Feats of Soviet doctors in the years in the war. Medical feat of the Great Patriotic War

It is difficult to overestimate the contribution of the doctors in victory during the Great Patriotic War. Each Soviet man tried to make a maximum effort to drive the fascist invaders from his native land. Doctors and medical staff did not exception. From the first days of the war, they saved fighters, do not regret themselves. They pulled out wounded from the battlefield and operated on several days without sleep - all this for achieving one goal. Victory.

The beginning of the Great Patriotic War did not catch physicians by surprise. Preceding military operations in the Far East and in Mongolia made it seriously think about preparing for war. Yet in 1933, the first conference of military field surgery of the USSR took place in Leningrad. It discussed the issues of surgical treatment of wounds, blood transfusions, traumatic shock, etc. In the period from 1940 to 1941, documents regulating medical activities during hostilities were developed. Among them are "theses of sanitary tactics", "instruction under the sanitary service in the Red Army" and instructions for urgent surgery.

When the situation in the world began to heat up, N.N. Burdenko initiated the selection of materials for the preparation of instructions and guidelines for military field surgery:

"We have dozens of surgical schools and trends. In the case of the war, there may be a division in the organization of medical care and methods of treatment of the wounded. This can not be allowed."

Observing such a statement, since 1941, teachers began to teach students the basics of military field surgery. The new generation of doctors has studied the technique of placing, skeletal stretching, blood transfusion and primary processing of the Russian Academy of Sciences. On May 9, 1941, the "Collection of Regulations on Institutions of the Sanitary Service of War Time" was enacted. In this way, by the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the medical support of the troops had a fully established system.

Immediately after the start of the war, the most experienced military field surgeons and highly qualified medical sisters were sent to the front. But soon the queue reached the reserve. Hands lacked. Doctor V.V. Kovanov remembers:

"In July 1941, I was offered to go to a sorting evacuation office located in Yaroslavl, where I had to take the position of leading surgeon."

A special role in the system of medical care was played by the hospitals of deep rear. In cities, they were deployed with the calculation of rapid dispersal of wounded by specialized institutions. This contributed to the fastest recovery of the wounded and returning them into operation. One of these items was the city of Kazan.

They write little about the feat of the doctors of these hospitals. They operated on every day without days off. Only one operation ended, as the other followed. If the surgeons in the city lacked, the doctors had to move from one hospital to another to carry out the following operation. A little break for them was for joy, and about the weekend could only dream.

All 1941, doctors accounted for hard. The lack of practical experience and the retreat of Soviet troops affected. Only at the beginning of 1942 the situation has stabilized. The delivery system, distribution and treatment of the wounded was adjusted properly.

During the year of military operations, the need to inform physicians about the development of hostilities was revealed. therefore in the fall of 1942, orders No. 701 was issued. Sanitary bosses should have been systematically and in a timely manner in changing the combat situation. The experience of the first year of war made it possible to schedule ways to improve the country's military medicine.

About half of the entire medical personnel of the Armed Forces during the Great Patriotic War made up women. A significant part of which were Sanners and nurses. Being on the front line, they played a special role in helping the wounded fighters. From the first days of the war, the girls pulled out soldiers from the world, without regretting themselves. So, on August 1, 1941, in the evening report, Sovinformbüro was reported on distinguished medical sisters. About M. Kulikova, who saved the tanker, despite his own wound. About K. Kudryavtseva and E. Tikhomirova, who were in one of the ranks with fighters and under the fire provided assistance to the wounded. Tens of thousands of girls, mastering medical knowledge, went to field hospitals and hospitals to save Soviet soldiers. P.M. Popov The former armorberman remembers:

"... there was still a fight, the mines are robbed, bullet whistles, and on the advanced, in the trenches and the trenches are already crawling girls with sanitary bags on the side. Looking at the wounded, try to render first aid, cover in a safe place, send to the rear . "

The feat of physicians during the Great Patriotic War is difficult to describe in one article. And it is absolutely impossible to list all by name. In this article we will tell only about the small share of those features that girls have committed. Reveal the same history of life as much as possible Heroin we will try in separate articles.

The first one would like to tell - this Tamara Kalnin. On September 16, 1941, the nurse was evacuated to the wounded hospital. On the way, the fascist aircraft fired a sanitary car. The driver was killed, the car caught fire. Tamara Kalnin pulled all wounded from the car, having received serious burns. Having finished walking to Medsanbat, she reported on the happening and reported on the location of the wounded. Later Tamara Kalnin died from burns and infection of blood.

Zoya Pavlova - Sannaster of intelligence company. In February 1944 he endured the wounded from the battlefield, laying them into a funnel. At the next occasion, Zoya Pavlova noticed that the Germans are suitable for funnel. Having risen to the entire growth of the Sannistor made a grenade into them. Zoya Petrova died. But the wounded soldiers in the funnel were saved.

And third Heroine Valery Gnarovskaya. In the fall of 1943, battles on the shore of the Dnieper were conducted. The Germans were knocked out from the village of Verbova. The company soldier moved away from the village, but got under the machine-gun fire. Nazis retreated, but among the Soviet soldiers there were a lot of dead and wounded. After breaking for the wounded tents before sending to the hospital, the troops moved further. With wounded, Valery Gnarovskaya remained. At dawn, cars were waiting for cars with a red cross, but with the sunrise of the rear, the fascist tank "Tiger" appeared. Gnarovskaya, no longer thinking, gathered in the wounded bags with grenades. Hung by them, she rushed under the caterpillars. Valeria died, but the price of his own life was saved by 70 wounded fighters.

During the war years, thanks to medical personnel more than 70% of the wounded and more than 90% of patients returned to fighters. 116 thousand doctors were awarded orders and medals. 47 Of them became the heroes of the Soviet Union, 17 of which were women.

The brutal and destructive Great Patriotic War, which carried out dozens and hundreds of thousands of lives affected the history of the whole world, and became one of the largest military conflicts of all times and peoples. In her, almost all residents of our country really took part, someone fought and participated in brutal and bloody battles with a cruel and numerous enemy. And someone, without rejecting, worked in the rear, creating a new combat technique, cartridges and weapons, producing food and sending them to the forefront, without leaving themselves an even account anything.

But, perhaps, no one can argue with the fact that military doctors were in a unique position, because they had to constantly climb into the largest battles, in order to carry hard wounded fighters, who cannot even move on their own. And after all this, they needed to carry out the most complex operations often under squall fire, without having a sufficient number of medicines and normal conditions. Moreover, the number of victims and needing emergency care was so great that the doctors and nurses had to work without a respite of several days in a row. A very common phenomenon among medical staff was hungry fainting, and they happened not because there was nothing, but due to the fact that the doctor or nurse could not be distracted for a second.

Moreover, fragile young girls whose weight ranged in the range of 50-60 kilograms, alone pulled adult and large soldiers in full uniforms. For an hour, one nurse could move 5-6 fighters, and then not resting, proceed to dressings and assistance in operations.

Gravity and deprivation of medical staff at the time of the beginning of the war

It was especially difficult for medical staff in 1941, when the Soviet army suffered the greatest losses. At that time, a huge number of doctors and representatives of the younger medical staff had a very small idea of \u200b\u200bhow to quickly and effectively cope with problems that were crowded. Separately, it is worth noting the low security of doctors with the necessary tools, medicines, equipment and even a form that instantly soaked in fresh blood liters. Many nurses volunteered their own blood, thereby saving hundreds of lives. For example, Lydia Savchenko was awarded the Order of Florence Plantneyale for more than thirty times the blood donor over the interval of just a few months.

It should also be noted that as such a medical military service was not immediately formed immediately, but selfless medical professionals from cities and villages independently took the initiative to their hands, and provided assistance to the very first numerous victims of the invasion of the forces of fascist Germany.

Feat doctors in numbers

During the war years, more than 700 thousand medical workers worked at the front. At the end of the war, 12.5% \u200b\u200bof all these people were killed, and this figure seriously exceeds losses in each individual military unit. But despite the danger, they never lowered their hands, and in the most extreme situations only the Iron Will helped them pull out hundreds of people from the world, and re-return the battlefields.

In an interesting point, the fact that, right in the field hospitals, doctors were developed and began to put completely new, more advanced treatment technologies in practice, which brought tangible fruits, and helped many seriously wounded soldiers to return to the execution of their duties, and practically completely get rid of The unpleasant consequences of their own injuries.

Of course, during the war, and especially after the beginning of the counteroffensiveness of the Soviet troops, the quality and possibilities of military medical personnel were seriously increased. A very important task was to quickly return the wounded soldiers and officers to the fields of battles, and the doctors were provided with everything you need. And in parallel with this, the war raised a huge number of real professionals of his business with steel nerves, and can instantly cope with the most complex problems. They achieved astounding results, and for all the time of the war, about 72 percent of the wounded soldiers and 90 percent of the patients returned to the system, then there are approximately 17 million people.

These highest performance brightly demonstrate professionalism and incredible self-denial of Soviet physicians who managed to fulfill their duty even in the most difficult and unforeseen circumstances.

The most famous doctors of the Great Patriotic War

A special tribute to be given to the outstanding specialists engaged in the organization of the work of all medical personnel, and constantly worked for the good of the country and people. These people include the chief surgeon of Nikolai Nilovich Burdenko, the head of the main sanitary department of Efim Ivanovich Smirnova, the main therapist of the Navy Alexander Leonidovich Myasnikova, the main surgeon of the Navy Justina Yulanovich Jenderadze and many other managers, as well as deputies. It is thanks to their dedicated work and attention to the smallest detail, thousands of doctors at the front received the necessary medicines and had the opportunity to cope with a huge influx of serious soldiers.

Separately, it is worth noting the huge contribution of women-doctors, which, despite all the horrors of the war, did not lower their hands and helped save lives, and received the title of the Heroes of the Soviet Union for this. They became Gnorovskaya Valery Osipovna, Ksenia Vera Sergeevna, Konstantinova Ksenia Semenovna, Kerakets Lyudmila Stepanovna, Samsonova Zinaida Aleksandrovna, Troyan Nadezhda Viktorovna, Shkarletova Marina Savelieva, Paina Fain Andreyevna, Tsukanova Maria Nikitichna, Shcherbachenko Maria Zakharovna and many more others.

Of course, each medical worker, bravely fought for the life of the soldiers during the Great Patriotic War, deserves deep respect and respect, because fulfilling his duty, they made a huge contribution to the general victory, and many of them paid their own lives. Guardian angels of ordinary soldiers and high-ranking officers, invisible heroes of war.

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State budgetary educational institution of higher vocational education

"Ryazan State medical University Name Academician I.P. Pavlova "

Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

(GBOU VPO Ryazmagmu of the Ministry of Health of Russia)

Department of Public Health and Health, Nursing Organization with a Course of Social Hygiene and Health Organization PDPO

Head of the Department: D.M.N O.V. Medvedev

Heroism of doctors during the Great Patriotic War

Ryazan 2015

Introduction

Chapter 1. Medicine during the Great Patriotic War

1.1 Problems arising before medicine at the beginning of war

1.2 Health Objectives in the Great Body

1.3 Help of Science

Chapter 2. The war is not a female face

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

For five thousand years, the written history of mankind was just 292 years old were held on Earth without wars; The remaining 47th centuries retained the memory of 16 thousand large and small wars, which took more than 4 billion lives. Among them, the bloody was the second world War (1939-1945). For the Soviet Union, it was the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. It was the period when the ministry of debt goes beyond the science and his profession and is committed in the name of the Motherland, in the name of the people. At this difficult time, medical workers showed genuine heroism and devotion to their Fatherland, their exploits in the war years are unique.

Suffice it to say that over two hundred thousand doctors and the semi-million army of medium-sized medical workers who showed miracles of courage, unprecedented mental persistence and humanism worked at the front and in the rear. Military physicians returned millions of soldiers and officers in the ranks of the defenders of the Motherland. They provided medical care on the battlefield, under the fire of the enemy, and if this was required by the situation - they themselves became warriors and fascinated by others. The Soviet people from the fascist invaders, the Soviet people, for incomplete estimates, lost on the battlefields during hostilities More than 27 million lives. Millions of people remained disabled. But among those who returned home with the victory, many remained alive, thanks to the dedicated work of military and civilian physicians.

Chapter 1. Medicine during the Great Patriotic War

1.1 Problems arising before medicine at the beginning of the war

From the first days of war, the medical service experienced serious difficulties, a sharp deficit was felt in the means, lacked frames. A significant part of the mobilization material and human health resources, which was 39.9% of the total number of doctors and 35.8% of the number of hospital beds, was in the western regions of the Soviet Union and already in the first days of the war was captured by the upcoming parts of the enemy. Large losses carried a medical service directly on the battlefield. More than 80% of all its sanitary losses accounted for an ordinary and sergeant composition, that is, on the advanced link, acting on the front line. During the war, more than 85 thousand doctors died or disappeared. In this regard, the early issues of the last two courses of military medical academies and medical faculties, organized accelerated preparation of paramedics and junior pertillars. As a result, by the second year of war, the army was equipped with doctors by 91%, paramachers by 97.9%, pharmacists by 89.5%.

The main "forge of personnel" for military medical service was the Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov. Its walls were prepared and sent to the front of 1829 military doctors. Graduates of the Academy showed genuine heroism, performing their patriotic and professional debt in war. The 532 pupils and an employee of the Academy died in battles for their homeland. Significant contributions to the victory also made representatives of other medical educational institutions, including the 1st Moscow medical Institute name I.M. Sechenov.

1.2 Health tasks during the Great

During the war years, the main health tasks were:

1. Help the wounded and sick wars;

2. Medical service of rear workers;

3. Protection of children's health;

4. Wide anti-epidemic activities.

The struggle for the life of the wounded began immediately after injured, directly on the battlefield. All medical personnel clearly realized that the main cause of the death of the wounded on the battlefield, in addition to incompatible injuries, are shock and blood loss. When solving this problem, the most important condition for success was the deadlines and quality of first aid, first medical and qualified medical care.

Particular attention was paid to the demand of the removal of wounded with weapons, which restored not only the human, but also the military-technical potential of the Red Army. Stalin, prescribed to represent the award of the Sanitary and Sanitation-Porters for the removal of the wounded from the battlefield with their weapons: for removal of 15 people. Represented to the medals "for military merit" or "for courage", 25 people to the Order of the Red Star, 40 people to the Order of the Red Banner, 80 people to the Order of Lenin.

A wide network of evacuation hospitals was created in the country, a system of staged treatment of wounded and patients with evacuation for their intended purpose was established.

The evacuation of the wounded from the hospital bases of the front to the rear hospitals of the country was carried out in the overwhelming majority of cases by military-sanitary trains. The volume of rail transportation from the front area in the rear of the country amounted to more than 5 million people.

The organization of specialized medical care (wounded in the head, neck and spine, in chest and stomach, thigh and large joints).

During the war, the creation of an uninterrupted system of workpiece and delivery of donor blood was vital. The unified leadership of civil and military blood services provided a higher percentage of wounded recovery. By 1944, there were 5.5 million donors in the country. In total, about 1,700 tons of canned blood were used for the period of the war. More than 20 thousand Soviet citizens were awarded the sign "Honorary Donor of the USSR". The joint work of military and civilian health authorities on the prevention of infectious diseases, their active interaction at the front and in the rear to prevent the mass development of epidemics, dangerous and earlier satellites of any war, fully justified themselves and allowed to create a strictest system of anti-epidemic events, which included:

· Creation of anti-epidemic barriers between front and rear;

· Systematic observation, with the aim of timely detection of infectious patients and their immediate isolation;

· Regulation of sanitary processing of troops;

· Application of effective vaccines and other measures.

The large amount of work was done by the main epidemiologist and the infectiousness of the Red Army I.D. Ionin.

The efforts of hygienists contributed to the elimination of the risk of avitaminosis, a sharp reduction in alimentary diseases in military units, preserving the epidemic well-being of troops and civilians. First of all, due to targeted prophylaxis, the incidence of intestinal infections and abdominal typhoid was insignificant and did not have a tendency to increase. To preserve a favorable sanitary and epidemic situation, the vaccines developed by domestic scientists: polyvaccine, built on the principle of associated vaccine depot using complete microbial antigens; Vaccines against Tularemia; Syroval vaccine. Vaccinations against tetanus using tetanus anatoxine were developed and successfully applied. The scientific development of issues of anti-epidemic protection of troops and the population has successfully continued throughout the war. The military medical service had to create an effective bath-laundry and disinfection system.

Slender system of anti-epidemic measures, sanitary - hygienic support of the Red Army led to the result of an unprecedented in the history of wars - during the Great Patriotic War in Soviet troops there were no epidemics. Much-known issues related to medical care for prisoners of war and repatriates remain. It is here that humanism and philanthropy of domestic medicine manifested themselves with all the brightness. The wounded and patients were sent to the nearest medical institutions. They were provided with medical assistance on the same with the main army of the reasons. Nutrition of prisoners of war in hospitals was carried out on the norms of hospital soldering. At the same time, in German concentration camps, Soviet prisoners of war were practically deprived of medical care.

Special attention in the war years was paid to children, many of whom have lost their parents. For them, children and nursery at home were created at home, dairy kitchens were arranged. Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in July 1944 were established honorary title "Mother Heroine", Order "Maternal Glory" and "Maternity Medal".

1.3 Help of Science

The successes achieved in the treatment of wounded and patients, returning them to the system and to work, in their meaning and volume equal to win the largest strategic battles.

GK Zhukov. Memories and reflections.

It is difficult to overestimate the feat of Soviet physicians to these harm years.

In the current army, 4 academicians of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 60 Academics and Corresponding Members of AMN USSR, 20 Laureates of the Leninist and State Prizes, 275 professors, 305 doctors and 1199 candidates of medical sciences worked as the main specialists. Formed important features Soviet medicine is the unity of civil and military medicine, the scientific leadership of the rear front, the continuity of the provision of medical care is injured and sick.

In the process of work, the physicians developed uniform principles of treatment of wounds, a single understanding of the "wound process", unified specialized treatment. Millions of surgical operations were carried out by the main specialists, surgeons of fronts, armies, hospitals, medical workers; The methods of treating firearms, primary processing of wounds, blending gypsum bandages have been developed.

Chief Surgeon Soviet army N.N.Burdenko was the largest organizer of surgical assistance to the wounded.

The well-known domestic military field surgeon, a scientist, Professor Nikolai Nikolayevich Eleans made an invaluable contribution to the development of both military field surgery and surgical science as a whole. Understanding that the fighting damage to the personal composition of the troops occurring in qualitatively new conditions cannot be made any comparison with the injury of peacetime, N.N. Elansky strongly objected to the mechanical transfer of ideas about such injury into the practice of military field surgery.

In addition, the indisputable contribution of N.N. Elansky to the organization of surgical assistance was the development of surgical sorting and evacuation issues. Received a final decision one of the most important problems Military-field surgery - a refusal to embed the treated firearm in a combat atmosphere. The implementation of these proposals of the scientist has made it possible to achieve high indicators of the activities of the medical service of the army. The number of surgical complications decreased dramatically. The experience of the medical and evacuation provision of past combat operations was summarized in a number of works N.N. Elansky. The most important of them is released at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War "Military Field Surgery". The tutorial was translated into many foreign languages. Scientific development scientists such up-to-date problems Military pathology, like the struggle with shock, the treatment of firearms of the chest, limbs, cranial and brain injuries, contributed to a significant improvement in the quality of medical care, the early recovery and return of the wounded.

Skin graft transplant method and cornea transplant method developed by V.P. Filatov, gained widespread use in military hospitals.

At the front and in the rear, the method of local anesthesia, developed by A.V. Vishnevsky - it was used in 85-90% of cases. Medicine War Healthcare Patriotic

In the organization of military field therapy and emergency assistance, the main merit belongs to the therapists of M.S. Masksa, A.L. Myasnikov, P.I. Egorov and others.

Science of antibiotics began to develop after opening in 1929 by English scientists A. Fleming Antimicrobial action of the mold fungus Penicillinum. The active substance formed by this fungus. A, Fleming called Penicillin. In the USSR, the first penicillin was obtained Z.V. Ermolieva and G.I. Badezinoiv 1942. Production of drugs based on it created conditions for medical use of antibiotics. During the war years, Penicillin was used to treat complicated infected wounds and saved the lives of many Soviet soldiers.

V.N. Shamov was one of the creators of the blood service system in the existing army. During the war years, mobile blood transfusion stations were organized on all fronts.

Also, many chemist scientists came to help medicine, which created drugs necessary for the treatment of wounded. So, the polymer of vinylbutyl alcohol, obtained by M. F. Shostakovsky, - a thick viscous liquid - turned out to be good to a tool For wound healing, it was used in hospitals called - "Balm Shostakovsky".

Leningrad scientists have developed and manufactured more than 60 new healing drugs, in 1944 mastered the plasma transfusion method, created new solutions for blood conservation.

Academician A.V. Palladium synthesized means to stop bleeding.

Socked students of Moscow University was synthesized by the trombone enzyme - a blood coagulation preparation.

In addition to chemistry scientists who have made an invaluable contribution to the victory over Hitler's Germany, there were ordinary chemical warriors: engineers and workers, teachers and students.

Chapter 2. The war is not a female face

Hot love for his Fatherland gives birth to the Soviet people the determination to go to the feats, without work in any post to strengthen the power of the Soviet state, multiplying his wealth, to protect the conquest of socialism from any enemies, to protect peaceful life in every way.

The whole of this struggle is great soviet women, including women doctors.

During the Great Patriotic War, during the greatest tension of all the material and spiritual forces of the people, when the male part of the population went to the front, the places of men everywhere - both in production, and women were taken on the collective farm fields. With honor, they coped with work in the rear at all posts.

Honor and noble the role of Soviet societies of the Red Cross and Red Crescent. Work in these organizations was especially widely unfolded during the Great Patriotic War. Hundreds of thousands of nurses and sanitary bruises were trained without separating from production in schools, in courses, in the sanitary squads of the Red Cross and Red Crescent. Here they received initial training on the provision of first medical care to the wounded and sick, care for them, to conduct health events.

Selfless, under the enemy's fire, brave patriot provided the first medical care to the wounded and endured them from the battlefield. Thoughtful care and great attention was surrounded in the field hospitals and the hospitals of the rear were seriously injured, were also donors, giving their blood injuries.

Sanitary, sanitary instructors, medical sisters, doctors - all of them selflessly performed their duty on the fields of the Great Patriotic War, in the bed of the wounded, in the operating room, in front-line and far from the front of the rear hospitals. Tens of thousands of medical workers received orders and medals, the best of the best was awarded the high title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Most of the awarded were active members of the Red Cross Society.

The names of the twelve of women-doctors who received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union are known.

The largest scientist of our country, the main surgeon of the Soviet Army N. N. Burdenko, who participated as Sanitar in the Russian-Japanese war of 1904-1905. And he was awarded to the Soldier's St. George Cross, pointing in the days of the Great Patriotic War, "behind the Warrior with a sanitary bag, leaning over the wounded friend, is our entire Soviet country."

Evaluating the high moral qualities of Sanitars and the Sanitarks who worked under the Grand in the bullets and min in the name of the salvation of their comrades, he said that our glorious Sanitars show the wonders of the courage and dedication that the Sanitary fighters risk their lives every minute, but their duty was performed heroically, and examples Such a heroism is thousands.

The feat of Russian women will forever remain on the pages of history, keep the same memory of him in their hearts, the memory of women who brought our homeland freedom.

Conclusion

Medical workers made a wicious contribution to victory. At the front and in the rear, afternoon and at night, in incredibly hard conditions of the war years they saved the lives of millions of warriors. 72.3% of the wounded and 90.6% of patients returned to service. If these percentages are present in absolute figures, the number of wounded and patients returned to the medical service for all years of war will be about 17 million people. If you compare this figure with the number of our troops during the war years (about 6 million 700 thousand people in January 1945), it becomes obvious that the victory was pretty much soldiers and officers returned to the medical service. At the same time, it should be emphasized that, since January 1, 1943, 85 people were commissioned from each hundred of battles in battles from the medical institutions of regimental, army and frontal regions and only 15 people from the hospital of the country's rear. "Army and individual compounds - wrote Marshal K.K. Rokossovsky, - was replenished in the main soldiers and officers who returned after healing from front-line, army hospitals and from Medicalbat. Truly our doctors were the heroes workers. They did everything to rather put the wounded on their feet, give them the opportunity to return to operation again. "

Bibliography

1. The history of medicine: a textbook for the stud. Higher. honey. studies. Vehicles / Tatyana Sergeevna Sorokina. - 3rd ed., Pererab. And add. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2004. - 560 p.

2. Who was who in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945: a brief reference book / ed. O. A. Rheshevsky. - M.: Republic, 1995. - 416 p.: Il.

3. Satarapinsky F. V. Together with all the people in the glory of the Motherland.

4. Scientific discoveries during the Great Patriotic War

5. The participation of women in the Great Patriotic War.

6. Gaidar. B. V. The role of physicians in the Great Patriotic War.

7. State Archives of the Russian Federation, storing photographic documents about the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. Military medicine.

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Mareza Zinaida Ivanovna (1922 - 1943).

Born in the village of Cherkasy, Volsky district, Saratov region. He graduated from the courses of the Red Cross, went to the front by the Sanitary Instructor Route. Participated in battles for Stalingrad. For salvation of the wounded on the battlefield, he was awarded the Order of the Red Star and the Medal "For Martial merit". Being in the target for the seizure of a bridgehead through the northern Donets, only in two days of bloody battle was assisted by 64 wounded, of which 60 crossed the left bank. On the night of August 3, 1943, Marezhev coiled the next wounded on the boat. Not far broke the enemy mine. Saving the wounded, the brave Komsomolka covered him with his body and was mortally wounded. 3.I. Maresieve posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.

Troyan Nadezhda Viktorovna.

Born in 1921 in Verkhne-Dvinsk, Vitebsk region (BSSR). The war caught her in Minsk. Nadezhda Viktorovna enters into the partisan detachment "storm". He helped with combat girlfriends to flee from the fascist captivity a group of wounded Soviet prisoners of war. Selflessly tied up and kept wounded partisans. For the exemplary execution of a combat task in the rear of the enemy and the courage and heroism of N.V. Troyan was awarded the title Heroes of the Soviet Union. Currently Candidate of Medical Sciences N.V. Troyan is headed by the Central Research Institute of Sanitary Enlightenment of the USSR Ministry of Health and leads a greater social work.

Levchenko Irina Nikolaevna.

Born in 1924 in the city of Kadiiiyevka Lugansk region. Komsomolka. The Sanitary Druzhinnitsa of the Red Cross in July 1941 left the volunteer to the front. Released with 168 wounded warriors from the environment. He was a sanitary instructor of the tank part, in combat operations saved the life of 28 tankers. Subsequently became a tanker officer. It has 15 government awards. Awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union. For the salvation of the wounded on the battlefield and manifested at the same time, dedication was also awarded by the International Committee of the Red Cross Medal "Florence Nangel". Currently, the famous writer, public activity. Communication I.P. Levchenko lives in Moscow.

Kravets Lyudmila Stepanovna.

Born in 1923 in the village of Kushugum. Zaporizhia district, Zaporizhia region. He graduated from the school of nurses. In 1941, went to the front by the sanitary instructor of the rifle division. For the salvation of the life of the wounded, he was awarded three orders of the Red Star and the Medal "for the courage." The communists of the division accepted Komsomolka L. S. Kravets to the party members. In the battles on the approaches to Berlin, he was twice wounded, but did not leave the battlefield. At the critical moment of the fight inspired the fighters on the attack. After the third injury, on the streets of Berlin was delivered to the hospital. For the courage and heroism of L. S. Kravets in 1945, the title Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded. Nowadays L.S. Kravkets lives and works in Zaporizhia.

Therodor Andreevna Push (1922-1943).

Born in the village of Tukmachi, Yankur-Bodinsky district, Udmurt ASSR. He graduated from the Feldsher School in the city of Izhevsk. In 1942, he was designed to the army of the paramedic of a sanitary company. Defenselessness when assisting the wounded was awarded the Order of the Red Star. On November 6, 1943, heroism was shown in the battles for Kiev in the salvation of the hospital wounded in the registered Nazis. Died from heavy burns and injuries. Posthumously F.A. Putin was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.

Gnarovskaya Valeria Osipovna (1923-1943).

Born in the village of Modolians Kingisepsky district of the Leningrad region. He graduated from the Red Cross courses in 1942 and left the volunteer to the front. In the period offensive fights V.O. Gnarovskaya appeared on the most dangerous areas among the fighters, saved life over 300 wounded. September 23, 1943, under the state farm Ivanenkovo \u200b\u200b(Zaporizhia region), two enemy tank "Tiger" broke through the location of our troops. Brave Komsomolka, saving serious fighters, sacrificing life, rushed with a bunch of a grenade under the fascist tank and blew it. Gnarovsky posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union. Its name called the village and state farm in the Zaporizhia region.

Petrova Galina Konstantinovna (1920-1943).

Born in Nikolaev Ussr. He graduated from medical curses and worked in the hospital by the sanitary instructor of the battalion of the marine infantry, participated in the Sea Design on the seizure of a bridgehead at the Kerch Peninsula. Within 35 days, self-deepently provided medical care paratroopers under continuous enemy fire. Having received a difficult injury, was delivered to Medsanbat, which was in the school building. During the rotation of enemy aviation, one of the bombs hit the building, a lot of wounded died from it, including G.K. Petrova. Communication G.K. Petrova posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union. Her name is forever listed in the lists of one of the parts Navy THE USSR.

Tusnolobov-Marchenko Zinaida Mikhailovna.

Born in 1920 in the city of Polotsk (BSSR). He graduated from the courses of the nurses of the Red Cross and was assigned to the Sanitary Instructor Route. For saving 40 wounded in battles, Voronezh was awarded the Order of the Red Star. I carried 123 wounded soldiers and officers from the battlefield. In 1943, near Kursk was seriously injured, long lay on the battlefield, much lost blood. Gangren began. Doctors saved her life, but 3.. Tusnolobov-Marchenko lost his hands and legs. Zinaida Mikhailovna did not fell in spirit, passionately called on the warriors into the enemy. Its name were, tanks, airplanes were named. In 1957 he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. For dedication, manifested on the battlefield on the salvation of the wounded, the International Committee of the Red Cross awarded her medal "Florence Nangel". Currently, Communcovka Tusnolobov-Marchenko Personal pensioner, lives in the city of Polotsk, is actively involved in public life.

Samsonova Zinaida Aleksandrovna (1924-1944).

Born in the village of Bobkovo, Egoryevsky district, Moscow region. He graduated from a medical school. During the Great Patriotic War, the Sanitary Instructor of the Rifle Battalion, selflessly assisted the help of wounded under Stalingrad, in Voronezh and other fronts. Fearless Komsomolka was adopted in the Communist Party. In the autumn of 1943, he participated in the landing operation on the seizure of a springboard on the right bank of the Dnieper in the village of Slahka Kanevsky district. For durability, courage and courage 3.A. Samsonova was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union. Patriot died, saving the life of the wounded, from the hand of a fascist sniper in Belarus.

Konstantinova Ksenia Semenovna (1925-1943).

Born in the village of dry Lubna, Trubvetchinsky district. Lipetsk region. He studied at the Feldsher-Okusher School. Voluntarily went to the front by a sanitary instructor of the rifle battalion. Showed dedication and fearlessness. On the night of October 1, 1943, Konstantinova assisted wounded on the battlefield. Suddenly a large group of fascists appeared. They laughed out of machine guns and began to surround the harden. Brave communist accepted an unequal battle. It was injured in the head and, having lost consciousness, was captured, where it was subjected to brutal torture. Patriot died. "She was posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.

Tsukanova Maria Nikitichna (1923 -1945).

Born in the village of Novonikolaevka Khutinsky district of the Omsk region. He was a santic twinhead of the Red Cross and entered a volunteer in a separate battalion of the Marine Corps of the Pacific Fleet. In August 1945, the sanitary instructor M.N. Tsukanova participated in the landing for the liberation of the city of Seysen (now the city of Chonzhin, the Korean People's Democratic Republic). Over the two days, the brave nurse bandaged and carried 52 wounded sailors from the battlefield, she did not leave the fighters and after herself was seriously injured. In the unconscious state of Tsukanov, captured. To seek information about the upcoming parts, Japanese samurai brutally tortured the girl. But the courageous patriot did not give secrets, she chose the death to betrayal. In 1945, Maria Nikitichna posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union. Her name by order of the Minister of Defense is forever listed in the School of Sanitary Instructors of one of the Hospitals of the USSR Navy.

Shcherbachenko Maria Zakharovna.

Born in 1922 in the village of Efremovna, Volchansky district, Kharkiv region. Voluntary joined the current army. With a handful of hand-making teams, he participated in the desant on the seizure of a bridgehead on the right bank of the Dnieper, after which for ten days assisted and carried 112 serious soldiers and officers from the battlefield. At night, personally organized them by crossing them across the Dnipro River in the rear. For heroism, persistence and dedication in the salvation of wounded warriors, it was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union. After the end of the war, Communist M.Z. Shcherbachenko received legal education. Currently lives in Kiev.

Bid Maria Karpovna.

Born in 1922 in the village of Novy Sivash, Krasnoperekopsky district. Crimean region. During the heroic defense of Sevastopol, the sanitary instructor M.K. Bida selflessly assisted the wounded fighters and commanders. Saving the life of the fighters, entered into martial arts with Nazis. The whole front knew about her fearlessness and heroism. The glorious daughter of the Soviet people fighters of the division accepted into the party. In 1942 she was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union. In the last days of the Defense of the city, Sevastopol, Sevastopol was seriously wounded and contrusedly, captured. In the fascist captivity, Patriot performed the instructions of the underground organization. Currently, Maria Karpovna lives and worries in Sevastopol.

Shkarletova Maria Savelievna.

Born in 1925 in the village of Kislovka. Kupyan district. Kharkiv region. After training in courses of sanitary instructors, participated in the liberation of Ukraine, Belarus, Poland. In 1945, heroism was shown in the salvation of the life of the wounded, participating in the departure of the bridgehead on the west bank of the Vistula River. For manifested courage, resilience and heroism on a seized bridgehead and removal from the battlefield, more than 100 wounded was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union. He graduated from the war brave communist in the defeated Berlin. For dedication to save the wounded on the battlefield, awards of the International Committee of the Red Cross Medal "Florence NamentNeill" was awarded. M.S. Shkarletova graduated from the Feldsher School, lives and works in the city of Kupyansk.

Cascoeva Vera Sergeevna.

Born in 1922 in the village of Petrovka, Trinity District. Altai Territory. He graduated from the courses of the nurses of the Red Cross. Sanitary instructor of rifle company V. S. Kashcheev received combat baptism at the legendary walls of Stalingrad. In October 1913, among the first 25 paratroopers forced Dnipro. At the captured bridgehead, when reflected by enemy attacks was injured, but did not leave the battlefield until our parts approached. In 1944, the hero of the Soviet Union was awarded the brave sanitary instructor. Reached with the victory to Berlin. Now the Communist V.S. Cascoeva lives and worries in the village of Vira Khabarovsk Territory.

*********************
"Soviet artist", 1969.

Who will say: the doctor did not fought
That blood did not shed her blood,
That nights slept he goes out,
Ile what hid like mole.
Since someone will tell this news,
I want to postpone them all
There, - moaning where the earth,
There, - burned, where the fields,
Human, where he was damaged,
Where a terrible moan was broadcast.
It was not night to watch
They could only help them.

The Great Patriotic War was the most severe and bloody of all the warrior, ever experienced by our people. She took more than twenty million human lives. In this war were killed, burned in crematoriums and destroyed in concentration camps millions of people.
Stone and pain stood on earth. The peoples of the Soviet Union close to a single fist. Along with men fought women and children. The shoulder to the shoulder with the warriors of the Soviet Army passed the roads of the war from the terrible, harsh days of 1941 to the Soviet Medicas of the Victory Day of May 1945, the people of the woman.
During these years, more than two hundred thousand doctors and half a million medium medical personnel worked at the front and in the rear. And half of them were women. They were assisted for more than ten million wounded. In all parts and units, the current army, in the partisan detachments, the soldiers of the health service, who are ready to help the wounded at any time were in local teams of air defense.
The working day of the doctors and nurses of medical schools and front-line hospitals often lasted a few days. Sleepless nights The medical workers stood near the operating tables, and one of them pulled out on their back from the battlefield, killed and wounded.
Among the doctors there were many of their "sailors", which, saving the wounded, covered them with their bodies from bullets and fragments of shells.
The Soviet Red Cross made a great contribution to the save and treatment of the wounded.
During the Great Patriotic War, several hundred thousand nice sisters, sanitary druzinnitsa, sanitary, more than 23 million people were prepared under the program "Ready to Sanitary Defense of the USSR".
This terrible, bloody war required a large number of donor blood.
During the war, there were more than 5.5 million donors in the country. A large number of wounded and sick soldiers were returned again to the system.
Several thousand medical workers were awarded orders and medals for their painstaking, severe work.
And the International Committee of the Red Cross awarded the Florence Plantneyale medal * 38 Medical Sisters - Pupils of the Union of the Red Cross Society and the Red Crescent of the USSR.
Further and further inland history goes the events of the Great Patriotic War, but the memory of the great feat of the Soviet people and his Armed Forces Forever will continue in the people.
I will give only a few examples of female doctors who do not sparing, as they say the belly of their own, raised the spirit of warriors, raised the wounded from the hospital bed and sent their country again into battle again, their home from the enemy.

* Medal was established in 1912, league of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent, as the highest award of graduate nurses and medical, voluntary sanitary and agencies, who distinguished themselves in the military or in peacetime their courage and exceptional devotion to the wounded, sick, whose health was under threat Life.
The Englishwoman Florence Plantneyale, in Britain in the XIX century, was able to organize and head in the Crimean War (1854-1856) Courses Nurse. The detachment of sisters Mercy provided the first medical care to the wounded. After, all his state, she also testified to the establishment of a reward for mercy, which will be manifested on the battlefield and in peacetime with medical sisters and nurses.
The medal was approved by the Red Cross International Committee in 1912. She is awarded on May 12, on the birthday of Florence Nangel, every two years. For all the years of the existence of this award, it was awarded and received more than 1170 women from different countries World.
In the USSR, this award was awarded 38 Soviet women.
In the small town of Kamyshin, the Volgograd region, there is a museum, which is not in any major city with a million population, there is no it in such major cities, as in Moscow and in St. Petersburg. This is the only first in the country, the Museum of Medical Sisters, the sisters of mercy, awarded by the International Committee of the Red Cross Medal Florence NotentNeyl.

Among the numerous army of physicians, I want to name the name of the Hero of the Soviet Union Zinaida Alexandrovna Samsonova, who went to the front when she was only seventeen years old.
Zinaida or how cute her name was the one-pillar, Zinik, born in the village of Bobkovo, Egoryevsky district, Moscow region. Before the war he himself went to study at the Yegoryev Medical School. When the enemy joined her native land, and the country was in danger, Zina decided that it would definitely go to the front. And she rushed there.
In the current army, it since 1942 and immediately turns out to be advanced. There was Zina sanitary instructor of the rifle battalion. The fighters loved her for a smile, for her dedicated assistance to the wounded. With their fighters, Zina was the worst battles, participated in the Battle of Stalingrad. She fought on the Voronezh Front, and on other fronts.
In the fall of 1943, he participated in the landing operation on the seizure of a springboard on the right bank of the Dnieper in the village of Drying Kanevsky district, now the Cherkasy region. Here she, together with his fellow soldiers managed to capture this bridgehead.
From the field of the battle of Zina, more than thirty injured and crossed them on the other side of the Dnieper.

Burned, Earth melted,
Burned everything around the field,
Stood one pitch hell
But only "forward!", Not "back", -
Shouted brave sons
Heroes of the past war.

And Zinokhka led fighters,
Hid her face pain
Dragged on themselves, "lucky",
Walking as if b two wings.
Shells rumbled as it was called,
"I ask you to save us, a cute God,"
Whispered her lips from her
I prayed, only, it.

About this fragile nineteen-year-old girl went legends. Zinechka was distinguished by courage and courage.
When the commander was killed at the village of Hill in 1944, Zina, without thinking, took over the command of the battle and raised the fighters into the attack. In this battle last time Heard friends-fellow soldiers her amazing, slightly hoarse voice: "Eagles, for me!"
Zinok Samsonova died in this battle on January 27, 1944 for the Hill village in Belarus.
She was buried in a brotherly grave in Ozarichi, Kalinkovsky district, Gomel region.
For persistence, courage and courage Zinaide Alexandrovna Samsonova posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.
School, where Zina Samsonova once studied, her name was assigned.

Zinaida Mikhailovna Tusnolobova - Marchenko, was born in the city of Polotsk, in Belarus, on November 23, 1920, in the family of a peasant. Childhood and study, Zina also passed in Belarus, but at the end of the seven-year, the whole family moved soon to Siberia, to the city of Leninsk-Kuznetsk, Kemerovo region.
Soon, her father dies in Siberia. The breadwinner in the family did not, and Zina went, work on the plant with a laboratory checist.
In 1941, three months before the start of the war, she marries Joseph Petrovich Marchenko.
The war began, and the husband called on the front. Zina immediately entered the courses of the nurse and after the end, they went to the front volunteer.
Zina got to serve in the 849th Rifle Regiment of the Siberian Division.
She received the first combat baptism on July 11, 1942 under Voronezh. The battle lasted three days. She was alongside the male fighters went to the attack and there, on the spot, provided medical care, tried to endure the wounded from the battlefield. From the three-day of that battle, she carried 40 wounded.
For this brave, selfless feat, Zina was awarded the Order of the Red Star. As then said Zinaida Mikhailovna: "I knew that I still need to justify this award."
She tried to work even better.
For the salvation of 123 wounded soldiers and officers, she was awarded to the Order of the Red Banner. But the tragedy was waiting for her in front. The last fight With the enemy for her turned out to be fatal.
In 1943, the regiment was fighting at the station of the pot, Kursk region. Zina rushed from one wounded to another, but then she was informed that the commander was injured. She immediately rushed to him. At this time, the Germans walked into the attack on the field. She fled, at the beginning, nourishing, but feeling that the hot wave burned her leg and liquid was filled into boots, she realized that she was injured, then she fell and crawled. Shells rushed around her, but she continued to crawl. The shell again burst into unrelaxed from her, she saw that the commander was killed, but next to him was a tablet, where, as she knew, there were secret papers. Zina hardly crawled to the body of the commander, took the tablet, managed to hide him for the sinus, but here again there was an explosion, and she lost consciousness.
Winter stood, February-month, frost cracked at her land. Waking up, Zina saw that the Germans go along the field and finish the wounded. It was already insignificant distance to her, Zina decided to pretend to be dead. Going to her, seeing that this is a woman, German began to beat her butt on his head, on the stomach, in his face, she again lost consciousness. She woke up at night. Could not move her hand or leg. Suddenly she heard Russian speech. These are the porters' sanitaryars walked around the field, took the dead. Zina groaned. Then, louder and louder, this most she tried to attract attention. Finally, the Sanitars heard her. She woke up in the hospital, where she lay next to men. She was ashamed, her naked body did not always covered her sheets. The head physician turned to the residents of the village, so that someone took her to her house. Amensed one widow to take Zin to her on peace. She began to feed Zina, than could only, and the cow's milk did his job. Zina went on amendment.
But one night it became bad at night, a very high temperature rose, the hostess that cared for Zina, was frightened and immediately quickly, on the cart, took Zinu back to the hospital.
The doctor, having examined her, saw that she had a gangrene of hands and legs.
Zina was sent to the rear hospital in Siberia. Upon arrival in the hospital, for the twenties day, to save her life, the right hand was amputated above the elbow, the next day the right leg was above the knee. Ten days passed also and she was amputated to the brush of the left hand, and half a month and a half the floor of the left leg was taken away. The doctor was amazed by patience and resistance to this fragile woman. He did everything to somehow relieve the fate of Zina. Zina, silently, transferred all operations, practically without anesthesia. The only requested the doctor: "I'll stand everything, just leave me life ..."
The surgeon constructed her a special cuff to put her on her right hand of Zina, who was cut down above the elbow. Zina, thanks to this adaptation, learned to write. The surgeon convinced it in one operation. On the left hand left, he made a complicated incision. As a result of this operation, the similarity of two large fingers was formed. Zina stubbornly trained daily and soon he learned to keep a fork, spoon, toothbrush.
Spring has come. The sun looked into the windows, the ribbed wounded went out into the street, who could not go, he just crawl. Zina lay in the ward one and looked at the branches of trees from the open window. The fighter passed by, looking into the window, seeing the lying zin, shouted: "Well, that beautiful, let's go, go?" Zina was always optimistic, and then she was not confused, she immediately parried: "I have no hairstyle."
The young fighter did not retreat and immediately appeared at her in the ward.
And suddenly he got up like the inspected. He saw that there was no woman on the bed, and stump, without legs and without hands. The fighter buried and stood up to his knees. "Sorry, sister, forgive me ..."
Soon, learning to write with his two fingers, she writes a letter to her husband: "My dear, cute, Joseph! Forgive me for this letter, but I can no longer be silent. I have to tell you the truth ... ".
Zina described her husband's husband, and at the end added: "I'm sorry, I do not want to be for you a burden. Forget me and goodbye. Your zina.
Zina for the first time in all the time he looked into the pillow almost all night. She mentally said goodbye to her husband, said goodbye to his love. But time passed, and Zina received a letter from her husband, where he wrote:
"Cute, my dear wife, Zinechka! I received a letter, I was very happy. We will always live together and well, if I certainly give God, stay alive ... Waiting for your answer. Your, sincerely love you, Joseph. Quickly recover. Be healthy and physically and morally. And do not think anything bad. Kisses".
At that time, Zina was happy, she had nothing more expensive than this letter, now she grabbed the life as for the straw, with a new force. She took a pencil in the teeth and tried to write to the teeth. In the end, she learned to insert even a thread in the needle's ear.
From Zina's hospital, through the newspaper, wrote letters to the front:
"Russian people! Soldiers! Comrades, I walked in one row with you and rolled the enemy, but now I can't fight more, I ask you: to revenge for me! For more than a year I have been lying in the hospital, I have no hands, no legs. I just 23 years old. The Germans took away everything from me: love, dream, normal life. Do not right away, who came unknown to our house. Exterminate fascists like mad pieces. Remove not only for me, but also for validated mothers, sisters, their children, for hundreds of thousands, stolen in slavery ... "
On the 1st Baltic front, on the stormcut "IL-2" and on the tank there was an inscription: "For Zin Tusnolobov."

... the war ended, Zinaida returned to the city of Leninsk-Kuznetsky, where she lived before leaving the front.
Meetings with her husband, she was looking forward to and with anxiety. My husband also had amputated one leg. Young, beautiful order - senior lieutenant Marchenko hugged Zina and whispered:
"Nothing, native, everything will be fine."
Soon Zina gives birth to one after another, two sons, but happiness lasted long. Falling influenza, children die. Zina could let everything out what her health concerned, but she could not make the death of children. She began depressed. But here, shifting himself, she persuaded her husband to go to his hometown, where she was born, to the city of Polotsk, Belarus.
Here she gives birth to a sown again, and then daughter. When the son has grown, then somehow asked his mother: "Mommy, and where are your handles and legs?" Zina was not confused and answered his son: "In war, honey, in war. You grow up, son, I will tell you, then you can understand, and now you are still small."
Once upon arrival in Polotsk, she went with her mother on the reception in a hill party, with a request to help her with housing, but after hearing her, the chief began to shame her: "How don't you ashamed, a darling? Do you ask for a housing? And, look, how many crashes do us ...?
But what, what are you a hero, do you know how many people?
You and your legs and with my hands came from the front, while others, because, without the legs returned. I can't give them yet, and you are standing in front of me here, and hands on the spot and with your feet. You can still wait ... ".
Zina, silently, came out of the office and sat on the chair near his mother, who accompanied her here.
Going to the corridor, after it, the official saw the old mother straightens the stockings on her legs, raising her skirt and talk two prosthesis. He also saw that his visitor had no hands. He was amazed by the exposure and self-sustaining of this woman.
For dedication and mercy shown on the battlefield on December 6, 1957, Zinaida Mikhailovna Tusnolobovaya-Marchenko was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union with the award of the medal " Golden Star"And the Order of Lenin.
And in 1965, the International Committee of the Red Cross awarded her Medal Florence Plantneyale.
In 1980, Zina, already with an adult daughter, came, at the invitation, to the city of Volgograd, for the celebration of Victory Day. There was a terrible heat. All those who died in Stalingrad were read. Zina stood two hours at the heat with all same-caps, on this solemn parade. She was offered to leave, but Zina refused and withstood the entire solemn ceremony.
Returning home, she died.
In the city of Polotsk opened the Heroine Museum. In the Museum-Apartment N.A. Oostrovsky in the House of Tverskaya Street in the city of Moscow there is a booth dedicated to the resistance and courage Zina Tusnolobovaya.

I, Bird Phoenix Zina B called
What a bright and bright she!
What glowing in the soul wound!
Example to us all living on Earth ...

Maria Sergeyevna Borovichenko - Born on October 21, 1925, in the village of Mousetlovka, that near Kiev, now one of the areas of the city of Kiev.
Mary's father was worked, often returned home late, so Maria lived in aunt. Even in early childhood, she lost her mother. After the end of the seven, Masha entered the courses of medical sisters.
When the German entered the territory of Ukraine, Masha was not sixteen years old. Seeing the horrors of the war, she could not stay at home and look like the enemy of the bikes in bloody boots her "Ridna Ukraine."
On August 10, 1941, a fragile, a dark-haired teenage girl approached the general of the submarine, who was on the team point and, ending in front of him, could not distort the words when he asked her the question: "When, how and why did you go through the front line?"
Masha, silently, got out of his pocket, his dirty sort female, a Komsomol ticket and said here.
She told how she traveled here, laid out all the information about the location of the army batteries of the enemy, all machine-gun points, how many warehouses were with weapons in Germans.
In August 1941, 16-year-old Komsomolka Maria Borovichenko, at its urgent request, enrolled a nurse in the first rifle battalion of the 5 airborne brigade. And two days later, after the fight in one of the areas of Kiev, where fighters were resting in the agricultural institute, shocked from what they saw, they were asked from an unfamiliar girl who made eight soldiers from the battlefield, and he could still shoot two fries, saving Slimkina's combat: " And where are you from such desperate, as if enchanted from the bullets? "Masha replied:" From a mousetrap ... "
No one guessed, but she did not explain that the mousetrap was her native village. But everyone laughed, and they began to call it and called Masseng of Mousetrap.
In September 1941, the Seyme River, which proceeded near the city of Konotop, was boiling from explosions and fire. The end of this fight was solved by one machine machine gun, whose position was chosen fragile, little teenage girl, Masha Borovichenko, who was already able to save more than twenty fighters. Under the bullets of the enemy, she helped her fighters to install the firing point of this machine gun.
It took a year in battles and battles, in 1942, there was also summer, from the village of Gutrovo, Masha, in a laid sinel, his example raised his fighters with his example. When the fascist knocked out the gun out of her hands, she immediately picked up a trophy machine and destroyed four fascists. Then kilometers of combat roads were passed, and not only passed, but also prolocated with the most responsible cargo - it was a cargo - human life.
Summer in 1943 came. The Corpus of General Rodimitseva, Maria served under whose leadership, was the fierce fighting, the Germans tried to break through to the Kursk.

Here the fight goes - the cruel,
When is the rest to wait short?
Now go to the attack again
I hope we will refund the city.
We'll have to fight in the battle,
Fascist, let him rush,
Then, I hope, rest
While in the attack we go.

So Masha wrote in his notebook when he managed to at least some residue.
In battle under Kursk, defending his breasts of Lieutenant Kornienko, she saved his life, but this bullet, hitting her right in his heart, cut the life of Mary. It happened on July 14 at the Eaglovka village of the Ivnian district of the Belgorod region.
On May 6, 1965, Maria Sergeyevna Borovichenko was posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.
In Kiev, there is a school, named after Maria Sergeyevna Borovichenko.

Valeria Osipovna Gnarovskaya, was born in the village of Modolians Kingisepsky District of the Leningrad Region, October 18, 1923.
Father Valeria worked at the post office, the boss. Mom Valeria was engaged in household. When Valeria turned five years old, parents moved to Leningrad Oblast Podporozhsky district. After the end of the seven, the parents staged her to learn from high school, to the district town of Podporozhye, near, where they lived, there were no decadent schools. Before the war, she graduated from a successful high school.
At home, that day, everyone had fun, the parents were happy to successfully complete her studies. Everywhere there were flowers. Valeria was all day in high spirits. There were many plans in my head, further admission to the university. But all this was not destined to come true, the war began.
The father immediately went to the front, instead of him, the mother of Valeria, like a mother, Valeria also went to the mail to work.
In the autumn of 1941, their area became front-line, the evacuation of the population began in Siberia. The whole family of Gnarovsky, and this is: Mother, Grandma, younger sister Valeria and Valeria's herself arrived in the Omsk region, in the village of Berdyuzhye.
Having established, they immediately went to work with her mother. They worked in the communications office. There was never from the father of letters, and Valeria, Schihari from the mother, repeatedly appealed to Railoenkomat, with a request to send it to the front, but each time he received a refusal.
And finally, in the spring of 1942, it, like others, such as she was the Komsomolok, sent to the station Ishim, where the Siberian division was formed.
Mother to calm her, Valeria wrote warm, tender letters. In one letter, she wrote: "Mommy, do not miss and do not worry ..., I will come back soon with the victory or perished in an honest battle ...".
In the division, in the same year, she graduated from the courses of the Red Cross Medical Sisters and voluntarily went to the front.
That division, where Valeria came at the front, in July 1942 he arrived at the Stalingrad Front. And immediately entered into battle. The explosions of bombs, artillery shells who rushed and threatened without end, mixed into a single, solid buzz, in this terrible hell no one could stick out a head from the trench. It seemed that the black sky pressed the earth, the earth was trembling from explosions. It was impossible to hear a person next to the man.
Valery jumped out first of the tune and screamed: "Comrades! For their homeland and dying is not scary! Let's go! "
And immediately everyone rushed to escape the enemy towards the enemy.
Valeria immediately, in the first battle, everyone surprised her courage and courage, her fearlessness. Seventeen days and nights the Division fought, losing his comrades, and eventually came to the environment.
All the surroundings of Valery suffered calmly and courageously, but then she got sick with a typhoid. Hanging the environment, the fighters carried out barely lively Valery.
In Division, Valery Laskovo called "cute swallow". By sending his swallow to the hospital, the fighters wished her the fastest return to their division.
Laying in the hospital, where she receives his first award - the medal "for courage," she again returns to the front.
During the battle, Valeria was on the most dangerous areas where she could save more three hundred fighters and officers.
September 23, 1943 in the area of \u200b\u200bthe state farm "Ivanenkovo", which in the Zaporizhia region, the enemy tanks "Tiger" broke through our troops. Saving seriously wounded fighters, Valeria rushed with a bundle of a grenade under the fascist tank and undermined it.

Moans earth, and there is no longer forces,
Tanks, like beasts, accelerated running.
"Lord! How can I overcome pain?
Make you so that the "evil is" away.
Give me strength, you, Motherland, mother,
To move the enemy from the country,
So that the earth does not moan around
Tanks go and closed the circle.
Cute mom, goodbye and sorry
Tanks stand on my way,
I have to take them away from fighters,
Wounded a lot, I need to go ...
The pain is all gone, and fear after her,
Only grenades would throw back soon
Just get guys to save me
Mom, Farewell, dear, sorry ... ".

On June 3, 1944, Valery Osipovna Gnarovskaya was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union - posthumously.
In the Zaporizhia region, its name was called the village.
"Over the plywood stars of Zarnitsa,
As flowers, spread spring.
The name of the beautiful Russian bird,
Silent village is called ... ".
In one of the halls of the Military Museum in Leningrad, now St. Petersburg, the picture of the artist is exhibited
THEM. Pennimshche, it captures a heroic feat of my heroine.

Matrion Semenovna Nechorchukova, was born on April 3, 1924 in the village of Volciy Yar of the Balacleevsky district of the Kharkiv region, in Ukraine. In a simple, peasant family. In 1941 he graduated from the Balacleevsky obstetric and nursing school and worked as a medical sister in the district hospital.
Working in the hospital and living in her village, Matrön Semenovna was in the territory occupied by the Germans. She immediately requests the military registration and enlistment office to send it to the operating army, but receives a refusal.
At that time she was not taken by age, but then she was only seventeen years old. With the onset of 1943, her dream was carried out - she was enrolled by a sanitary instructor in the medical platoon of the 100th Guards Regiment of the 35th Rifle Division.
The brave girl provided the help of more than 250 wounded soldiers and officers. Repeatedly handed over blood for the wounded fighters.
The first medical baptism occurred near Point Gzhibow, in the Polish Republic, where she had a medical care for twenty-six wounded. And a little later, there in Poland, in the city of Magnushev, she sentenced the officer from under the shelling and managed to send it to the rear.
For the courage and dedication to save the wounded, Matrön Semenovna was awarded the Order of the Fame of Three degrees.
Being the Sannaster of the 35th Guards Division, the 8th Guards Army, the 1st Belorussian Front, the Guard Sergeant Nechipchukova Matrun Semenovna in 1945, remaining with a group of wounded, which had more than twenty-seven people, and with several medical workers, reflected the attack of the Germans that came out of the environment. After the battle, she delivered all the wounded without one killed to the destination.

Dnipro Cool, how are you high!
You are steep, native, your defense,
Give a river to break through, the water drove,
Close from the enemy, so that he could not kill.
You, nights, dark, hide from shooting,
While the river will send all the rafts,
After all, the wounded many, all our fighters,
I ask, Toram No, the fighters save me ...

Save, save us, native river,
And the blood is enough for everyone - got drunk with interest,
Here is a young fighter under the wave.
He would still live, love to meet
Yes little kids he would swing
Fate f faded destined to die
And in the waves of Dnipro here find your death.

Dnipro Krokh, how are you high ...
Native, you are steep, please, protect
Give me a power to get together to go into battle,
Yes, to drive the enemy to us for all.

Noisy, Saint Dnieper waves are splashing,
How many fighters hit the river?!

In March 1945, in the battles in the south of Poland, near the city of Kustein, Matters Semenovna had a medical care for more than fifty wounded, including twenty seven seriously wounded. As part of the same rifle regiment, the 35th Guards Rifle Division, on the Ukrainian Front, Matrön Semenovna at the breakthrough of the enemy on the left bank of the Oder River and in the battles that were walking on the Berlin direction, sentenced seventy-eight wounded soldiers and officers from under the fire.
With her infantry, she, overcoming the Sprör River, that near the city of Fühursegwald and already, while herself was wounded, continued to provide medical care.
The German, who led the fire on her wounded colleagues, was killed by her. When she with her fighters reached Berlin, she remembered the entire inscription on the wall for his entire further life:
"Here it is, damned fascist country."
The Germans fought until the last breath, hiding in the basements, ruins, but they did not part up with their weapons and, if possible, were shooting.
I remembered Matrön and how early in the morning of May 9 declared Victory Day! And the battles were still walked, and there were a lot of wounded. Who was very hard, not asking, sent to the rear, and who was wounded easier, the commander, at their request, allowed to celebrate the Victory Day in Berlin. And only the tenth of May everyone was sent home. In the same place, she found her future husband, Viktor Stepanovich Nostdrachev, who fought in the same shelf with Matrey.
Until 1950, Matrön Semenovna lived with his family in Germany, and in 1950 they returned to their homeland and lived in the Stavropol Territory. Here she worked in the clinic.
In 1973, Matrion Semenovna Nechipchukov was awarded awards of the International Committee of the Red Cross - Florence Plantneyyl medal. This award was given representatives of the Red Cross in Geneva.
Matriot Semenovna, after the end of the war, was a public person, she tried to convey the whole truth and all the war of war to the younger generation.
Matters Semenovna died - March 22, 2017 (92 years) in the city of Stavropol.

Maria Timofeevna Kislyak, was born on March 6, 1925, in the village of Last, now one of the areas of the city of Kharkov, in the family of a peasant. After graduating from the seven, he entered the Kharkiv Feldsher-Okusher School. Then he worked as a nurse in the hospital.
When the enemy entered into Earth of Ukraine, she without thinking, organized in his village, with their comrades, the underground hospital, which after and led. In this hospital, she treated wounded fighters in the environment. As soon as they got better, friends, and sometimes she herself, they shifted them behind the front line.

Eyes opening - in front of me,
It looked at me funny ...
I groaned and whispered softly:
"Sorry, native, the city of the Germans passed ...".
She quietly touched me
And I told warm words:

Correct, and again go to battle. "

And the silicon from somewhere took
Cool the body, the soul on the battle rushed,
The enemy flew from my native country,
I remember the words cute nurse:
"Issue, my native, still return,
More than a lot of ways you will pass. "

In the days of occupation of the city of Kharkov, Maria Timofeevna Kislyak was actively fought with the enemy. She prepared and together with friends spread leaflets in their village, and also destroyed German officers. She saved more than forty wounded.
In 1942, Marychi's hospital, as her name was friends, left the last wounded. A group of young avengers, where Mary entered and operated until mid-1943.
According to the denunciation of one traitor, Maria was captured by the Gestapovians, as well as all her associates. Mary then only turned eighteen years. A month later, after painful torture, where she did not say a single word, her and her friends, executed in sight of villagers. Before the death of Mary managed to shout: "We die for their homeland! Comrades, kill the enemies, clean the ground from the viper. Remove for us! "
On May 8, 1965, Maria Timofeevna Kislyak was awarded the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union - posthumously.
The name of the hero of Maria Kislyak is called one of the streets of Kharkov.
The enemy came, he seemed everywhere,
And there is no rest on the Holy Land.
And blood flowed, because, day and night went fight,
And the young girl behind
led wound, exhausted fighters,
And hid at the forest, behind the river.
So that the enemy could not find, kill,
How will she live on earth then?

Marika Night often did not sleep,
Save tried every fighter.
Tried moans to drown
Who she contributed, introduced into his house.
From pity I wanted to swell,
I wanted to forget everything quickly,
But teeth, grieved, again she went,
Vel, dragged the fighter.

Zinaida Ivanovna Marezhev, was born in the village of Cherkasy Volsky district of the Saratov region in 1923, in the family of a peasant.
Zina's father worked as a shepherd in collective farm.
After the end of the seven, Zina entered the Feldsher-Okusher school, in the city of Volsk. But, not having time to finish her, as the war began. Father Zina from the first days of the war went to the front. She had to leave her studies and go to work at the factory. She repeatedly tried to get to the front, but all to no avail. Then, the young patriot entered the courses of the medical sisters of the Red Cross, after which, in 1942, went to the front as an instructor of a rifle company. This company was sent to Stalingrad. Here Zina showed himself a bold and brave fighter. Under enemy bullets, she dragged the meter for the meter of wounded into the shelter, or to the river, where they sent everyone to the river on the root, where it was safe, and immediately returned back, on the battlefield. Often Zina used any stick, a rifle of the wounded, any boards, branches, for the overlay of the tire, for a fixed bandage so that the hand or foot was still. And next to her there was always a flask with water. After all, the water was a saving sip for the wounded fighter. Any fighter at the front waited for a news from home: from relatives, loved ones, loved ones. And if possible, in moments of rest, everyone tried to write at least a few lines.
Zina always wrote home letters, reassured her mother and loved ones. The last letter from Zina her mother received her mother in 1942, where the daughter wrote: "Cute mommy, sister Shurochka, all close, relatives and acquaintances, I wish you all success in labor and study. Thank you, dear mommy, for letters that Nikolai writes, I am grateful to him. From the letter, I learned that you work without rest. How I understand you! We are now in defense, keep it tightly firmly. We move forward and liberating the city and villages. Wait back from me letters ... ".
But this letter turned out to be the last. For the salvation of the wounded on the battlefield, Zinaida Ivanovna was awarded the Order of the Red Star and the Medal "For Martial merit". In the battles for the Voronezh Front, it took about forty-wounded fighters and commanders from the battlefield.
On August 1, 1943, together with the landing, landed on the right bank of the northern Donette. Only for two bloody days she had the help of more than sixty injured and managed to send the Donets River to the left bank. Here Zina had to be particularly difficult, the enemy turned and threatened to go with the flank. Under the city of the bullets and shells of Zina did not stop tanging the fighters for a minute. She moved from one fighter to another. There was no strength, but she continued to do his work and still comforted every fighter, she tried to make a kind, gentle word in her mother. Tinging one fighter, Zina suddenly heard a muffled cry, it fell a wounded commander. Zina rushed to him, seeing that Fritz is aimed at him, she, without hesitation, ran up to the commander and covered it with his body.

Threatele the explosions here and there,
As if b zeus thundered here.
Sparkling zipper from heaven,
In all, he settled like a demon.

They shot everything and there, and here,
Stood unbearable hum.
Dragged the girl fighter,
Our native nurse.

And mines rushed, as it was called,
Now she was still
Alone thought sharpened the brain
"Yes, where, where is this bridge?

Where is Medic Bath? "
(He under the bridge, in the dugout bother).
She crawls, not to hide anywhere,
And whisper behind the back: "Water, sister",

She leaned to give water,
Ripped herbs sprig,
So that a drop of moisture would be removed
But ... "Earned".

She covered it with him,
Crazy bullet in VMIG squeezed ...

Comrades buried Zinok, as her affectionate fighters called, in the village Pyatnitsky Kursk region.
On February 22, 1944, Zinaida Ivanovna Mareza assigned the title Hero of the Soviet Union - posthumously.
In 1964, her name was named by the factory, where she began his career, she was enrolled forever in the lists of the workers of this enterprise.

Theodora Andreevna Pushin, was born on November 13, 1923 in the village of Tukmachi Yankur-Bodinsky district of the Udmury ASSR, in the family of the worker. According to the nationality of Fenia, as all of her name in childhood - was Ukrainian.
Fenia has always been a cheerful, brigay and cheerful girl.
Neighbors of her parents always said: "Oh! Well, the slipper you have a daughter, everywhere he has time, such a way will try. "
Girlfriends followed her without fear. Where the Fenia appeared, there was always fun. The boys were jealous, envy her for her courage, greasiness and for the fact that there were always many guys near her. But she was never afraid of boys, even if they wanted to heal in something. His mother, she helped in everything and was proud of her daughter, and other children. She often praised them, caressed and maintained in everything.
Children went over once in the forest. Fenia took her sisters and brother with him, and even invited to go with her children to her aunt Mary. Lent in the forest, and the forest is noise, swinging. They go further, listen to the rust of foliage, like birds sing and reached the glade. And there is such a beauty! The forest is noisy, the song sings his forest. The brother climbed into the tree, and the Fenia is even higher, and she began to swing, on the branch. She then seemed that she flies over the earth.
It swings, breaks the berries and throws down. "Catch ...", - shouts. The wind did not subside, and stronger and stronger swayed the branches. Suddenly, the branch collapsed, on which the Fenia was sitting, and she flown down with a loud. She woke up at home when the mother's voice heard:
"Eh, daughter, daughter, so, because, not long and without legs to stay. The boy you had to be born ... ".
But the Fenia quickly strengthened, having fun, her bricks shook again, and she again was in the circle of their friends.
In the school, Fenia studied well. Even parents were surprised:
"Doesn't the teachers speak so well about our fidget?"
After the end of the seven, in 1939, Fenia, who would not think that she did, entered the Feldsher school in Izhevsk. Probably, even then she decided when he fell from the cherry, which would be a physician. In the children's soul, it was originated by respect for people in white coats. Brother she wrote: "It's hard to learn, probably not to master, I will throw. I'll go home to my parents. "
Brother answered her: "In childhood, you were not so coward, really you will retreat?"
And the Fenia did not retreat, she still graduated from this school. Then he worked in the village of Feldsher.
When the war began, the Fenia tried to get to the front, but they did not all be taken, and only in April 1942 she was called to the draft board. She quickly gathered her suitcase and with his sister Anya headed to the station. They walked through ravines and meadows, feet wicked, sisterly juris a hair dryer:
"Why didn't you shoe boots?" And the Fenia answered: "I was not up to my boot, I was in a hurry to the draft board! Boots will still be bored. "
At the station they sat on the train and were in the evening in the city of Izhevsk. The anema called on the Army of the Sanitary Road. At Perrone Anya, hugging a hair dryer, saying goodbye to her, cried. The Fenia itself could not stand and the tears of the stream rolled down her cheeks.
The train helped the Feni far and far there, where fierce battles were walking. In August 1942, she was sent to the 520th Rifle Regiment of the 167th Ural Rifle Division by Military
Feldsher. In 1943, when winter was in the yard, in the battles at the village of Puzachi of the Kursk region, the Feno brought out of the enemy's fire more than fifty wounded, including his commander, immediately had the first medical care.
In the spring of the same year, she is awarded the Order of the Red Star.
There in the war, among the blood, dirt and the roar of Faina, as she was now called the colleagues, bright, warm feelings appeared for the first time, she fell in love. Love was born. One parenchy, also Sannaster. When he came to the regiment, the heart of Faina trembled from excitement and happiness. But the road separated them. He was sent to another military unit, and they no longer met.
Faina often recalled him and she said to her words: "Write, Faina. I never forget you. War will end, and we will be together. "
"How to know if we will see," she answered him.
"Well, why aren't you sure?" He was angry. Stay alive, I will find you. "
About his friend Fain shared only with his sister Anna, but also did not write his name. So this guy and remained unknown.
Served Fenia and in the 1st Ukrainian Front. In the last fall regiment, where she served, he was heavy fighting in Kiev. All the wounded were delivered to the suburb of Kiev in Svyatoshino.
Early in the morning, November 6, 1943, the enemy inflicted a bomb strike on the village. The building where the hospital was wounded, caught fire. Faina, along with the commander, rushed to save the wounded. From the fire, she made more than thirty serious fighters. When she returned again for last fighterThe building began to collapse. The commander made it out of the wreckage of the burnt house, but the Feno was very burned and injured. She died in his arms.

As you want to see again, I'll drop again,
See my sunshine, my cherry
On the grass run barefoot,
"Which" is covered with morning dew ...
Goodbye, Mamulka, Farewell, Father,
I love you, relatives. Oh, he was heavy!
He presses and squeezes my chest,
Sorry, lovely, I'm leaving you ...

On January 10, 1944, Lieutenant of the Medical Service Theodore Andreyevna Pushina was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union - posthumously.
They buried the hair dryer in the capital of Ukraine - the city-hero Kiev, at the Svyatoshinsky cemetery.
In the city of Izhevsk and in the village of Yakshur-misfortune, where the phenya once lived, in Udmurtia, monuments of heroin were installed. And also her name is called Izhevsk Medical College.

Irina Nikolaevna Levchenko, was born in the city of Kadiiwank Lugansk region, March 15, 1924, (now the city of Stakhanov), in the family of the employee. Irina's father worked as the head of Donugl, then headed Donetsk railways, and after he served as a departure of the communication paths. It was repressed.
Grandpa Irina was killed by the royal police for revolutionary views. When detention he was shot.
Her grandmother was the hero of two orders of the Red Star, was the Brigade Commissioner of the Chonganese Cavalry Division of the 1st Equestrian Army.
After graduating from the 9th grades of high school in the city of Artemovsk, Irina from the first days was at the front. At that time, thousands of young people burned only one dream - to get to the front.
Among this youth was Irina Levchenko, a seventeen-year-old girl. On the very first days of the war, she came to the Red Cross and asked for her task. She was taken to the service as a commander of the Sand-branch and indicated the post of observation. These were public baths. But Irina did not quite arrange these tasks, she still wanted more activity. She did not cease to dream to get to the front. There were fierce battles. She wanted to save the wounded.
In 1941, folk militia was created in Moscow, those who for some reason did not appear to the front of the army in these militia. In these militias were required by Sanners, Sandloves, Signs. Irina was sent to the Medical and Sanitary Battalion of the 149th Rifle Division, which arrived in July 1941 to the city of Kirov Smolensk region.
The Germans were just suitable for Smolensk and Roslavl. He began heavy, incessant battles. Day and night bombs, shells, bullets rushed without stopping. There were a lot, very much wounded. Here Irina received the first combat baptism. She saw neither scratches, as she had previously had to tie, and torn, open wounds. Directly on the battlefield, it provided first medical care. I tried to pull out and hide the wounded into the shelter.
Being surrounded, she evacuated more than 160 wounded cars.
After leaving the environment, Irina Nikolaevna knitted his service with tank troops.
In 1942, when the tanks came out into battle at the Kerch direction and went to the attack, at one of the tanks, hiding behind his armor, fled with a medical bag Sannaster Irina Levchenko.
When one of the tanks fell down by the Germans, she darted to this tank, quickly opening the hatch, began to pull out the wounded. Immediately, another tank caught fire, his crew managed to evacuate himself alone and hide in the hollow. Irina ran up to tankers and assisted those who needed it. In the battles behind Crimea, Irina Nikolaevna Levchenko pulled about thirty fighters from the flaming tanks, it was also injured herself and sent to the hospital.
Lyzha on a hospital bed in the hospital she came to become a tanker. After discharge from the hospital, Irina seeks admission to a tank school.
Studies time in the school flies quickly. And now she is on the front, and again in battle.
Initially, Irina Nikolaevna was a platoon commander, then the communication officer of the Tank Brigade. She finished war under Berlin.
For the exploits made by her during the war, she was awarded according to merit: three orders of the Red Star, and in 1965 she was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.
For salvation of the wounded on the battlefield, the International Committee of the Red Cross awarded her medal "Florence Nangel".
In addition, she was awarded medals:
"20 years of the Bulgarian People's Army" and "Fighter against Fascism."
After the end of the war, Irina Nikolaevna Levchenko graduated from the Academy of Armontic Forces in Moscow.
In the future, Irina Nikolaevna had a tendency, hobby, and then serious work - to write their memories.
It has been written a lot of works, they all were associated with memories of war.
Having passed the harsh school of war, the officer, the writer Irina Nikolaevna Levchenko with great love and warmth told in his works about the Soviet man who had to defend his homeland.
Its name is one of the quarters of the city of Lugansk. And at school, in Artyomovsk, where she studied, a memorial plaque was installed.
Memorial sign: "Here he lived here by the Hero of the Soviet Union, Lieutenant Colonel, writer Irina Nikolaevna Levchenko, installed on one of the facades of the house in Moscow.
Irina Nikolaevna Levchenko lived and died in the city of Moscow, January 18, 1973.

Heavy, oh, at the tank armor!
But Ira went to him only loving
And he called him: "relatively, cute",
Not equal, though there were their forces.

Nadezhda Viktorovna Troyan, born on October 24, 1921 in the Vitebsk region - Belarus. After the end of the decade, it enters the 1st Moscow Medical Institute, but soon, on family circumstances, she had to translate to Minsk.
The war caught Nadia in Belarus. From the first days of the war, she sought to get to the front.
During the explosions and shelling, when the enemy bombed the city, she tried to provide the first medical care to victims. Soon the city was occupied by the Germans. The youth began to be treated to Germany, Naid threatened the same fate, but she helped to establish a connection with the partisans.
After she successfully completed several tasks, she was taken to the partisan detachment. In this detachment, she was not only a physician, but also an excellent intelligence. In addition to providing medical care, she also collected information in the occupied city, prepared and put out leaflets, agitated reliable, proven people to join the partisan detachment. Nadia repeatedly participated in the operations on the explosion of bridges, in attacks on enemy calls, she also entered into battle with punitive detachments. In 1943, she receives a task from his leadership. The responsibility of this task was to penetrate the city, establish a connection with reliable people, in order to lead the sentence in performed over the Hitler's governor Wilhelm von Cuba. With the task of Nadia coped successfully. About this feat of the Soviet partisans was told and shown in the art film "The clock was stopped at midnight."
In the same year, she was called to Moscow and awarded the Gold Star Hero of the Soviet Union and Order of Lenin, for courage and heroism, manifested in the fight against the occupiers.
After, Nadia continued his studies in the 1st Moscow Medical Institute, which graduated in 1947, becoming a surgeon. After graduating from the university Troyan, Nadezhda Viktorovna worked at the USSR Ministry of Health.
She was a member of the Presidium of the Committee of War Veterans, the Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Union of the Red Cross Society and the Red Crescent of the USSR. Several thousand nurses and sisters studied, without separation from production, in schools, in courses, in San Druzhinakh, in the societies of the Red Cross and Red Crescent. In such schools, they received initial learning to apply the first medical care.
Already in 1955, more than 19 million people were members of these communities.
Nadezhda Viktorovna - Candidate of Medical Sciences. She was the opposite of the Department of the 1st Moscow Medical Institute. Was awarded the orders of the Labor Red Banner, the Order of the Patriotic War I-th degree, the Order of the Red Star, the Order of Friendship of Peoples.

A rustier is heard in the forest. - "Who goes?"
- "This is yours!" - Alien will not pass.
Partisan looks around in the forest,
He prepares a squad to fight.
Explosions everywhere in the enemy's rear,
"PARTIZAN! - He reached here! "
There is no live of the enemy in the rear,
He loses his "his" in battle.

"In vain, you came here to fight here,
In vain came to burn everything, kill,
Here the peoples are not subject to you,
And the works are all yours in vain.
You won't go far - you will fall,
Come agree here, you still disappear,
In vain came to the Holy Rus,
Bay enemy, partisans - do not rub! "

Silence around, forest noise,
Partisan it will fit him
The enemy is defeated, it runs to reverse,
"It is necessary, the enemy, your place to know."

Maria Zakharovna Shcherbachenko, was born in 1922, in the village of Efremovka Kharkiv region. When she was ten years old, she lost her parents.
After graduating from the sevenlet in 1936, Maria went, to work in the collective farm, first the ordinary collective farmer, and then it becomes an accountant in the same collective farm.
When the war began, Maria began to ask the front.
She did it very often, but to no avail.
June 23, 1943, she voluntarily goes to the front. There enters the ranks of the Soviet army, as a nurse.
To overcome the fear of bomb blasts and endless shooting, before the blood and death of their fighters, she inspired some words each time: "I can do everything, I'm not afraid ...".
She considered: "If my comrades, with whom I serve carry these difficulties, then I can overcome these difficulties."
And she soon managed to step over the fear and go on a par with male fighters to the forefront with a sanitary bag.
"The position of Sanitar on the front," said Maria Zakharovna Shcherbachenko, is heavier sometimes than a fighter. The fighter leads a fight from the trench, and Sanitation or Sanitark has to go from one trench to another under bullets and under the explosions of shells ... "
The rights were Maria Zakharovna. After all, any nurse, hearing moans, shouts about the help of the wounded fighters, sought how to quickly come to his aid.
On the first week, Maria had a medical care and made several dozen wounded from the battlefield. For this brave feat, she was awarded the medal "for courage."
With a small group of charming machine gunners, Maria participated in the landing of the bridgehead on the right bank of the Dnieper.
Above the Dnieper hung rainy night. Rarely heard shots. The wave splashing, beating about the shore, was heard. Cold wind penetrated a thin chinel girl through. She trembled a little, not from the cold, not that from fear, although the fear she has already learned to overcome.
Fifteen people were divided into two boats and swam. In the first boat sailed and Maria. We fell up to the middle of the Dnieper, enemy lanterns lit up, the spotlights were peeling the whole surface of the river. And then the shooting began, mines began to explode, at the beginning, somewhere far away, and then very close. But the boats continued to move forward. Suddenly for everyone, the boat, which went ahead, was stranded. Fighters quickly jumped out of it, right in ice water and fled to the shore in the water. Maria rushed to run behind them.
Again, as if by someone's team, the searchlights sparkled again and hit the guns, the machine guns were shrinking. But, now and the second boat crashed into the coast, the fighters jumped out the bullet from her and rushed to catch up in front of the fizz fighters. Having reached the slope, having risen on his up, the fighters occupied the defense. They beat off shells flying on them.
By morning, another 17 fighters from the same company arrived. The bridgehead turned out to be more than thirty fighters, as many automata, five machine guns, several armor-piercing guns. This handful of people discouraged eight violent enemy attacks. The opponent airplanes circled over the Dnieper, they dumped bombs without a break and fired from machine guns. Reinforcements were not. At the end there were already ammunition, a lot was wounded. Maria tried as soon as he could. She rushed from one wounded to another. On a small plot of land, a small handful of fighters fought to the last cartridge.
Sitting in the trenches, they left the rest of the attack with the remaining grenades german tanks. Finally came long-awaited help. Throughout the right bank of the Dnieper, breaking through the defense of the enemy, our troops were transported at night and day by boats, on the rafts, on the barges and pontoons, on what could be saved. Above they were covered by the aviation of the Red Army.

Noisy, drain the waves of the Dnieper,
Save, save us, river,
Enough blood, got drunk with interest,
Again the fighter is young under the wave.
He would still love to live
On the hands of babies small wearing,
But fate - fatal destined,
Poule here to get, as it has called.

Soon began crossing the bridge. Maria tirelessly tied to the wounded, he poured them with water and attributed to the shelter, where she evacuated at night across the river in the rear.
In 1943, Mary, and her comrades holding a bridgehead, a decree of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, a title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded, with the presentation of the "Golden Star" medal, and the Order of Lenin was presented. For ten days, Mary brought over a bridgehead from the battlefield of more than one hundred serious fighters and officers. And at night then organized their shipment to the other side of the Dnieper.
After the end of the war, Maria graduated from legal school and worked as a lawyer in Kharkov, then she moved to the city of Kiev.
In his city, she always led an active public work on the patriotic education of young people.

These gentle hands binting me
"My dear, my native" - \u200b\u200bI was called
From the flask drops the last one gave me,
Then everything was poured, but we saved us.
From the trench in the trench you, sister, fled,
Dirt stuck to the sheel, it was visible tired,
But, leaning toward the fighter, and sometimes it is necessary for me
Often heard the words: "Be patient, dear."

Galina Konstantinovna Petrova, was born in the city of Nikolaev - Ukraine, September 9, 1920.
After graduating from school in 1940 on "excellent," Galya enters the Novo Cherkasy Engineering and Meliorative Institute, at the Faculty of Forestry. But she did not have time to finish it. After studying only a year - war began. Galina enters the medical courses of the nurses of the Red Cross in the city of Krasnodar, and after it works by the sanitary instructor of the batch of marines.
Since 1942, it is already at the front and immediately participates in the sea desonte to seize the bridgehead at the Kerch Peninsula.
When the battalion landed, then on the right flank infantry trains blocked the barbed wire, and then there was a minefield. The whole group lay down. Galina Konstantinovna was then the main elder. She suddenly rushed, without any fear, forward, feeding an example with his comrades. The whole company followed Galina step by step, and everything was safely reached the place. The Germans did not wait for the landing group, and rushed to run through a minefield.
Thirty-five days, under the unnecessary enemy fire, Galina Konstantinovna selflessly provided medical care paratroopers. She sentenced more than twenty-grained fighters from the battlefield. In this battle, Galina Petrov got a heavy wound.
The paratroopers - the infantrymen delivered their own, as they gently called her, Galkonka, in Medsanbat, which was located in the school building.
The enemy continued a continuous flare and applied air bible. In one of these nails, the enemy aviation bomb destroyed the building where Medsanbat was located. A large number of wounded died, and Petrov Galina Konstantinovna was among them.
Comrades buried their Gali in the village of Gerovsk, who used to be called Elygen.
On November 17, 1943, Galina Konstantinov was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union - posthumously.
Her name is forever entered in the lists of one of the parts of the navy.
In the city - a hero of Kerch brave nurse was set by a monument. And in the city of Nikolaev, where Galina was born, on the street, named after her honor, a memorial plaque was opened.

"Attack! - Forward! - We all need to run, -
In the trench of the premiece was near the soldiers:
There, the minefield - we can not ... ", -
He told her quietly, looking into his eyes.

There is a trail to find, so that the reconnaissance go,
And Galya lean his own herself.
Cepete, nevertheless, the trail was squeezed:
"On her, I will lead to the fighters of all ...".

The detachment was led, as if a smart cat.
Once it brightened so much in the window,
When he returned from a walk home.
Now the fighters of all led.

Earth was silent, and even silently enemy,
And the knock boots was only heard in the ears.
She "flew", soldiers were rushed,
(Sailors passed quietly behind her).

And the enemy did not think, the landing, which would come,
And so imperceptibly strikes.
From bed grabbed, and run,
And mines, instructed that, - began to blow up.

I will open the picture this now:
Flag the enemy with fright through a minefield.
"You should not come here to come here
And we have a terrible slaughter. "

"Where is our galcoon? - not visible her
Didn't the enemy attacked it?
Galyuny! Galkonok! - answer us now
Do you hear how my heart beat with us? "

Here is a bush wormwood that miles in hand,
And Galya, the native, lies in silence!
Flowing, blood flower, out of the wound, in the chest.
"Galina! Galkonok! Though the word tell ... "

Bent and raised her body,
"We swear we all revenge for her ..."

And the bush wormwood is worth it,
Only the Kerch wind moves him.
Fighters remember that day that fight,
Where with Galya broke out, with a native nurse.

Ksenia Semenovna Konstantinova, was born in the village of dry Lubna, Tambov province (now - Lipetsk district, Lipetsk region), April 18, 1925, in the family of a peasant. The Seven-year-old school of Ksenia graduated with honors and went to study at the Feldsher-Okusher school in the city of Lipetsk. After the end of this school, Ksenia worked as a duty area of \u200b\u200bthe department. When the war began, then Ksenia tried twice to go to the front, but Railoenkomat was impregnable: "Also too young!" - he told the military commark. In 1943, she still managed to go to the front voluntarily.
Early in the morning of February, when her close was still sleeping, Ksenia, taking the nodule, left the house.
Only a few days later, the relatives received from her, where she wrote: "Sorry I, Mom, otherwise I could not do ..."
Ksenia falls in the 204th Rifle Division.
After graduating short-term courses of the Sannaster, it is credited to the 3rd battalion of the 730th rifle regiment.
Summer of the same year was hot, both in direct and figurative sense. Parts of the division fought under Kurk.
The part where Ksenia served was in the direction of the main strike of enemy troops. The division day and night has undergone mass shelling, both from air and tank attacks. Ksenia endured the wounded from the battlefield, provided them with first medical care and immediately returned to the forefront.
The fighters of the Division reflected the attack for the attack of the enemy, and then rose themselves in the counterattack. Near them, Bezhal and Ksenia.
After one of the same attacks, Ksenia was already in the hospital in Tula, as she was told: next to her broke up.

From memories of a military doctor:
"Once in the office of the chief of the hospital, a low growth was entered, delicate, with a pale, boyish face, girl.
The clothes on it are not hung. The old, hospital robe was more than three sizes. The legs were laid in the sneakers in which she was drowning. I did not have time to say anything else, as the boss asked her:
"How sampling, patient? Why did you come? "
"I do not agree with the attending physician," the beginning began.
The girl suddenly dreamed and even approached the table, followed by the boss.
"And what are you unhappy with them, how is your name?" - Repeated the boss again.
"Yes, I disagree," she broke his conversation. And the surname is my Konstantinova. "
"AAAA! - stretched the head immediately. So Konstantinova, the one with the Kursk arc delivered, with contusion and injury? "
"Yes, that same," the girl replied boldly.
"Well, what are you unhappy, what did not please you the attending physician?" - Repeated the issue of the chief again.
"Because your attending physician ... -" Not ours, and yours, "- interrupted her boss. - What is the difference, well, my attending physician claims that I supposedly should stay in the rear. And I want to the front, and only in my part. I'm completely healthy! "
"Honey, - Laskovo began the boss. You are so thin, pale, and even weak after the injury, where are you on the front? Yes, and on the Kursk arc for a long time, everything is over: the Germans run, where will you search for your "own"? "
"I know where I look for them. I am well! - The girl stubbornly stubborn. "And I will not leave you until you write me to the front and indicate in the discharge:" goes to such a part, that is, in my part. "
The boss laughed.
"Well, the stubborn you," he began. "Well, I will ask your attending physician to go to meet you."
This was our Konstantinov Ksenia Semenovna, my character heroine. She returned all the same again to the front.
Her front-line friends were already fighting under Smolensk.
Fights walked such fierce that some settlements went to the enemy, then our troops were again dismissed, it happened to the day several times.
Going to the city of Vitebsk, before that, all night the unit went to the settlement, only at sunrise, near the village of Uzgorok, which is under Vitebsk, they entered into battle.
Forces were unequal. The opponent twice was superior to the division, which after the night march-throw was already exhausted from the sleepless night. Large losses. Ksenia did not have time to get wounded from the battlefield. Suddenly, she learns that the battalion commander was injured. She immediately, without hesitation, runs to his aid.
When she found him, he was already in severe condition. He was necessary to urgently deliver to the medical center. And she decides to do it herself. At first, he was somehow walking, then she had already dragged him almost on himself, since he all weakened and weakened. When she somehow dotted him to the medical club, they were amazed there with its strength and courage. But Ksenia, without making even a breather, immediately tagged back. She was given a wagon so that she brought the rest of the wounded, and did not drag on themselves.
Now she impatiently chased the cat, shook at her:
"Well, faster, faster," and herself listened to battle, which was heard from afar. Where she returned, fierce fights went, and the fighters now needed her help.
The cart shaved on Ughab. Ksenia did not notice the shaking, her nerves were now at the limit. The sun was sake. The wind cheerfully tired. "As beautiful here!" She thought, looking around.
Standing beautiful autumn paints. Poutine has hung on high grass, which framed a country road for which Ksenia was driving. Now she remembered her Ryazan expanses, autumn in those edges. And the verses of A.S. Pushkin came to mind: " Sad time! Ocho charming! ... "
She mentally read the poem. Having stopped at the half-word, she began to quickly drive the riding. Having arrived at the destination, it was already waiting for serious patients there. Jumping with a wagon, she began to have all the wounded in it. Furiously helped her put on the floor of the hardworthy. There was not enough places, she regretted it. Suddenly, explosions and automatic queues rang out. Ksenia saw that with a hill, not far from them, a large group of Fritz was descended. Now she thought only about one thing: "I need to save the wounded." Grabbing the machine, someone left by the road, she rushed towards the enemy. The Germans saw a cart with wounded, but, nevertheless, they did not stop shooting and approached everything closer and closer.
Ksenia, the first queue struck several fascists, others at this time fell into the grass and attached. She shouted to the enemy for a long time, but the forces were unequal. Ksenia was injured in the head, lost consciousness and captured. In captivity, she was tortured daily, but having achieved nothing, shot.
On June 4, 1944, Ksenia Semenovna Konstantinova was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union, the "Golden Star", as well as the Order of Lenin - posthumously. In the city of Lipetsk, a memorial stove is installed, in memory of the heroine, and the club is renamed Square Konstantinova.
In the Smolensk region stands Obelisk, where it is resting in the fraternal grave of Konstantinova Ksenia Semenovna.

Obeliski around - the ground they are covered,
They everywhere, everywhere - the earth blood of polita.
Every year they give veterans to them honor,
There under Stone - Comrade. All of them here and not read!
Everyone asks forgivers that he is not here he,
Remember friends - those who walked with them into battle.
Years have passed, with the bloody war,
Only wounds are disturbing, and and terrible dreams.
Remember the attack, as shouted: "Hurray!"
And under the tanks rushed, not sparing the abdomen;
As a fighter from the fire removed the nurse,
Pulling by bullet, substituting himself.

Obeliski "screaming", as if they beat everything in Nabat:
"I remember everyone named, remember the fallen soldiers!
Who gave us life and savage the father's house,
"You forgive us, soldier, that so early left!

Vera Sergeyevna Kashcheyev, born in the village of Petrovka Altai Territory on September 15, 1922, in the family of a peasant.
After the end of the sevenletics in 1941, her family moves to the city of Barnaul. Faith goes to work on a melange plant, which was the largest in Siberia at that time. Here it enters the evening courses of nurses. But, without finishing them, war began. The faith suggested, like other girls, go to learn from the courses of the nurses of the Red Cross. After graduating from these courses, it works for about a year for about a year at the hospital, where the day and night came, wounded from the battlefield. But the faith wanted to the front, she believed that here, in the rear, will be able to work in hospitals and care for wounded and older people, and young people should now be there, on the front line. And the faith still seeks her, it leaves in 1942 to the front.
She is enrolled in the famous Siberian division of the 62nd Army under the leadership of General Chuikov. Soon, this division will already stand at the walls of Stalingrad and will go down in history, thanks to the unparalleled heroism of his fighters.
Division, under the leadership of Colonel Gurieva, took defense at the Red October factory. The enemy has come and occurred. The division was held back on the enemy, which was superior several times. About twenty hours without a break, the fascists bombed the plant, where Soviet soldiers were hidden. The fierce battle lasted a few days, twenty attacks on the day were chosen by the division fighters. Among these fighters were Vera Kashcheev.
Medpunkt was located in the dilapidated Marten Plant furnace. The wounded there were kept to darkness, and then they were shipped through the Volga. The advanced was located a few hundred meters from this furnace, but to reach it, with the wounded, it was necessary to leather through huge funnels, bombs and machine guns, it was already a feat. In such an hell, Vera has not slept for several days. She was like a manual car that lost the time account. Day and night, night and day were some fights and wounded, wounded, wounded. Sometimes she had to take a car and shoot on the enemy himself. Here it was not only a sannistant, but also a scout, and connected. Martial comrades faith affectionately called: "Our faith". Many fighters have been obliged to faith their life.
The first award "For the courage" faith received in battles for Stalingrad. And when the grouping of German troops was defeated and got into the surroundings, and the columns of the prisoners of the fascists were shifted on the way, she was awarded the Order of the Red Star. In addition, she spoiled the guards icon on her chest.
All Siberian divisions were assigned the title "Guards". In these battles, faith harden herself, she became rushing and acquired frontal skill.
The victim defeat on the Kursk Arc in 1943, the Nazis built a powerful defense on the shores of the Dnieper. Guards Siberian Division, where he continued to fight the Vera Kaskoyev, arrived among the first 25 paratroopers in October 1943 and forced the Dnieper. Having discovered by sending fighters, the Germans fell on the river a squall of fire. A boat was broken, at which, together with the fighters sailed faith, this boat went to the bottom. People all turned out to be in ice water. When you got to the coast, there are only twenty people left, and then they face the face to face, who were sitting on the banks in the trenches.
Guardsmen in a matter of minutes, they walked around, though it took half of the water, and they immediately opened fire on the enemy. Even wounded did not produce weapons. In the evening, from twenty people there are only five left, three of them are wounded, including wounded and faith. But they still were able to capture the German trenches.
To overlapping the reinforcement approach, the Germans began enhanced river shelling from heavy guns.
It was impossible to break through to the help of a handful of people who have secured on the block of land. In order to find out the coordinates of the German batteries, the wounded faith was injured in intelligence, and after two hours she reported on the firing means of the enemy.
Being wounded, she remained in battle.
A minor handful of people continued to hold the land plot. In the day, the city of Dnepropetrovsk was taken, and Vera was sent to the hospital.
In his division, she got only in 1944, when her companions were driven by Germans from the Earth of Ukraine.
On February 22, 1944, for dedication and mercy on the battlefield, the brave Saninaster of Vera Sergeyevna Kascheva was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union with the presentation of the "Golden Star" and the Order of Lenin.
She finished his front-line Waith Way in Berlin.
Vera Sergeyevna lived after the war in his city Barnaul and worked as a nurse in a children's clinic.
In 1953, she moved to the city of Vira, the Jewish Autonomous District, where he worked until 1973 by the head of children's nurseries. She took an active part in the public life of the city, and the whole country. In the same one, in 1973, she was awarded a reward of the International Committee of the Red Cross Medal "Florence NamentNeill".
The last years of the life of Vera Sergeyevna lived in the Krasnodar Territory, working as a paramedic at the factory medical center.
She was ridiculous. She died in a car accident in 1975.
Obelisk is installed on her grave as a hero.
Its name is one of the streets in the city of Barnaul.

What women do we have?!
Kohl, need, husband in a difficult hour
Support, it is necessary to stop the horse,

They are beautiful and prepared!
And with his own guy,
They will fight, it is necessary, since, with the enemy,
They do not bother
They are ready to fight,
To defend your country,
And protect your family.

Lyudmila Stepanovna Kravets, born on February 7, 1923 in the Zaporizhia region.
The year, after the birth of Luda was marked by the Holodomor.
It raged this hunger not only in Ukraine, but also in Kazakhstan, in the Volga region and in other areas of the "then" Soviet Union.
Like other peers, she is starving. At that time she was still a small child.
Surname Kravets in translation means tailor. Everyone and suggested by People this profession, but when she graduated from school, at that time the cold blow of war was already felt, she went, study at the school of medical sisters.
After graduation, she dreams of learning further, but prevented the war.
When the enemy was already on the territory of Ukraine, Luda repeatedly wrote a report so that she was sent to the front.
From the first days of the war, she already worked in a single evacuation hospital and did not stop asking for the front. But she told her:
"Well, where to send you to the front? You even look at the mirror: Little, Slim, do you really make the wounded from the battlefield? "
But in this fragile, a little woman lived a fighting character. She continued to write a report and begged his privacy to sign a statement. I asked him to write a petition to be sent to the front. In the end, she still achieved his own.
In July 1941, Lyudmila Kravets went as the Sannaster of the Rifle Unit to the Front.
She was on the North-West Front. When they saw such a small, a slight girl of the Sannaster, then only could she offer her and define her in the evacuation hospital, the same, in which she used to work before, could not offer her anything else, only now she had to begone another warrigation and walk for him on his heels So that he sent it to the forefront. But everyone was inexorab.
It does not mean that Luda only knew, sitting somewhere in a warm place, ask and wait for the shipment to the forefront, she was almost that did not leave the operating room and the day, and the night helped surgeons, standing with them from the wounded fighter. This she wanted to all provove that she had the strength, and he had enough health.
More mature naspers complained about it: "What are you, two-housing?" But everything was useless. She stood on her. As a result, she achieves his. Although it was a pity to part with a hardworking and a conscientious nurse, but to encourage her, the boss still gives her good. Moreover, she knew German perfectly.
Once she was given by a leaflet written on german language, gave the hands of the Rouger, who was not from the lungs and said:
"You see a minefield, and is it worth a bus station? If you get rolled from here directly to him, that is, the probability that you can run down by Ma, but be careful, and next to him there is a small tip, they will sit there and you will read what is written on paper. "
She simply could not refuse such an order. But also to get to this bustle, meant to die. After all, any, not exact movements to the side - this is death. But Luda coped with the task on "excellent." She got to the trench and began to shout in German in the mouthpiece: "Hitler Caput!"
Then she seemed to her that she screamed unclearly, quietly. Maybe from excitement, maybe from fatigue and nervous overvoltageWhen here crawled, but it turned out that the next day about thirty Germans were taken prisoner, and this was only the beginning of the war - 1942.
Then went like oil. She turned out to be in the crowd of terrible events, as if the guardian angel was protected. She pulled out wounded from the battlefield, right from under bullets. But, however, there were such cases when the wounded covered people with their body when they saw that she was threatened with a mortal danger.
Once she was still hard wounded. The bullets treated her two hips and while she was taken to the hospital to the east, Luda began a gas gangrene of two legs. When the surgeon examined her at the hospital, he said shortly: "We will cut!" But another surgeon, more experienced, said:
"Let's give her a chance, quite another child."
And, taking a chemical pencil, he drawn the line on the hips in Lyudmila. And then said: "If this infection throws this barrier that I said, then we will cut."
The probable power of the Spirit of this Gaunt, as her name was comrades, was so great that, as if scared of something, Gangrena did not move further.
Finally saw a long-awaited smile on the face of Luda, a smile of happiness, and heard words: "I still have a station."
Then there were painful days and weeks of recovery, where she had to learn to go. The legs were seemed to be her relatives, but they were not her. They brought her painful pain. But overcoming this pain, squeezing teeth up to a crossed, she dared every day and did steps more.
But then the news came that her commission, due to severe injury. This news tormented her soul more than pain in the legs.
"How so? War goes, I still need there, I just got to the front ... "These thoughts did not give her peace. And then she was remembered, she was the same promise: "I still have a lot of gypsy with exit."
No one was suspected then how many flour and work was worth this gypsy. But after that dance, she was a chance, to be on the front.
At this time, she is awarded to the medal "for the courage." As a nurse she understood that in order for her painful scars to resolve, as they say, "sinking", she needs to get to the front, in the acting part, in the rifle company. There, the nervous system will be at the limit, the pain will then be so sensitive. And she returns after all to the front. And again, it takes one by the battlefield of one after another wounded. Many fighters admired her courage and offered their own hand and heart. But only one of them will contact her fate, it will be her colleague of Volodya Lavitels.
When the company approached Berlin, then the commander was seriously injured in one of the attacks. Luda, who was a parlor, assumed command. Shooting: "For me guys!" - The first rose into battle. With a cry: "Hooray!" - The fighters rushed into battle and the settlement was taken. And right there, on the outskirts of Berlin, she was wounded twice, but did not leave the battlefield. After the third injury, already on the streets of Berlin, she was taken to the hospital.
23-year-old Lyudmila Kravets for the courage and courage, for courage awarded the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union, with the presentation of the Golden Star and the Order of Lenin, but Lyuda learned about this award, lying in the hospital.
May 31, 1945 she was wounded for the fifth time.
Awarded Lyudmila Stepanovna Kravets was still three orders of the Red Star, the Order of the Patriotic War of the I degree and other medals for courage.
Nice, small "skills"
How many times have you saved?!
On your chest shine
All almost that the Order!
Pain and death, overcome,
Proud to glory you came
Behind him leaving
Only glorious things.

Maria Savelievna Shkarklova, was born in the village of Kislovka Kharkiv region, February 3, 1925.
After graduating from seven classes in 1940, I went to work on railway, after worked in the collective farm.
When the war began, Mary was only seventeen years old.
The father went to the front, and she and her mother and with her younger brother tried to go deep into the country, but the Germans blunt them on the road, they had to go back to their village. Maria repeatedly tried to get to the front, but unsuccessfully.
After completing the courses of sanitary instructors in 1943, she still hits the front and takes part in the liberation of Ukraine, Belarus, Poland from the hated enemy.
In the shelf, where Mary Shkarkletov served, or, as her gentlely called Masha, newcomers sometimes were surprised: "And why should she have so many privileges and so much attention? That is asked the fighters of the cook to give her without a queue, and even pour to pour off, and then put more meat, but they strive to incur be for her ... ". Anyone tried to provide her any help. They spoke to her always tactfully, politely and affectionately. And if someone says, it happened, the rude word with her, and not God forbid it, then this will immediately adordinate, or even go where it is necessary. "And what about it? - thought recruits. Well, smoky, Belolitsky, well, big brown eyes. Yes, how many such beauties will meet when you go across Ukraine. In each village there is such a beauty. " But when it was closed closer, it was clear that under a gray, ordinary soldier coin, which was tied to the belt, in the Kizzy boots and in the hatch-Ushanka, hid a Milovoid maiden face framed by fluffy red hair. Behind the back, which, except for the machine,, like all the fighters, was also hung and a complete sanitary bag, highlighted by its Red Cross. Masha was already veteran, at the front she since 1943. She arrived in the 170th Guards Rifle Regiment after the courses of sanitary instructors. With this regiment, she passed all his battle way. With all his fellow soldiers, she also forced the Dnieper River, the Dniester River, the South Bug, Vistula and other rivers, while everywhere, leading heavy battles, and saving the wounded on the battlefield. At the nineteen years, Masha is already, causing a powder coil, a heavy, exhausting battle took place.
It was already in 1944 for 1944, the victory was approaching, the Nazis became all the evil and fierce. The regiment, where Mary served, went out exactly at midnight pine Boru., on the eastern shore of Vistula. The fascists, as they then seemed to be well strengthened on the Vistula and shot all the types of weapons. Fighters, tired during the transition, got on vacation, who where.
"The fires do not ignite, the songs do not sing, to rest all!" - heard the command voice of the road.
Maria hated fascists: "How many misfortunes they brought with them! Who asked them to come to us? "
She dreamed of acting after he would work for a year, in a medical technical school. But here the war. In the village, where she returned with his mother and brother, after an unsuccessful trip, the Germans had already ruled and their halters - policemen.
She remembered well how everyone heard someone else's speech was heard, but, looking out the window, somehow, saw that the naked Germans run around the well, pouring into water. She remembered the same way as everything was aged in the yard once, and then suddenly a familiar his own speech was heard: "Here, here!" "Are our? - thought Maria and ran to the street into the courtyard. A fellow villagers ran around the courtyard, which last year was called into the army, but already in her home clothes and shouted:
"Here they are! Shoot! They are both communists. Give an automatic, I am a pable yourself. " Maria immediately realized that her neighbor is an assistant.
The Germans opened fire and, like two conceded wood, fell Chairman of the collective farm and Chairman of the village council.
Soon, when Soviet troops entered the village, then she did not see this traitor, he killed him, or ran to the Germans, she did not know.
And here, soon her family found out that their husband was killed, father. After all this, Masha decided that she finally came and her turn to go to the front, to take revenge on her father, for the whole crowded people.
Little, a delicate girl endured on himself, from the battlefield, on his fragile back and on his shoulders of serious fighters.
Once it was such a case: Sveta, the sun rose above the pines, but immediately suddenly the clouds were picked up, it came again. Maria has already been injured on themselves, to boats standing on the shore, more than twenty serious fighters. Further, the rowers had to translate them to another bank of the river.
Throwing: "I'll look at other trenches, I will send a neighbor ..." - Round there. She quickly fled, along the trench, and went to his neighbors to help them, as he heard: "Sister, sister ...". She looked around, a young, very pale German looked at her amazement. He lay on the sheel, probably could somehow remove her himself, hung her hand lifelessly, he did not ask for help, but only knocking her teeth, whispered softly: "Sister ... Hitler Caput ...".
"Of course, the capture," Maria parried him. "You will be drowned if you resist."
And then, coming to the German, said: "Well, where is your wound? Let's give up. Are you trembling, frozen? "
Touching, she dragged him to the boat. Seeing her with the Germans, the rowers who had to cross the wounded on the other side were surprised and rushed to Masha a questioning look.
"Well, what do you watch? - did not let them say the words of Maria. - Carry, carry it, we are not monsters as they, but people ... ".
In this battle, she still made more than fifty serious and just wounded fighters. Everyone was surprised: "Where does it have such power to take!" She sometimes crawled out to the wounded and his little, who had already had been hardened with her hands, tearned clothes on it, talking to the wound to be reconciled, and if it was not possible to do this, then teeth tear it on it, and then, having stuck it, dragged him into a secluded place, Where at night helped ship to send to the other side of the river. And the battle went, there were explosions everywhere. From the roar, blood, from the monstrous spectacle, her heart was already outlined, she did everything as the machine, having lost the time account. In Gary, under the ruptures of bombs, shells, between the funnels, with a sanitary bag, it was rushing from one wounded to another, bandaging them, immediately drained into any funnel, or in a safe place.
In 1945, for manifested heroism, for participating in the landing for the seizure of a springboard on the West Bank of the Vistula River, for the courage and perseverance in these battles and the provision of more than one hundred wounded, Maria Savelyevna Shkarletova was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union with a sentence of the Order of Lenin and the Golden Star . She was also a cavalier of the Red Star Order. Was awarded a medal "For the liberation of Warsaw", the medal "For the capture of Berlin", the medal "For the victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War in 1941-1945".
And in 1965, for a dedication, for conscientious work in the name of the health of people in peacetime, she was awarded the award from the Florence of the Florence of the Florence Committee.
After demobilization, Maria Savelievna, in 1949, graduating from a medical school, worked as a medical sister in the district center of the Kharkiv region. He participated in the restoration of the destroyed farm.
Maria Savelievna Shkarletova was died on November 2, 2003.

Cute little sister, help ... "
She hears the voice behind.
Forces, it seemed to take?
But she gets up, runs again ...
Moans are distributed there and here
Germans go all go, go, go ...
Gare and soot, blood around it,
Maiden beautiful face
Only with a smile looks at the fighter,
As if B is made of steel and lead,
As if there is no battle, she is in silence,
As if it was not at all, now, war.
The forces of God gave her all
Even Satan and that lagged
He did not touch the virgin, the angel defended,
Satan himself beat off her,
Guarded it and did not fall asleep
Daughter lived to the mother returned.

Maria Nikitichna Tsukanova, was born on September 14, 1924 in the village of Novonikolaevka, Omsk region.
Riselized Masha Mother and stepfather. Masha's native father did not remember and did not know since he died before her birth.
Initially, they lived in a taiga, and Masha loved these taiga places, where, and she often went to collect mushrooms, berries with his mother, and especially loved when he had shot down cedar cones. He peelled them, and Masha chose the biggest bumps, they were very beautiful, and shook them before the new year. Then they hang them on the tree. The Christmas tree always brought the lot and real.
Sitting often with her on some, found by them Polyan, stepfather told the girl very interesting stories, as she seemed then. Stephip was the Bolshevik, a participant in battle with the White Guards. He told about Chapaev, Lazo and other famous heroes of the Civil War.
These stories affected the formation of a machine.
Masha graduated from seven classes in the village of Ordzhonikidzevsky, Krasnoyarsk Territory in 1941. After studying, it was settled to work as a telephone. But here I sailed. In the same year, a military hospital is located in their village. It was evacuated by the wounded from Rostov. Masha worked in the afternoon, and in the evenings he ran to the hospital to the wounded, helped sanitation. Train compositions moved from west to east day and night. They were brought by evacuated people from the West, equipment was taken, evacuated factories and plants. It was impossible to leave a grain grain or ton of coal. Brought and wounded.
When the hospital was transferred to another place, and their family moved to the city of Irkutsk, Masha got a job to work at the plant, where they made a weapon for the front, at the same time she studied at the medical sisters courses.
Stepfather with the brother Masha left to the front, and soon the mother received a notice of the death of his son, Masha brother.
After graduating from medical courses, in 1942, it voluntarily goes to the front and enters a separate marine patrol battalion of the Pacific Fleet, where he served as a sinstarrode for three years.
When military operations began with Japan, the Soviet troops were fighting in Manchuria.
The 335th Battalion of the Marine Infantry, where Maria Tsukanova served, was ordered to land on the territory of the enemy and seize the bridgehead.
Sailors - paratroopers, among them there were Masha, landed on Earth Korea. Fight battle. Masha skillfully, quickly bandaged the wounded and tried, as quickly as possible, to carry them into the shelter. When Seyshin was taken, the fighters lay down to relax, they decided to discuss the further action plan for the seizure of sobes, where the enemy is settled. Senior comrades, the Communists began to perform, but the Word also asked both a young, very young Maria Tsukanov, a battalion sinaster:
"I, though young, - starts Masha, - and not a member of the party, but I want to assure you all that I will fight to the end."
The next morning resumed the fight and this time were big losses. Masha carried out, during this day, more than fifty wounded. Saving a fifty-second fighter, she herself was stitching the machine-gun queue, but she had expired with blood, continued to be ahead. The Japanese at this point went to the attack. A few enemy fighters fled right on Masha. She grabbed the machine from the killed fighter and collecting the last forces, began to shoot around the enemy, but, having lost consciousness, she was captured. Japanese samurai, seeking her information about the upcoming parts of the Soviet army, brutally tortured Masha and mocked her body, rolling her eyes and cutting the whole body with knives.
When her comrades took the snow, where the Japanese headquarters were located, they found brutally tortured Masha Tsukanov.
On the hill, called in honor of the sailors, the "Naclet of Heroes", Masha buried.
On September 14, 1945, Maria Nikitichna Tsukanova was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union - posthumously. Her name is forever included in the lists of the Sanitary Instructors Sanitary Instructors of one of the hospitals of the Navy.
One of the streets in Vladivostok is named Maria Tsukanova. And in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, where she died, now wears the name of Mary.
Her name is the streets in the cities of Omsk, Barnaul, Irkutsk.
She installed monuments in Irkutsk and Vladivostok.

"Mercy! Word, because, things!
Like a lighthouse, it shines in the night,
A woman leaned over the fighter
On yourself to carry it.
In the gymnaster, in a bushlate with an evaporator,
Sew Seveled at twenty - then ...!
How do we roads in the age of atomic:
Walked Holy and Honor! "

Maria Karpovna Bid, was born in the Crimea, the village of Novy Sivash, February 1, 1922, in the family of a peasant.
The house of a little car stood among the steppes that bombarded the Bigan, where the winds were blown and where the rolling-field was rolling. The places were poor, and the parents had her home too poor.
After graduating from seven classes in 1936 in Dzhankoy, she goes to work in a local hospital, helps nurses and nurses to care for sick. The old surgeon, Maria worked under whose leadership, somehow told her: "You have a daughter golden hands, deft and skillful, and most importantly, you have a good and responsive heart, and this is the main thing in medicine."
After such words, Masha is decided to flow into medical equipment and has already passed the documents. Examinations were to start on August 1, 1941, but began war. A girl who dreams of becoming a surgeon had to go fight. Almost from the first days of the war, Masha was at the front as part of the medical team. She walked to meet trains who arrived with wounded. It helped to draw dressings, wash, feed, did everything that could be done for the wounded.
Germans bombed already settlements Crimea. Bombing did not stop on no day. In one of these tips, she pulled out of the battlefield of the bloody all, in the bandages, the old soldier who, dying in her arms, quietly told her: "It's a pity, daughter, only me that I am dying, and so little destroyed Fensians ... ".
After his words, Masha decides to go to fight and take the place of this soldier. She falls into the 35th Fighter Battalion, who participated in the fight against enemy paratroopers and easers.
In 1942, after heavy battle, the Soviet troops began to go to Kerch and Sevastopol. Here, the battalion is poured into the seaside army and the 250 day defense of Sevastopol begins.
During this period, the heroic defense of Sevastopol, the sanitary instructor of Bid Maria Karpovna selflessly provides medical care to fighters and battalion commanders. Saving life wounded, she repeatedly joined the fight with the enemy himself.
November stood, there was a watery weather. The battalion is located on the Italian cemetery, the line of defense took place here. At that time she passed around the whole city.
The cemetery was deserted. Only rare spiny shrubs grew on it, there was not a single tree around him. The only stone headsets, which are still preserved, helped to hide the exhausted fighters. In the chapel, which was here, the headquarters and consequences are located. The Germans bombed the cemetery from early in the morning and to darkness. And so two months Mary with their comrades were in the cemetery. Masha seemed that there were no two months here, but passed years. She stopped being afraid of something, ceased to be just a sinaster. She is on a par with men, the fighters, as of the trench, participated in the battles, went to intelligence. The enemy day and night made attacks, the fascists moved along the corpses of their own soldiers and officers, but in these battles, the ranks of the city defenders. Masha got used to everything, but could not get used to the death of his comrades. She tried, as soon as possible to reach, reach, try to the wounded, among this hellish fire, the unpretentious cannonade, hurried to the wounded, just to save him.

Who called you then sister?
We now, of course, do not know.
Maybe injured in battle far?
Only he could sister you.

Often you heard from the fighter: "Sitver,
Cute, sister, help ... "
You fled, light up, like a match,
And whispered: "My dear, getting ..."

Crawled, scratching his knees,
Sweat flow walked, glasses with you,
For him fought with a sacrament,
Without sparing anyone.

Lives how much have you saved, native?!
Is it possible to count it?!
You're a sip of water, giving, repeated:
"Only you do not try to die!"

The enemy rocked, not at all silent,
And bombed, bombed around you.
You were not afraid, but only suffered,
When you can save you could not.

Squeezing your teeth, you suffered again,
And with ridiculous wearing crawled,
Only God again asked
Saved that this fighter.

During his stay on the front, Masha has gained experience, and courage. The fighters seen in front of them now brave, bold, experienced girl. She began to send it to combat hiking and even take with him in intelligence so that she could provide first medical care. Masha not only provided medical care, but also covered their fighters with the fire during a waste. Scout fighters were proud of their girlfriend, she had to do with her soul: brave, fearless, and could still be quiet, as they say, walking "catfish", step so that he did not create any noise and even a row. In addition, she had a quick reaction and hatred of the enemy.
When the assault of Sevastopol started the next time, the platoon of intelligence reflected the Natisk of the enemy. Masha was in the very center of this bloody Mass. She led fire from the machine and immediately tied to the wounded. When she ended the cartridges, she quickly and very easily could turn the tag brush and immediately returned back already with a trophy machine.
But here, an explosion hit, Masha threw aside. It stunned. She was wounded. After some time she came to himself, quickly bandaged the wound herself and continued the battle. When the Germans managed to break through the defense at the next plot and from the flank to bypass the fighters - intelligence officers, where Masha was, she dragged all the wounded in a secluded place and immediately organized a circular defense. Then the Germans, at night, have repeatedly stumbled upon them, but Mary managed to open the automatic line. After, under the cover of the night, knowing the location of minefields, she brought the wounded in a safer place.
About her courage and heroism knew the whole front.
On June 20, 1942, Maria Karpovna was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union, with the presentation of the "Golden Star" medal and the Order of Lenin.
The last battle defender Sevastopol took on July 12, 1942. In this battle, she was seriously injured, contuge and captured. But in captivity, the brave patriot continues to fight.
It fulfills the instructions of the underground organization.
Maria Karpovna visited concentration camps in Slavuta and Ravensbrück. Being in Austria, she managed to get to the camp for civilians. Working on the forestworker in the Austrian Alps, her, on denunciation, arrests Gestapo.
In 1945, American troops liberate her, and Maria Karpovna returns to his homeland.
Living at Dzhansky for a while, she moves to Sevastopol, where he lives to the end of his life.
All his life Maria Karpovna dedicated to people. She worked as the head of the Palace of Marriage, headed Sevastopol urban registry office. Having worked for more than twenty-eight years in these positions, she gave a parting to more than 60,000 young couples. More than 70,000 newborn babies were registered with her hand. She was repeatedly elected by a deputy in the city council. And in 1976 she was awarded the title of "Honor Citizen of the Hero of Sevastopol".
Its name is a children's park in Sevastopol. And on the plane of the memorial, heroic defenders of Sevastopol in 1941-1942., It is also its last name.
Maria Karpovna, except for the Golden Star Hero and Order of Lenin, was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War I degree, the medal "for courage" and other orders and medals.
Bida Maria Karpovna died at the 81st year of life, August 30, 2002.
It was buried in the city - Hero Sevastopol.
Maria Karpovna was the only woman who received the hero of the Soviet Union in the battles for Sevastopol.

Preface:

If you take a few millennium, then only 292 years old on Earth were fertile, without wars. The rest of the centuries have retained in memory of all generations a lot of large and small wars, which took more than four billion lives. But from all these wars, the Great Patriotic War was the most bloody war or else, as they say and write about it: "The Second World War of 1941 - 1945.
From the very first days of war, like the whole army, doctors have experienced a lack of personnel. Almost half of the percent of the mobilization material and human health resources, as well as the number of doctors, was in the west of the country of the former Soviet Union, and in the first days of the war, this territory, as we know, was already captured by the enemy. Large losses carried medicine and on the battlefield. Most of all losses were among the ordinary and sergeant composition.
During this war, more than 85 thousand doctors were missing and died. Of these, more than five thousand doctors, more than nine thousand medium-sized medical workers, more than twenty-three thousand sanitary instructors, almost that fifty thousand Sanitars and Sanitars-Porters.
During this period, it was decided to accelerate the release of the last two courses of military medical academies and medical faculties, and the preparation of paramedics and junior prime prisoners was accelerated. As a result of the emergency, this work, by the second year of the war, the army was completely equipped with doctors, paramachers, pharmacists. The main bony of the leadership and therapeutive composition was the listeners of the SM Military Medical Academy. Kirov. From its walls were prepared and sent to the front about two thousand military doctors. Graduates of this Academy showed genuine heroism. In war they performed their own as patriotic and professional debt. More than 500 pupils and workers of the Academy died on the battlefield, protecting their homeland. But not only the doctors of this institution adopted their professional debt. All the doctors of our immense country contributed to this victory, as it was then called the Soviet Union. Thus, from the walls of the 1st Medical Institute named after I.Schenev, both in the current army and in the rear, more than two thousand graduates of this university. Doctors, without sparing themselves, provided wounded help directly on the battlefield. They knew that the cause of the death of fighters, in addition to injuries, incompatible with life, is still a shock and a big loss of blood.
For the removal of the wounded from the battlefield, Sanitaras-Porters and Sanitation, Stalin was signed by an order "On the submission to government awards".
Thus, for a good combat work, a large number of porters "for military merit" medal and "for courage" were awarded, as well as presented to the Order of the Red Star, were awarded and the Order of the Red Banner and the Order of Lenin. Sanitary, medical sisters, doctors, sinstrupers - they all bravely performed their duty on the battlefield of the Great Patriotic War, who in the wounded bed, who is in the operating room in front-line and rear hospitals.

Leaned up medic above the table,
Cold over the wounded, forgetting his home.
Night did not sleep, sometimes not one,
He did not see the children and his wife.
He went to the enemy with a gun,
And stood under the "pouring" fire,
Hag the enemy, the one that "not Shalil".
Like many in the ground soil.
And extinguished the fugas on the roof, hungry,
Life did not gentle, did not resist.