Princess Board Olga (briefly)

The Board of Princess Olga - Quick Feature

The opinions of researchers disagrees when it comes to the date, as well as the place of birth of Princess Olga. The ancient chronicles do not give us accurate information, whether it was from a noble family or from a simple family. Some are inclined to the fact that Olga was the daughter of the Grand Duke Of Oleg.Other, they say that it comes from Bulgarian Prince Boris. The author of the chronicles "Tale of Bygone Years" directly says that the Motherland Olga is a small village under Pskov and that it is "from the kind of simple."

According to one of the versions of Prince Igor Rurikovich saw Olga in the forest, where he hunted to game. Deciding to cross through a small river, the prince asked for help from the girl passing on the boat, which he accepted at the beginning for a young man. The girl turned out to be clean thoughts, beautiful and smart. Later, the prince decided to take her in wives.

Princess Olga after the death of her husband (as well as during the reign in Kiev) from Drevlyan, manifested himself with a solid and wise government of Russia. She was engaged political issues, managed with the warriors, governors, complainants, and also took ambassadors. Very often, when Prince Igor went to the military campaigns, his duties completely went on the shoulders of Princess.

After in 945, Igor was killed for the re-collecting Dani, Olga cruelly repressed them for her husband's death, manifested by an unprecedented trick and will. Three times she killed the Treated ambassadors, after which she gathered the army and went to the Treastan war. After Olga could not take main city Korosten (while the rest of the settlements were completely destroyed), she demanded from each house three sparrows and three pigeons, and then told her soldiers to attach to the paws of birds, to pour him and let go of birds. Last minute birds flew into their nests. So it was taken Korosten.

After pacifying the Drevlyan Prinjean took up the tax reform. She was canceled by the dealerships and are divided into the fields of the Earth, for each "lessons" (fixed). The main purpose of the reform was the streamlining of the Dani system, as well as the strengthening of state authority.

Also, during the prince of Olga, the first stone cities appeared, and its external state policy was not carried out with the help of military methods, but diplomacy. Thus, connections with Byzantium and Germany were strengthened.

The princess herself decided to adopt Christianity, and although her baptism did not affect the decision of Svyatoslav to leave Russia, Vladimir continued her case.

Olga died in 969 in Kiev, and in 1547 she was canonized to the saints.

November 20, 2014.

Great Princess Olga Aleksandrovna Rules in Kievan Rus After the death of her husband, Igor Rurikovich and to the adulthood of the Son Svyatoslav. Accepted Christianity with the name Elena. The story did not save information about the date of birth of Princess, but in the power book it is reported that she died presumably at eighty years. Impeccable and wise policy of princess Olga made her famous historical personality Almost all over the world.

Life Path

There is no reliable information about the place of her birth. Chronicles and modern historians put forward a variety of assumptions on this matter. The most approximate to the truth is the approval of Nestor Chronicler in the "Tale of Bygone Years", that it comes from a simple family who lived in a small village of Ryabuta, located on the Pskov Earth. But where Olga would be born and what kind of tribe would neither belong to, the wisdom of her politicians and acts are an integral part of Slavic history.

Igor's death is practically no information about the princess. The end of the husband pushed her first in the life of Kievan Rus, because Svyatoslav was three years old, and in the princes he, of course, was not suitable. She took on the management of the state at that time in an extremely difficult situation, and for 19 years she fully coped with all the problems. External I. domestic politics Olga created a single power with international authority.

Revenge of rallies

The beginning of its board can be considered the ignition of the Killers of Igor, which consisted of four parts. The first revenge of the princess was the burial of the Drevalnsky ambassadors alive. The reason for this was the proposal to suck it out for his prince Mala. After that, she burned in the bath of noble arches, which arrived after the first. For the third time, Olga ran 5 thousand of their tribesmen on the Trenna of her husband, after which her little squad interrupted. The final stage of revenge was the burning of the city of Earrows.

In these acts, except for cruel revenge, there is also his deep meaning. Olga was supposed to show both the goodwires and the enemies that she is not a weak woman, but a strong ruler. "Hair Log, and the mind is short," they talked about women in those times. Therefore, she was forced to clearly demonstrate her wisdom and awareness in military affairs, in order to prevent the occurrence of any conspiracy for her back. The reign of the princess did not want to marry, she chose to remain a widow.

Thus, it became clear that Olga's external and internal policy would be wise and fair. In fact, this bloody revenge was aimed at the abolition of the power of the Mala dynasty, submission of the Ridge Kiev and the suppression of knowing the neighboring principalities.

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Reforms and the introduction of Christianity

After revenge, the princesses have established clear rules for collecting Dani. This contributed to preventing outbreaks of discontent, as a result of one of which was killed her husband. Near the big cities were injected. It is in these administrative and economic cells of power and collected tribute.

Olga's external and domestic policy has always been aimed at the centralization of government management, as well as the association and strengthening of Russian land.

With the name of Olga, the construction of not only the Church of St. Nicholas, but also the Sofia Temple in Kiev is associated. Although she first accepted Christianity, to read Her Saint became alleged earlier than from the XIII century.

Olga's external and internal policy characterizes her not as a defenseless woman, but as a strong and reasonable ruler, who firmly and confidently keeps power in his hands over the whole country. She wisely defended her people from unfriendly, for which people loved her and respected. In addition, the ruler possessed a large number of already mentioned positive qualities, she was still attentive and generous to poor people.

Domestic politics

While the sovereign was in power, peace and order reigned in Kievan Rus. The internal policy of Princess Olga was closely intertwined with the arrangement of the spiritual and religious life of the Russian people.

One of its most important achievements was the introduction of organized items for collecting Dani, on which later, after the adoption by the Government of Christianity, the first churches and temples began to build. Since those times, stone construction began. The first such buildings were Country Terem and the city palace belonging to the sovereign. The remains of their walls and foundations were excavated by archaeologists only at the beginning of the 70s of the XX century.

The internal policy of Princess Olga is inextricably linked with the strengthening of the country's defense. Cities then literally fought oak and stone walls.

Relationship with neighboring principles

Special attention deserves foreign policy Olga. The table below contains the basic acts of the princess.

When the government has established the situation within the Kiev Rus, it began to strengthen the international prestige of his country. The foreign policy of Princess Olga was diplomatic, unlike her husband.

At the beginning of his reign, she accepted Christianity, and her godfather became the Byzantine emperor. These events contributed to an increase in the authority of Kiev Rus among the rulers of other countries, because to get in the godfather of such a person it seemed unrealistic.

Basically, the foreign policy of Princess Olga was aimed at improving relations with Byzantium. And it did it well. For which part of the Russian squad participated in conjunction with the Byzantine army in hostilities, while while maintaining the independence of its state.

In 968, Kiev was attacked by Pechenegs. The defenses of the city led the princess herself, so he was delivered from the siege.

During the reign of Olga, the conditions created the advantage of conducting peaceful foreign policy before the military, if there was a need.

Attempts to establish relationships with the German Empire

Over time, friendly relations with Byzantium began to weaken, and Olga decided to find a strong ally. She stopped his choice in Germany.

In 959, the princess sent the Russian Embassy to Otteno I with the past to provide priests to introduce Christianity in the Kiev lands, as well as with a proposal of friendship and peace.

He responded to Olga calls, and in 961 several priests headed by Adalbert arrived to it. True, it was not possible to deploy their activities in the Kiev territory, since at the end of his life Olga no longer had such an influence as before.

In 964, power passed to Svyatoslav, which radically changed tactics public Policy. Moreover, you need to say, not for the better.

Olga (945 - 966)

After the death of Igor, the mighty, it seemed, the state turned out to be on the verge of collapse. In Kiev, Igor Olga's wife remained with a juvenile heir, Prince Svyatoslav. Drevlyan deposited from Kiev and stopped paying tribute. However, the Russian tip ran around the Princess Olga and not only recognized her right to the throne to the adulthood of the Son, but also unconditionally supported the princess.

By this time princess Olga It was in the flourish of his physical and spiritual forces. From the first steps of his reign, she showed itself as a decisive, power, long-distance and harsh government. First of all, the princess dismissed the rallies for the death of the Grand Duke and her husband. She ordered to kill the Treated ambassadors who came to Kiev to wad her for her prince Mala. Then she herself moved with the army in the Trees. In battle, Drevlyan were defeated. A severe tribute was imposed on the defeated once again. The unity of the state was restored.

But not only with cruel punishments and force approved its power Olga. As a smart and far-sighted government, she understood that the Founder with His violence, sometimes with an uncontrolled charge of Dani causes dissatisfaction with people, and this threatens the very existence of a young state. AND great Princess I went to reforms. She changed the Dani collection system by starting it from the Tsvendian land. Now the population paid tribute to solid standards. She identified the places where the tribute was to be overwhelmed by the population himself every year. These were the so-called forests. There she was taken by representatives of the princely administration and sent to Kiev. Then Olga moved with a friend in other Russian lands and has established new rules everywhere - they were called lessons - and established the grades.
It was the end of the Fichu and the beginning of an organized system of taxation taxes of Russia. The state has taken another step in its development.

Having established the order inside Russia, Olga drew its eyes on foreign policy. She had to show that the times of Troubles did not lay the strength and international authority of Russia. In 957, she went to Constantinople at the head of a crowded embassy, \u200b\u200bwhich had more than a hundred people. The princess was accepted there by the highest rank. Byzantine emperor, writer, a major diplomat Konstantin Bagryanorovnnaya gave lunch in her honor. During the conversations, the emperor and Olga confirmed the effect of the previous contract concluded by Igor, as well as the military union of two states. This alliance was directed against Khazaria and the Arab Caliphate.

An important issue Negotiation was the baptism of Russian princess.

To x in. Almost all large states Western EuropeAlso, a part of the peoples of the Balkan Peninsula and the Caucasus accepted Christianity. Some did it under the influence of Papal Rome, others - under the influence Byzantine Empire. Christianity acquired the states and peoples to the new civilization, enriched their culture, raised the prestige of the grueling rulers. It is not by chance that the peoples of Western Europe, who accepted baptism of 300 - 500 years earlier than the peoples of Eastern Europe, overtook them in their development. But everywhere this process was painful, since he meant the refusal to the usual peoples of the pagan religion.
Olga understood that further strengthening of the country was impossible without the adoption of Christianity. But she simultaneously understood the strength of paganism, commitment to people. Therefore, she decided to baptize herself and thereby submit an example of the rest. However, she was on whom to rely on. Among the merchants, citizens, part of the boyars were already a lot of people who adopted Christianity.

For Olga, the baptism was not only a matter of politics, but also the answer to many of the conscience questions. By this time, she survived a lot: the tragic death of her husband, bloody violence with enemies. Sometimes we believe that all this goes without a trace for the human soul. This is not the case - in the adulthood, a person will certainly summarize the results of his life. Asks ourselves - why he lived, what is his place in this life. Paganism was looking for answers to these questions in the powerful phenomena of nature, in the action of gods. Christianity appealed to the world human feelings, human mind and faith in the eternal life of the human soul, but provided that the person on Earth will be righteous: fair, humane, tolerable to people.

On this path and Olga got up on the slope of his years. But she furnished the baptism so to bring as much fame to her fatherland as much as possible. She was baptized in the Church of St. Sophia - the main temple of Byzantium. Her godfather was the emperor himself, and her prestantinople patriarch baptized. From now on, Olga became a Christian for the Orthodox, the Byzantine pattern, unlike the Roman, Catholic ritual.

After returning to Kiev, Olga tried to incline to Christianity and Svyatoslav, but the son was grew by Yarym. He, like his whole squad, worshiped Perun and refused her. The alienation began between mother and son. Soon the pagan group eliminated Olga from the control. All complete power took the young Svyatoslav. It happened in 962 g.

activities of Princess Olga Years of the Board Internal and Foreign Policy

1. In 945, having learned about the death of her husband, Olga adopted the reign of the country's reign in his own hands, because her son and the legitimate heir to Svyatoslav, was still too small. But later, when he grew, he was interested only in military campaigns, and the management of Russian lands was still in the hands of the princess Olga to her very death.

   No one knows anything reliable about the origin of Olga. In the chronicles we read that Igor led his wife from Pleskov in 903. There are different opinions about this Pleskov - whether it is Pskov, whether the Bulgarian city of Plercywot. The name of her Varana.

   For many years, Olga reigns the title. One of the first in Russia she accepted Christianity. Olga was baptized in Constantinople in 955 or 957. Undoubtedly, subsequently, it had an impact on choosing her grandson, Prince Vladimir, who adopted the eastern branch of Christianity (Orthodoxy) for the entire Russian people.

   Olga's reign of Olga is crumpled by barbaric, truly medieval acts of revenge rasts for her husband's death. At first she ordered to bury in the land of the Radiast Ambassadors who came to match her for their prince. And two of them burned in the bath. Then she, with the help of the devilish tricks, burned the capital of the Drevlyan, the city of estuary. I must say that her own squad these actions fully approved.

   One of the main acts of Princess Olga is the establishment of the first in Russia of the Dani collection system (taxes). It is introduced and, that is, constant values \u200b\u200bof taxes. S. M. Solovyov believes that traces of this economic activity They are visible in all the then Russian lands, and not only the Radiast and Novgorod, as the chronicle says.

   Princess Olga died in 969 in deep old age. The Orthodox Russian Church ranked her for the faces of the saints and called Equal to the Apostles, that is, an equal to the apostles, the satellites of Jesus Christ himself. The memory of the Holy Equal-Apostles Princess Olga is celebrated on July 11.

2. Oleg (882-912) captured Kiev in 882 and united the territory eastern Slavs In the Unified State "Kievskaya Rus", in 907 and 911 made hiking for Byzantium and concluded with her favorable trading agreements; Igor (912-945) Rus has expanded the territory, subjugated the Ridge and put them in Dania, 913-914 - hiking for the Khazar possession, 941, 944 - hiking for Byzantium, killed in 945 during the collection of Dani Ridge (Full). Olga (945-957). Devented the death of her husband, ordered the collection of Dani, introduced lessons and grades, in 957 he accepted baptism in Constantinople. Svyatoslav (957-972) joined the land of Vyatichi, broke the Volga Bulgar and Khazaria, won the mouth of the Danube River, formed the Russian Tmutarakan Principality, in 967 he made a campaign on Danube, announced the city of Pereyaslavl with a new capital, in 970 he concluded a contract with Byzantium, in 972 The year killed by Pechenegs.

According to the preserved data, each time leaving Kiev, the Grand Duke Igor left the management of the new Slavic state to his wife Olga. It was she who in this period led negotiations with the governors, took the ambassadors and was engaged in other political affairs. Based on these facts, it can be safely argued that Olga was already able to study the basics of the country's management, even before the death of her husband.

It so happened that the internal policy of the princess Olga after the murder of Prince Igor Drevlyans, for the most part, concerned exactly the observation and pacifying this tribe. In 945, the Treated is sent for the first time to Olga ambassadors with a proposal from their prince Mala become his wife. However, the tricky princess orders to meet guests with honor, bringing to her Terem in the rooks, after which the embassy was dropped into the pit and buried alive.

After that, Olga sends to Male ambassadors to send her best husbands to her escort. This time the warriors burned in the bath. However, the revenge of the rallies for the death of her husband just began. Next, Olga told the rafts that he wants to hide a trian on the place of her husband's death, prepare a black honey. During the TRIZN, the rallian was inxicane and were easily interrupted by a small friend of Olga.

A year later, the Treated was finally broken, and their capital was burned. Successful taking powerful Korosten also did not cost without a fine strategy of princess. As Dani, she demanded three sparrow and pigeons from each housing. After the execution of the order, the princess was commanded to bind to the birds of birds to the warriors on a piece of the cloud, set fire and let go of birds. People escape from the fortified city were immediately killed, and a considerable tribute was entrusted.

At this, the internal policy of Olga did not end up and she ordered to replace the chases of the Fichu. For every disease, a certain lesson was installed with a fixed amount. Princess tax reforms were able to streamline the former collection system, as well as strengthen Kiev authority.

Of course, the foreign policy of Olga, carried out by diplomacy, deserves special attention. It was the princess that was able to strengthen the connection between Kievan Rus and Byzantium (as well as with Germany) without military conflicts. So in 957, Olga is heading to Constantinople, where he later adopted Christianity with the name Elena. This significantly accelerated the Christianization of Russia and its subsequent unity with other Christian powers.