Disposal of zones. All you wanted to know about the boundaries of the land plot - minimal indents, location markup and intersection

Urban Planning Code Russian Federation (Article 1) It was established that the zones with the special conditions of the use of territories include security, sanitary protection zones, the protection of the objects of cultural heritage (monuments of history and culture) of the peoples of the Russian Federation, water protection zones, the sanitary protection zones of drinking sources and Household water supply, protected area zones, other zones established in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Article 56 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation (hereinafter - the Code) establishes the following restrictions on land rights:

1) Special conditions for the use of land and regime economic activity in security, sanitary protection zones;

2) special conditions for security ambient, including animal and vegetable world, nature monuments, history and culture, archaeological objects, preserving the fertile layer of the soil, natural habitat, wildlife migration paths;

3) the conditions for the beginning and completion of the development or development of the land during the established deadlines on the project, construction, repair or maintenance of the road (part of the road) during the established manner of the project, construction, repair, or maintenance of the road, which is in state or municipal ownership;

4) Other restrictions on the use of land in cases established by the Code and federal laws.

Restrictions on land rights are established by acts of government executive bodies, acts of bodies local governments, court decision or in the manner prescribed by the Code of Security Zones, in order to ensure the safety of the population around the objects and industries that are sources of impact on the habitat and human health; Environmental protection, including animal and floral world, nature monuments, history and culture, archaeological sites.

Land plots that are included in such zones, owners of land plots, land users, landowners and land tenants are not removed, but in their boundaries they define a special mode of their use, limiting or prohibiting those activities that are incompatible with the objectives of establishing areas.

In accordance with Article 1 of the Federal Law of 18.06.2001 No. 78-FZ "On Land Management" of the zone with special conditions of use of the territories and their parts are objects of land management information about which is an individual designation (view, type, number, index, and the like) ; Description of the location of the boundaries of such zones; names of state authorities or local governments that have decided to establish such zones; details of decisions of state authorities or local governments on establishing or changing such zones and sources of official publication of these decisions; The content of restrictions on the use of real estate objects within such zones is made to the State Cadastre of Real Estate in accordance with Art. 10 of the Federal Law of 24.07.2007 No. 221-FZ "On the State Real Estate Cadastre".

Description of the location of the boundaries of zones with special conditions of use of the territories is carried out in the implementation of land management work, as a result of which a map (plan) of the land management facility is drawn up, decorated in the form of a paper and electronic document on form and requirements approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 30, 2009 No. 621 "On approval of the form of a map (plan) of an object of land management and requirements for its compilation."

Order of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation of 03.06.2011 No. 267 "On approval of the procedure for describing the location of the boundaries of land management facilities" (hereinafter referred to as the procedure), the rules and features of the description of the location of the boundaries of land management facilities are established.

scripture of locations of the boundaries of zones with special conditions of use of the territories, in accordance with paragraph 2 of the Procedure, is carried out using the information of the State Cadastre of Real Estate, territorial planning documents, land-use rules and development, documents of the State Fund for Data obtained as a result of land management, information and documents of state cartographic Geodesic funds and other documents stipulated by the legislation of documents and information.

The location of the borders is established by determining the flat rectangular coordinates of the characteristic points of the boundaries (that is, points of change in the description of the boundaries and dividing them into parts) in the coordinate system established for the conduct of the State Cadastre of Real Estate. The coordinates of the characteristic points of boundaries are determined with accuracy not lower than the normative accuracy of determining the coordinates of the characteristic points of the boundaries of land plots, within which such characteristic points of the zone boundaries are located.

The choice of the method for determining the coordinates of the characteristic points of the boundaries of zones with the special conditions of the use of territories (geodesic; the method of satellite geodesic measurements (definitions); photogrammetric; cardometric; analytic) is carried out depending on the normative accuracy of determining the coordinates of the characteristic points of such borders.

If the characteristic point of the zone boundaries coincides with the characteristic point of the boundary in the state real estate cadastre of the land plot, the coordinates of the characteristic point of the specified land plot are taken as a description of the location of such a point.

the performance of work on the description of the location of the boundaries of zones with special conditions for the use of the territory must be considered features established by the requirements of paragraph 6.1 of the Procedure. The border of the zone with the special conditions of the territory of the territory can cross the boundaries between the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the boundaries of municipalities, settlements, land plots, the boundaries of territorial zones, as well as other zones with the special conditions of the use of territories.

When describing the location of the boundaries of zones with the special conditions of use of the territory, the map (plan) is drawn up on a territory not exceeding one cadastral district. For registration of the graphic part of the card (plan) prepared as a result of the description of the location of the borders, the materials and data of map operation of the scale of 1: 50000 are used and larger.

The current legislation and practical experience determine the land plot as part of the surface of the Earth, which includes the soil layer, the subsoil and the objects located on it (including natural), the boundaries of which are described and registered in the established procedure by an authorized state body.

The boundaries are a need to form from "land", a rather abstract concept, a specific individually-defined object, which may be subsequently the subject of relations between diverse entities.

What is the boundaries of the site?

If you do not delve into terminology, then the borders land plot - These are special designations in the form of lines on the topographic plan, limiting it as a territorial object. Depending on the situation, they do not exist not only on the plans of the territories, but also fixed on the ground with special interlets (vessels).

In order to avoid both legal proceedings, the borders should be:

Confirmed documented and decorated in compliance with all requirements.
Coordinated with neighbors, which is fixed in the act of coordination of boundaries (the act is displayed by).

Fixing the boundaries by land signs on the ground is called the removal of the boundaries of the site into nature. The cost of one passage sign is from 1.5 thousand rubles. The price depends on the type of signs (temporary, permanent) and the one who made them (customer or performer).

Minimum and maximum size

The size of the land is one of its one of the individual characteristics, which is square of the conditional and smooth surface Between its borders. A variety of relief (hills, hillocks, lowlands and other) are never taken into account when calculating it.

To avoid obstacles to use at the legislative level, a concept has been established on the minimum and maximum areas of land. Establishment the smallest size It serves an obstacle to crushing areas, when literally every step of the territory belongs to a separate owner. Presence maximum limit It is necessary to prevent unnecessary "globalization" of land plots of one destination.

At the legislative level, the issue of maximum and minimum areas is registered in Articles 11.9, 33 and 38 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation. These norms regulate the territorial dimensions of the sites that are provided. is free (primary transmission) in different categories of the population or formed as a result of any action of the owner (section, attachment).

With regard to land-designed land - in urban planning plans of the territories.
For territories belonging to the state or municipality, and intended for the conduct of agricultural activities (gardening, animal husbandry, gardening), the organization of KFH, country construction The limit sizes of space are determined according to federal or regional laws.
The personal subsidiary farming is limited in the space of the provisions of regulatory acts of local governments.
Not corresponding to the land plot installed at any level does not exist long. He, with a lot of probability, will not even appear in the state cadastre, as the violation of the area of \u200b\u200bthe area is one of the most categorical foundations for registration.

The presence of limitations in the amount does not mean that the same person cannot own several similar territories located nearby. For example, the decision of the district council of Omsk No. 39 dated November 17, 2004 establishes that plots intended for ICC should have the area not more than 1,500 sq.m. That is, a person cannot own a greater area of \u200b\u200bterritory. However, it is not forbidden to have 2 adjacent sections of 1,500 sq.m each.

What is multi-mounted land plots

The boundaries of the land plot passing through the rotary (characteristic) points on the ground form its contour - a closed figure. Most people are familiar with a situation of type "One section - one piece of the territory". However, not always the relief or objects on the ground allow you to create a plot. one array (contour).

Land plots consisting of several closed contours located are not adjacent, but within one cadastral quarter and separated by other lands - this is multi-mounted land plots.

Most often, the formation of such complex in the configuration of territories is the need to bypass the complex relief like swamps, ravines, sweeping, which can be included in the overall size, but at the same time will "eat" the impressive part of the useful area of \u200b\u200bthe site. Also in several contours, the territory can share roads, power lines or sites belonging to other owners.

Procedure for determining the boundaries of the site

The establishment of the actual boundaries of land plots is carried out during land management, which includes:

Study of the composition and state of lands and determining the belonging of related sites and contact data of their right holders.
Education of new or change in existing (section, connection and other) objects Land management in the form of drafting circuits or integrated sample plans.
Coordination of borders with the owners of related sites or with state or municipal authorities.
Putting on cadastral accounting and the assignment of unique.
Definition of borders On the terrain.

In order for the site to become an object not only land, but also civil relations, the object of subjective civil rights, it must go through the rules established by Art. 70 ZK RF.

What is the minimum access from the boundary of the land plot, if it is planned to place a house or another building? This information is indicated in the drawing of the town planning plan of the site prepared in the process of survey.

On the video below shows the nuances of the boundaries

Adjustment on the terrain and coordinates of the land

The boundaries of the land plot are set using a special coordinate system (indicating geographic indicators), the set of indicators of which is further transferred to the state inventory and help determine the position of the area on the ground.

Situations when information about the coordinates of the plots contain inaccuracies, in practice it is often happening. The legislator shares all errors in 2 groups that appear during operation:

Technical errors in the form of typos and errors (grammatical and arithmetic) allowed by cadastral accounting by the land plot. Nevertheless, there are no programs in state bodies and there is always a possibility of discrepancies due to the human factor.
Technical errors in the Cadastre information are corrected by the authority of the Cadastral Account, after they receive a notification application from the copyright or other interested person who has identified inaccuracy in the information.
Cadastral errorwhich, according to paragraph 2 of Part 1 of Art. 28 of the Law "On Cadastre of Real Estate" is inaccuracy in the form of imposition (partial) contours of different land plots. There is a similar due to different coordinate systems, in which the intersection of the last 20 years or due to the dense development, relief changes.

The boundaries of the land can be adjusted at any time at the request of the owner, which decided to change the rotary points or clarify the area. IN last case The size of the plot can also increase in 10%What is often the reason for adjusting borders.

Any adjustment of borders should be issued for the same procedure as the interviewing of the new land plot.

The procedure for changing the boundaries of the site when they are superimposed

In a situation where the owners find out that the boundaries of several land plots are superimposed by one to another, or there is an intersection of borders. Perhaps several solution solutions:

Administrative decision of the issue In the form of the adjustment by the owners of the adjacent territories of the border with the involvement of the cadastral engineer. Meeting plans contains conclusion with the output of the presence of an error, information about clarifications and the act of coordination of the location of the site. The latter may not be compiled if total area And the configuration (form) of the territory has not changed.
Judicial decision of the issueIn which the right holder of the site appeals to the court at the expense of the location of the site with a statement on the coercion of the "neighbors" to clarify the boundaries. As another option, this may be a claim for recognizing the new borders of the site and making relevant changes in the state inventory.

How to act in case of disputes when determining borders and what does judicial practice show?

Answers are given on video below.

This group of issues should be considered in an inextricable connection with the requirements for the accuracy of determining the location of the coordinates of characteristic points.

At the first stage, it is necessary to refer to the rules for establishing the boundaries of territorial zones. The city-planning code defines the following boundaries options:

The boundaries of territorial zones can be installed on:

1) lines of highways, streets, travel, separating transport flows of opposite directions;

2) red lines;

3) the boundaries of land plots;

4) borders of settlements within municipalities;

5) the boundaries of municipalities, including the borders of the internal territories of the cities of the federal significance of Moscow and St. Petersburg;

6) the natural boundaries of natural objects;

7) other boundaries.

From the previous analysis, we found that general rule Of all the listed methods in the Chuvash Republic, the second was actually used. Out of the meaning of the definition of red lines and public areas

red lines - lines that denote existing, planned (variable, newly formed) borders of common areas, the boundaries of land plots on which the power lines are located, communication lines (including linear cable structures), pipelines, road roads, railway lines and others Such structures (hereinafter - linear objects);

general use territory - territories that unordedly enjoys an unlimited circle of persons (including square, streets, arrows, embankments, coastal strips of public objects, boulevards, boulevards)

it follows that the entire outdoor network falls under these definitions.

Despite the fact that the red lines on the territory of the Chuvash Republic as such are few installed, the analysis of maps of urban zoning indicates that the entire outdoor network on them was derived from under the actions of any zone ie. It is a "white stain" on the zoning map.

This option does not see us optimal.

· Red lines are usually not installed in coordinates;

· A small number of land under the grounds of general use is raised for state cadastral records (exclusion of the city);

· A large number of previously taken sections in the GCN do not have a coordinate description of the boundaries.

With this variant of the preparation of the description of the boundaries of the territorial zone, the problem of the accuracy of establishing the boundary of the zone will inevitably arise, namely, the accuracy should be no worse than the accuracy of land plots that borders with general lands. In the absence of large-scale cartographic materials into the territory of Chuvashia, it is technically fulfilled this requirement is possible only on the basis of the geodesic method or the method of satellite measurements. This means - what will be required clarification of the boundaries of all of the land plots adjacent to the territorial zone (including through the elimination of cadastral errors).

The establishment of the boundaries of zones along lines of highways, streets, travel, separating transport streams of opposite directions, has a number of benefits:

· Street and passing axes theoretically cannot cross with land plots provided to individuals and legal entities. Consequently, when describing the boundaries of territorial zones in the overwhelming majority, there is no need to determine the location of land boundaries;

· The laboriousness of the operation to digitize the boundary is sharply reduced. Instead of scrupulous work on the ground on each side of the street, the boundary of the zone is carried out by its axis in cameral conditions.

· The accuracy of determining the boundary in this case will not have a fundamental value. In this case, even if the cadastral engineer will allow a significant error, it will not lead to intersections with land.

· The complexity is also reduced due to the destruction of the set of internal boundaries between the contours of the zone with the same regulations. In practice, this means that in a small settlement, instead of a dozen contours of the residential zone, one contour is formed.

When working with territorial zones, cadastral engineers and local governments often have questions about the accuracy and inconsistency of land management facilities with land plots:

one). The accuracy of the establishment of the boundary should be no worse than the accuracy of the boundaries of land

2). The boundaries of territorial zones must meet the requirements of the supplies of each land plot only to one zone.

3). The boundaries of territorial zones must meet the requirement of the belonging of each land plot only to one territorial zone and should not cross the boundaries of land plots in accordance with the information included in the State Real Estate Cadastre information on such land plots "

four). If, the street network and linear objects (highways, railways) do not allocate in independent zones of the transport infrastructure or not to make them beyond other areas - it is difficult to ensure the mode of their integrity. "

As for the accuracy of the performance of work, this norm is relating only to the case when the characteristic point of the land management object coincides with the characteristic point of the land plot.

The accuracy in the order is aimed at ensuring the conditions under which the boundaries of the land management facility would not have intersections with land plots

In the case when the boundary of the zone is installed in the middle of the street, this condition is provided the best of all possible ways way.

Regarding the lack of intersection of the zone with land, it can be said that, for the correct understanding of this issue, it is necessary to consider this norm comprehensively (that is, in the aggregate of all current legislation), given that:

-Firstly:

The city-planning code claims that the urban-building regulations do not apply to the Earth.

-Secondly:

The Land Code conducts some distinction between the land itself.

"Total land plots engaged in areas, streets, roads, roads, embankments, squares, boulevards, water bodies, beaches and other objects, may be included in various territorial zones And not subject to privatization. " .

"The formation of a land plot is not allowed, the boundaries of which crosses the boundaries of territorial zones, forestry, forestarkov, with the exception of land plot formed to conduct work on geological study of the subsoil, development of mineral deposits, placement of linear objects, hydraulic structures, as well as reservoirs, other artificial water bodies. "

-third:

In paragraph 6 of Article 26 of the Cadastral Act in terms of the occurrence of areas with the border of the territorial zone there are exceptions: implementation cadastral accounting Suspended in case one of the boundaries food plot (not previously taken into account!) crosses the border of the territorial zone, with the exception of The case if the bug reproduced in the state cadastral of real estate was reproduced in determining the location of the boundary of such a territorial zone in the document, on the basis of which information was made to the State Cadastre of Real Estate, or if the formed land plot is intended for the placement of linear objects, as well as in other cases, established by federal law;

From this it follows that the term "land plot" in the context of the formation of the boundary of the territorial zone, it is necessary to approfferiently. The land plot formed under the grounds of common use cannot be understood equally with the classical land plot provided to the physical or legal entity for a specific purpose. The street network does not imply any economic activities, the formation of areas for subsequent provision has no regulation, is not subject to land tax and therefore is estimated symbolically in size 1 ruble.

Thus, the land and urbanochetory codes complement each other and do not interfere with the recommended method for forming the boundary of the territorial zone.

Much of the above, it is fair to attribute to linear objects.

The action of urban regulations does not apply to linear objects.

* Linear objects located outside settlements, according to GKN, are located on the land of industry. The city-planning code does not exclude the establishment of urban planning regulations on the land of industry. But the land of industry includes not only linear, but also many square facilities, for example: power plants, hydroelectric power plants, land for location of airports, airfields, runways. Obviously, if the object is not linear, then in this case, the urban planning regulations may be developed on its territory. But if the object is linear, then there is no meaning and foundation of the allocation specifically under it a separate territorial zone. Due to the lack of urgent regulations on them, control over the intersections of territorial zones with the boundaries of such sites also does not make sense.

Providing a regime of inviolability (illegal development)

To solve this problem there are several solution options:

1. Isolation of the outdoor network and linear objects in independent territorial zones;

2. Preparation of land plans and state cadastral registration of these objects.

3. Establishing the security zones on linear objects (drain strip, roadside bands)

In case of selecting the first option, it is advisable to follow the following rules:

If the PZZ provides or planned to place linear objects: railways, roads I and II category, main roads or speed continuous movement, they need to be highlighted in a separate zone "T" or "P" within the road and red lines. Land plots with the same type of permitted use can be brought to this territorial zones to accommodate roadside autocomplexes, stops, parking lots, traffic police posts, etc.

The main roads or the streets of a speed continuous movement are usually within the boundaries of the urban district and have their boundaries as an element of the planning structure (within the red lines) with a certain type of permitted use - "Transport".

Within the boundaries of the residential area, microdistrict, quarter, groups of residential buildings The need to allocate the road network into a separate territorial zone is excluded.

Osca is entitled to choose any solution option.

_________________________

But, Not always the borders of the zones can be held along the axes of the streets.

Often there are no common land areas between different zones on the ground. In this case, one-time work is necessary.

St 35 rk rf.

1. As a result of urban zoning, residential, public-business, production zones, engineering and transport infrastructure zones, agricultural zones, recreational zones, areas of specially protected areas, special-purpose zones, military facilities area and other types of territorial zones are found.

2. The composition of residential areas may include:

1) construction zones with individual residential buildings;

2) construction zones with individual residential buildings and low-rise residential houses of blocked building;

3) construction zones by mid-rise residential houses of blocked construction and apartment buildings;

4) construction zones by multi-storey apartment buildings;

5) zones of residential building of other species.

3. In residential areas, it is allowed to place separate, built-in or attached social and utility facilities, health facilities, facilities of preschool, initial general and secondary general education, cult buildings, parking lots of road transport, garages, objects associated with living citizens and Do not have a negative impact on the environment. The residential areas may also include territories intended for gardening.

4. The social and business zones may include:

1) zones of business, social and commercial purposes;

2) zones of placement of social and utility facilities;

3) the service areas of the facilities required for the implementation of industrial and business activities;

4) Social and business zones of other species.

5. Social and business zones are designed to accommodate health care, culture, trade, catering, social and utilities, entrepreneurial activities, objects of secondary professional and higher education, administrative, research institutions, cult buildings, parking lots of road transport, objects of business, financial purpose, other objects associated with ensuring the life of citizens.

6. The list of capital construction facilities permitted to accommodate in social and business areas, residential buildings, residential buildings of blocked development, apartment buildings, hotels, underground or multi-storey garages can be included.

7. The composition of production areas, engineering and transport infrastructure zones may include:

1) communal zones - zones of placement of utility and warehouse objects, objects of housing and communal services, transport facilities, wholesale facilities;

2) production areas - zones of placement of production facilities with various environmental standards;

3) Other types of production, engineering and transport infrastructures.

8. Production areas, engineering and transport infrastructure zones are designed to accommodate industrial, utility and warehouse facilities, engineering and transport infrastructure facilities, including structures and communications of railway, automobile, river, sea, air and pipeline transport, and also for establishing sanitary protection zones of such objects in accordance with the requirements of technical regulations.

9. Agricultural areas may include:

1) zones of agricultural land - Pashnyi, hayfields, pastures, deposits, land engaged in perennial plantations (gardens, vineyards and others);

2) zones engaged in agricultural objects and intended for agriculture, gardening and gardening, personal subsidiary economy, developing agricultural facilities.

10. The territorial zones established within the boundaries of settlements may include agricultural areas (including agricultural zones), as well as zones engaged in agricultural facilities and intended for agricultural, gardening and gardening, and development of agricultural facilities .

11. The areas of recreational purposes may include zones within the boundaries of territories engaged in urban forests, squares, parks, city gardens, ponds, lakes, reservoirs, beaches, coastal stripes of public facilities, as well as within the boundaries of other territories used and intended For recreation, tourism, physical culture and sports.

12. The territorial zones may include areas of specially protected territories. Land plots that have special environmental, scientific, historical and cultural, aesthetic, recreational, wellness, and other particularly valuable importance may be included in the zones of specially protected areas.

13. The special purpose zones may include zones occupied by cemeteries, crematoriums, cattle bisks, objects used for the disposal of solid utility waste, and other objects, the placement of which can be provided only by allocating these zones and is unacceptable in other territorial zones.

14. The area of \u200b\u200bterritorial zones may include zones of hosting military facilities and other specialized zones.

15. In addition to those provided by this article, local governments can establish other types of territorial zones, allocated taking into account the functional zones and the features of the use of land plots and capital construction facilities.

Comment to Art. 35 urban planning code of the Russian Federation

1. The definition of territorial zones is a mandatory element of land use and development rules, and in particular, the map of urban zoning. Within each category of territorial zones listed in the commented article 35 of the city's territorial zones, several zones (subzon), differing in the peculiarities of urban development of territories, a set of permitted land use types and the parameters of construction changes for these types of land use, may also be allocated. Map (maps) of urban zoning may contain a description of the boundaries of territorial zones. When determining the boundaries of territorial zones in the schemes, their name and urban planning regulations are established individually, in relation to different parts of the territory of the municipality.

The amount of allocated zones (subzon) is due to the town-planning specificity of various municipalities and their value, the degree of territorial dissection, the functional structural organization of the territory, the peculiarities of the formation of a natural and anthropogenic landscape, as well as the prospects for the spatial development of the territory determined at the planning documentation stages. The latter circumstance is determined by a complex of practical measures (urban stimulation or prohibition (restrictions) of certain types of land use and development), taken into account when developing a zoning card.

Territorial zones defined by urban zoning, take into account the existing town-planning organization of the territory, social, demographic aspects and prerequisites for subsequent urban development (reconstruction). As a result, urban zoning is a complex comprehensive task requiring integrated solutions and participation of specialists of many areas.

2. Residential zones are intended to ensure comfortable and healthy living conditions of the population in the territory of the municipality. The specifics of this type zones are the predominance of residential buildings in them, with the admission of the construction of a large number of high-ended residential facilities. The selection of the corresponding subbands within the residential zone is determined by the actual structure of the residential fund in accordance with the needs of various populations (small and large families, young and elderly, idle or married people). The newly formed residential building requires accounting for the needs of demographic and consumer groups, correspond to various (differentiated) preferences of citizens (their social and consumer opportunities).

The urban zoning procedure for the allocation of residential subzones determines the solution of practical issues of streamlining the current development, giving it a clearer structure and the possibility of a combination of various (differentiated) types of residential buildings.

The zoning of residential (residential) territories allows you to simultaneously solve various kinds of problems: functional (distinction of incompatible, eliminating the mutual neighborhood of functional processes; establishing a certain system for building development with the allocation of prevailing functions; eliminating the driving arrangement of the development); planning (improvement of the planning organization of the territory and the improvement of its transport support, taking into account the urban planning situation, the remoteness from the center and approximity to the natural landscape, as well as to the other structural elements cities; choosing a method of urban-planning changes); Structural (substantiation of the choice of storeinations and density of development, types of service, with improving the quality of development, enforcement improvement of the environment).

Urban-planning zoning in modern conditions is aimed at implementing spatial-planning measures for the integrated reconstruction of the territory involving the achievement of considerable economic efficiency. This effect can be achieved as a result of the assessment of the moral and physical wear of the development, the determination of the characteristics of the housing stock, indicating the density of the development, environmental indicators, the ratio of the areas of open (including landscaped) and built-up spaces. Considering the fact that its reconstruction is the most common type of town planning transformations in the conditions of the established urban and rural development, in the process of carrying out urban zoning, it is necessary to determine the degree of reconstructive interventions.

The scale of reconstruction, fixed in the territorial zones, is caused by various factors. In many ways, a comparison of preservation options (both complete and partial) and the demolition of the existing residential foundation is determined. As a rule, making a final decision in favor of the choice of certain types of residential buildings depends on the assessment of the intended result (in comparable indicators) compared with the initial situation. An important value of the value (volumes) of works, as well as their costs associated with the perision, is important. Often, due to the need to reduce costs, it is saved within the zone of an existing type of urban use, while this contradicts the overall perspective orientation of transformations.

The tasks of urban zoning in this regard are the definition of urban priorities. They can differ significantly depending on the specific urban planning and socio-economic situation.

In some cases, the territory's response entails a significant increase in the cost of reconstructive work, but allows you to achieve significant results (social, functional, planning and other). In other cases, on the contrary, the planned state of the territory may not significantly differ from the existing situation, but the total amount of the required work is not associated with major costs. In each particular urban situation, the decision on the choice of zoning option is carried out individually taking into account the positive and negative sides of each. The most common principle, more influencing the final choice, is the achievement of a rational scheme of using the territory.

Deciding on zoning, identification of methods, stages, the nature of the activities of the activities, also depends on the existing complex of urban planning conditions in a specific territory, such as: the location of the zonured territory in the structure of the municipality; density of construction of individual quarters and larger structural units of development; Technical characteristics of development; availability of public service elements; The state of engineering equipment and improvement.

The subzones are distinguished in such a way that the zoning system can function is balanced, so that in each residential subzone, a possible variety of forms of the spatial organization of the medium, a sufficient number of household services, was presented. The allocation of four main types of residential subbands, differing in the established parameters of the realized building, based on the gradual increase in its floors, ranging from individual residential buildings to multi-storey houses, is most common in urban planning practice.

Building zones with individual residential buildings are allocated for the preemptive construction of individual (isolated) and blocked residential buildings with adjacent land plots designed to accommodate one family as the main type of permitted use. It provides legal conditions for the formation of low-cost residential buildings; With a minimum set of serving functions and public spaces, open areas of agricultural use, as well as a small-scale service infrastructure (schools, small polyclinics, pharmacies, public baths).

Auxiliary types of permitted use in these zones include parking spaces for one vehicle or placement of a separate garage, installation of autonomous (alternative) energy sources such as thermal station or other local maintenance. The types of land use requiring special permission include all types of commercial services and the allocation of territories for recreation.

Building zones low-rise residential buildings (houses for two to three families and three-story houses) are allocated for the formation of specific, using special planning methods, urban planning formations, with a relatively low density of development and the number of living population. The main types of permitted use in this zone are individual or combined homes for accommodation one, two or three families, as well as apartment buildings. Gardens, gardens, small objects of services to the population are also allowed. Auxiliary types of permitted use include small parking and objects for the provision of commercial services that occupy a small place in residential buildings, as well as isolated service infrastructure facilities.

In the construction zones by central residential homes, the main types of permitted use includes united houses of two and three families, as well as apartment buildings for 4-5 families. Local daily service, school, schools, clinics that serve residents of the zone are also allowed. Auxiliary types of permitted use include the provision of various services that occupy a small part of residential buildings. Types of permitted use requiring special permits include large commercial population service shopping centers, as well as small hotels.

Building zones by multi-storey residential buildings. Main types of permitted use include only apartment buildings (no individual houses), as well as a large number of service facilities and commercial uses located next door. The auxiliary types of permitted use includes clinics, objects of commercial and other activities, service points that occupy a small part of residential buildings. Types of use of the territory requiring a special permit include tourist and entertainment activities, as well as some types of land plots and real estate objects, which are determined by the interests of the larger parts of the territory of the municipality (for example, markets and administrative buildings).

The nature of the distribution of the corresponding subbands within the boundaries of residential buildings is determined taking into account the principles of rationality, uniformity, proportionality and territorial ranking.

Thus, the principle of territorial rankings in many cases is determining to establish the relationship of various types of subzon. Almost every municipality (regardless of the magnitude, the features of the current planning structure, landscape organization) has a characteristic structural construction of the territory, with the allocation of three states: the central, median and peripheral. Depending on which of the three specified parts of the municipality is located a plot that needs to be subject to zoning, the priority type of residential subzone is selected. Most often, zones are distinguished in the central areas with a predominance of multi-storey residential buildings; in the middle areas - mid-storey residential buildings that allow the inclusion of low-rise buildings; At the periphery of the city, various development zones are present in uniform proportional ratios, with the active inclusion of low-rise and individual residential buildings. The zoning system allows you to solve some aspects of the problems resulting from the city-planning development (reconstruction) of the territories of residential areas, in particular, the placement of the newly formed "cottage" development on the periphery of the city and the determination of the areas of spatial transformation of the territory with a dilapidated low-rise building in the central regions.

In the peripheral areas of most urban districts, the size and scope of new housing construction, in the absence of a legal mechanism of urban zoning, was almost uncovered. The dimensions of land often do not correspond to the size of the houses that are erected on them, which in many cases leads to the construction of very large houses in small areas of the Earth. Over time, these houses will take this territory and the "green" environment will be lost. Next, since too little space is left for the streets, infrastructure and sewage lines, it may be harmful to the environment, which will be difficult to correct.

Ideally, zoning should develop the developed provisions, provided for by documents Territorial planning, providing for the creation of the necessary infrastructure, the formation of a holistic, systemic organization (network) of land plots with due domestic areas in front of the houses. In modern conditions related to limiting the possibility of infrastructure financing, such a zoning process (based on territorial planning) is not produced. Zoning to some extent allows to solve the problem, ensuring the commensity of the size of residential buildings with the size and configuration of land plots, as well as establishing the parameters of buildings, taking into account the future nature of the zone (sufficiently landscaped, or predominantly urbanized).

Specially stipulates the nature of urban zoning in order to allocate territorial zones for conducting gardening and country farm. Regulations regarding temporary residence and maintenance of small-scale agricultural activities, there are provisions for the placement of cottages and garden sites. They allow the placement of infrastructure funds and the construction of small objects, primarily serving, such as shops, as well as urban-planning organization of other activities related or requiring special resolution of land use species.

3. Social and business zones are created with the aim of coordinating the mixing of use related to the urban planning organization of trade, office, administrative, cultural and educational, service, serving and entertainment functions. The nature of the consumption of these functional processes is distinguished by massiness and selective consumer preference. These functions are mainly accomplished by their placement in the central part of cities and some other territories, characterized by sufficient transport and infrastructure security, which provides opportunities and convenience to obtain potential consumers of goods and services.

Typically, the types of urban use of the territory associated with the placement of business, trade, information and service services are divided into categories of the Central or Local level. The types of use of the category of the central level include administrative activities of public authorities (administration of the subject of the Russian Federation), financial institutions (management of banks and insurance agencies), offices for the provision of legal or other services to large customers (advertising agencies), etc. Types of use related to local business or trade include "personal and daily services" provided by the departments of banks, private-rectifying notaries and lawyers, as well as shops of goods of everyday demand.

With respect to the specifics of the allocation of social and business zones located in the central regions, there is a strong effect of the accumulation of various types of activities of a business and administrative nature. Banking, legal, financial, insurance activities, real estate operations, other types of business entrepreneurship and the implementation of diverse types of professional activities (for example, activities in the information market) with the greatest preference and benefits seek to maximize approximation to each other, as it accelerates and It facilitates the possibility of holding business contacts and information exchange.

As for the local service sector, there is a distinct trend of accommodation near bus stops, railway and metosters, as well as main crossroads of roads, where citizens can shop on the way to work or home. It is very different from the traditional Socialist city, when there was a tendency to tie the scope of service and daily trade to residential complexes, and business and administrative institutions were dispersed throughout the city. Also, new for Russian cities is activities on "business maintenance", namely, the sale and repair of computers, delivery services, packaging, for the purpose of implementing real estate (buildings and individual premises of various functional purposes). These types of activity ensure the work of legal entities and are trying to be located in cheaper rooms next to them. Thus, there is a significant redeployment of business and trade activities, which entails the emergence and development of new types of use of the territory.

Specially stipulates the conditions of urban zoning in relation to the allocation of social and business zones, in particular, territories for the placement of higher educational institutions. In some cases, special zones are allocated for large public buildings, such as educational universities. In such zones, a special set of parameters and types of use of land plots is established, and a special set of positions according to zones and in the territories can be applied to them. For example, in a zone designed to accommodate the main buildings of the University, implementing educational functions, it is allowed to accommodate special types of residential buildings - the seats of temporary residence of students, teachers and visitors (hostels), which is combined with sports facilities and objects for the provision of daily services.

Similarly, the zone formed to implement educational functions can also be monitored by the uses of land plots of the buffer zone surrounding the main construction in order to ensure the condition of the comfortable stay of students. The achievement of these purposes contributes to the preservation of sufficient landscaled space. For the modern practice of urban development (reconstruction) of the territory by zoning in Russian municipalities, a mixed system for the separation of zones for these types of land use is characterized. Regarding them, urban-planning solutions can be double and enter into either in the formation of isolated individual zones, or in the inclusion of them in the form of an integral part to the regions of regular residential buildings and commercial activities.

4. Production areas, engineering and transport infrastructure zones are designed to accommodate production and business facilities (research institutes with experienced production, trading enterprises with workshops maintenance, information centers with publishing and printing department, etc.), industrial (food and light industry, instrument making, engineering, production of building materials, etc.), utility-warehouse (CHP, aeration stations, boiler houses, electric power supply, gas distribution units, garbage processing Plants, other structures of municipal engineering infrastructure, warehouse facilities, parking machines of mechanical cleaning of the territory), transport and engineering facilities and are formed in the form of industrial development and production areas. In accordance with the city-planning policy in our country, the priority activity associated with the spatial transformations of the territory with the predominance of production function, the placement of engineering and transport infrastructure facilities, is their reconstruction.

The transformation and reconstruction of production areas should ensure compliance with the technical and economic indicators of the manufacturing territory by city planning conditions for their placement. The parameters of production areas should be subject to urban planning conditions for the territories on environmental safety, the size and intensity of the use of territories. The territories of municipalities (especially urban districts) must comply with the needs of industrial areas for transport and engineering resources.

Placing production areas in the urban district, the allocation of them into the corresponding zones is subjected to relevant restrictions. Production areas should be transformed into account the adjustment to the territories of other functional purposes: in the lane of the adjoining of production zones to public territories, social and administrative (so-called pre-ordered territories) of the part of production areas should be placed, including them in the formation of public centers and zones; In the strip of adjoining to residential territories, the boundaries of the production site of a deaf fence should not be issued, the use of the adjoining band is part of the sanitary and protective zone to accommodate utility sites of the residential area, multi-storey standing garages of various types, green plantings; In the primary strip of production zones (manufacturing area in the attachment zone), it is recommended to place areas of compact buildings adapted by the urban environment, mixed production and public building with trade and serving enterprises requiring significant storage facilities, large-sized entrances, reversal sites.

The presence of production areas in the territories of social and prevalence, which differ in the following characteristics are not allowed: in the class of harmful production sites on them violate or may violate their activities with the requirements of the environmental safety of residential and social territories; in numbers employed contradict the appointment of residential areas, multifunctional and specialized community centers; The magnitude of the territories violate the functional planning organization of residential and public areas.

In areas of residential, mixed residential buildings, production enterprises of no more than 200 square meters can be placed. m, built-in or occupying a part of the house without industrial territory, environmentally friendly.

The use of the zoning method in relation to the territories engaged in industrial development, radically does not change the existing town-planning organization of the territory. At the same time, zoning requires a mandatory accounting for the territory of the territory of the territory of the territory of the territory of the territory, including the nature of interaction with adjacent territorial zones. It is also necessary to take into account some features that significantly distinguishing the process of urban development (reconstruction) of production zones, which is associated with the involvement and development of investments in large volumes.

It is significant comparing differences in the zoning procedure of the territory under production and other functions. For example, trading and commercial activities organized on the conditions of functional reorientation of the territory can be launched in the presence of a small amount of investment and financial resources with subsequent gradual growth. In contrast to these activities in most sectors of the industry, very large volumes of investment capital are required for the organization of production, implementation modern technology, refill, relocate enterprises, expansion or reduction of development.

The formation of territorial zones does not entail immediate urban-planning changes, and does not directly affect the placement of investments. In addition, the zoning system is mainly regulated by the location of objects, mutual arrangement buildings and structures, their magnitude and directions perspective development. At the same time, zoning is largely not taken into account the complexity and diversity of the impact of industrial processes on the environment, although this effect is determined by the specifics of the existing (alleged) types of production. therefore indirect factorlaid out in the formation of the zoning system with the allocation of production zones and making more effective provisions on environmental protection, allowing to regulate pollution forms and production technology for each type of industry, is the establishment of two positions: such as the production and nature of urban-planning transformations.

The Russian practice of urban zoning in relation to production zones is formed according to the existing international experience of the largest cities. They are successfully implemented by industrial development and regulation programs. An integral element of this type of program is the presence of planning and regulation tools.

The comprehensive industrial development program should include "strategic planning" of the city and public investment in infrastructure and the preparation of land plots, legal and credit mechanisms for long-term financing, a clear and informed tax structure, coordinated provisions on the environment and well-established business registration procedures, and, In addition, the actuation of the entire planned one.

The zoning system is able to lead to more effective attracting investment in industry or its revitalization if the provisions of industrial policy are targeted in the form of creating a comprehensive industrial development program. At the same time, spatial planning of the industry in the form of selection of relevant zones and the adoption of special legal entities of the municipal level allows you to obtain an effective tool that helps develop documents of socio economic Development territories.

The practical implementation of zoning is largely determined by the extent to which the issues of restructuring of territories with the prevailing production type of economic use are comprehensively solved. Depending on how defined industrial policy is carried out on the territory of the municipality, the effectiveness of the introduction of the zoning system, in particular the city-planning development of production areas depends. General principles Such policies are determined on the basis of the magnitude of the municipality, its geopolitical, incl. and geographic location (for example, a border city, an enclave city, a free economic development zone), in accordance with which the possibilities of obtaining investments and their directions are concretized practical implementation Depending on the socio-economic features of the territory (industry, transport, its priority species, in accordance with them, the definition of species of urban planning facilities, such as railway, marine, river ports, construction of warehouse structures).

Municipal authorities formulate the provisions of industrial policies, expressed in the development of a set of measures, such as the allocation of territorial zones, in which specific forms of urban planning activities are determined, for example, the redeployment of port structures to a new territory with relevant conditions (for example, deeper water), the implementation of the transfer of heavy industry on Peripherals, preservation in central areas of light industry enterprises, certain types of accurate assembly plants, providing the possibility of placing a significant amount of new construction and reconstruction in industrial zones adjacent to railway and road nodes. This ensures the interconnected city planning functional and planning development of industrial zones through its coordination with strategic economic activities, in particular with advanced and reasonable sources of attracting investments and the form of their spatial implementation.

5. Rules for land use and development on the city planning zoning map provides for the allocation of recreational purposes, which usually include three categories of recreation areas and open areas: zones intended for active sports, physical culture, tourism and other recreation areas; The zones of passive recreation and the preservation of the natural environment, as well as the location zones of large arrays of open recreational spaces (aquatic and landscaled spaces).

Depending on the specifics of the municipal formation, the natural and historical features of its formation, more or fewer zones of this category can be allocated. More stringent requirements are imposed on the formation of recreational zones of special species, in particular to historical landscapes and natural protection objects. In these cases, the territory should be differentiated in such a way that the functional use of the territory for sports, healthy rest and other types of land use related to rest has not disturbed the current recreational system.

As part of zones of recreational purposes, it is necessary to distinguish between the types of active recreation areas, determined depending on the magnitude of the zonored territories and the nature of the recreational processes. In some cases, priorities of urban planning activities are to stimulate the processes of maximum saving natural landscape, and accordingly, the purpose of the spatial transformation of the territories of such zones is to limit the degree of intervention and the formation of the so-called "preserved recreations". In other cases, on the contrary, active interference is allowed in the current medium, targeted formation of various objects intended for mass recreation of the population.

In the territories of this type, parks, squares, gardens, open sports grounds, sites for the construction of campgrounds and picnics can be placed, with some auxiliary land use. On the territory of these zones, due to the presence of special natural climatic and geographical features, it is advisable to place recreational facilities (sanatoriums, holiday homes, preservation, resort facilities, sports facilities and stadiums, as well as other similar major capital construction objects). At the same time, to obtain permits for the construction of designated recreational facilities, it is necessary to pass the special procedure of public hearings, in the process of which many project components are agreed, including the capacity of the object, its location, the number of parking, the degree of interaction with the environment. The main factor affecting the choice of the priority type of urban use of the territory within the active recreation areas is the implementation of a complex of recreational functions. In general, during the separation of zones, they strive to ensure that the recreational function prevailed in the territory. At the same time, within these zones, some small commercial land uses, cafes and other service facilities for visitors can be located.

In the zones of passive recreation and nature conservation, the main types of use of the territory are the organization of parks, places for walking and similar open public land use. According to a special permit, the planning organization of the territory for the occupation of some sports, recreation and the provision of services for visitors can be allowed, but the areas associated with them must be limited in size. For such natural territories, a nature of nature monument or a similar area of \u200b\u200bpreserving a landscape can be created, which very strictly limits any active types of land use or construction.

6. Special attention in the process of developing a map of urban zoning of the territory of the municipality should be given to the allocation of areas of specially protected areas related to the protection of monuments of history and culture and environmental protection.

The ratio of zones in which the legal regulation is carried out related to the preservation of historical and cultural valuesAs well as environmental protection, represents the problem in all municipalities of Russia, introducing the zoning system for two reasons. First, there is an intersection of authority for a number of procedural and other essential issues of state authorities and local governments. Secondly, it is difficult to adapt the fundamental concept of zoning relative to the protected zones by applying it in a similar way (by applying rules to the entire zone), while to ensure the greatest preservation of cultural heritage and environmental protection, the requirements of differentiated zoning are nominated .

In land use and development rules, two methods for determining zones are used historical meanings, permitted types of land use, development parameters and oversight procedures.

In some urban districts, the zone of historical significance is determined in the list of types of land use of other zones - residential, social and business and some other. In other cities, one or more additional cards are created, on which historical zones and environmental areas are shown. These (auxiliary) cards are designed to impose them on the main zoning card. In this process, it is necessary to take into account special requirements and restrictions as an additional set of conditions for zonal permits and design permits for the implementation of capital construction facilities.

The appearance of this zone in the commented article 35 is one of the new RF GRK compared to the old town planning code of the Russian Federation of 1998. It should be emphasized that the creation, for example, in the urban district within the settlement of a specially protected natural territory (for example, a dendrological park or national Park) It does not entail the appearance within the boundaries of the land of land settlements of the land plot from the composition of the land category of specially protected areas (hereinafter referred to as OPT) and the objects provided for by the head of the XVII RF RF. In this case, this conclusion follows from Art. 83 RC RF, according to which the land of settlements are recognized as land used and intended for the development and development of urban and rural settlements and their trained feature from land of other categories. " Therefore, there is an internal contradiction in the RF RC, since paragraph 5 of Article of which implies the possibility of creating "other lands of specially protected natural territories", including the composition of those, in particular, city forests and city parks.

This problem is perhaps the commented article 35 of the GRK of Russia. Since urban-planning legislation determines the legal regime, mainly the categories of land settlements, and the environmental and legal regime of the PAs, which may well be within the settlements (settlements), then the conflicts of the legal regimes established by sectoral affiliates are permitted by education In urban districts and other municipalities of a separate territorial zone with their urban planning regulations.

The planning of modern apartments found a reflection of the American style, called Loft, uniting in one room sector of different functionality - bedrooms, living room, dining room, etc. (for example, studio apartments). However, a person is typical of the desire to some extent to separate his own privacy, and the euphoria from the acquisition of a one-room apartment cools somewhat when it comes to think about the rational use of the entire space.

Therefore, the current and truly working direction in the device of the modern interior was the division of the common room of the room on the zone - for receiving guests, cooking and sleep. Let's talk about ways of zoning and tools for their implementation.

Basics of combining areas of different functionality

The first thing to be taken into account in the upcoming work is the layout and location of the room to the sides of the light, the degree of illumination, the number of windows. In the process of zoning the room on the bedroom and the living room there are such rules:

the bedroom must be located far from the entrance;
the guide for it is the window required for the influx of fresh air and ensure a normal rest;
the recreation area is considered properly organized if there is no passage.

Tip! The bed in the recreation area is installed at some distance from the window. This will avoid cold and beautifully decorate window openings.

Done separation techniques

Opportunities to distinguish between zones carrying various functions, many, but in each case, they are guided by the common style of the room and its area. The designers of the premises note that different zones are still combined with a common space and cannot conflict among themselves, and the separation element should be organically fit into the interior.

\u003e IMPORTANT! To create harmony and comfort, furniture, as well as decorating elements of one color orientation, use in the situation of both zones of the room.

So, consider possible zoning options:

partitions (mobile or stationary);
arches;
racks;
cabinets;
shirma;
sliding door coupe;
curtains.

And now more about each of the listed items.

Partitions

For the manufacture of a partition, with which the zoning of the room is carried out, almost any building material - brick, foam blocks, aerated concrete can be used. It can be low or deaf, with built-in niches or other additional decorating details. But, if sound insulation for the bed sector is not important, it is easier to install a partition from sheet carcarter sheets on a metal frame.

Important! Installation of partitions is suitable only for impressive rooms, in rooms with a small square they will look clumsily and cumbersome.

But for modern studios, the device of stationary partitions is not the most correct solution, because the layout of such apartments makes the main focus on the absence of wall-partitions. If it is necessary to build this element in a room with a large area, the space is brazed so that in each part of the room it was at least one window. If this is not possible, and part of the room remains without natural light, rationally install the light-resistant partition, for example, glass. This partition can be built from a matte glass of various textures and shades, or make the author's stained glass window. When using a completely transparent glass, the partition is complemented by a tight tissue curtain.

Important! Glass for partition should be durable - special or tempered. This minimizes the danger of injury.

The separation elements are not necessarily made stationary, there are many mobile versions. For example, glass or any other partitions in a metal framework are perfectly coping with the assigned functions, but they are not attached to the basis not "tight", allowing you to redeem the space or remove this one who has become an unnecessary object. Modern and stylish zoning reception and design element are framed in a metal frame of photocartines, installed as partitions.

Curtains

You can separate the sleeping area from the living room with the curtains. A variety of designer textile ideas is huge. Curtains can be flying and translucent, drop-down soft folds, or dense heavy porters.

Tip! The belonging of the separation and window curtains to one color scheme will make it easier for the visual perception of the common space of the room. But fabric textures can be absolutely different - it will emphasize the separation of zones.

A magnificent solution to the separation of a particular sector is such a designer reception as curtains from different-dimensional beads, bamboo, copyright balls, etc.

Stellagi.

The rack is a lightweight and no less decorative variant of the separation of space. This reception is universal and comes to rooms of any area due to its transparency and functionality - working the boundaries separator, it carries and practical load - as a rule, all the rack sections are filled with books, magazines, photographs, and other trifles.

Tip! For some kind of decisive, a sharp boundary between the zones is desirable to choose the author's racks of unusual forms.

Arki.

These light structures are usually arcuate, traditional and universal. They organically fit into the room of any square, decorating it and divided into functional zones. Materials used to erect arched spans are diverse: there are plasterboard, decorative lattices, stained glass and dr.

Sliding doors

Installation of such a door is a widespread designer reception, haunting two goals at the same time: the decor and separation of the room into two zones. The fulfillment of such a mobile partition in the mirror version or using stained glass will give the living room known elegance, and the recreation area can be isolated tightly. In addition, the use of mirror surfaces visually increase the small area of \u200b\u200bthe room.

Shirm

Mobile separating elements include various portable shirms representing the structure from several interconnected frame frames. They occupy a little space, but functionally work, distinguishing zones. Especially relevant use of shirm in rooms with a small area.

Tip! Visito shirma, fully closing the bedroom zone, but not reaching the ceiling, retain the visual integrity of the room.

Participate in the separation of space and factors as the color, the texture of finishing materials and decor elements, the difference in the height of the room, the corresponding placement of furniture.

Color as a way of separating residential space

Harmonize in one room different on the functionality of the sector will help color. We have sunk in the summer when all the walls were covered with the wallpaper of one shade and the same texture.

Separation of dwellings on the zone using color - the reception is simple and complex at the same time. Both of these hypostasis become understandable at the stage of choosing color solutions, i.e. at the stage of repair or primary decoration of the apartment. The main problem is the selection of colors corresponding to the owner's preferences and suitable for a particular space.

Important! Colors for two zones must be contrasting, but well-combined with each other. The distinction of shades on the warm and cold in this case is very successfully working, and the choice of basic colors from different colors (heat-cold) will require a lot of effort to harmonize the overall space of the room.

Zoning of the room in height

The difference in the height of the interiors of various functional zones is another cardinal and very successful designer reception, available exclusively during the repair process, since it involves conducting impressive work. The essence of this method is to change the ceiling level over a specific zone. In this case, on the floor, a peculiar division is carried out, usually applying various materials of the floor finish, for example, laminate in the living room, and the linoleum in the bedroom.

A more efficient way is the podium device. Such designs from drywall or wood are capable of changing the room beyond recognition.

Cabinets and furniture "Transformer"

Since the objectives of the zoning of the room are the rational placement of furniture, then it participates not only in creating the maximum comfort of living, but also often assumes the functions of zonal distinction. The use of cabinets at the joint sectors not only divides the space, but also solves everyday problems - it is a wardrobe.

Creating furniture blocks capable of transforming, forming various geometric designs - a new, but a very decent solution to the separation of the room. Such elements turn into a closet, a tube or chest, perfectly fitting with home space. Mobility and ease of erection of the furniture partition at the borders of the sectors is the main advantage of this method of zoning.

Listing the basic methods of delimitation of dwellings, we note that only general recommendations on the device are different from the functionality of the sectors. Any room is inherent in certain features, emphasizing which, experienced designer will create a single interior with a zoned space, working as a living organism with the proper activity of all systems.