List of documents for admission to MISIs. Rules for admission to the Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "National Research Technology University" Misis
Municipal budget general educational institution
secondary school №1
from. Cherman suburban district of RSO-Alanya
ON THE TOPIC:
Compiler:
Kocheva I.T.
from. Cherman 2015 year
POSITION
On forms and volumes of homework
General provisions
It is well known what contribution can and should make a homework in mastering all students of basic knowledge and skills. In connection with the development of society and science, new school requirements arise, which can be configured by improving educational plans and learning tools. This also applies to homework. Nevertheless, the homework remains, ultimately, the teacher himself. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the role of the role homework In the assimilation of knowledge and skills.
No one doubts what a great place belongs to homework in the formation of durable knowledge and skills, a solid work habit. In accordance with various goals facing training, homework can perform various functions. It can serve, first of all, to consolidate knowledge and skills, summarizing, systematize or apply the knowledge gained and skills in practice, ensuring the initial level of the subsequent lesson, as well as for self-study of the new material. It is also used to eliminate gaps in knowledge, preparation for exams or to work on new material, etc.
Homework - Composite part of the lesson aimed at improving the quality and efficiency of the knowledge gained. Only under unity of the urgent and independent homework Pupils can be achieved educational and educational goals.
The teacher is given the opportunity at the maximum load in the lesson to carry out the educational process on a number of objects without homework.
A competent approach to the volume, dosage of homework can to some extent to keep the health of students.
When organizing homework, the following requirements should be followed:
the task should be clear to each student, i.e. All students should know exactly what to do and how to do (clarity of tasks);
the task must be the nature of the question self-decide. The tasks do not reach the target if the corresponding instruction does not receive or, on the contrary, they are extremely simple and reproductive (should be problematic);
the task must be predetermined. With the help of control, the teacher brings up diligence, execution and accuracy in work (installation on control);
the task on the house may be frontal, differentiated and individual, but always taking into account the characteristics of the class (installation on the individualization of tasks);
the task on the subject must be strictly regulated and coordinated with the tasks for other subjects (accounting for the amount of tasks);
the task should not be monotonous and the same type. In tasks, non-standard questions must be found, questions for preliminary observation, observations (diversity of tasks);
the task should orient students for independent search for solutions, to use the knowledge gained earlier and skills in the new conditions (the development of independence);
questions must be entered into questions for repetition of the main sections of the program (installation for repetition passed);
each task should have difficulty, but be sat for students. They can overcome this difficulty with the maximum use of all their abilities and skills (installation for overcoming the difficulties of teachings);
the tasks should include questions requiring a disciple to compare, analyze, summarize, classify, establish causal relationships, formulate conclusions, apply learned knowledge in new situations, etc. (installation on the development of thinking);
The task aimed at mastering the lesson material is better to give at the end of the lesson. The task aimed at securing some skill is better to give immediately after exercises that produce this skill. The task controlling students' knowledge is more useful to give at the beginning of the lesson.
Home academic work is closely related to work in class, organically follows from the previous lesson, is a continuation of it and prepares a subsequent lesson.
It is unacceptable when a poorly prepared lesson ends with a homework, which includes a new material unfinished in the lesson and exercises to it. The impossible amount of task generates chronic misunderstanding.
It should be remembered that the homework is explained and set to call from the lesson and should be extremely clear to the disciples. In the lesson, the teacher must be sure that students know what, why and how to do at home. The task must be sat for the majority, not very simple for strong students.
It is necessary to prevent unnecessary passion for homework, which can lead to the overload of students: eliminate the tasks calculated only on mechanical work, too cumbersome tasks that take a long time, but do not give the desired positive effect. The reason for the overload can be the wrong calculation of the teacher on the skills of students, which they really do not really have.
Overload causes such tasks, on the procedure and acceptances of which students do not have clear ideas, as well as tasks, not coordinated by a teacher to other subjects.
Setting a clear goal of each homework, the selection of their species and the real estimate of all the possibilities of students will warn the risk of overload.
Parents and children should clearly know the main hygienic requirements regarding the performance of homework: the organization of the workplace, rhythm and the duration of occupation, concentration when they are fulfilled.
2. On the volume and time of homework
Sanpin 2.4.2.1178-02 (for general education institutions) (p. 2.9.4.) And a letter of the Ministry of Education of Russia of September 25, 2000 No. 2021/11-13 "On the organization of training in the first grade of a four-year-old elementary school»Install children's training in grade 1 in compliance with the following requirement - training is carried out without homework and scoring assessment of students' knowledge. In this regard, in the first half of grade 1, it is categorically impossible to set homework (written and oral), and in the second half of the year is allowed within 1 hour (no more).
Home tasks are not asked students primary classes - on weekends, all students - for vacation time.
In a letter in the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation of 02.22.1999 No. 220 / 11-12 "On the inadmissibility of overloading of students in elementary school", it is indicated that homework is given a student elementary school, taking into account the possibilities of their implementation within the following limits: in grade 1 (from 2 half year) - up to 1 hour, 2 - to 1.5 h., In 3-4 - to 2 hours ..
For students 5-9, 10-11 classes, homework are given within the following limits: at 5-6 - to 2.5h., At 7-8 - to 3 hours, in 9-11 - to 4 hours.
At the same time, the individual psycho-physiological features of children are taken into account.
Student overload can cause:
Excessively large homework;
Overly difficult homework;
Nonformation among students of the skills necessary to perform a certain type of task;
Invulsion of students correctly issue a task.
The main cause of overload is the amount of homework, not consistent with the tasks for other subjects.
The time spent on completing the task according to one training subject should not exceed 2 grades - 20 minutes, in 3 and 4 classes - 30 minutes.
The volume of homework should not exceed 30% of the volume of work performed in the class. Tasks marked with a special icon of elevated complexity (*) are not specified at home. The homework for each subject should be strictly regulated by volume and coordinated with tasks for other subjects (Table 1).
Approximate volume of homework for students 2 - 4 classes
p / P.
Academic subject
Grade 2.
Grade 3.
4th grade
Mathematics
Task or 2 columns of examples
Problem or 3 column of examples, but not more than 16
Task and 2 expressions, or 2 tasks, or task and 4 examples
Russian language
15 - 17 words Exercise for homework may include no more than one additional grammatical task
25 - 28 words Exercise for homework may include no more than one additional grammatical task
35 - 37 words Exercise for homework may include no more than one additional grammatical task
not more than 1 - 1.5 pages
no more than 2 - 2.5 pages
no more than 3 - 3.5 pages
not more than 1 - 1.5 pages
no more than 2 - 2.5 pages
no more than 3.5 - 3 pages
3. Basic requirements for homework
By its content, homework may be associated with a material of one or several lessons. They may include (as additional tasks or as part of the main task) repetition of the previously studied. In any case, it is necessary to adhere to the measure: if there is enough main task, it is impractical to overload students inappropriate additional tasks. They must be given when it is really important: in order to repeat the studied material, which is necessary for clearer work when studying a new, or in connection with the preparations for verification work.
As homework, it can exercise the type of complicated write off with insertion (letters, parts of a word, a whole word), an arrangement and explanation of the missed punctuation marks, as well as different types of grammatical parsing.
Reasonable alternation different types Exercises trains all types of memory: visual (for example, when performing exercises to write off), auditory (when compiling an oral story), logical (when making a scheme to the material studied), shaped and emotional (with the oral description of the subject, phenomenon).
Not all kinds of exercises are equally valuable as homework in different specific conditions. Therefore, the teacher is extremely important to solve the issue of the degree of efficiency of each of them in this particular case. Abuse such tasks that significantly increase the time of execution of lessons (to make diagrams, tables, prepare homemade essays, etc.) is unacceptable.
The need for homework must be justified. If the teacher can organize work so that students are mastering all the necessary educational material in the lesson, it may refuse homework for some period.
For homework, such types of tasks are offered, which have already been performed by students in the lesson on their own. Homework should be sat for most students class.
By degree of difficulty, the homework should be approximately equal or more easier for those that were performed in the lesson.
Junior schoolchildren You can offer differentiated homework assignments to choose the task for its forces and interests.
By keeping the main content of the homework, it is partially individualized its goal, the volume, a method of execution.
An indispensable condition for successful learning of the program material is to prepare schoolchildren to fulfill their homework, leadership by the teacher.
Message of homework is not necessary to end with the end of the lesson. The task aimed at securing some skill is better to give immediately after exercises that produce this skill.
Message of homework must be accompanied by a teaching needed for a schoolboy.
Work on the formation of skills to perform tasks included in homework must be carried out at the lesson.
To help students, a teacher may offer reminders to perform certain types of homework (how to solve the problem; how to teach the poem; how to prepare a rendering plan; how to perform work on errors, etc.).
The teacher is obliged to familiarize the parents with the time standards, which is given to the performance of homework, with an approximate day of the day, with the correct organization of the workplace. The teacher explains to parents how to properly assume intelligent help in performing homework.
When performing homework, it is necessary to comply with the main hygienic requirements.
For students of 2 classes after 20 minutes of classes, a break is required for 5 - 10 minutes. During the break, some gymnastics exercises are good, special gymnastics for the eyes is useful.
In the third grade, the duration of classes (without a break) can be increased to 30 - 35 minutes, and in the fourth - up to 40 - 45 minutes. But throughout this time there should be a Physical attack for 2 to 3 minutes. During a large (10-minute) break, students 3 - 4 classes can perform a small homework (for example, pour flowers, rub dust).
In order to improve the quality and effectiveness of the lesson, preventing the overload of children, it is necessary to regulate the norm and the amount of homework:
the volume of homework on oral objects should not exceed the volume of the material studied in the lesson;
the norm of homework on written subjects is not more than 30% of the amount of work performed in the lesson;
if necessary, a differentiated homework is given to secure the material to fulfill it in the interests of the entire class team, for the development of individual abilities of students, as well as for the development of the abilities of particularly gifted children, to recommend students in the necessary cases of the creative nature of homework in the necessary cases;
4. Checking homework
Check your homework - it means to establish the fact of its execution, the correctness of the execution, the quality (both in content and in the form), to identify the authentication, determine the techniques used by students when independent work At home, ultimately determine the preparedness of students for the assimilation of the new material. Checking homework requires a specific system: the content of test materials, its volume and sequence (which and when to check); Types and checks of verification (in which ways and how to check): the procedure for calling students (whom and when to check). The verification system must necessarily provide for the methodology for taking into account knowledge and various forms of its forms that make it possible to cover all students and obtain enough data to judge the knowledge of each student.
Homework loses meaning if they do not regularly check. Checking homework is carried out by the teacher constantly and, as a rule, binds to the material studied. Depending on the content and task of the lesson, checking the homework can be carried out both at the beginning (if the subject of the lesson is a continuation of the previous one) and in the middle or end of the lesson.
The methodology for checking homework students should be extremely flexible, and its forms are diverse as a teacher's task is to take control of not only the systematic performance of a homework, but also the degree of independence of the student in its implementation, as well as the level of learning material The process of homework.
The choice of the control form depends on the degree of communication of the homework, its type and purpose of the lesson.
Possible forms of verification:
frontal check of exercise;
selective verification of the written task;
frontal survey on the task;
performing similar exercise;
mutual task execution;
survey on individual cards;
survey with a challenge to the board.
Grade 1 (from 2 half year) - up to 1 hour,
Grade 2 (from 2 quarters) - up to 1.5 hours
3-4 classes (from 2 quarters) - up to 2 hours,
5-7 classes (from 2 quarters) - up to 2.5 hours,
8-9 classes (from 2 quarters) - up to 3 hours,
10-11 classes (from 2 quarters) - up to 4 hours.
Thus, checking the homework may be frontal and individual. It is impossible to universalize the methods of checking, using the same day on the day. Exit in the rational use of all the above methods. It is important not to delay the checker of homework, which will lead to unproductive losses of the study time.
Registration No. 19993.
In accordance with the Federal Law of 30.03.1999 N 52-FZ "On the Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population" (Meeting of the Legislation Russian Federation, 1999, N 14, Art. 1650; 2002, N 1 (Part 1), Art. 2; 2003, N 2, Art. 167; 2003, N 27 (Part 1), Art. 2700; 2004, N 35, Art. 3607; 2005, N 19, Art. 1752; 2006, N 1, Art. 10; 2006, N 52 (Part 1), Art. 5498; 2007, N 1 (Part 1), Art. 21; 2007, N 1 (Part 1), Art. 29; 2007, N 27, Art. 3213; 2007, N 46, Art. 5554; 2007, N 49, Art. 6070; 2008, N 24, Art. 2801; 2008, N 29 (Part 1), Art. 3418; 2008, N 30 (Part 2), Art. 3616; 2008, N 44, Art. 4984; 2008, N 52 (Part 1), Art. 6223; 2009, N 1, Art. 17; 2010, N 40, Art. 4969) and by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 24.07.2000 N 554 "On approval of the Regulation on the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of the Russian Federation and the Regulation on State Sanitary and Epidemiological Regulation" (Meeting of the legislation of the Russian Federation, 2000, N 31, Art. 3295; 2004 , N 8, Art. 663; 2004, N 47, Art. 4666; 2005, N 39, Art. 3953) decree:
1. To approve the sanitary and epidemiological rules and standards of SanPine 2.4.2.2821-10 "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the conditions and organization of training in general education institutions" (Appendix).
2. To introduce these sanitary and epidemiological rules and standards from September 1, 2011.
3. Since the introduction of SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10, the sanitary-epidemiological rules and standards of SanPiN 2.4.2.1178-02 "Hygienic requirements for training in educational institutions", approved by the Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation, First Deputy Minister of Health, Of the Russian Federation of 28.11.2002 N 44 (registered in the Ministry of Justice of Russia 05.12.2002, registration number 3997), SanPine 2.4.2.2434-08 "Change N 1 to SanPIN 2.4.2.1178-02", approved by the Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation 12.26.2008 N 72 (registered in the Ministry of Justice of Russia 28.01.2009, registration number 13189).
Onishchenko
application
Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the conditions and organization of training in educational institutions
Sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10
I. General provisions and scope
1.1. These sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations (hereinafter referred to as sanitary rules) are aimed at protecting the health of students in the implementation of activities on their training and education in general educational institutions.
1.2. These sanitary rules establish sanitary and epidemiological requirements for:
Placement of a general education institution;
Territory of the educational institution;
Building a general education institution;
Equipment of the premises of the general education institution;
Air-thermal regime of the educational institution;
Natural and artificial lighting;
Water supply and sewage;
Premises and equipment of educational institutions posted in adapted buildings;
Regime of the educational process;
Organization of medical care students;
Sanitary condition and content of the educational institution;
Compliance with sanitary rules.
1.3. Sanitary rules apply to the designed, current, under construction and reconstructed general education institutions regardless of their species, organizational and legal forms of ownership.
These sanitary rules apply to all general educational institutions implementing primary general, basic general and secondary (complete) general education and the educational process in accordance with the levels of general education programs of three general education stages:
the first step is an initial general education (hereinafter - I level of education);
the second step is the main general education (hereinafter - II stage of education);
the third step is the secondary (full) general education (hereinafter - the III stage of education).
1.4. These sanitary rules are mandatory for all citizens, legal entities and individual entrepreneurs whose activities are related to the design, construction, reconstruction, exploitation of general education institutions, education and training of students.
1.5. Educational activities are subject to licensing in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation. The condition for making a decision on the issuance of a license is the submission of a license applicant for the sanitary and epidemiological conclusion on the compliance of the sanitary rules of buildings, territories, premises, equipment and other property, the educational process regime that the license seeker assumes to use for the implementation of educational activities *.
1.6. In the presence of pre-school groups in the establishment of pre-school groups that implement the main general education program preschool educationTheir activity is regulated by the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the device, the content and organization of the mode of operation of pre-school organizations.
1.7. The use of premises of general educational institutions is not allowed.
1.8. Control over the implementation of these sanitary rules is carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation by an authorized federal executive body that performs functions to control and oversight in ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population, the protection of consumer rights and the consumer market and its territorial bodies.
II. Requirements for the placement of general education institutions
2.1. The provision of land plots for the construction of objects of general education institutions is allowed if there is a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion on the compliance of the land plot of sanitary regulations.
2.2. The buildings of general educational institutions should be placed in the residential building area, outside the sanitary protection zones of enterprises, structures and other facilities, sanitary gaps, garages, car parks, highways, railway transport facilities, metro, take-off and landing routes.
To ensure the regulatory levels of insolation and natural lighting of premises and playgrounds in placement of buildings of general education institutions, sanitary gaps from residential and public buildings should be observed.
Through the territory of general education institutions should not be held by the main engineering communications of the city (rural) appointment - water supply, sewage, heat supply, power supply.
2.3. The newly under construction buildings of educational institutions are located on intravartial areas of residential microdistrics, remote from urban streets, escorporations for distance, providing noise and pollution levels atmospheric air The requirements of sanitary rules and standards.
2.4. When designing and building urban educational institutions, it is recommended to provide for pedestrian availability of institutions located:
In the II and III construction and climatic zones - not more than 0.5 km;
In the I Climatic Area (I subzone) for students of the I and II level of education - not more than 0.3 km, for students of the III Education Steps - not more than 0.4 km;
In the I Climatic Area (II (II) for students of the I and II level of education - no more than 0.4 km, for students of the III level of education - not more than 0.5 km.
2.5. In rural areas, pedestrian accessibility for students of general education institutions:
In the II and III climatic zones for students of I, the level of formation is no more than 2.0 km;
For students of the II and III level of education - no more than 4.0 km, in the I climatic zone - 1.5 and 3 km, respectively.
Upon distances of the above-mentioned general educational institutions located in rural areas, it is necessary to organize transport services to a general education institution and back. Time on the way should not exceed 30 minutes in one direction.
Bridges of students are carried out by specially allocated by transport intended for the transport of children.
The optimal pedestrian approach of students to the gathering at the stop must be no more than 500 m. For rural areas, an increase in the radius of pedestrian availability is allowed to stop up to 1 km.
2.6. It is recommended for students living in a distance above the maximum permissible transport services, as well as during transport unavailability during adverse weather conditions, provide for the boarding school with a general education institution.
III. Requirements for the territory of general education institutions
3.1. The territory of the general education institution should be fenced by the fence and landscaped. Gardening of the territory provides for at least 50% of its territory area. When placing the territory of a general education institution at the border with forest and garden arrays, it is allowed to reduce the area of \u200b\u200blandscaping by 10%.
Trees planted at a distance of at least 15.0 m, and shrubs at least 5.0 m from the institution building. When landscaping areas, trees and shrubs with poisonous fruits do not use in order to prevent the occurrence of students' poisoning.
It is allowed to reduce landscaping by trees and shrubs of territories of general education institutions in the regions of the Far North, taking into account the special climatic conditions in these areas.
3.2. In the territory of the educational institution, the following zones are distinguished: recreation area, physical education and sports and economic. The highlighting of the training and experimental zone is allowed.
When organizing an experimental zone, a reduction in the physical culture and sports zone and recreation area is not allowed.
3.3. The physical training area is recommended to be placed on the part of the sports hall. When placing the physical culture and sports area from the windows of training premises, noise levels in training rooms should not exceed hygiene regulations for the premises of residential, public buildings and residential territory.
With the device of treadmills and sports fields (volleyball, basketball, for playing in the manual ball), it is necessary to provide drainage to prevent flooding them with rainwater.
The equipment of the sports and sports zone should ensure the implementation of the training subject programs "Physical Culture", as well as carrying out sectional sports activities and health events.
Sports playgrounds must have a solid coating, a football field - herbal cover. Synthetic and polymer coatings should be frost-resistant, equipped with drainage and should be made of materials harmless to children's health.
Classes on raw venues having irregularities and potholes are not conducted.
Physical and sports equipment must comply with the growth and age of students.
3.4. To fulfill the training subject programs, "Physical Culture" is allowed to use sports facilities (platforms, stadiums), located near the institution and equipped in accordance with the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the device and the content of classes in physical culture and sports.
3.5. When designing and building educational institutions on the territory, it is necessary to provide a recreation area for organizing mobile games and recreation of students who attend the groups of an extended day, as well as to implement educational programs that provide for the implementation of outdoor activities.
3.6. The economic zone is located on the part of the entrance to the industrial premises of the dining room and has an independent entry from the street. In the absence of heat and centralized water supply on the territory of the economic zone, there are boiler room and pumping with water tank.
3.7. To collect waste on the territory of the economic zone, a platform is equipped for which garbagers (containers) are installed. The playground is located at a distance of at least 25.0 m from the entrance to the sceners and the windows of training classes and the cabinets and is equipped with a waterproof solid coating, the dimensions of which exceed the area of \u200b\u200bthe base of containers per 1.0 m in all parties. The garbagers must have tightly closing covers.
3.8. Entrances and entrances to the territory, passages, tracks towards the economic buildings, to the groundscreen sites are covered with asphalt, concrete and other solid coating.
3.9. The territory of the institution should have outdoor artificial lighting. The level of artificial illumination on Earth should be at least 10 LCs.
3.10. The location on the territory of construction and structures that are not functionally connected with a general educational institution is not allowed.
3.11. If there is pre-school groups in the general educational institution, implementing the main general education program for pre-school education, a game zone is allocated, equipped in accordance with the requirements for the device, content and organization of the mode of operation of pre-school organizations.
3.12. Noise levels on the territory of the educational institution should not exceed hygienic standards for premises of residential, public buildings and residential territory.
IV. Requirements for the building
4.1. Architectural and planning solutions of the building must provide:
Selection of primary classrooms in a separate unit of training facilities with outputs to the site;
The location of recreational premises in close proximity to educational premises;
Accommodation on the upper floors (above the third floor) of training premises and cabinets visited by studying 8 - 11 classes, administrative and economic premises;
Elimination of the harmful effects of habitat factors in a general education institution for the lives and health of students;
Placement of training workshops, acts and sports halls of general education institutions, their total areaAs well as a set of rooms for circle work, depending on the local conditions and opportunities of the educational institution, in compliance with the requirements of the construction standards and rules and these sanitary rules.
Previously built buildings of educational institutions are operated in accordance with the project.
4.2. It is not allowed to use basement floors and basements for training premises, cabinets, laboratories, training workshops, medical facilities, sports, dance and acts.
4.3. The capacity of the newly under construction or reconstructed general education institutions should be calculated for learning only in one shift.
4.4. The entrances to the building can be equipped with vestiburs or air and air vents, depending on the climatic zone and the calculated outdoor air temperature, in accordance with the requirements of the construction standards and rules.
4.5. When designing, building and reconstructing a building of a general education institution, a wardrobe must be placed on the 1st floor with mandatory equipment of places for each class. Wardrobe equipping with clothes hangers and shoe cells.
In the existing buildings for primary school students, it is possible to place a wardrobe in recreations, provided that they are equipped with individual cabinets.
In the institutions located in the countryside, with the number of not more than 10 people studying in one class, allowed to arrange the wardrobes (hangers or lockers) in classrooms, subject to the norm of the area of \u200b\u200btraining at 1 studying.
4.6. Studying primary schools should be trained in the classrooms enshrined at each class.
4.7. In the newly under construction buildings of general education institutions, training premises are recommended for primary classes to allocate in a separate unit (building), grouping in training sections.
In class sections (blocks) for students of 1 - 4 classes: training rooms with recreations, game rooms for groups of extended day (based on at least 2.5 m 2 per student), toilets.
For students of 1st grade attending the extended day groups, bedrooms should be provided with an area of \u200b\u200bat least 4.0 m 2 per child.
4.8. For students II - III, the level of education is allowed to organize an educational process according to the classroom-off system.
If it is impossible to provide in the cabinets and laboratories, the compliance of educational furniture by the growth-age features of students to use the Cabinet system of training is not recommended.
In general education institutions located in rural areas, with a small filling of classes, the use of training books on two or more disciplines is allowed.
4.9. The area of \u200b\u200bstudy office is made without registering the area necessary for the arrangement of additional furniture (cabinets, cabinets and others) for storing textbooks and equipment used in the educational process, at the rate of:
Not less than 2.5 m 2 per 1 studying at frontal classes;
Not less than 3.5 m 2 per 1 studying when organizing group forms of work and individual exercises.
In the newly under construction and reconstructed buildings of general educational institutions, the height of training premises should be at least 3.6 m 2.
The calculated number of students in the classes is determined based on the calculation of the area per student and furniture arrangement in accordance with section V of these sanitary rules.
4.10. In the cabinets of chemistry, physics, biology should be equipped with laboratory manual.
4.11. The area of \u200b\u200bcomputer science and other cabinets, where personal computers are used, must comply with the hygienic requirements for personal electronic computing machines and work organization.
4.12. Set and area of \u200b\u200bpremises for extracurricular activities, circular classes and sections must comply with sanitary and epidemiological requirements for institutions additional education Children.
When placing a sports hall on the 2nd floor and above, sound and vibration-insulating measures should be performed.
The number and types of sports halls are envisaged depending on the type of general education and its capacity.
4.14. In sports halls in existing educational institutions, shelling should be provided; Terminal for boys and girls. It is recommended to equip at the sports halls separate for boys and girls showers, toilets.
4.15. In the newly under construction buildings of general education institutions, at the sports halls should be provided: shellenges; premises for storing cleaning equipment and preparation of disinfecting and detergent solutions with an area of \u200b\u200bat least 4.0 m 2; Separate for boys and girls of the locker area of \u200b\u200bat least 14.0 m 2 each; Separate for boys and girls showers at least 12 m 2 each; Separate for boys and girls toilets with an area of \u200b\u200bat least 8.0 m 2 each. With toilets or changing rooms, equip the shells for washing hands.
4.16. When applying basins in general education institutions, planning solutions and its operation must meet the hygienic requirements for the device, the operation of swimming pools and water quality.
4.17. In general educational institutions, it is necessary to provide a set of premises for the organization of food students in accordance with the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the organization of the nutrition of students in educational institutions, institutions of primary and medium vocational education.
4.18. In the construction and reconstruction of buildings of general education institutions, it is recommended to provide for an assembly hall, the dimensions of which are determined by the number of seats at the rate of 0.65 m 2 per place.
4.19. The type of library depends on the type of educational institution and its capacity. In institutions with in-depth study of individual items, gymnasiums and lyceums, the library should be used as a reference and information center of the general education institution.
The Library Square (Information Center) must be taken at least 0.6 m 2 per student.
In the equipment of information centers, computer equipment must comply with hygienic requirements for personal electronic and computing machines and organization of work.
4.20. Recreation of general education institutions should be provided for at least 0.6 m 2 per 1 studying.
The width of recreations with one-sided arrangement of classes should be at least 4.0 m, with a bilateral location of classes - at least 6.0 m.
When designing the recreation zone in the form of harvesters, the area is set at the rate of 2 m 2 per student.
4.21. In the existing buildings of general educational institutions for medical care, students should be provided on the first floor of the building of the medical facilitation, placed in a single unit: a doctor's office with an area of \u200b\u200bat least 14.0 m 2 and a length of at least 7.0 m (to determine the hearing of hearing and vision of students ) and procedural (vaccinative) Cabinet with an area of \u200b\u200bat least 14.0 m 2.
In general education institutions located in rural areas, the organization of medical care is allowed at the paramedic-obstetric items and ambulance.
4.22. For newly under construction and reconstructed buildings, general education institutions should be equipped with the following premises for medical care: a doctor's office with a length of at least 7.0 m (to determine the acuteness of hearing and vision of students) with an area of \u200b\u200bat least 21.0 m 2; Procedural and vaccination cabinets with an area of \u200b\u200bat least 14.0 m 2 each; the premises for the preparation of disinfecting solutions and storage of cleaning equipment intended for medical premises, with an area of \u200b\u200bat least 4.0 m 2; restroom.
When equipped with a dental office, its area should be at least 12.0 m 2.
All medical facilities should be grouped in one block and are placed on the 1st floor of the building.
4.23. Cabinet of the doctor, procedural, vaccination and dental cabinets are equipped in accordance with the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for organizations carrying out medical activities. The vaccination office is equipped in accordance with the requirements for organizing the immunoprophylaxis of infectious diseases.
4.24. For children in need of psychological and pedagogical assistance, in general educational institutions there are separate rooms of the teacher-psychologist and the teacher-speech therapist with an area of \u200b\u200bat least 10 m 2 each.
4.25. On each floor there should be toilets for boys and girls equipped with cabins with doors. The number of sanitary appliances is determined at the rate of: 1 toilet 20 girls, 1 washbasin for 30 girls: 1 toilet bowl, 1 urinal and 1 washbasin for 30 boys. The area of \u200b\u200bsanitary nodes for boys and girls should be taken at least 0.1 m 2 per student.
For personnel, a separate bathroom is distinguished at the rate of 1 toilet for 20 people.
In the previously built buildings of general education institutions, the number of sanitary nodes and sanitary devices in accordance with the design solution is allowed.
In sanitary nodes, pedal buckets, toilet paper holders are installed; Next to the washbasin sinks placed an electric fiber or a device for a paper towel. Sanitary equipment must be good, without chipping, cracks and other defects. The inputs in the bathrooms are not allowed opposite the entrance to the training facilities.
The toilet bowls are equipped with seats made from materials that make them processing with detergent and disinfectants.
For students of the II and III levels of education in newly under construction and reconstructed buildings, educational institutions include personal hygiene rooms at the rate of 1 cabin on 70 people with an area of \u200b\u200bat least 3.0 m 2. They are equipped with a bidet or a pallet with a flexible hose, a toilet and wash sink with a storm cold and hot water.
For previously built buildings of general educational institutions, it is recommended to equip personal care cabins in toilet rooms.
4.26. The newly under construction buildings of educational institutions on each floor provides for a premises for storing and processing cleaning equipment, preparation of disinfection solutions, equipped with a pallet and a liner for cold and hot water it. In the previously built buildings of general education institutions, a separate place is allocated for the storage of all cleaning equipment (except for the inventory intended for cleaning the premises of the food and medical destination), which is equipped with a cabinet.
4.27. In the premises of primary classes, laboratory, training cabinets (chemistry, physics, drawing, biology), workshops, housekeeping cabinets, washbasins are installed in all medical premises.
The installation of shells in training premises should be provided, taking into account the growth of the student: at an altitude of 0.5 m from the floor to the side of the shell for students of 1 - 4 classes and at a height of 0.7 - 0.8 m on the floor to the side of the shell for Studying 5 - 11 classes. Near the shells set pedal buckets, toilet paper holders. Next to the washbasin sinks placed electric or paper towels, soap. Soap, toilet paper and towels must be in stock all the time.
4.28. The ceilings and walls of all rooms should be smooth, without cracks, cracks, deformations, signs of lesions of fungus and allowing their cleaning with a wet method using disinfectants. It is allowed in training rooms, cabinets, recreations and other premises equipment of suspended ceilings from materials allowed for use in general educational institutions, provided that the height of the premises is not less than 2.75 m, and in the newly under construction of at least 3.6 m.
4.29. Floors in classrooms and cabinets and recreations must have a platform, parquet, tile coating or linoleum. In the case of using a tile coating, the surface of the tile must be matte and rough, not allowing glide. The floors of the toilet and washrooms are recommended to be selected by ceramic tiles.
Floors in all rooms should be without cracks, defects and mechanical damage.
4.30. In the premises of medical purposes, the surface of the ceiling, walls and gender should be smooth, allowing their cleaning with a wet method and resistant to the action of detergents and disinfectants allowed for use in medical premises.
4.31. All construction and finishing materials should be harmless to the health of children.
4.32. In general education institution and a school boarding school, all types of repair work are allowed in the presence of students.
4.33. The composition of the educational institution as a structural unit may include a boarding school with a general educational institution, if the general educational institution has been placed over the maximum permissible transport service.
The boarding school at a general education institution may be separate, as well as to be part of the main building of the general education institution with the allocation of it to an independent unit with a separate entrance.
As part of the premises of the boarding school, with a general educational institution should be provided:
Sleeping rooms are separate for boys and girls with an area of \u200b\u200bat least 4.0 m 2 per person;
Premises for self-preparation with an area of \u200b\u200bat least 2.5 m 2 per person;
Rest rooms and psychological unloading;
Wash rooms (1 sink for 10 people), toilets (1 toilet for 10 girls, 1 toilet and 1 urinal for 20 boys, in every toilet 1 shell for washing hands), showers (1 shower grid for 20 people), hygiene room. Pedal buckets, toilet paper holders install in toilets; Next to washbasin sinks are placed electrical or paper towels and soap. Soap, toilet paper and towels should be in stock constantly;
Rooms for drying clothes and shoes;
Premises for washing and ironing personal belongings;
Personal storage room;
Medical Premises: Doctor's Cabinet and
Insulator;
Administrative and economic premises.
Equipment, finishing of premises and their maintenance must comply with the hygienic requirements for the device, content, organization of the mode of operation in orphanages and boarding schools for orphans and children left without parental care.
For the newly built boarding school, with a general education institution, the main building of the educational institution and the boarding school are connected by a warm transition.
4.34. Noise levels in the premises of the educational institution should not exceed hygienic standards for premises of residential, public buildings and residential territory
V. Requirements for premises and equipment
general educational institutions
5.1. The number of jobs for students should not exceed the capacity of the general education institution provided for by the project to be built (reconstructed) the building.
Each studyable is provided by the workplace (at the desktop or table, game modules and others) in accordance with its growth.
5.2. Depending on the appointment of training premises, various types of student furniture can be used: school desk, student tables (single and double), classroom, drawing or laboratory tables complete with chairs, boots and others. Stools or benches instead of chairs are not used.
Student furniture should be made of materials harmless to the health of children, and correspond to the growth-age features of children and the requirements of ergonomics.
5.3. The main type of student furniture for students of the I Education Steps should be a school desk, provided by the tilt knob of the working plane. During the training, the letter and reading the slope of the working surface of the school desk plane should be 7-15. The front edge of the seat surface must go for the front edge of the working plane of the part tickets by 4 cm at the 1st number part, 5 to 6 cm - the 2nd and 3rd numbers and at 7 to 8 cm at the 4th number.
The dimensions of the educational furniture depending on the growth of students must comply with the values \u200b\u200bshown in Table 1.
A combined option of using different types of student furniture (desks, boots) is allowed.
Depending on the growth group, the height above the edge of the front edge of the desktop of the desktop addressed to the learning should have the following values: at a body length 1150 - 1300 mm - 750 mm, 1300 - 1450 mm - 850 mm and 1450 - 1600 mm - 950 mm. The angle of inclination of the countertop is 15 - 17.
The duration of continuous operation behind the desk for students I does not have to exceed 7-10 minutes, and for students II - III levels of education - 15 minutes.
5.4. For the selection of educational furniture, respectively, the growth of students is produced by its color marking, which is applied to the visible side outer surface of the table and the chair in the form of a circle or strips.
5.5. Parts (tables) are set in classrooms by numbers: smaller - closer to the board, large - further. For children with a hearing impairment, the desks should be placed in the first row.
Children, often ill-friendly ORZ, angns, colds, should be searched on from the outer wall.
At least two times for the academic year of students sitting on extreme rows, 1 and 3 rows (with a three-row partitioning part), change places without disturbing the compliance of furniture to their growth.
In order to prevent posture disorders, it is necessary to educate the correct working posture from the studies from the first days of visiting activities in accordance with the recommendations of Annex 1 of these sanitary rules.
5.6. In the equipment of training premises, the following sizes and distances in centimeters are observed:
Between the rows of double tables - at least 60;
Between near the tables and the outer longitudinal wall - at least 50 - 70;
Between the tables and the inner longitudinal wall (partition) or cabinets standing along this wall - at least 50;
From the last tables to the wall (partition), opposite to the blackboard, is at least 70, from the rear wall, which is outer, - 100;
From the demonstration table to the classroom - at least 100;
From the first part of the study board - at least 240;
The greatest distance last place studying from the study board - 860;
The height of the lower edge of the educational board above the floor - 70 - 90;
The distance from the class board to the first row of tables in square or transverse configuration cabins at a four-row furniture arrangement is at least 300.
The angle of visibility of the board from the edge of the board with a length of 3.0 m to the middle of the extreme place of the learner behind the front table should be at least 35 degrees for students of the II - III level of formation and at least 45 degrees for students' learning.
The place removed from the windows the place of classes should not be further 6.0 m.
In general educational institutions of the first climatic area, the distances of the tables (parties) from the outer wall should be at least 1.0 m.
When installing the desktop in addition to the main student furniture, they are located behind the last row of tables or the first next to the wall opposite to the literasty, in compliance with the requirements for the size of the passages and distances between the equipment.
This placement of furniture does not apply to training facilities equipped with interactive boards.
In the newly under construction and reconstructed buildings of general education institutions, it is necessary to provide for a rectangular configuration of training premises and cabinets with the location of the student tables along the windows and left-sided natural light.
5.7. Cool boards (using chalk) should be made of materials having high adhesion with materials used for the letter, well cleaned with a damp sponge, be wear-resistant, have a dark green color and anti-reflective coating.
Cool boards must have trays for detaining the chalk dust, storage of chalk, rags, drawing holders.
When using a marker board, the color of the marker should be contrasting (black, red, brown, dark tones of blue and green).
Equipment equipment and cabinets are allowed by interactive boards that meet hygienic requirements. When using an interactive boards and a projection screen, it is necessary to ensure uniform lighting and the absence of light spots of increased brightness.
5.8. Cabinets of physics and chemistry should be equipped with special demonstration tables. To ensure the best visibility of educational and visual benefits, the demonstration table is installed on the podium. Student and demonstration tables must be resistant to the action of aggressive chemical substances Coating and protective sides along the outer edge of the table.
Cabinet chemistry and laboratory articles are equipped with exhaust cabinets.
5.9. Equipment of computer science offices must comply with the hygienic requirements for personal electronic computing machines and work organization.
5.10. Workshops for labor learning should have an area at the rate of 6.0 m 2 per 1 workplace. Accommodation in workshops is carried out taking into account the creation of favorable conditions for visual work and maintaining the right working posture.
Joiner's workshops are equipped with workbenches, arranged either at an angle of 45 to the window, or in 3 rows perpendicular to the light-handing wall so that the light falls on the left. The distance between the vestics should be at least 0.8 m in the front-rear direction.
In the locksmith, workshops are allowed both left-sided and right-sided lighting with perpendicular location of the workbenches to the light-handing wall. The distance between the rows of single workbackers should be at least 1.0 m, double - 1.5 m. The vice are attached to the workbenches at a distance of 0.9 m between their axes. Flooring workbenches must be equipped with a 0.65-0.7 m high safety net.
Drilling, grinding and other machines must be installed on a special foundation and equipped with safety nets, glasses and local lighting.
Carpentry and plumbing workbenches must correspond to the growth of students and equipped with footrest.
The dimensions of the tools used for carpentry and plumbing work must correspond to the age and growth of students (Appendix 2 of these sanitary rules).
Merchant and carpentry workshops and maintenance rooms are equipped with washbasin sinks with stamp cold and hot water, electric folotheans or paper towels.
5.11. In the newly under construction and reconstructed buildings of general education institutions in housekeeping cabinets, it is necessary to provide for at least two premises: to train cooking skills and for cutting and sewing.
5.12. In the housekeeping office used to teach cooking skills, it is envisaged to install two-pitted washing sinks with a liner of cold and hot water with a mixer, at least 2 tables with hygienic coating, refrigerators, electric stoves and wardrobes for storage of dishes. Near the washing shells should be provided by the allowed washing products for washing the dining room.
5.13. Cabinet of housekeeping used for cutting and sewing, is equipped with tables for drawing patterns and cutting, sewing machines.
Sewing machines are installed along the windows to provide left-sided natural light on the working surface of the sewing machine or opposite the window for the direct (front) natural lighting of the working surface.
5.14. In the existing buildings of general educational institutions, if there is one Cabinet of the housekeeping, it is envisaged a separate place to accommodate electrical stoves, cutting tables, washing for dishes and washbasin.
5.15. Workshops of labor learning and home-generating office, sports halls must be equipped with first-aid kit to provide the first medical care.
5.16. Equipment training facilities intended for classes artistic creativity, choreography and music, must comply with the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for institutions of additional education of children.
5.17. In the game rooms, furniture, gaming and sports equipment must comply with Rosthodiy data. Furniture should be placed around the perimeter of the game room, thereby freeing the maximum part of the area for moving games.
When using upholstered furniture, it is necessary to have removable covers (at least two), with a mandatory replacement of them at least 1 time per month and as dirty. Special cabinets are installed for storing toys and benefits.
Televisions are installed on special stands at an altitude of 1.0 - 1.3 m from the floor. When watching TV shows, the placement of visual seats should provide a distance of at least 2 m from the screen to the eye of the students.
5.18. Sleeping rooms for first-graders visiting a long-day group must be separate for boys and girls. They are equipped with teenage (1600 x 700 mm) or built-in single-tiered beds. Beds in the bedrooms are placed in compliance with the minimum breaks: from outer walls - not less than 0.6 m, from heating devices - 0.2 m, the width of the passage between the beds is at least 1.1 m, between the heads of two beds - 0.3 - 0.4 m.
Vi. Requirements for air-thermal regime
6.1. Buildings of general educational institutions are equipped with centralized heating and ventilation systems, which must comply with the standards for the design and construction of residential and public buildings and ensure the optimal parameters of the microclimate and the air environment.
Steam heating in institutions is not used. When installing the fencing of heating devices, the materials used must be harmless to the health of children.
Fences from chipboard and other polymeric materials are not allowed.
It is not allowed to use portable heating devices, as well as heaters with infrared radiation.
6.2. The air temperature depending on the climatic conditions in the classrooms and cabinets, the offices of the psychologist and speech therapist, laboratories, the assembly hall, dining room, recreation, library, lobby, the wardrobe should be 18 - 24 s; In the gym and rooms for sectional classes, workshops - 17 - 20 s; Bedroom, game rooms, premises of subdivisions of pre-school education and a school boarding school - 20 - 24 s; medical offices, dressing rooms of the gym - 20 - 22 s, shower - 25 S.
For control temperature mode Academic premises and cabinets must be equipped with household thermometers.
6.3. In extracurricular time, in the absence of children in the premises of the educational institution, the temperature should be maintained not lower than 15 S.
6.4. In the premises of general educational institutions, the relative humidity of the air should be 40 - 60%, the speed of air movement is not more than 0.1 m / s.
6.5. In the presence of furnace heating in the existing buildings of general educational institutions, the furnace is arranged in the corridor. In order to avoid air pollution, carbon monoxide premises, chimneys are closed not previously completely combustion of fuel and no later than two hours before the arrival of students.
For newly under construction and reconstructed buildings of general educational institutions, furnace heating is not allowed.
6.6. Academic premises are ventilated during changes, and recreational - during the lessons. Before the start of classes and after their end, it is necessary to carry out through conducting training premises. The duration of through ventilation is determined weather conditions, direction and speed of wind movement, efficiency of the heating system. The recommended duration of through ventilation is shown in Table 2.
6.7. The lessons of physical culture and sessions of sports sections should be carried out in well-aerated sports halls.
It is necessary during classes in the hall to open one or two windows from a leeward side at an outdoor temperature above plus 5 s and wind movement speed not more than 2 m / s. At a lower temperature and greater speed of air traffic, classes in the hall are carried out at an open one - three fraamugs. At an outdoor temperature below minus 10 С and air movement speed of more than 7 m / s through ventilation of the hall is carried out in the absence of students 1 - 1.5 minutes; In large changes and between shifts - 5 - 10 minutes.
When the air temperature is reached, plus 14 with ventilation in the gym should be stopped.
6.8. The windows must be equipped with folding framugs with lever devices or forwarders. The area of \u200b\u200bFramug and the velocity used for airing, in training rooms should be at least 1/50 of the floor area. Framuga and submarines must function at any time of the year.
6.9. When replacing window blocks, the glazing area must be saved or increased.
The window opening plane should provide ventilation mode.
6.10. Glazing windows must be made of solid fiberglass. Replacing broken glasses should be carried out immediately.
6.11. Separate exhaust ventilation systems should be provided for the following premises: training facilities and cabinets, assets, pools, tires, dining room, medical center, film equipment, sanitary assemblies, premises for processing and storing cleaning equipment, carpentry and plumbing workshops.
Mechanical exhaust ventilation is equipped in the workshops and cabinets of service work, where plates are installed.
6.12. The concentrations of harmful substances in the air of premises of general education institutions should not exceed hygienic standards for atmospheric air inhabited.
VII. Requirements for natural and artificial lighting
7.1. Daylight.
7.1.1. All training premises should have natural lighting in accordance with hygienic requirements for natural, artificial, combined coverage of residential and public buildings.
7.1.2. Without natural light, it is allowed to design: shell, washbasin, showers, toilets at the gymnastic hall; showers and staff toilets; storerooms and warehouses, radios; Film Factory; bookulatory; Boiler, pumping water supply and sewage; Ventilation and air conditioning chambers; control nodes and other rooms for installation and management of engineering and technological equipment of buildings; Premises for storing disinfectants.
7.1.3. In classrooms it is necessary to design lateral natural left-sided lighting. With the depth of study premises, more than 6 m is required to the device of the right-hand reference, the height of which should be at least 2.2 m from the floor.
It is not allowed to send the main light flux in front and rear from students.
7.1.4. In workshops for labor learning, acts and sports halls, bilateral lateral natural lighting can be used.
7.1.5. In the premises of general educational institutions, the normalized values \u200b\u200bof the natural light coefficient (CEO) are provided in accordance with the hygienic requirements for natural, artificial, combined coverage of residential and public buildings.
7.1.6. In classrooms, with one-sided lateral natural lighting of Keo on the working surface of the partner in the premises most distant from the windows, at least 1.5% should be. With double-sided lateral natural lighting, the CEO indicator is calculated on the middle rows and should be 1.5%.
The light coefficient (SC - the ratio of the area of \u200b\u200bthe glazed surface to the floor area) should be at least 1: 6.
7.1.7. The windows of training premises must be focused on the southern, southeastern and eastern sides of the horizon. On the northern sides of the horizon, windows of drawing rooms, drawing, as well as kitchen room can be oriented. Orientation of computer science offices - north, northeast.
7.1.8. Lights of training premises depending on the climatic zone are equipped with adjustable sunscreen (lifting-rotary blinds, tissue curtains) with a length not lower than the windowsill level.
It is recommended to use curtains from tissues of light tones, which have a sufficient degree of light transmission, good light scattering properties that should not reduce the level of natural lighting. The use of curtains (curtains), including curtains with lambrequins, from a polyvinyl chloride film and other curtains or devices that limit natural illumination is not allowed.
In the non-working condition, the curtains must be placed in stocks between the windows.
7.1.9. For the rational use of daylight and uniform lighting of educational premises, it follows:
Do not paint window windows;
Do not put flowers on the windowsill, they are placed in portable floral rooms with a height of 65 - 70 cm from the floor or suspended porridge in stocks between the windows;
Cleaning and washing glasses spend as pollution, but at least 2 times a year (in autumn and spring).
The duration of insolation in training premises and cabinets should be continuous, by duration of at least:
2.5 hours in the northern zone (north of 58 degrees S.Sh.);
2.0 hours in the central zone (58 - 48 degrees S.Sh.);
1.5 hours in the southern zone (south of 48 degrees S.Sh.).
The lack of insolation in educational cabinets of informatics, physics, chemistry, drawing and drawing, sports and gym, satellite premises, assembly hall, administrative and economic premises.
7.2. Artificial lighting
7.2.1. In all rooms of the educational institution, artificial illumination levels are ensured in accordance with hygienic requirements for natural, artificial, combined coverage of residential and public buildings.
7.2.2. In training rooms, the overall lighting system is provided by ceiling lights. It provides for luminescent lighting using lamps on color emission spectrum: white, warm-white, natural white.
The lamps used for artificial lighting of training premises should provide a favorable brightness distribution in the field of view, which is limited by the discomfort (MT). The discomfort of the lighting lighting of general illumination for any workplace in the class should not exceed 40 units.
7.2.3. Do not use fluorescent lamps and incandescent lamps for general lighting.
7.2.4. In classrooms, audiences, laboratories, light levels must comply with the following standards: at work desks - 300 - 500 LCs, in technical drawing and drawing offices - 500 LCs, in computer scan cabinets - 300 - 500 LCs, on the chalkboard - 300 - 300 500 LCs, in the acts and sports halls (on the floor) - 200 LCs, in recreation (on the floor) - 150 LC.
When using computer equipment and the need to combine the perception of information from the screen and keep a record in the notebook lighting on the tables of students should be no less than 300 LCs.
7.2.5. In classrooms, the system of general lighting should be applied. Luminescent lamp lamps are located in parallel to the light-mounted wall at a distance of 1.2 m from the outer wall and 1.5 m from the inner.
7.2.6. A cool board that does not have its own luminescence is equipped with local lighting - sofits intended for highlighting class boards.
7.2.7. When designing an artificial lighting system for training premises, it is necessary to provide separate inclusion of lines of fixtures.
7.2.8. For the rational use of artificial light and uniform lighting of training premises, it is necessary to use finishing materials and paints that create a matte surface with reflection coefficients: for the ceiling - 0.7 - 0.9; for walls - 0.5 - 0.7; For floor - 0.4 - 0.5; For furniture and part - 0.45; For class boards - 0.1 - 0.2.
It is recommended to use the following colors of paints: for ceilings - white, for the walls of classrooms - bright tones of yellow, beige, pink, green, blue; for furniture (cabinets, parties) - color of natural wood or light green; for class boards - dark green, dark brown; For doors, window frames are white.
7.2.9. It is necessary to clean the lighting fittings of the lamps as dirty, but at least 2 times a year and to replace blinking lamps in a timely manner.
7.2.10. Faulty, burned fluorescent lamps are collected in a container in a specially dedicated room and sent to disposal in accordance with the current regulatory documents.
VIII. Requirements for water supply and sewage
8.1. Buildings of general educational institutions should be equipped with centralized systems of drinking water supply, sewage and drainage in accordance with the requirements for public buildings and facilities in terms of economic and drinking water supply and drainage.
Cold and hot centralized water supply are provided by the premises of the educational institution, pre-school education and boarding schools, including: premises of the metering, dining room, buffet, showers, washbasins, personal care cabins, medical facilities, workshops of labor learning, housekeeping offices, initial premises classes, drawing rooms, physics, chemistry and biology, laboratory, premises for processing cleaning equipment and toilets in newly under construction and reconstructed general educational institutions.
8.2. In the absence of B. settlement Centralized water supply in existing buildings of general education institutions It is necessary to ensure continuous feed cold water In the premises of the food, premises of medical purposes, toilets, boarding schools with a general education institution and pre-school education and water heating systems.
8.3. Education institutions provide water that meets the hygienic requirements for the quality and safety of drinking water water supply.
8.4. In the buildings of general educational institutions, the dining room sewage system must be separate from the rest and have an independent release into an outdoor sewage system. Through the production facilities of the canteen should not be risening of the sewage system from the upper floors.
8.5. In non-bankanized rural areas, the building of general educational institutions are equipped with internal sewage system (such as luftchals) under the condition of the device for local treatment facilities. The equipment is allowed toilet.
8.6. In general educational institutions, the drinking regime of students is organized in accordance with the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the organization of the nutrition of students in educational institutions, institutions of primary and secondary vocational education.
IX. Requirements for the premises and equipment of general education institutions posted in adapted buildings
9.1. The placement of general education institutions in adapted premises is possible at the time of major repairs (reconstruction) of existing main buildings of general educational institutions.
9.2. When placing a general education institution in the adapted building, it is necessary to have a mandatory set of premises: training classes, facilities for nutrition, medical facilities, recreation, administrative premises, bathrooms, wardrobe.
9.3. Square of training premises and cabinets are determined based on the number of students in one class in accordance with the requirements of these sanitary rules.
9.4. In the absence of the opportunity to equip its own gym should be used by sports facilities located near the educational institution, subject to compliance with their requirements for the device and the content of classes in physical culture and sports.
9.5. For small general educational institutions located in rural areas, in the absence of the opportunity to equip its own medical center, the organization of medical care is allowed at the Feldsher-obstetric items and ambulatory.
9.6. In the absence of a wardrobe, equipment of individual lockers located in recreations, corridors are allowed.
X. Hygienic requirements for the formation of the educational process
10.1. The optimal age of the beginning of school learning is not earlier than 7 years. In the 1st grades, children take the 8th or 7th year of life. Reception of children of the 7th year of life is carried out with the achievement by September 1 of the academic year of age at least 6 years 6 months.
Classes's reality, with the exception of compensating training classes, should not exceed 25 people.
10.2. The training of children under 6 years 6 months to the beginning of the school year should be carried out in a pre-school educational institution or in a general education institution in compliance with all hygienic requirements for the conditions and organization of the educational process for preschool children.
10.3. For the prevention of overworking students in the annual calendar curriculum, it is recommended to provide a uniform distribution of periods of study time and vacation.
10.4. Training classes should begin not earlier than 8 hours. Conducting zero lessons is not allowed.
In institutions with in-depth study of individual items, lyceums and gymnasiums, training is carried out only in the first shift.
In institutions working in two shifts, training of the 1st, 5, graduation 9 and 11 classes and classes of compensating learning should be organized in the first shift.
Training in 3 shifts in general educational institutions is not allowed.
10.5. The number of hours, allocated to master the educational curriculum of a general education institution, consisting of a mandatory part and a part formed by the participants of the educational process, should not in the aggregate to exceed the magnitude of the weekly educational burden.
The magnitude of the weekly educational load (the number of training sessions), implemented through the urgent and extracurricular activities, is determined in accordance with Table 3.
The organization of profile training in 10 - 11th grades should not lead to an increase in the educational burden. Profile training should be preceded by vocational guidance work.
10.6. Educational weekly load must be evenly distributed during the school week, while the volume of the maximum permissible load should be:
For students of the 1st grades should not exceed 4 lessons and 1 day per week - no more than 5 lessons due to the lesson of physical culture;
For students 2 - 4 classes - no more than 5 lessons, and once a week 6 lessons due to the lesson of physical culture at a 6-day school week;
For students of 5 - 6 classes - no more than 6 lessons;
For students of 7 - 11 classes - no more than 7 lessons.
Schedule lesson is compiled separately for mandatory and elective classes. Optional classes should be planned for days with the smallest number of required lessons. Between the beginning of optional classes and the last lesson, it is recommended to arrange a break of at least 45 minutes.
10.7. The schedule of lessons is based on the daily and weekly mental performance of students and the difficulty of educational items (Appendix 3 of these sanitary rules).
10.8. When drawing up the schedule of lessons, it is necessary to alternate various complexity of items during the day and week: for students I formation the main objects (mathematics, Russian and foreign language, environmental education, informatics) alternate with music lessons, visual arts, labor, physical culture; For students of the II and III level of education, the objects of natural and mathematical profile are alternating with humanitarian objects.
For students of the 1st grades, the most difficult items should be carried out on the 2nd lesson; 2 - 4 classes - 2 - 3 lessons; For students of 5 - 11 classes on 2 - 4th lessons.
IN primary grades Dual lessons are not conducted.
During the school day, no more than one test work should be carried out. Test works are recommended for 2 - 4th lessons.
10.9. The duration of the lesson (academic hour) in all classes should not exceed 45 minutes, with the exception of the 1st grade, in which the duration is regulated by clause 10.10 of these sanitary rules, and the compensatory class, the duration of the lesson in which should not exceed 40 minutes.
Density academic work Students in the lessons in the main subjects should be 60 - 80%.
10.10. Training in the 1st grade is carried out in compliance with the following additional requirements:
Training classes are held at a 5-day school week and only in the first shift;
The use of the "stepped" learning regime in the first half of the year (in September, October - 3 lessons per day for 35 minutes each, in November - December - 4 lessons for 35 minutes each; January - May - 4 lessons for 45 minutes each) ;
For an extended day, a day sleep organization is needed (at least 1 hour), 3-time nutrition and walks;
Training is carried out without a scoring assessment of knowledge of students and homework;
Additional week holidays in the middle of the third quarter with traditional training mode.
10.11. To prevent overwork and maintain the optimal level of performance during the week, students should have a lightweight school day on Thursday or Friday.
10.12. The duration of change between lessons is at least 10 minutes, a large change (after the 2nd or 3rd lessons) - 20 - 30 minutes. Instead of one big change, it is allowed after the 2nd and 3rd lessons to set two changes for 20 minutes each.
It is recommended to organize outdoor changes. For this purpose, when conducting a daily dynamic pause, it is recommended to increase the duration of a large change of up to 45 minutes, of which at least 30 minutes are allocated to the organization of motor-active activities of educational institutions, in the gym or in recreation.
10.13. The break between shifts should be at least 30 minutes for carrying out wet cleaning in the premises and their ventilation, in the case of a disadvantaged epidemiological situation for the disinfection processing, the break increases to 60 minutes.
10.14. Usage B. educational process Innovative educational programs and technologies, schedules of classes, learning modes are possible in the absence of their adverse effects on the functional state and health of students.
10.15. In small-scale rural educational institutions, depending on the specific conditions, the number of students, their age features are allowed to form classes of sets from students to the stage I formation. The optimal at the same time is the separate training of students of different ages I level of education.
When combining students' learning levels to the class-set optimal is to create it from two classes: 1 and 3 classes (1 + 3), 2 and 3 classes (2 + 3), 2 and 4 classes (2 + 4). To prevent the fatigue of students, it is necessary to reduce the duration of the combined (especially 4 and 5th) lessons for 5 to 10 minutes. (except for the lesson of physical culture). The clerk of the kits must correspond to Table 4.
10.16. In compensatory learning classes, the number of students should not exceed 20 people. The duration of lessons should not exceed 40 minutes. Correctional and developing classes are included in the amount of maximum permissible weekly load installed for the student of each age.
Regardless of the duration of the school week, the number of lessons per day should not be more than 5 in primary classes (except for the first class) and more than 6 lessons - in 5 - 11 classes.
To prevent overwork and maintain the optimal level of performance, a lightweight school day is organized - Thursday or Friday.
To facilitate and reducing the adaptation period to the educational process of studying compensatory classes should be ensured by medical and psychological assistance carried out by psychologist teachers, pediatrician doctor, teachers spent, other specially trained pedagogical workers, as well as with the use of information and communication technologies, visual benefits.
10.17. In order to prevent fatigue, violation of the posture and vision of students in the lessons should be carried out physical attacks and gymnastics for the eyes (Appendix 4 and Appendix 5 of these sanitary rules).
10.18. It is necessary to alternate during the lesson various types learning activities (with the exception of test work). The average continuous duration of various types of educational activities (reading from paper carrier, letter, listening, survey, etc.) in 1 - 4 classes should not exceed 7 - 10 minutes, in 5 - 11 classes - 10 - 15 minutes. The distance from the eyes to the notebook or book should be at least 25 - 35 cm in the student 1 - 4 classes and at least 30 - 45 cm - in the student 5 - 11 classes.
The duration of continuous use in the educational process of technical training techniques is established according to Table 5.
After using technical training tools related to the visual load, it is necessary to carry out a set of exercises for the prevention of eye fatigue (Appendix 5), and at the end of the lesson - exercise for the prevention of general fatigue (Appendix 4).
10.19. The training and organization of the work of the Cabinets using computer equipment must comply with the hygienic requirements for personal electronic computing machines and the organization of work on them.
10.20. To meet the biological need in motion, regardless of the age of students, it is recommended to carry out at least 3 lessons of physical culture a week provided for in the amount of the maximum permissible weekly load. Replacing physical culture lessons by other subjects is not allowed.
10.21. To increase the motor activity of students, it is recommended to be recommended in curricula for students include engine-active items (choreography, rhythm, modern and ballroom dancing, training traditional and national sports games).
10.22. The motor activity of the students in addition to the lessons of physical culture in the educational process can be ensured by:
Organized moving games on change;
Sports hours for children visiting a long-day group;
Extracurricular sports activities and competitions, community-wide sports events, health days;
Independent classes physical culture In sections and clubs.
10.23. Sports loads in physical culture, competitions, extracurricular activities of the sports profile during a dynamic or sports hour must correspond to age, health and physical fitness of students, as well as meteo conditions (if they are organized outdoors).
The distribution of students to the main, preparatory and special group to participate in physical education and sports and mass events, conducts a physician, taking into account their health status (or on the basis of information about their health). The student of the main physical education group is allowed to participate in all physical education and recreation activities in accordance with their age. The educational preparatory and special groups, physical education work should be carried out with regard to the conclusion of the doctor.
Students related to the state of health to preparatory and special groups are engaged in physical exercise with a decrease in exercise.
Lessons of physical culture are advisable to carry out outdoors. The ability to conduct practical culture in the open air, as well as mobile games, is determined by the combination of meteo conditions (temperature, relative humidity and speed of air traffic) by climatic zones (Appendix 7).
In rainy, windy and frosty days, physical culture are carried out in the hall.
10.24. The motor density of physical culture should be at least 70%.
For testing of physical fitness, participation in competitions and tourist campaigns of students are allowed with the permission of a medical worker. His presence in sports competitions and in the classroom in swimming pools is necessary.
10.25. In class work provided for educational programYou should alternate various tasks by character. Do not follow the lesson to perform one type of activity throughout the entire time of independent work.
10.26. All works in workshops and housekeeping cabinets are performed in special clothing (bathrobe, apron, takes, brazer). When performing work that creates a threat to eye damage, protective glasses should be used.
10.27. When organizing practitioners and practicing the socially useful work of students stipulated by the educational program related to high physical activity (carrying and movement of gravity), it is necessary to be guided by the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the safety of workers who have not reached the 18 years of age.
It is not allowed to attract students to work with harmful or dangerous conditions Labor, during the implementation of which the use of labor is prohibited, persons under the age of 18, as well as to harvesting sanitary nodes and common areas, washing windows and lamps, cleaning snow from roofs and other similar works.
For agricultural work (practice) in the regions of the II climatic belt, it should be allocated mainly to the first half of the day, and in areas III of the climatic belt - the second half of the day (16 - 17 h.) And the clock with the smallest insolation. Agricultural inventory used to work must comply with the growth and age of students. The permissible duration of work for students 12 - 13 years is 2 hours; For adolescents 14 years old and older - 3 hours. Every 45 minutes of work it is necessary to arrange the regulated 15-minute breaks for recreation. Work on sites and in premises treated with pesticides and agrochemicals is allowed in terms established by the state directory of pesticides and agrochemicals.
10.28. When organizing an extended day, it is necessary to be guided by the recommendations set forth in Annex 6 of these Sanitary Rules.
10.29. Circular work in the extended day groups should take into account the age features of students, provide a balance between motor-active and static classes and is organized in accordance with the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for institutions of additional education of children.
10.30. The volume of homework (in all subjects) should be such that the time of time for its execution is not exceeded (in astronomical clock): in 2 - 3 classes - 1.5 hours, in 4 - 5 classes - 2 hours, in 6 - 8 classes - 2.5 hours, in 9 - 11 classes - up to 3.5 hours.
10.31. When conducting the final certification, more than one exam per day is not allowed. A break between exams should be at least 2 days. With the duration of the exam 4 and more than an hour, the organization is necessary for the organization of students.
10.32. The weight of the daily set of textbooks and written accessories should not exceed: for students of 1 - 2 classes - more than 1.5 kg, 3 - 4 classes - more than 2 kg; 5 - 6 - more than 2.5 kg, 7 - 8 - more than 3.5 kg, 9 - 11 - more than 4.0 kg.
10.33. In order to prevent disruption of the posture of students, it is recommended for primary classes to have two sets of textbooks: one - for use in the lessons in a general education institution, the second - for the preparation of homework.
Xi. Requirements for the organization of medical care for students and passing medical examinations by employees of general education institutions
11.1. In all educational institutions, medical care of students should be organized.
11.2. Medical examinations of students in general education institutions and pupils of pre-school education units should be organized and carried out in the manner prescribed by the federal executive authority in the field of health.
11.3. The students allow for classes in a general education institution after the suffering disease only in the presence of a certificate of a pediatrician.
11.4. In all types of general education institutions, work is organized on the prevention of infectious and noncommunicable diseases.
11.5. In order to detect pediculosis at least 4 times a year after every holiday and monthly selectively (four - five classes), medical personnel need to conduct inspections of children. The inspections (scalp and clothing) are carried out in a well-lit room using a magnifying glass and frequent ridges. After each inspection, the ridge is punctured with cool boiling water or wipe with 70 alcohol.
11.6. When discharge of scabies and pediculosis, studying at the time of treatment are removed from the visit to the institution. They can be admitted to a general educational institution only after the completion of the entire complex of medical and preventive measures confirmed by certificate from the doctor.
The question of the prophylactic treatment of persons who were in contact with sick scabies is solved by a physician, taking into account the epidemiological situation. The specified treatment is attracted to those who were in close domestic contact, as well as entire groups, classes where several cases of scabies are registered, or where new patients are revealed during the observation in the surveillance. In organized groups, where the prophylactic treatment of contact persons was not carried out, the inspection of the skin of the students is carried out three times with an interval of 10 days.
When identifying the institution, scabies spend current disinfection in accordance with the requirements of the territorial body carrying out the state sanitary-epidemiological supervision.
11.7. In the class journal, it is recommended to issue a healthcare sheet, which for each learning make information about anthropometric data, a health group, a physical education group, a health state, recommended by the size of educational furniture, as well as medical recommendations.
11.8. All educational institutions are undergoing preliminary and periodic medical examinations, must be grafted in accordance with the national calendar of preventive vaccinations. Each employee of the educational institution must have a personal medical record of the established sample.
Employees, evading medical examinations, are not allowed to work.
11.9. Pedagogical workers of general educational institutions are employed by professional hygiene preparation and certification.
XII. Requirements for sanitary content of the territory and premises
12.1. The territory of the general education institution should be kept clean. Cleaning the territory is carried out daily before the release of students on the site. In the hot, dry weather, the surfaces of the platforms and herbal covers are recommended to water 20 minutes before walking and sports activities. In the winter platform and pedestrian walkways, repose from snow and ice.
The garbage is collected in the garbagers, which should be tightly closed with covers, and when filling 2/3 of their volume exports to the polygons of solid household waste in accordance with the export of household waste. After release, the containers (garbagers) should be cleaned and processed by disinfection (disinsectional) means allowed in the prescribed manner. The garbage burning is not allowed in the territory of the educational institution, including in the garbagers.
12.2. Every year (in spring) is carried out with a decorative trimming of a shrub, a cutting down of young swords, dry and low branches. If there are directly in front of the windows of high trees, covering light and reducing the values \u200b\u200bof natural illumination indicators below normalized, measures are carried out on their cutting or trimming of the branches.
12.3. All premises of the general education institution are subject to daily wet cleaning with the use of detergents.
Toilets, dining rooms, lobby, recreation are subject to wet cleaning after each change.
Cleaning educational and auxiliary premises is carried out after graduating lessons, in the absence of students, with open windows or fraamugas. If the general educational institution works in two shifts, cleaning is carried out at the end of each shift: the floors wash, wipe the places of dust accumulation (windows, radiators, etc.).
Cleaning the premises of the boarding school at a general education institution is carried out at least 1 time per day.
To carry out cleaning and disinfection in a general education institution and boarding school, with a general education institution, detergents and disinfectants are used, allowed in the prescribed manner to use in children's institutions, compliance with the instructions for their application.
Disinfecting solutions for washing floors are prepared before direct use in toilet rooms in the absence of students.
12.4. Disinfectants and detergents are stored in the manufacturer's packaging, in accordance with the instructions and in places inaccessible to students.
12.5. In order to prevent the dissemination of infection with a disadvantaged epidemiological situation in a general education institution, additional anti-epidemic activities on the prescriptions of bodies authorized to implement the state sanitary and epidemiological supervision are carried out.
12.6. At least once a month in all types of premises of the general education institution and boarding school, general cleaning is carried out.
The general cleaning of technical personnel (without the involvement of educational works) is carried out using the allowed detergents and disinfectants.
Exhaust ventilation grids are cleaned monthly from dust.
12.7. In the bedrooms of the educational institution and boarding school, with a general educational institution, bedding (mattresses, pillows, blankets) should be kept directly in bedrooms with open windows during each general cleaning. The change of bed linen and towels is carried out as pollution, but at least 1 time per week.
Before the start of the school year, bedding is subjected to processing in the disinfection chamber.
In toilet rooms, soap, toilet paper and towels should be in stock all the time.
12.8. Daily cleaning of toilets, shower, buffets, medical facilities are carried out using disinfectants regardless of the epidemiological situation. Sanitary equipment is subject to daily disinfection. Pens of drain tanks and doors handles are washed with warm water with soap. Shells, toilets, toilet seats are clean with brushes or brushes, cleaning and disinfectants permitted in the prescribed manner.
12.9. In the medical office, in addition to disinfection of the room and the objects of the situation, it is necessary to disinfect medical instruments in accordance with the disinfection indications, pre-resistant cleaning and sterilization of medical products.
Preference should be given to disposable sterile medical products.
12.10. In the formation of medical waste, which according to the degree of epidemiological hazards relate to potentially hazardous waste, they are neutralized and deleted in accordance with the rules for collecting, storing, processing, neutralizing and removing all types of waste treatment-and-prophylactic institutions.
12.11. Cleaning equipment for cleaning the premises should be marked and fixed for certain rooms.
Cleaning equipment for harvesting sanitary nodes (buckets, basins, mops, rags) must have a signal marking (red), used for the purpose and stored separately from another harvesting inventory.
12.12. Upon completion of cleaning, all cleaning equipment was washed using detergents, rinsed with flowing water and dried. Store the harvesting inventory in the place allotted for these purposes.
12.13. The sanitary content of the premises and disinfective activities in the subdivisions of pre-school education are carried out in accordance with the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the device, the content and organization of the mode of operation of pre-school organizations.
12.14. The sanitary condition of the food premises should be maintained, taking into account the sanitary and epidemic requirements for the organization of food in educational institutions. In the presence of the pool, cleaning and disinfection of rooms and equipment is carried out in accordance with sanitary rules For swimming pools.
12.15. Sports inventory is subject to daily processing with detergents.
Sports inventory located in the hall is wiping with a moisturized rag, metal parts - dry wind at the end of each study shift. After each occupation, the gym is ventilated at least 10 minutes. The sports carpet is cleaned daily using a vacuum cleaner, at least 3 times a month carry out its wet cleaning using the washing vacuum cleaner. Sports mats rub every day with a soda solution.
12.16. In the presence of carpets and carpets (in the premises of the initial secondary school, extended day, boarding groups), they are purified by a vacuum cleaner in daily mode, and 1 time per year is subjected to drying and caring outdoors.
12.17. With the emergence of synanthropic insects and rodents in the territory of the educational institution and in all premises it is necessary to disinsection and deratization by the forces of specialized organizations in accordance with regulatory documents.
In order to prevent the flushing of flies and destroy them in the phase of development once every 5 - 10 days, the surviving toilets are processed by removable disinfectants in accordance with the regulatory and methodological documents on the fight against flies.
XIII. Requirements for sanitary rules
13.1. The head of the general education institution is a responsible person for organizing and complete the fulfillment of these sanitary rules, including:
Availability in the establishment of these sanitary rules and bringing their maintenance to employees of the institution;
Fulfillment of the requirements of sanitary rules by all employees of the institution;
Necessary conditions for compliance with sanitary rules;
Receiving the work of persons who have admission to the state of health who have passed professional hygienic training and certification;
Availability of medical records for each employee and timely passing by periodic medical examinations;
Organization of events for disinfection, disinsection and deratization;
The presence of first aid kit to provide first aid and their timely replenishment.
13.2. Medical personnel of the general education institution carries out daily control over compliance with the requirements of sanitary rules.
* Decision of the Government of the Russian Federation of 31.03.2009 N 277 "On approval of the Regulation on licensing educational activities."
Appendix 1 to Sanpin 2.4.2.2821-10
In order to form the right posture and conservation of health, it is necessary from the first days of study in a general education institution to educate and form the right working postage of students for school desk. To do this, you need to devote a special lesson in the first classes.
To form a correct posture, it is necessary to provide a workplace for educational furniture in accordance with its growth; To teach it to save during training classes the correct working posture, which is the least tedious: sit deep on the chair, smoothly keep the body and head; The legs should be bent in the hip and knee joints, the feet of relying on the floor, forearm lying freely on the table.
When placing a student at the desktop, the chair is moved under the table so that when the back is placed on the back between the breast and the table, its palm was placed.
For the rational selection of furniture, with the aim of preventing disorders of the bone-muscular system, all training premises and cabinets are recommended to equip the growth rules.
The teacher explains the student, how to keep his head, shoulders, hands, and emphasizes that it is impossible to rely on the edge of the parties (tables); The distance from the eyes to the book or notebook should be equal to the length of the forearm from the elbow to the end of the fingers. Hands lie freely, not pressing to the table, on the notebook there is a right hand and fingers left. Both legs of the entire feet rest on the floor.
When putting the skills of the letter, the student relies on the back of the party (chair) by the lower back, when explaining the teacher - it sits more freely, relies on the back of the party (stool) not only the sacrum-lumbar, but also with a sacrament part of the back. A teacher after explaining and showing the right landing at the desk asks for students of all class to sit down correctly and, by commodity, corrects if necessary.
In the study office, put the table "right sit when writing" so that the students always had it before their eyes. At the same time, the student needs to show tables showing defects in the posture arising from the wrong landing. The development of a certain skill is achieved not only by the explanation, reinforced by the show, and the systematic repetition. To work out the skill of the right landing pedagogical worker Must everyday control the correctness of the poses of students during classes.
The role of the teacher in the upbringing of students from the right landing is especially great during the first three to four years of study in a general education institution, when they are formed by this skill, as well as in the following years of training.
The teacher, in collaboration with his parents, can give recommendations on the choice of the wreck for textbooks and school supplies: the weight of the ward without textbooks for students 1 - 4 classes should be no more than 700 g Sufficient forms, providing its dense adjacent to the back of the student and uniform distribution of weight. The material for the manufacture of the scores should be light, durable, with water-repellent coating, convenient for cleaning.
Appendix 4 to Sanpin 2.4.2.2821-10
physical traffic (FM)
Training classes that combine mental, static, dynamic load on individual bodies and systems and on the entire body as a whole require carrying out at the lessons of physical culture a moment (hereinafter referred to as FM) to remove local fatigue and FM of the overall impact.
FM to improve cerebral circulation:
2. I.P. - Sitting, hands on the belt. 1 - turn head right, 2 - Ip., 3 - turn head left, 4 - I.P. Repeat 6 - 8 times. The pace is slow.
3. I.P. - standing or sitting, hands on a belt. 1 - Mach, put the left hand through the right shoulder, turn left. 2 - IP, 3 - 4 - the same right hand. Repeat 4 - 6 times. The pace is slow.
FM to remove fatigue from the shoulder belt and hand:
1. I.P. - standing or sitting, hands on a belt. 1 - right hand forward, left up. 2 - change the positions of the hands. Repeat 3 - 4 times, then relaxed down and shake with tassels, tilt your head forward. The tempo is medium.
2. I.P. - standing or sitting, brushes to the back side on the belt. 1 - 2 - bring the elbows forward, tilt the head forward, 3 - 4 - elbows back, rushing. Repeat 6 - 8 times, then your hands down and shake relaxed. The pace is slow.
3. I.P. - Sitting, hands up. 1 - compress brushes in fist, 2 - break brushes. Repeat 6 - 8 times, then the hands relaxfully drop down and shake with tassels. The tempo is medium.
FM to remove fatigancy from the body:
1. I.P. - Rack leg apart, hands behind the head. 1 - sharply turn the pelvis right. 2 - sharply turn the TAZ to the left. During turns, the shoulder belt leave fixed. Repeat 6 - 8 times. The tempo is medium.
2. I.P. - Rack leg apart, hands behind the head. 1 - 5 - Circular motions with a pelvis in one direction, 4 - 6 - the same in the other direction, 7 - 8 - hands down and relaxively shake with tassels. Repeat 4 - 6 times. The tempo is medium.
3. I.P. - Rack leg apart. 1 - 2 - Tilt forward, right hand slides along the leg down, left, bending, along the body up, 3 - 4 - Ip., 5 - 8 is the same else. Repeat 6 - 8 times. The tempo is medium.
FM total exposure is completed from exercises for different muscle groups, taking into account their voltage in the process of activity.
Complex of FM exercises for students of I formation levels in lessons with letters elements:
1. Exercises for improving cerebral circulation. I.P. - Sitting, hands on the belt. 1 - turn head right, 2 - I.P., 3 - turn head left, 4 - I.P., 5 - smoothly tilt the head back, 6 - IP, 7 - head tilt forward. Repeat 4 - 6 times. The pace is slow.
2. Exercises for removing fatigue with small muscles brushes. I.P. - Sitting, hands raised up. 1 - compress brushes in fist, 2 - break brushes. Repeat 6 - 8 times, then the hands relaxfully drop down and shake with tassels. The tempo is medium.
3. Exercise for removing fatigue from the muscles of the body. I.P. - Rack leg apart, hands behind the head. 1 - sharply turn the pelvis right. 2 - sharply turn the TAZ to the left. During turns, the shoulder belt leave fixed. Repeat 4 - 6 times. The tempo is medium.
4. Exercise to mobilize attention. I.P. - Standing, hands along the body. 1 - Right hand on the belt, 2 - left hand on the belt, 3 - right hand on the shoulder, 4 - left hand on the shoulder, 5 - right hand up, 6 - left hand up, 7 - 8 - cotton hands over head, 9 - Lower the left hand on the shoulder, 10 - right hand on the shoulder, 11 - left hand on the belt, 12 - right hand on the belt, 13 - 14 - cotton hands on the hips. Repeat 4 - 6 times. Temp - 1 time Slow, 2 - 3 times - medium, 4 - 5 - fast, 6 - slow.
Appendix 5 to SanPine 2.4.2.2821-10
1. Quickly frog, close your eyes and sit calmly, slowly counting to 5. Repeat 4 - 5 times.
3. Pull the right hand forward. Follow the eyes without turning the heads, behind the slow movements of the index finger of the elongated hand left and right, up and down. Repeat 4 - 5 times.
4. View the index finger of an elongated hand to account 1 - 4, then transfer the gaze into account 1 - 6. Repeat 4 - 5 times.
5. In an average pace, to do 3 - 4 circular movements with the eyes in right side, as much on the left side. Relaimed eye muscles, look at the distance to the account 1 - 6. Repeat 1 - 2 times.
Appendix 6 to SanPine 2.4.2.2821-10
groups of extended day
General.
Complete groups of extended day are recommended from students of one class or parallel classes. Stay studying in the extended day group simultaneously with the educational process can cover the period of time of study of students in a general education institution from 8.00 - 8.30 to 18.00 - 19.00.
The premises of the extended day groups for students of the I - VIII classes are forest-like placing within the relevant training sections, including recreation.
It is recommended for the student first classes of the extended day group to allocate sleeping rooms and game rooms. In the absence of special premises, universal premises, combining bedroom and gaming, equipped with integrated furniture, can be used in a general educational institution of special premises for the organization of sleep and games: wardrobes, single-tier beds.
For students of the II-VIII classes, depending on the specific possibilities, it is recommended to highlight fixed rooms for organizing game activity, circle work, classes at the request of students, daily sleep for weakened.
Daily regime.
To ensure the maximum possible health influence and maintaining the performance of students visiting the extended day, a rational organization of the day's regime is needed, starting from the moment of coming to a general educational institution, and wide conduct of physical education and recreational activities.
The best combination of activities of students in extended day groups is their motor activity in air to the start of self-preparation (walk, moving and sports games, socially useful work on the site of a general education institution, if it is provided for by the educational program), and after self-training - participation in events emotional character (classes in circles, games, visiting spectacular events, preparation and holding of concerts of amateur activities, quiz and other events).
In the day of the day, it is necessary to be provided for: meals, about a bug, daytime sleep for students of 1 classes and weakened learning II - III classes, self-preparation, socially useful work, circle work and wide conduct of physical recovery events.
Rest in the fresh air.
After graduating from educational classes in a general education institution to restore the performance of students before performing homework, a rest is organized by a duration of at least 2 hours. The bulk of this time is given outdoors. It is advisable to provide for walks:
Before dinner lasting at least 1 hour, after graduating schools at school;
Before self-preparation within an hour.
Walking is recommended to accompany the sports, mobile MIRs and exercise. In winter it is useful to organize skating skating skiing, skiing 2 times a week. In the warm season, it is recommended to organize lessons athletics, volleyball, basketball, tennis and other sports games outdoors. It is also recommended to use swimming pool for swimming and water sports.
Students related to a special medical group or suffered acute diseases during sports and mobile games, exercises that are not related to significant loads are performed during sports and moving games.
Clothing of students during outdoor classes should protect them from hypothermia and overheating and not shy movements.
In the bad weather, moving games can be transferred to well-ventilated rooms.
Place for relaxing in the fresh air and sports hours can be aCCOUNTY PLOT Or specially equipped units. In addition, the adjacent squares, parks, forest, stadiums can be used for these purposes.
Organization of daytime sleep for first-graders and weakened children.
Sleep removes the fatigue and excitement of children, for a long time in the Great Team, increases their performance. Duration of daytime must be at least 1 hour.
For the organization of daytime sleep, either special sleeping, or universal rooms at the rate of 4.0 m per student, equipped with adolescent (1600 x 700 mm) or built-in single-tiered beds, should be highlighted.
When laying the beds, it is necessary to observe the distance between: the long sides of the bed - 50 cm; headboards - 30 cm; Bed and outer wall - 60 cm, and for the northern regions of the country - 100 cm.
Each student must be enshrined a certain bed with a change in bed linen as pollution, but at least 1 time in 10 days.
Preparation of homework.
When executing students' homework (self-preparation), the following recommendations should be followed:
Cooking lessons to carry out in the enshrined academic room equipped with furniture that corresponds to the growth of students;
Start self-preparation at 15 - 16 hours, as by this time the physiological rise of working capacity is noted;
Limit the duration of homework to perform the time for execution for execution not exceeded (in astronomical clock): in 2-3 classes - 1.5 hours, in 4 - 5 classes - 2 hours, in 6 - 8 classes - 2.5 h., In 9 - 11 classes - up to 3.5 hours;
Provide at the discretion of students to perform homework, recommending at the same time starting from the subject of average difficulty for this study;
Provide students with the ability to arrange arbitrary breaks upon completion of a certain stage of work;
Hold "physical investigation minutes" duration of 1-2 minutes;
Provide students who ended with homework earlier than the whole group, the ability to proceed with interest in interest (in the game, library, reading room).
Extracurricular activity.
Extrumbering activities are implemented in the form of excursions, circles, sections, olympiads, competitions, etc.
The duration of classes depends on the age and type of activity. The duration of such activities, like reading, musical classes, drawing, modeling, needlework, quiet games, should be no more than 50 minutes a day for students 1 - 2 classes, and no more than one and a half hours a day - for other classes. At musical classes, it is recommended to wider using rhythm and choreography elements. Last Visitors TV shows and movies should not be carried out more often than two times a week with a restriction of viewing duration up to 1 hour for students 1 - 3 classes and 1.5 - for students of 4 - 8 classes.
It is recommended to organize various types of extracurricular activities to use local-wide rooms: readable, assembly and sports halls, library, as well as premises nearly located cultural houses, children's leisure centers, sports facilities, stadiums.
Food.
Properly organized and rational food is an essential wellness factor. When organizing an extended day in a general education institution, a three-time meal of students should be provided: breakfast - on the second or third change during training sessions; Lunch - during the stay at the extended day at 13-14 hours, the afternoon school - at 16-17 hours.
