State language Suriname. History Suriname

Suriname is considered one of the most exotic countries in South America. Before traveling in Suriname, tourists "are armed" by a Dutch dictionary and passion for traveling. In this country they really speak Dutch, and opportunities for interesting adventures there are a lot. More than 80% of the territory occupy the tropical forests with mountains, reserves and national parks. In the north, on the shores of the Atlantic Ocean, there are multi-kilometer snow-white beaches.

Geography

Suriname is located in the northern part of South America. In the West, Suriname borders with Guyana, in the East - with French Guiana, and in the south - with Brazil. In the north, the country is washed by the waters of the Atlantic Ocean. total area - 163,821 square meters. km, and the total length of the state border is 1,707 km.

The country is geographically divided into two regions - coastal lowland in the north and tropical forests with savanna in the south. Most of the population lives in the north.

Two main mountain chains - Bakhuys Mountains and Van Asch Van Wijck Mountains. The highest local vertex - Juliana Mountain, whose height reaches 1,230 meters.

It should be noted that more than 12% of the territory of Suriname relate to national parks and reserves.

In the north-east of the country there is a Brokopondo reservoir, which flows the Suriname river. This is the largest water tank in Suriname.

Capital Suriname

Paramaribo - the capital of Suriname. More than 250 thousand people live in this city. Paramaribo founded the French in 1640.

Official language

Official language one - Dutch.

Religion

The prevailing religion is Christianity (Catholicism and various concessions of Protestantism). About 19% of the population - Muslims.

Suriname State Device

According to the 1987 Constitution, Suriname is the parliamentary republic, led by the president, elected by the local parliament for 5 years. The President is the head of government, he appoints the Cabinet of Ministers.

One-Parable Local Parliament is called National Assembly (consists of 51 deputies elected by the people for 5 years).

The main political parties are the coalition "Megacombinatie" and "National Front".

The administrative country is divided into 10 regions, each of which is headed by the Commissioner appointed by the President.

Climate and weather

The climate in Suriname is hot tropical. There are two dry seasons - from August to November and from February to April. In addition, there are two wet seasons - from April to August and from November to February. The most rainy month is May. In the dry season, the average air temperature is + 27.4C, and in the rainy season - + 23c.

The country is out of the hurricane zone, but there are very frequent shower, which leads to floods.

Sea and oceans Suriname

In the north, the country is washed by the waters of the Atlantic Ocean. The length of the sea coast is 386 km. The average temperature of the sea at the shore - + 26c.

Rivers and lakes

The largest water reservoir in Suriname is a Brokopondo reservoir, which flows the Suriname river. This reservoir is located in the north-east of the country.

Culture

The culture of Suriname was formed under the influence of the Dutch, as well as immigrants from Indonesia and India. The result was a multicultural society. Suriname architecture, for example, has a Dutch colonial character, although sometimes the influence of South American traditions is noticeable. Most notably the impact of the South American architectural traditions in the Cathedral of St. Peter and Paul, which was built of wood in the XIX century.

The multicultural nature of Surinames society is reflected in the diversity of local holidays and festivals. In this country, Christian, Indian, Hindu and Muslim holidays are celebrated.

Each year before Easter in Paramaribo, a festive parade Avond Vidhagse is held, which is ongoing for four more days. Another grand Suriname celebration celebrates from December to January. These are Christmas and New Year's festivities that pass almost a month across the country.

In rural areas, parents still choose partners for their children. Almost always partners for marriage are chosen from one ethnic group. Even after marriage, a woman in Suriname cannot claim equal social status with her husband.

Kitchen Suriname

The cuisine of Suriname is quite noticeably different from culinary traditions that are in other countries of South America. This country colonized the Dutch. Indonesians, Hindes and Chinese were delivered to work on the plantations. These workers made their favorite dishes from local ingredients. Gradually, the culinary traditions of all these groups were mixed, resulting in modern Kitchen Suriname.

The main feature of local cuisine is a wide use of fish, seafood, vegetables and fruits. Other main foods - maniacs, rice, potatoes, lentils, corn, bananas. When cooking, pepper, garlic, onions, ginger and cumin are often used.

Tourists recommend trying "POM" (chicken with vegetables), "Pastei" (Creole Chicken Pie), "Dhal" (Stewed Meat with Lentils), Curry Chicken, Vegetables with Walnut Sauce, "Bakbana" (Roasted Plantain with Walnut Sauce), "Goedangan" ( vegetable salad With coconut sauce), "Bojo Cake" (Made with Coconut and Manioh), "Phulauri" (fried lentils).

Traditional non-alcoholic beverages - fruit and vegetable juices, tea, coffee.

Traditional alcoholic beverages - ginger beer, rum.

Suriname sights

Historical and cultural attractions in Suriname are not very much. But there are many architectural attractions and national Parkswho occupy, by the way, more than 12% of the country's territory.

In the coastal area of \u200b\u200bthe couple there is a Yoodensavanne plantation, which is founded by Portuguese Jews in the XVII century. In general, in the area there are a lot of medieval plantations, where thousands of tourists come every year.

Suriname National Parks and Reserves are of great interest among tourists - the Central Reserve of Suriname (16 thousand square meters. Km.), Brownsberg National Park, as well as Real Falls-Folzberg and Galibe Reserves (4 thousand hectares of the rainforest).

Cities and resorts

The largest Suriname city is Paramaribo (more than 250 thousand people live in it). The remaining local cities in Western standards are not very large. Thus, the population of Lelidorpa is more than 20 thousand people, and about 16 thousand people live in Nyiv-Nickery.

Since in the north, Suriname is washed by the waters of the Atlantic Ocean, then it is clear that there should be beautiful snow-white beaches in this country. Almost all 386-kilometer coast and occupy the beaches. Unfortunately, the tourist infrastructure is not developed there.

Tourists in Suriname offer exciting excursion adventure tours, during which they visit the villages of local residents, national parks, reserves, try traditional local dishes.

Souvenirs / Shopping

Tourists in Suriname buy products of folk crafts, local clothes, shoes, hats, handmade jewelry, local alcoholic beverages.

Work hours of institutions

Banks:
Mon-Fri: 07: 30-14: 00

The shops:
Mon-Fri: 07: 30-16: 30
Sat: 07: 30-13: 00

Visa

Ukrainians for visiting Suriname must be issued a visa.

Currency

Surinames dollar - official monetary unit in Suriname. Its international designation is SRD. One Surinames dollar \u003d 100 cents. Credit cards are common. Only some large hotels and travel agencies accept credit cards.

Customs restrictions

The import and removal of the local currency is limited by the amount of 150 Suriname dollars per person. Foreign currency in the amount of more than $ 10 thousand needs to be declared.

It is forbidden to import drugs, pornography, vegetables and fruits. It is allowed to import pets from Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. The import of firearms and ammunition must be obtained by the resolution of the Suriname police.

The export of archeology objects, antiquities and art needs to be obtained. It is impossible to export without a special resolution of the product from the shells of sea turtles.

Useful phones and addresses

Suriname Embassy in the Netherlands:
Alexander GoGelweg 2, 2517 JH The Hague
T: 31 70 365 0844

The interests of Ukraine in Suriname represents the Embassy of Ukraine in Brazil:
SHIS, QI-06, CONJUNTO-04
Casa-02, Lago Sul, CEP 71615-040 Brasilia-DF
Brasil.
T: (8 10 5561) 3365 1457
El. post office: This email address is protected from spam bots. You must have JavaScript enabled to view.

Emergency phones
115 - all emergencies

Time

Looms from Kiev for 6 hours. Those. If, for example, in Kiev 13:00, then in Paramaribo - 07:00.

Tip

Hotels and restaurants are usually added to a service charge in the amount of 10-15%.

Medicine

Doctors recommend to tourists before the trip to Suriname to be vaccinated against yellow fever, diphtheria, hepatitis A and B, malaria, tetanus, rabies and typhoid. The risk of malaria disease is high throughout the year in southern regions, and in coastal areas and in the city of Paramaribo there is practically no such risk.

Safety

IN lately In Suriname, the number of minor crimes increased, mostly thefts. Therefore, tourists are recommended to comply with reasonable security measures.

The coast is open X. Columbus in 1499. In 1551, Dutch merchants founded a factor on the banks of the river. Suriname. From the end of the XVI century. - alternately possession of Spain, the UK, the Netherlands (under contract with the United Kingdom in exchange for New Amsterdam - the territory of present-day New York.). Since 1866 - Netherlands Guiana ; From November 25, 1975 - independent Republic of Suriname ; Head of State - President; legislative power from nat. Assembly.
OK. half of the territory on S. occupies Gwiang., partially marshy, with pondars along the coast, protected from flooding with the ocean dams and drainage channels. On Y. - Gwiang Plateau. (Vilhemina, 1280 m). The climate is subequatorial, hot and constantly wet. Cf.-month Texa 26-28 ° C. Precipitation 2000-3000 mm per year or more. The rainy period in April - August; The most dry - in September - November. Main rivers: Koranhein , Maroni (both border). Almost 90% of the territory occupies wet impassable equatorial forests (Selva) with valuable trees; on the coastal bottom. - Savannah, B.C. scorched under plantations; Along the shore - Mangra.
Population of 434 thousand people. (2001); Penate Nats. The composition (from the middle of the XVII century. African slaves were imported; after the abolition of slavery in 1863 - workers from India, China, Indonesia, and other countries): Indoopakistanisters 37%; Creoles 31%; Indonesian 15%; Africans 10%; Indians (Chap. Kariba) 3%, Chinese and Europeans (2%). Officer Language - Netherlands. Counties 49% (1995). Basis X-Va - bouxite mining. Pr-in alumina and aluminum. Food., Oil., Tab., Leather-shove., Text., Woodoob. Prom-st. Main villages.-Hoz. Cultures: rice (over 2/3 of arable land), sah. Cane, citrus, coffee, cocoa, bananas, coconut palm. Mol.-meat alive; fishing and shrimp; Preparation of valuable wood, guttaperch collecting with basty trees. Seaports: Paramaribo and Mongo. Intern the airport. Cash. - Surinames Gulden.

Dictionary modern geographical names. - Ekaterinburg: y-factor. Under the general edited by Acad. V. M. Kotlyakova. 2006 .

Republic of Suriname, the state in the northeast coast of South America. Until 1975, Suriname was the Netherlands colony and was called the Netherlands Guiana. In the west it borders with Guyana in the south - with Brazil, to the east - with Guiana (French), on the north by the Atlantic Ocean. Suriname coastline has a length of 360 km; From north to south, the country extends more than 400 km. The population of the country is 428 thousand people (1998). The capital and the only major city is Paramaribo (180 thousand inhabitants). Other significant cities - Nyiv-Nickeri, Albina and Mongo.
Nature.On the territory of Suriname, you can select the coastal Guiangian lowland, the belt Savannan and the belt of the tropical forests of the Gwianky Plateau.
Lowland guianensis in width from 25 km to the east and 80 km to the west is composed of alluvial and marine sands and clays. The surface is flat wetlands, places are crossed by coastal shafts and dissected by rivers. Separate forest arrays have been preserved. Small foci of agriculture are timed to coastal shafts and drained sections of the swamps.
South on the slopes of the Gwianky Plateau, the narrow belt Savannan is common. Soil here is low-grade, agriculture is poorly developed and is consumer.
Gwyan plateore is made by ancient crystalline rocks. The surface is largely covered with a wet rainforest. On a general smooth background, water-seated mountain arrays and ridges, especially the Wilhelmina mountains with the highest point of the country - Mount Juliana (1230 m). On the southern slopes of Highlands, in part located within Suriname, savannah reappear.
The country crosses four large riverscurrent in the northern direction: the coincidence on which part of the border with Guyana, Koppeenam, Gran Rio, and Maresein (the latter forms the border with French Guiana). For agriculture and transportation of goods, the Cottics and Commevene rivers, flowing into the R. Suin near her mouth, Saramakka, flowing in Koppenam also close to the mouth, and Nickery, the influx of the coat, are of great importance. Because of the court thresholds, it can be moved only within the coastal lowland, so until recently, the southern countries of the country were practically isolated from the outside world.
Climate Suriname is a subequatorial, wet and hot. The average monthly temperatures range from 23 ° to 31 ° C. The average annual precipitation of 2300 mm on the plains and more than 3000 mm in the mountains. There are two wet seasons (mid-November to February and from late March to mid-July) and two dry (shorter from February to mid-March, and longer from August to mid-November).
Population and society.In the 1990s, the annual increase in the population of Surinam was an average of 0.9%. About 90% of the population focused in coastal zoneFirst of all, in Paramaribo and its suburbs. In the inner areas, the population density is extremely low.
The birth rate in Suriname tends to decrease - from 26 per 1,000 in 1985-1990 to 18.87 per 1,000 in 2004. Mortality 6.99 persons by 1000. Thus, the natural population growth, of 1.7% per year, is one from the lowest in Latin America. At the same time, the actual increase in the population is significantly reduced due to emigration, sharply increased after 1950. By 1970, its level was 2% per year, by 1975, when the country received independence, it reached 10%. The new wave of emigration rose after political shocks 1980 and 1982. Total number Emigrants in the Netherlands by 1987 reached 180 thousand. In 1998, the level of emigration was 9 people per 1000. At the same time, immigration to the country remains very insignificant.
For Surinames society, a stratification for ethnic signs is characterized. According to 1997, 37% of the population of Surinam was Indians, descendants of immigrants who came to the country at the 19th century; 31% - blacks and mulatto, which in Suriname are called Colais; 15.3% - immigrants from Indonesia; 10.3% - so-called "Forest Negros", descendants of runaway slaves living in the internal regions of the country; 2.6% - Indians, indigenous inhabitants of the country; 1.7% - the Chinese; 1% - Europeans and 1.1% are representatives of other ethnic groups.
Creoles, constituting two thirds of the urban population, are resets mainly in Paramaribo and its suburbs. Indians are focused in the most productive agricultural areas. They constitute less than a quarter of the urban population. Indonesians are located in less fertile agricultural areas, they form a majority only in Commevene district, where they are used as hired workers on plantations. Indians and "Forest Negros" are mainly living in the inner areas of the country.
Ethnic distround of Suriname is manifested in the language. The official language is Dutch, but many residents of Suriname do not consider him a native language, and some do not know him at all. The language of inter-ethnic communication was born in the Negro-Mulatto medium, Schranan Tongo, in other words, Negro-Inglis, or Bastard-Inglish, also called current currents or Surinames. There are still at least 16 languages \u200b\u200bin the country, including Hindi, Indonesian, Chinese, two "forest blacks" - Aukan and Saramakkan, and at least four Indian languages.
The same diversity is observed in confessions. Christianity is represented by Protestant (mainly Moravian, 25.2%) and Roman Catholic (22.8% of adherents) churches. Indians confess Hinduism (27.6%) or Islam (19.6%). Most Indonesians are Islamists, a part of the population - Catholics. In Suriname there are supporters of Judaism and Confucianism. Negros practice syncretic African American cults, including elements of Christianity and the pagan rites of healing and the causing spirits.
The class structure of Suriname society is very blurred. The struggle for economic and political domination unfolds between various ethnic groups that dominate some areas of activity. However, class bundle is observed in ethnic groups. Thus, in the Negro Mulatskaya environment, a narrow layer of specialists who received European education, and government officials, as well as a wide lower layer of working low qualifications or at all are not unqualified. Indians in the first half of the 20th century. Installed control over agriculture, and after World War II began to actively master the city professions and now compete with other ethnic groups in all areas of the economy. Indonesians in general remain in second roles, forming a layer of agricultural hired workers. The Chinese, mostly occupied in the city retail, belong to the middle and senior grades, "Forest Negros" and the Indians living in the wilderness represent marginal groups.
In the 1980s in Suriname there was a reduction in programs social security. Netherlands and some religious communities take on the costs of medical care. The average life expectancy in Suriname in 1998 was 70.6 years (68 in men and 73.3 in women).
In Suriname, the mandatory education of children aged from 6 to 12 years has been proclaimed. Economic difficulties negatively affect the quality of education. In 1993, elementary schools attended 94% of children. At Suriname University (founded in 1968) and in other higher educational institutions In 1992, 4,400 students studied. Competently 93% of the adult population. If in 1975 there were 7 daily newspapers in the country, then in the late 1990s, only two ("West" and "Vare Tyd") remained, which are published in the Dutch.
Government and politics.In 1975, when Surinames received independence, a constitution was adopted, according to which the country was proclaimed by the Parliamentary Republic, the former Governor-General remained a formal president of the country, and the real executive authority passed to the Cabinet of Ministers. As a result of the military coup 1980, the Constitution was canceled. The new Constitution, approved on a universal referendum in 1987, provides for a nationwide election for a period of five years 51 deputy of the Legislative Body - the National Assembly, which in turn elects the President (head of state) and the Vice-President who heads the Cabinet of Ministers, which is appointed by the president himself. The President forms the State Council from 15 people - representatives of political forces, trade unions, business and military circles. The State Council provides recommendations to the Cabinet of Ministers and has the right to impose a veto on laws coming from the National Assembly. In practice, Lieutenant Colonel Desi Bautters, who made a coup in 1980 and the ruled country until 1987, enjoyed an almost unlimited authority as a state adviser, although his power was somewhat limited after resigning from the post of commander-in-chief of the army in April 1993.
The judicial system of Suriname includes the Supreme Court as part of the six judges appointed by the President, and the three lower courts. In administratively, the country is divided into 10 districts under the administrative representatives of the President: Brokopondo, Commevene, Koroni, Maresein, Niki, Couple, Paramaribo, Saramakka, Sipalivini and Vican.
After World War II, three political parties were formed in Suriname: the National Party of Suriname (founded in 1946), expressing interests of the small and medium national bourgeoisie of Creole origin, the Indonesian Party of National Unity and Solidarity (1947) and the United Hindus Party (1949, since 1969 called progressive The reform batch), uniting Indians. These essentially ethnic parties were banned after the public coup, perfect Bautters in 1980. In 1985, they left the underground and two years later, the coalition front for democracy and development led by Ronald Venetian was reached. The front initially opposed the National Democratic Party (NDP), founded by Bautters in 1987. In the same year, the Labor Party of Suriname appeared, which in 1991 joined the front who had won the election in 1987. Front on short term Lost power during a military coup in December 1990, but in the 1991 elections again won and led to the presidential post of Venetian. In 1996, NDP entered the coalition with the Indonesian party and a number of small parties and in the election led to the victory of his candidate. The new president was Yul Waydenbosx.
Economy.The economic development of the country was hampered by the small number of the population, the lack of comfortable roads and political instability. In 1996, Suriname GDP was $ 523 million, i.e. $ 1306 per capita (in the 1980s, GDP reached $ 1.08 billion). GDP reduction was associated with parisan war In the areas of bauxite mining, inept economy management, as well as a drop in demand and prices for bauxite and aluminum, main export products of Suriname. Bokuxite mining, which previously composed annually 80% of exports and 30% of GDP, fell to 70% of exports and 15% of GDP. In Suriname, the large-scale development of bauxite fields began after World War II: then more than 75% of bauxite was taken out of Suriname in the United States. Currently, OK is mined in Suriname. 4 million tons of bauxite per year, and it is among the ten largest global boxite manufacturers. The main deposits are concentrated in Paranama and Mongo in the north-east of the country. Bauxyte-producing industry is controlled by the American and Dutch companies. Bokuxte mining is highly mechanized, therefore less than 5% of the able-bodied population is employed in this industry. In the 1990s, Surinames exported ok annually. 300 kg of gold. The deposits of iron ore, copper, nickel, platinum, manganese and kaolin are divorced, but they are not developed.
In 1981, oil deposits were opened in Suriname. In 1997, its production reached 300 thousand tons and continues to grow rapidly. About 40% of crude oil is exported, the rest goes to the energy maintenance of alumina and aluminum. Thus, Surinam sharply reduced its dependence on other energy sources and imported energy sources (petroleum products and coal). In the 1960s, a hydroelectric power station was built in Afobak, which gives cheap electricity, which is used in the production of aluminum. There are a number of public and private thermal power plants in the country.
The industry of Suriname is generally poorly developed, so the country imports many industrial products of the essential, although it provides themselves with food. In addition to the extraction and processing of bauxite, Suriname produces drinks, tobacco products, shoes and cement.
60% of all the agricultural products of Suriname is rice, mainly from Nickery County. Under this culture is occupied by OK. 50 thousand hectares. The largest rice plantation is located near the Vageningen, it works in mainly Indonesians. However, minor farms are dominated in general. Among the agricultural products of Suriname, bananas, palm oil, coconuts, citrus, coffee, beef, chickens are distinguished. Sugar cane, former for centuries the basis of the colonial economy, now occupies a very modest place. The value of the extraction of shrimp and wood blanks is increasing.
In the period from 1983 to 1988, the unemployment rate according to official data reached 13.2%. In fact, this figure was even higher, especially in Paramaribo, where they flocked in search of earnings seasonal agricultural workers. Unemployment continued to remain a serious problem in the 1990s, marked with an economic downturn. In 1998, the share of employees amounted to 49% of the working-age population (100 thousand), of which 35% are employed in the private sector and 16% in state-owned companies. In the 1980s, due to the constant budget deficit, the country's foreign exchange reserves decreased significantly. The situation has improved since 1988, when Surinames began to receive financial assistance from the Netherlands, USA, EU, the World Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank.
In 1996, in Suriname, export revenues amounted to $ 457.7 million, import costs - $ 415.5 million. After boxites, alumina and aluminum, important export articles were rice, timber, bananas and shrimp. The latter are mainly exported in the United States (25%), the Netherlands and the EU countries. Suriname imports engineering products, oil, steel and rolling, agricultural products and consumer goods. 50% of imports comes from the United States, and the rest is from Brazil, the EU countries and the Caribbean community.
History.The indigenous inhabitants of Suriname lived in separate tribes in small settlements, producing food to hunting and primitive agriculture, the basis of which was the cultivation of rootepodes, mainly manica. Coastal tribes spoke in the languages \u200b\u200bof the Aravak family, Indians of the internal regions - in the Caribbean languages. The coast of Suriname opened Christopher Columbus in 1498 during the third expedition to the new light. However, the Spaniards and Portuguese for a long time did not try to colize this area. Only at the end of the 16th century. The British, the French and the Dutch began to show interest in Guiana, because rumors spread that there was a fabulously rich country of Eldorado. The Europeans did not find gold, but founded trading factors along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean.
The first permanent settlement was based on the R. Suin Dutch merchants in 1551. At the end of the 16th century. Suriname was captured by the Spaniards, in 1630, the British, which, then, in a peace treaty in Radelia (1667), gave way to Surinames of Holland in exchange for a new Amsterdam (current New York). Among the first colonists, Suriname had a lot of Dutch and Italian Jews who fled from the persecution of the Inquisition. In 1685 on R.Surinam, 55 km southeast of modern Paramaribo, they founded the colony of Yoostensavan (letters. Jewish savanna). Up to 1794, Suriname was under the control of the Dutch West-India company and since then remained the colony of the Netherlands (with the exception of two short periods in 1799-1802 and 1804-1814, when he was captured by the British).
The basis of the economy of the colony was a plantation economy. For work on the plantations, slaves from Africa were covered. Along with the main culture, sugar cane, on plantations they grown coffee and chocolate trees, indigo, cotton, grain crops. The plantation economy has expanded up to 1785. By this time, 590 plantations existed on the territory of Suriname; Of these, 452 cultivated sugar cane and other commodity crops, on other - cultures for internal consumption. At the very end of the 18th century. In the colony began decline. By 1860, only 87 sugar cane plantations remained there, and by 1940 there are only four.
In Suriname, as in other sugar producing colonies who used the work of slaves, a sharp bundle of society took place. At the highest level of the social hierarchy, there was a very small layer of Europeans, mainly colonial officials, major merchants and few planters. The Dutch prevailed in the European population, but were also Germans, the French and the British. Below this elite was layered by a layer of free creise, which included descendants from the marriages of Europeans with slaves and slaves who received or bought freedom. The lowest and most numerous category of society was slaves. Among them, slaves were distinguished from Africa led to 1804 and illegally up to 1820, and slaughters born in Suriname.
The slavery system in Suriname was distinguished by extreme cruelty. Slaves had no rights. Colonial laws were aimed at providing slave owners unlimited power over slaves and fully isolate the latter from the public. Therefore, slaves at each opportunity fled from their owners into the depths of the country and created settlements in the forests ("Forest Negros").
Since early 19 V. A campaign for the elimination of slavery has grown in Europe. After the British (1833), and then the French (1848) canceled slavery in their colonies, the Dutch decided to follow their example. However, the fear that liberated slaves would not want to work on plantations. Therefore, after the abolition of slavery, it was decided that slaves should work on former plantations for 10 years for a minimum fee. Decree on the abolition of slavery was adopted in 1863. After that, the liberated slaves faced the need to feed themselves and their families and poured into Paramaribo, where labor was better paid and it was possible to get an education. There they have replenished the average Creole layer of society, becoming servants, workers, merchants, and their descendants are even teachers of primary schools and minor officials. At the end of the 19th century Some Creoles went to the domestic regions of the country, where they were engaged in gold mining and rubber harvest. In the 1920s, Creolevs found work on bauxite mines, as well as emigrated to O.Kurasao (where they worked on refineries), in the Netherlands and the United States.
In search of labor for plantations, colonial authorities began to attract residents of Asian countries under the contract. In the period 1853-1873, 2.5 thousand Chinese were brought to Suriname, in 1873-1922 - 34 thousand Indians, in 1891-1939 - 33 thousand Indonesians. The descendants of these migrants now make up the majority of the population of Suriname. During World War II, in Suriname, there were many American soldiers, together with them there were also capital for servicing the US military bases.
For a long time, Suriname was governed by the governor appointed by the metropolis. With it functioned two councils elected by local electors and approved by the Dutch authorities. In 1866, these tips were replaced by parliament, but the governor retained the right to impose a veto on any decisions of this body. Initially, there was a strict property and educational qualities to participate in the elections, but as planners began to penetrate into the parliament, and after 1900 most of them have already been representatives of the higher and middle layers of Creole society. However, the electorate did not exceed 2% of the population until 1949, when universal eligible right was introduced.
In 1954, Suriname received autonomy as part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. At the same time, the metropolis was still prescribed the governor and controlled defense and foreign Policy Countries, and Surinames elected parliament and government.
After 1949 in the parties organized by the ethnic principle, Creoles acquired great influence. They created a coalition with Indonesians, who also speakers Surinam's independence, won the 1973 elections and formed the government headed by Prime Minister Henk Arron, the leader of the National Party of Suriname (NPS). Negotiations with the Netherlands were crowned with success, and on November 25, 1975 the independence of Suriname was proclaimed. Following it. 40 thousand Surinames of Asian origin emigrated to the Netherlands. The former metropolis pledged for 15 years to provide financial assistance to a young state in the amount of $ 1.5 billion. Before obtaining independence, there were two more political parties in Suriname: the Indian Progressive Party of Reforms and the Indonesian Party of National Unity and Solidarity.
Arron, re-elected in 1977, was accused of corruption and shifted from his post in 1980 as a result of a military coup, implemented by a group of army officers led by Lieutenant Colonel Desi Bautters. The National Military Council came to power, which by February 1982 dissolved the parliament, canceled the effect of the Constitution and sent to resign the last representative of the civil government of President Henk Chin and Sen. The latter, together with thousands of Surinames, emigrated to the Netherlands, where in order to combat the dictatorial regime formed a movement for the liberation of Suriname. The economic crisis has been added to the economic, due to the fall of world prices for bauxites. Economic losses only partly reimbursed with the money transfer of immigrants to their homeland.
After the military was tortured and killed 15 well-known citizens of the country, the Netherlands ceased financial assistance to Surinam. Under pressure from the internal and international community, the National Military Council in 1985 sanctioned the formation of a new parliament and removed the ban on political parties. After that, Arron entered the National Military Council renamed the Supreme Council.
In July 1986, with the support of the movement for the liberation of Suriname, several hundred easily armed "forest blacks" raised an uprising in the south and east of the country. Heading Ronnie Brunchweight, the former personal bodyguard Bauters, they formed a Suriname liberation army, designed to restore the constitutional order in the country. For several months, they destabilized the work of bauxite mines and oil refineries. Bautters accused of awareness of rebels among other government of the Netherlands and Suriname immigrants, which led to the rupture of diplomatic relations between Suriname and the Netherlands in early 1987. The Surinamese army tried to suppress the rebellion of cruel measures, often violating the rights of his own citizens and foreigners. This policy caused widespread discontent, and the population required the reforms. At the referendum in September 1987, 93% of voters voted for a new constitution.
At the parliamentary elections in November 1987, representatives of the Bautters party received only three deputies from 51, while the polyethnic front of the struggle for democracy and development - 40 seats. In January 1988, the President of the Indian origin of Ramsevak Shankar, the Vice-President and Prime Minister - Arron became the president. Bautters retained some powerful powers as the head of the Military Council, consisting of five members. Shankara's policy was aimed at improving relations with the Netherlands and the United States. The Netherlands began to assist Surinam, promising to pay $ 721 million within 7-8 years. Bexite mining resumed.
However, in December 1990, the military was dismissed civilian government and dissolved the National Assembly. Under pressure from the world community, the military was forced in May 1991 to hold elections with the participation of international observers. In these elections, 30 votes to parliament scored a coalition called a new front for democracy, which included three traditional ethnic parties, the front of the struggle for democracy and the development and Labor Party of Suriname. In September, a candidate from the National Party of Suriname Ronald R.Venetian; The Vice-President and Prime Minister became the leader of the Indian Progressive Party of Reforms Yul R. Aayody. Colonel Bauthers remained commander-in-chief of the army.
In August 1992, Venetian reached peaceful agreements with the rebels of the Suriname Liberation Army. Bautters as the commander-in-chief replaced Arti Gorera. In the first half of the 1990s, Surinames, together with some other Latin American countries, joined the path of liberal economic reforms. Venetian managed to curb inflation and establish relations with the Netherlands, which increased the financial assistance to Surinam and the investment in the economy. However, opposition by trade unions and the collapse of the coalition, the new front led to the defeat of Venetian in the elections in May 1996. The People's Democratic Party of Desi Bautters received more places in the National Assembly than any other party (16 out of 51), and in coalitions with Indian and Indonesian parties and with a number of small parties approved as president of his candidate Wayden Bosha. At the same time, the coalition turned out to be rather weak, and the new government could not put its legislative program in 1997-1998. Beyond Wayden Bosha stood Bautters. With it, Suriname turned into the main transshipment database of drugs on the way from Brazil, Venezuela and Colombia to the Netherlands and the United States. The police headed the nearest colleague Bauters Colonel Etienne Burenveen, who in the 1980s was convicted in Miami and served five years in prison for trade in cocaine. Another employee Bauthers, Henk Gudshalk, headed the Central Bank of Suriname. In August 1998, at the request of the Dutch government, Interpol issued an arrest warrant to Bautters on charges of drug business and financial fraud.

Encyclopedia Krugosvet. 2008 .

Suriname

Republic of Suriname
State in the north-east of South America. In the East borders the French Guiana, in the south - with Brazil, in the West - with Guyana. In the north is washed by the Atlantic Ocean. Country Area 163265 km2. Suriname consists of a swampy coastal plain about 80 km width and central plateau. In the south there are mountains, crumpled by dense forest. The main rivers of the country - Maroni, Kuratin and Koppenami.
The population of the country (estimated for 1998) is about 428,000 people, the average population density is about 2.6 people per km2. Ethnic groups: Hindus - 37%, Creoles - 31%, Indonesians (Yavantsi) - 15%, Maruna (descendants of runaway slaves) - 10%, Indians - 3%, Chinese - 2%, Europeans - 1%. Language: Dutch (State), Sarans-Tonga (Taki), English. Religion: Christians - 47%, Hindus - 27%, Muslims - 20%. Capital I. the largest city: Paramaribo (180,000 people). State structure - Republic. Head of State - President Roland Venetian (in office since September 16, 1991). Head of Government - Prime Minister Jules Ajodia (in office since September 16, 1991). The monetary unit is Surinames Gulden. The average life expectancy (for 1998): 68 years old - men, 73 years old are women. Birth rate (per 1000 people) - 22.5. The mortality rate (per 1000 people) is 5.8.
Before the arrival of Europeans, Surinames inhabited the tribes of Aravakov, Caribbean and Warrau. The first Europeans were the Dutch in 1581. In 1922, Surinames (at that time, Dutch Guiana) became part of the Netherlands, in 1954 received the status of an equal member of the Kingdom. On November 25, 1975, Suriname gained independence, after which about 40 thousand people emigrated to Holland. The country is a member of the UN, WHO, ILO, FAO, IMF, World Bank. Organizations of American states.
The climate of the country is tropical, wet. The average annual temperature is about 27 ° C. The rainy season continues from December to April, at this time the rains often cause floods.
The attractions include a museum with exhibits of archeology, culture and natural history in Paramaribo.

Encyclopedia: Cities and Countries. 2008 .

- State in the north-east of South America. In the East borders the French Guiana, in the south - with Brazil, in the West - with Guyana. In the north is washed by the Atlantic Ocean.

The name of the country comes from the ethnonym of the tribe of local Indians - Surin.

Official name: Republic of Suriname

Capital: Paramaribo

The area of \u200b\u200bthe land: 163.3 thousand square meters. KM

General population: 487 thousand people

Administrative division: The state is divided into 10 districts.

Form of government: Republic.

Head of State: President, elected for a period of 5 years.

Population composition: 37% - Indians, 31% - Creoles, 15% -Mavans, 2% - Marons, 2% - Chinese, 2% - Europeans.

Official language: dutch. Svann-Tongo (the most common language of interethnic communication, on the basis of English with borrowing from many languages \u200b\u200b- the so-called "Bastard-Inglish"), Hindi, Yavansky, Chinese.

Religion: 47% - Christians, 27% - Hindus, 20% - Muslims.

Internet domain: .sr.

Voltage in the power grid: ~ 127 V, 60 Hz

Country Code: +597

Climate

Sub-screen, hot and constantly wet. The average air temperature is about + 26 ° C and changes little throughout the year. Even at night, the temperature rarely decreases below + 24 ° C, and in the dry season can reach + 36 ° C in the shade. Permanent northeastern trade winds bring some coolness, but it only felt in the coastal zone.

The precipitation falls 2300-3000 mm per year, and rainy are about 200 days a year. The rainy season usually continues from November to January and from May to July (at this time rains often cause strong floods). Although Surinames lies outside the zone of hurricanes, in the rainy season, powerful shower with the wind "Sibibusi" (literally - "Forest Broom", such rains really often break up almost all the foliage from the trees), during which up to 300 mm water drops over several hours.

Geography

Almost all the territory of Suriname is a swampy coastal plain about 80 km. The width bounded by the central plateau. In the south there are mountains of Guiangsky Plateau, crouched by a thick subequatorial forest. The total area of \u200b\u200bthe country is 163, 3 thousand square meters. km.

For agriculture and transportation of goods, the Cottics and Commevene rivers, flowing into the Suriname River near her mouth, Saramakka, flowing in Coppenam also close to the mouth, and Nickery, the influx of the coat.

Because of the court thresholds, it can be moved only within the coastal lowland, so until recently, the southern countries of the country were practically isolated from the outside world.

Flora and fauna

Vegetable world

Gwyan plateore is made by ancient crystalline rocks. The surface is largely covered with a wet rainforest.

In the country very diverse vegetable world. Forests are located in mountainous areas and on the hills. Here are oak, pine and birch groves, white acacias, poplar, willow, as well as the riot of scarlet poppies.

On the coast, evergreen trees and shrubs, drinks and alpine pines, mastic trees, palm trees, stone and cork oaks, cypresses, cacti and agaves, plantations of cultivated plants: almonds, olives, citrus, grenades.

In the Alps in wide forests, Grab, chestnut, ash, beech grow in the alps. Among the fruit trees are vineyards, sowing of rye, potatoes, highly in the mountains are located coniferous-beech forests: fir, various types of spruce and pine, as well as alpine meadows.

Animal world

From representatives of the animal world on the territory of Suriname, monkeys, Jaguar, Puma, Tapir, Ants, Small deer, Barny, Crocodile, a large number of birds, snakes are inhabited. The landmark of the country is the endemic Suriname frog.

sights

Brownsberg National Park
Suriname Museum
Nickery
Bridge Jules Waydenbosa

Banks and currency

Suriname dollar (SRD, S $) equal to 100 cents. From January 1, 2004, the Suriname dollar, tied to the US dollar, was replaced by Suriname Gulden used before. In circulation there are banknotes with a par value of 100, 50, 20, 10 and 5 dollars and coins with a nominal value of 250, 100, 25, 10, 5 and 1 cent.

Although the Suriname dollar is considered the only legitimate payment facility in the country, in circulation you can still meet coins in Guldenah (their current nominal value should be calculated based on the proportion of 1000 Guldennes for 1 Surinames dollar), which are exchanged in the offices of the Central Bank of the country. Also almost everywhere you can pay US dollars.

Banks are open on weekdays from 7.00 to 14.00.

Exchange currency in banks and exchange offices. It is not recommended to change currency on the street (the risk of fraud), as well as in hotels, where the course is usually significantly lower than in exchange offices or banks. Currency exchange in many provincial banks often takes quite a lot of time and requires a number of documents. Almost all stores and institutions accept US dollars at the usual rate, many shops even indicate prices at the same time in Surinames, and in American dollars, although it is illegal.

Credit cards are accepted in most restaurants, in almost all hotels and many stores (American Express has the widest walking, MasterCard and Visa - slightly smaller). ATM ATM ATMs are quite common in the capital - they can be found both in banks and in the post offices of the central districts.

Travel checks can be cash in banks. To avoid additional costs for fluctuations in the exchange rate, it is recommended to take with you checks in the euro (they are accepted in all hotels and only at the official exchange rate) or US dollars.

Useful information for tourists

In restaurants it is customary to give a tip of about 10% of the amount of the account (taking into account the waiters - a poorly paid personnel category, so if you can afford to give tips, then the quality of service will be better, and the friendliness of the staff sincerely).

Taxi drivers do not require tip, although you can round the passage for travel for convenience or stipulate it (and especially the type of currency) in advance.

Shopping in the markets, especially handicraft products, will be accompanied by a mandatory bargaining, it is also possible to bargain in hotels, but only in the offseason or with a long stay.

Disabled without special resolution of items and things representing historical and artistic value, especially found at the bottom of the sea, unknown meat products, products from the grinding of sea turtles and feathers and hook of tropical birds and animals.

November 25, 1975 (from the Netherlands) Official language dutch Capital Paramaribo Largest cities Paramaribo Form of government Mixed Republic The president Desi Bauthers. Vice President Akshwin Adkhin Territory 90th in the world Total 163 821 km² % water surface. 1,1 Population Evaluation (2016) 585 824 people. (170th) Density 2.9 people / km² GDP TOTAL (2011) $ 3.79 billion (158th) Per capita 6765 dollars ICR (2013) ▲ 0,684 ( tall ; 100th place) Currency Suriname Dollar (SRD, 968) Internet domain .sr. ISO code Sr. IOC code SUR Telephone code +597 Time Zones -3

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Physico-geographical characteristics

Map Suriname

Geographical position

Tropical Suriname Forest

Suriname - the smallest state of South America. The country can be conditionally divided into two parts: north and south. In the north, the coast of the Atlantic, most of the population lives, the Earth is processed. In the south of the population, there is almost no, the territory is covered with savanna and tropical rain forests.

Relief

The south of the coastal strip is the hills of Guiangsky Plopowa, covered with savanna. Soils are mainly consisting of sand and clay, so unlikely for agriculture.

The inner southern part of Suriname is occupied by Guiang's plateorest, the highest point of which is Mount Julian (1230 m). This area of \u200b\u200bthe country is covered with an impassable separation and does not play a large role in the Suriname economy due to the lack of population, but is rich in a variety of flora and fauna.

Climate

Hydrography

Ecology

Condition of valuable trees for export leads to deforestation. Internal watercourses are strongly polluted in the process of mining.

The deforestation in Suriname remains one of the lowest among all countries of the Amazon region.

Political device

Surinames in the form of the Board is a republic. The head of state and the government is the president elected by the Parliament for a 5-year term (the number of presidency is not limited). Since August 2010 - Desi Bauthers.

Parliament is a unicameral state meeting, 51 deputies, elected by the population for a 5-year term.

According to the election results in May 2010:

Mega-combination (including the National Democratic Party) - 23 deputies
New Front for Democracy and Development - 14 Deputies
A-combination - 7 deputies
People's Alliance for Progress - 6 Deputies
Party for democracy and development through unity - 1 deputy

Administrative division

District Suriname

Suriname It is divided into 10 districts.

№	District	Administrative center	Area, km²	Population (2004), people	Density, person / km²
1.	Brockopondo	Brockopondo	7364	14 215	1,93
2.	Commevene	Nyiv Amsterdam	2353	24 649	10,48
3.	Koroni.	Totnes	3902	2887	0,74
4.	Maresein	Albina	4627	16 642	3,60
5.	Nickery	Nyiv Nickery	5353	36 639	6,84
6.	Couple	Onvervacht	5393	18 749	3,48
7.	Paramaribo	Paramaribo	183	242 946	1327,57
8.	Saramakka	Groningen	3 636	15 980	4,39
9.	Sipalivini	absent	130 567	34 136	0,26
10.	Vica	Lelidorp	442	85 986	194,54
	Total		163 820	492 829	3,01

History

Before the arrival of Europeans, Surinames inhabited the nomads-Aravakov, Caribbean and Varrau tribes.

The coastal part of Suriname was opened by one of the first Spanish expeditions to South America - Alonso de Oleza and Vicente Pinson, in 1499. The coast was first applied to the map at 1500, after the expedition of another Spanish conquistador - Diego Lepa. The name country received from the river flowing through its territory.

Colonization of Suriname began only in the first half of the XVII century and was carried out by the British. However, in 1667, England handed over to Suriname Netherlands in exchange for a new Amsterdam (the territory of the current New York). Since then, with the exception of 1799-1802 and 1804-1816, Surinam for three centuries was the ownership of the Netherlands.

At the end of the XVII century, Suriname became the leading supplier of sugar to Europe. For cultivation of sugar cane in Suriname, a plantation system was created, negros of Africa were brought to work on plantations.

In the second half of the XIX century, an economic decline occurred in Suriname. The main reasons were to establish in Europe their own production of sugar from the coarse and arising after the cancellation in 1863 the slavery of the lack of labor, since the liberated ebony went away from plantations to the city. This problem was solved only in late XIX. - early XX centuries Immigration in Surinames more than 60 thousand Indians and Indonesians, as well as Chinese.
With the advent of immigrants from Asia, the structure of Suriname's economy has changed dramatically - a small peasant farm has come to replace the plantation. In the 1920s, the development of the industry of Suriname began, the basis of which mines of bauxite mining and gold began, as well as enterprises for the processing of various types of agricultural products.

Since 1922, the country officially ceased to be called the colony and turned into an associated territory of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

From 1991 to 1996, the President of the country was Ronald Venetian. From 1996 to 2000 - Jules Waydenbos and from 2000 to 2010 - again Ronald Venetian. On May 25, 2010, the next elections to parliament took place, as a result of which the ruling national democratic party was defeated and her candidate for the presidency is the former ruler of Desi Bautters.

Population

The population is 566846 (expected in July 2013).

Annual increase - 1.15%;

Birth rate - 17.1 per 1000 (fertility - 2.04 births per woman);

Mortality - 6.15 per 1000;

The average life expectancy is 69 years old in men, 74 years old - in women.

The infection with the immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is 1% (in 2009).

Urban population - 69% (2010).

creoles 15.7%
mixed 13.4%
others 7.6%
no data 0.6%

Literacy - 92% of men, 87.4% of women.

Christianity:
- protestants 23.6%, including:
- other Christians 3.2%
atheists 7.5%
other 1.7%
no data 3.2%

Languages

In Suriname, they say in the following languages: Akurio, Aravak, Vaway, Varao, Vajana, Eastary Creole, Guyan Creole, Dutch (Official), Carib, Caribbean Hindustani, Caribbean Yavansky, Quinti, Mátany, Nduka Trio, Saramakan, Sykiana, Svannak , Trio, Hakka. Also in the country immigrated English, Korean, the Netherlands gesture, Portuguese and North Boat dialect of Arabic.

Economy

Suriname's economy is based on bauxite mining and aluminum, gold and oil exports (85% of exports and 25% of the public budget revenue). The oil production program on the sea shelf is developing - Suriname's state oil company in 2004 has concluded contracts with several Western oil companies. For the development of bauxite and gold mining, Surinam has assistance to the Netherlands, Hungary, Belgium and the European Foundation for Assistance and Development.

GDP per capita in 2009 - 9.5 thousand dollars. (112nd place in the world).

Service sphere - 65% of GDP, 78% of the operating.

Industry (25% of GDP, 14% of working) - mining bauxite, gold, oil, aluminum production; Forest industry food industry, Fish and seafood processing.

Agriculture (10% of GDP, 8% of the operating) - rice, bananas, coconuts, peanuts; Cattle, bird.

In Suriname, about half of arable land are used under rice, while 43 percent of rice yield is supplied to the foreign market (2013).

International trade

Export ($ 1.4 billion in 2006) - aluminum, gold, crude oil, timber, shrimp, fish, rice, bananas.

Major buyers (in 2009) - Canada 35.5%, Belgium 14.9%, USA 10.2%, UAE 9.9%, Norway 4.9%, Netherlands 4.7%.

Import ($ 1.3 billion in 2006) - industrial goods, fuel, food.

Main suppliers (in 2009) - USA 30.8%, Netherlands 19.2%, Trinidad and Tobago 13%, China 6.8%, Japan 5.9%.

Included in the international organization of the acts of the act.

Territorial disputes

The Government of Suriname initiated a territorial dispute with Guyana on the issue of state affiliation of the sea shelf in the coastal zone. The Government of Guyana harvested to conclude SRPs with transnational corporations on the provision of drilling the right of wells and mining of minerals from the seabed, the Government of Suriname, very much designed to act as a subject of the PSA, responded to the specified initiative, appealed to the Dutch archival service with a request to provide archival documents - documentary confirmations of belonging controversial territories to Surinam, as a successor of Dutch colonial possessions.

Transport

Media (media)

State Television - STVS ( Surinaamse Televisie Stichting - Suriname Television Fund) includes the eponymous television channel, the state radio company -

Visa
Parks, reserves
Museums
Map
Phrasebook


	Official name:	Republic of Suriname
	Capital:	Paramaribo
	The area of \u200b\u200bthe land:	163.3 thousand square meters. KM
	General population:	487 thousand people
	Population composition:	37% - Indians, 31% - Creoles, 15% -Mavans, 2% - Marons, 2% - Chinese, 2% - Europeans.
	Official language:	dutch. Svann-Tongo (the most common language of interethnic communication, on the basis of English with borrowing from many languages \u200b\u200b- the so-called "Bastard-Inglish"), Hindi, Yavansky, Chinese.
	Religion:	47% - Christians, 27% - Hindus, 20% - Muslims.
	Internet domain:	.sr.
	Voltage in the power grid:	~ 127 V, 60 Hz
	Country Code:	+597
	Country barcode:

Climate

Geography

The Republic of Suriname is located in the northeastern part of South America. In the East, it borders with the French Guiana, in the south - with Brazil, in the West - with Guyana, in the north is washed by the Atlantic Ocean. Almost all the territory of Suriname is a swampy coastal plain about 80 km. The width bounded by the central plateau. In the south there are mountains of Guiangsky Plateau, crouched by a thick subequatorial forest. The total area of \u200b\u200bthe country is 163, 3 thousand square meters. km.

Gwiang lowland wide from 25 km in the east to 80 km in the West is composed of alluvial and marine sands and clays. The surface is flat, wetlands, places are crossed by coastal shafts and dissected by rivers. Separate forest arrays have been preserved. Small foci of agriculture are timed to coastal shafts and drained sections of the swamps.

South on the slopes of the Gwianky Plateau, the narrow belt Savannan is common. Soil here is low-grade, agriculture is poorly developed and is consumer.

Gwyan plateore is made by ancient crystalline rocks. The surface is largely covered with a wet rainforest. On a general smooth background, water-seated mountain arrays and ridges, especially the Wilhelmina mountains with the highest point of the country - Mount Juliana (1230 m). On the southern slopes of Highlands, in part located within Suriname, savannah reappear.

The country cross four large rivers flowing in the northern direction: the coincidence on which part of the border with Guyana passes; Coppenama, Gran Rio, Suriname and Maresein (the latter forms the border with French Guiana). For agriculture and transportation of goods, the Cottics and Commevene rivers, flowing into the Suriname River near her mouth, Saramakka, flowing in Coppenam also close to the mouth, and Nickery, the influx of the coat. Because of the court thresholds, it can be moved only within the coastal lowland, so until recently, the southern countries of the country were practically isolated from the outside world.

Flora and fauna

Vegetable world. Gwyan plateore is made by ancient crystalline rocks. The surface is largely covered with a wet rainforest. On a general smooth background, water-seated mountain arrays and ridges, especially the Wilhelmina mountains with the highest point of the country - Mount Juliana (1230 m). On the southern slopes of the Highlands, partly located within Surinam, Savannah reappear. In a very diverse vegetable world. Forests are located in mountainous areas and on the hills. Here are oak, pine and birch groves, white acacias, poplar, willow, as well as the riot of scarlet poppies. On the coast, evergreen trees and shrubs, drinks and alpine pines, mastic trees, palm trees, stone and cork oaks, cypresses, cacti and agaves, plantations of cultivated plants: almonds, olives, citrus, grenades.

Animal world. From representatives of the animal world on the territory of Suriname, monkeys, Jaguar, Puma, Tapir, Ants, Small deer, Barny, Crocodile, a large number of birds, snakes are inhabited. The landmark of the country is the endemic Suriname frog.

sights

The history of the country is quite typical for this region. Athow these lands at the turn of the Millennium, the American tribes of Kariba and Aravaka formed a powerful tribal conglomeration, covering all small antilles, with their own culture and a complex social hierarchy. However, the arrival of Europeans forced them to retreat from these wetlands deep into the villagers, and already in 1616, several Dutch settlements were formed in the mouths of several rivers between modern Georgetubun, Guyana and Cayern. In 1667, a new colony appeared on the map - Dutch Guiana, whose economy has reduced the ends with the ends due to the cultivation of sugar and forest harvesting. After the First World War, the American firm Alcoa began developing alumina in the east of the country, and since then almost the whole country was "tied" to the production of aluminum (suffice that during the Second World War, more than 75% of American aluminum was made from Surinames of raw materials). After the war, Suriname began to acquire increasing independence from Holland and December 15, 1954 becomes an autonomous part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. On November 25, 1975, the country receives independence, but only five years later, the civilian government was overthrown by the military regime, which declared the construction of the Socialist Republic. In 1987, international pressure, finally, forced the authorities to hold democratic elections, but in 1990 the military overthrew the civilian government, but long ago, in 1991, the government again passes into the hands of a multi-party democratic coalition, which manages the country so far.

As a result, Surinam remained quiet and strongly tied to foreign partners a country that almost does not have any prominent historical monuments. But it is widely known among tourists as an unusual cultural enclave with extraordinary ethnic diversity, large arrays of virgin forests and excellent conditions for outdoor activities.

Paramaribo

Noisy and somewhat chaotic capital of the country, often called Parbo, lies on the West Bank of the Suriname River, near her mouth. This is a rather curious "hybrid" of European civilization and tropical America - impressive brick colonial buildings are mixed with grassy squares of squares and wooden buildings, narrow streets scribbled by high palm trees make up whole urban areas, and mangrove thickets still focus the coastal strip of the capital. The historic core of the city is so picturesquely, which is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List as a unique sample of the mixing of the Dutch, British, Creole and Asian traditions, formed in this given from the foci of the development of these cultures. At the same time, the initial and very characteristic plan for the development of the historic center remains completely intact, and the local methods of urban planning and materials give it a recognizable appearance. Mosque and synagogues are literally side by side, the sellers traded the rotation by local wine and Dutch beer right under the walls of the buildings british style, And the traditional local rum serves as the basis of wine cards of numerous cafes and bars, many of which are quite in French are located right on the sidewalks.

Paramaribo - ONAFKhanKelinplain, or Independence Square, lying near the walls of the Presidential Palace. Immediately behind the palace - Palmertuyune, or Palm Garden, an attractive city park with high palm trees, populated numerous tropical birds. To the east of the operator, a carefully restored Fort Zealand, the coastal fortified citadel of the XVII century, used for the content and torture of political prisoners in the gloomy times of military coups. Nowadays, the Suriname Museum is located in his walls (open from Tuesday to Friday - from 9.00 to 14.00, on Saturday and Sunday - from 10.00 to 14.00) with an extensive collection of cultural and historical nature. Each first Sunday of the month in the courtyard of the Fort is held cultural evenings with performances of the best musical and dance groups representing various nationalities of the country.

Also in the Fort area, the Roman Catholic Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul (XIX century, which is considered entirely from the tree (XIX century, is considered the largest wooden cathedral in the region), the reformist church (XIX century), two synagogues (XVII century), a pharmacy ( XIX century) and the speed workshop of the same period, a numismatic collection, as well as a library in the Museum complex at Zorg-En-Hop with the largest collection of antique works in the country (there is a small museum hotel for scientists, young professionals and students) And even the museum bar.

The main market of the city lies on Watercranc Boulevard, walking along the coastal strip from the walls of the presidential palace to the ferry crossing of Meerzog to the other side of the Suriname River. At a short distance from the city spread "twin" Palmeteuina - Beautiful Park Culturutuin. And very close to the center is the resort area of \u200b\u200bKekemba. The water route from Paramaribo is also familiar with the Suriname River to Blommein's reservoir (Brokopondo) and the city of Malobby. In addition to almost the entire panorama of the capital, during it you can see the most characteristic landscapes of the country, the Brokopondo dam (1961-1964. It provides more than 90% of the country's electricity), this is a beautiful reservoir on the Suriname River, and also to get acquainted with the life of various cultures . Here, in the vicinity of the reservoir, one of the best national parks of the country - Brownsberg, a small Mazaron Plateau with his silent mountain resort, the waterfalls of Irene and Leo, the ecological resort of Whitticrik with his noisy bird community, the old villages of GROSS-sieves and nie Coffeecamp, as well as the colorful town of Brownsveg.

Couple

Couple area (it is clear that this coastal region also received his name from the title of the capital, and it is located almost around it - on both shores of the river Suriname south of the city) are especially attractive for day excursions. It is a very pleasant place with many streams and small rivers, as well as with the largest number of old plantations in the country, many of which are quite well preserved and are popular places of recreation. The most picturesque are the old "phasends" Colarchrik, Carolinakric, Bersaba, as well as whole areas of these colorful complexes in Saramakka and Koroni. But the most famous of them is, perhaps, the Yoodensavanne plantation, which was founded in the XVII century by Portuguese Jews. After the age-old period of prosperity and growth, it was abandoned after the fire of 1832, and during World War II served as a colony for persons suspected of pronocyst sympathies - such a historic irony. Nowadays, the ruins of the Barash-ve-Shalom synagogues are here (1639-1685 - the first synagogue in the western hemisphere), the old cemetery and therapeutic mineral springs, as well as the picturesque nearby village of Cassiora and the spa town of Blakawatra, which was open in 1960 "As a place of rest of the Prime Minister of the country." You can also visit the Santigron Village on the Sadigron River on the Saramakka River (30 km south of Paramaribo), in our day, as well as a popular place to swim around Kalarkrick (50 km south of Paramaribo), surrounded by numerous streams With pure brown water and a small belt of savanna.

Commensen

The Commmene region, located on the right bank of the Suriname River, is also replete with old mansion and plantations. The most famous plantations of Meerzorg, Peperpot, Frederikdorp, Alliance and Marienburg, who played an important role in the country's economy during its heyday. Many of them are inhabited so far and are popular centers of ecotourism and starting points for visiting forest areas. Also good by the colorful fishing villages of Pomona, Joanna Margaret, or simply Margritis, Rust-Ene Verk and Buckki, or Reinsdorf. Here you can watch the life of local residents or ride along the coast of the Matapic region, which are the most important place to reproduce the sea turtles. A little west lies the town of Brauchuncunt with his old Fort of Batteria-Biams-Point (XVIII century) and his later Bastion Batteria-BrauChunt. And the capital of the region is the city of Nyiv-Amsterdam is known for its extensive old fort (1743-1758), in which the open-air museum is now located.

Top Maresein and Tapachoni

The colorful region along the River Maresein (Maroni) and her tributaries of Lava and Tapanioni is considered one of the best places to study the country's original culture. These areas are inhabited by Paramakkanner tribes (Paramakkan) - descendants of runaway slaves of almost all ethnic groups of Africa, so local culture is a fantastic alloy of all sorts of traditions of the black continent. The most picturesque settlements of this region are the small town of Albina on the border with the French Guiana River Maresein and Langatabeta, or Langatabiki ("Long River Island"), where the Paramakkane tribal leader lives - "Granma". We also deserve visits to the place of Stelmanneseyland, near which Lava and Tapachoni pour into Maresein (below the flow there is a whole cascade of picturesque thresholds), the village of Drietabeta is the residence of the Granan, the Aukan tribes - and the Golden Priis Benzompa on the Lava River.

And with the permission of the local administration, you can visit the nearby Halibi Reserve (available only by the boat), where thousands of green sea turtles are laying off in June and July. This is one of the few places in the world where this process can be observed in natural conditions, and what is important, thanks to the skill of local conductors, no inconveniences of the Turtles themselves bring such excursions. In this region, there is practically no rest infrastructure, but completely natural is considered to hang a hammock right in a rustic park or rent a bed in a private house, so for fans of ecological tourism is one of the best places in South America.

Nyiv Nickery

The capital of the Nicker region, the important port and the second largest city of Suriname, Nyiv-Nickery is located on the southern shore of the river of the same name, practically opposite the Guyan city of New Amsterdam. The city is widely known for its "crossings" - twice for its history, in 1870 and 1879, he was transferred almost entirely to a new place, since the lands quickly destroyed rapid erosion. Therefore, today it is protected by the sea and the mouth of the river with a powerful wall. The famous Waterfalls Blanche Mary are located upstream Nickery, where regular river tours are arranged, during which you can get acquainted with local tribes, go fishing (and it is here, on the reviews of many tourists, noble) or make a simple excursion to the rainforest canopy.

And in the headwaters of the border with the Guyana River Korantein (corantein), near the border with Brazil, there is a region of Sipalivini. The Indian tribes Trio, Wayana and Acurio, who inhabit this region, only recently come in contact with foreign world. Typically, only the percussion extremes are made here, but the difficulties of the way with an excess are compensated by the pictures of Wandotobo's beautiful waterfalls, Kau and Itabra on the Caeger's coils and thresholds, sising the life of the wooded slopes of the Vilhegelmina Mountains with the Tafelberg Reserve, as well as the painting of local villages Palumuu, Peretetepu and Quamalasamut, whose surroundings inhabited by the most archaic tribes of the region.

Banks and currency

Banks are open on weekdays from 7.00 to 14.00.

Suriname dollar (SRD, S $) equal to 100 cents. From January 1, 2004, the Suriname dollar, tied to the US dollar, was replaced by Suriname Gulden used before.

In circulation there are banknotes with a par value of 100, 50, 20, 10 and 5 dollars and coins with a nominal value of 250, 100, 25, 10, 5 and 1 cent. Although the Suriname dollar is considered the only legitimate payment facility in the country, in circulation you can still meet coins in Guldenah (their current nominal value should be calculated based on the proportion of 1000 Guldennes for 1 Surinames dollar), which are exchanged in the offices of the Central Bank of the country. Also almost everywhere you can pay US dollars.

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