to life, the poet used the traditional sea image, symbolizing the life of the peripetics, and the sail is the symbol of the person himself, his soul. The "sail - sea" conflict goes into a conflict "Man - Life". The man thrown into the life of the sea is infinitely alone among the same people flying in it.
In the first stanza, the images of the sail and the lyrical hero are united by the word "loneliness." The loneliness of the hero is caused by disappointment in life, bitterness of some loss; He is asking a painful question: how to achieve inner harmony.
In the second stanza, the hero is looking for salvation from loneliness in the fight against the elements, but, "alas", a meeting with a storm does not bring happiness - it is impossible to find happiness from the outside, it is concluded inside a person.
In the third stubborn, the Hero's harmonious picture of the world seeks to gain peace of mind in the renewal of life, in a cleansing boos.
As well as the motive of solitude, Lermontov raises in the "sail" invariably interested in its topic - the problem of the purpose and meaning of human being.
"Sail", being a lyrical novel genru, refers to landscape symbolic poems and has a deep philosophical meaning. Landscape in the work displays inner world poet.
The poem is written by a four-stranded yamb using cross-country rhymma (The first and third lines of each stanza ends with female rhythm, for the second and fourth rows, a male rhyme is applied).
To strengthen the artistic expression of Lermontov applies repeats in the "sail", including AnaFor ( what looks like he threw), syntactic parallelism, inversion ( sail lonely, far away, in the fog of the sea blue). The poet is widely used by personification ( the wind is risening, waves play), metaphors ( jet of light lazuries), epithets ( ray of Sun Golden). Saturation of verbs gives a poem dynamism. For the transmission of contrast, on which the composition of the poem, Lermontov resorts to antithesis ( the country is distant - the edge of his native, threw - looking).
For the image of the changing painting of the sea landscape, the poet uses sound resistance: in the first stanza, with the help of the predominance of Sounds "L", "N", "M", "P", the effect of measuring wave swaying during the calm is created; The change in the sea (noise of waves and whistle of the wind) is transmitted by prevailing the sounds of "C", "T", "SH", "H".
In poem B. the image of sails The poet himself is visible, his soul. "Sail" - the poem of Lermontov about himself, because the real poet always remains "Lonely" and "Rebellious", and his freedom-loving soul, full of disturbing disappointment, eager for eternal search, eager for a storm.
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