Traitors and executioners of the Second World War. Traitors to the motherland or the Russian Church under German rule during the Second World War

May 15, 2015, 06:53

Alex Lyuty (Yukhnovsky Alexander Ivanovich)

He served in the “branch of the Gestapo”, threw Soviet people into the pit of the mine, which became the largest mass grave in the world, and then got to high positions in Moscow ...

Alex Fierce committed especially many bloody atrocities in Kadievka (now the city of Stakhanov, Luhansk region). It seemed that he did everything to avoid responsibility for war crimes. But a couple of decades after the war, the exposure happened. And she did it in the capital of the USSR, surprisingly, a woman from Kadiev. And the documents of the investigation in the case of Alex Fierce were declassified only recently.

A native of Kadievka, Vera Kravets graduated from a Moscow university and then finally settled in the capital. Once on the street, she accidentally ran into an imposing middle-aged man and dropped a stack of books from her hands. The man apologized and helped the woman pick up the books that were scattered on the sidewalk.

For a moment they looked into each other's eyes. The man did not recognize Vera. But she immediately realized that this was the same Alex Lyuty, who, during the war in Stakhanov, beat and tortured her, a twelve-year-old girl, accusing her of having links with the partisans, and then, completely exhausted, threw her into the mine pit. Faith miraculously remained alive and even crawled to the surface.

Photo from the criminal case

Trying to keep her composure, Vera Kravets thanked the "stranger" and decided to quietly follow him. I saw that he went to the editorial office of the newspaper "Red Warrior". I asked the janitor, who was sweeping the garbage near the front door, who this man was. The janitor replied: "Respected by all, the editor-in-chief of the Krasny Warrior newspaper, Alexander Yuryevich Mironenko."

After that, Vera went to the KGB.

The investigator could not immediately believe what the woman was telling. Nothing matched the documents that Mironenko had. Alexander Yuryevich was at the front throughout the war. He reached the very lair of the fascist beast. He has many awards, including the Order of Glory, medals "For the victory over Germany", "For the capture of Berlin" and others. Mironenko served in the Soviet army until October 1951. After graduating from the regimental school, he was a squad leader and assistant platoon commander in a reconnaissance company, head of record keeping, and a staff clerk. In 1946, 21-year-old Mironenko joined the Komsomol, he was elected to the local bureau of the Komsomol. He wrote articles for newspapers, denouncing fascism and glorifying our valiant victorious warriors. Given the talents of Alexander, he was seconded to the newspaper "Soviet Army". In the editorial office, Mironenko worked in the international department, because he knew Ukrainian, Russian, Polish and German and. After demobilization, Alexander and his wife came to Moscow and made a quick journalistic career here.

Having expressed his doubts to Vera that she was not mistaken, because many years had passed after the war, the investigator nevertheless decided to take up the verification of the data relating to Mironenko's biography.

The investigator made an inquiry regarding the circumstances of awarding Alexander Mironenko with the Order of Glory. A discouraging answer came from the archive: there is no Alexander Yuryevich Mironenko in the lists of those awarded the Order of Glory ...

When the Great Patriotic War began, Sasha Yukhnovsky was 16 years old. His father, a former officer in the Petliura army, worked as an agronomist in the Romensky district of the Sumy region. The elder Yukhnovsky hated the Soviet regime, and when the Germans captured Ukraine, he was incredibly happy about this. On the instructions of the invaders, he formed the local police, where he attached his son as a translator. Sasha immediately began to make progress in establishing the "new order" established by the Nazis. He was enlisted for all types of allowance, he was given a gun.

Soon, Alexander Yukhnovsky, for his special zeal in the fight against the enemies of the Reich, was transferred to the GFP, which was considered honorable by the police. Yukhnovsky ends up in Kadievka, Luhansk region. Here he excelled so much in torturing and tormenting local residents suspected of having links with partisans or underground fighters that even the most notorious thugs from the Gestapo were amazed. For this, Alexander Yukhnovsky was nicknamed Alex the Fierce, moreover, both the Germans and the residents of Kadievka at the same time, of course, without saying a word.

KGB investigators began to study the archives of GFP-721, where they found information about Yukhnovsky, who was remarkably similar to Mironenko. Enough data has survived to be horrified by what is listed there, and to find bloodthirsty traitors. The Germans recorded in detail in their reports to the command of the "branch of the Gestapo" how many people were arrested, interrogated, beaten, executed. The mine 4-4-bis "Kalinovka" of the Donetsk region also figured there, to the pit of which the executed and the living were brought from all over the considerable district, including from Kadievka.

There were numerous witnesses to the crimes of the Nazis and their accomplices, who often threw the living and the dead into the pit, driving crowds of people to the place of execution. Locksmith Avdeev said: “In May 1943, two German officers pulled a 10-12 year old girl out of a car and dragged her to the mine shaft. She resisted with all her might and shouted: “Oh, uncle, don’t shoot!” The screams went on for a long time. Then I heard a shot and the girl stopped screaming.” Another locksmith reported how two living children were thrown into the mine. The watchman saw how women with babies were brought to the pit. Mothers were killed, babies were thrown alive into the pit after them. Mining engineer Alexander Polozhentsev also flew into the pit alive. Falling, he grabbed the rope, swaying, moved into the wall niche, in which he hid until the dark night. Then he climbed up.

In such atrocities, Alex the Fierce always stood out before the German masters. Witness Khmil cannot forget: “Yukhnovsky beat the woman on the head and back with a rubber truncheon, and kicked her in the lower abdomen, dragged her by the hair. Approximately two hours later, I saw how Yukhnovsky, together with other employees of the GUF, dragged this woman from the interrogation room into the corridor, she could not walk or stand. There was blood running between her legs. I asked Sasha not to beat me, said that he was not guilty of anything, even knelt before him, but he was inexorable. The interpreter Sasha interrogated and beat me with passion, with initiative.”

Caustic soda was poured into the shaft to compact and compact human bodies. Before the retreat, the Germans filled up the mine shaft ...

After the liberation of Donbass, the mines that had been idle during the occupation began to be restored. First of all, of course, they removed the bodies of executed Soviet people. No one expected that such an incredibly huge number of people were buried in the Kalinovka mine. Of the 365 meters deep of the mine, 330 meters were littered with corpses. The width of the pit is 2.9 meters.

According to rough estimates, Kalinovka became the place of execution of 75 thousand people. Neither before nor since has there been such a mass grave anywhere on our planet. Only 150 people were identified.

Be that as it may, in the summer of 1944, the fate of Alex Lyuty took a sharp turn: in the Odessa region, he lagged behind the GFP-721 convoy and after some time appeared at the field recruiting office of the Red Army, calling himself Mironenko. And one can only speculate: did this happen due to military confusion or in pursuance of the orders of the owners?

Mironenko-Yukhnovsky served in the Soviet army from September 1944 to October 1951 - and served well. He was a squad leader, a platoon commander in a reconnaissance company, head of the office of a motorcycle battalion, then a clerk of the headquarters of the 191st Rifle and 8th Guards Mechanized Divisions.

He was awarded the medal "For Courage", medals for the capture of Koenigsberg, Warsaw, Berlin. As colleagues recalled, he was distinguished by considerable courage and composure. In 1948, Mironenko-Yukhnovsky was seconded to the disposal of the Political Directorate of the Group of Soviet Occupation Forces in Germany (GSOVG). There he worked in the editorial office of the newspaper "Soviet Army", printed translations, articles, poems. Published in Ukrainian newspapers - for example, in Prykarpatskaya Pravda.

He also worked on the radio: Soviet and German. During his service in the Political Administration, he received numerous thanks, and, by a bitter twist of fate, for speeches and journalism that exposed fascism.

After demobilization, he moved to Moscow and got married. From that moment on, Yukhnovsky began to make a smooth and successful career, albeit not swift, but steadily rising to the top.

And everywhere he was noted with thanks, diplomas, encouragements, successfully promoted, became a member of the Union of Journalists of the USSR. Translated from German, Polish, Czech. In 1962, for example, his translation of the book by the Czechoslovak writer Radko Pytlik "Fighting Yaroslav Gashek" was published - and an excellent translation, it should be noted.

By the mid-70s, he, already an exemplary family man and father of an adult daughter, became the head of the editorial office of the publishing house of the Ministry of Civil Aviation. The publishing house "Voenizdat" accepted for publication a book of his memoirs about the war, written, as reviewers noted, fascinatingly and with great knowledge of the matter, which, however, is not surprising, since Mironenko-Yukhnovsky was an actual participant in many events ...

The editors of the Red Warrior were shocked by the arrest of their editor-in-chief and especially by the fact that he was accused. I didn’t want to believe in such a thing, but I had to believe it, because Mironenko confessed to everything, although far, far from immediately. He denied for a long time, they say, joining the police, he was only an executor of someone else's will - first his father, then the Germans. He claimed that he did not take part in the executions. But the witnesses gave different facts. It was impossible to disprove them. Investigators carried out work in 44 settlements, where HFP-721 left its bloody traces. Yukhnovsky-Fierce-Mironenko was everywhere remembered with horror.

A trial was held, and a verdict was delivered that left no doubt.

Already in the 2000s, this case, being among the declassified ones, suddenly became famous in its own way. Suffice it to say that three books were dedicated to him: Felix Vladimirov's "The Price of Treason", Heinrich Hoffmann's "Gestapo Officer" and Andrei Medvedenko's "You Can't Not Come Back". It even formed the basis of as many as two films: one of the series of the documentary series "Nazi Hunters" and a film from the series "Investigation" on the NTV channel, called "Nicknamed" Fierce ".

Antonina Makarova (Tonka the machine gunner)

On August 11, 1979, the sentence was carried out to the executioner of the Lokotsky self-government - Antonina Makarova-Ginzburg, nicknamed "Tonka the machine gunner", the only woman in the world - the killer of 1,500 people.

Makarova, being a nurse in 1941, was surrounded and after a 3-month wandering through the Bryansk forests ended up in the Lokotsky district.

A 20-year-old girl became an executioner, every morning from a machine gun polished by the owner, shooting people - partisans, sympathizers, their families (children, teenagers, women, old people). After the execution, Tonya Makarova finished off the wounded and collected women's things she liked. And in the evening, having washed off the blood stains, dressed up, she went to the officers' club to find herself another friend for the night.

Makarova is the only female punisher shot in the USSR.

The first time Makarova was killed after drinking moonshine. She was caught on the street, ragged, dirty and homeless by local police. They warmed them up, gave them a drink, and, handing a machine gun in their hands, took them out into the yard. Completely drunk, Tonya did not really understand what was happening and did not resist. But when I saw 30 marks in my hand (good money), I was delighted and agreed to cooperate. Makarova was given a bed at the stud farm and told to go “to work” in the morning.

Tonya quickly got used to the “work”: “I did not know those whom I shoot. They didn't know me. Therefore, I was not ashamed in front of them. Sometimes you shoot, you come closer, and someone else twitches. Then again she shot in the head so that the person would not suffer. Sometimes a few prisoners had a piece of plywood hung on their chests with the inscription "Partisan". Some people sang something before they died. After the executions, I cleaned the machine gun in the guardroom or in the yard. There were plenty of cartridges ... "; “It seemed to me that the war would write everything off. I was just doing my job for which I was paid. It was necessary to shoot not only partisans, but also members of their families, women, teenagers. I tried not to think about it…”

At night, Makarova loved to walk around the former stable, converted by the police into a prison - after brutal interrogations, those sentenced to death were taken there and the girl Tonya spent hours peering into the faces of the people whom she was to take their lives in the morning.

Immediately after the war, Makarova happily escaped retaliation - at the moment when the Soviet troops were advancing, she discovered a venereal disease and the Germans ordered Tonya to be sent to their distant rear - to be treated (as a valuable shot?). When the Red Army entered Lokot, only a huge mass grave of 1,500 people remained from the “Tonka the machine gunner” (passport data was established for 200 dead - the death of these people formed the basis of the absentee charge of the punisher Antonina Makarova, born in 1921, presumably a resident of Moscow - nothing more was known about the executioner).

For more than thirty years, the KGB officers have been looking for the killer. All Antonina Makarovs born in the Soviet Union in 1921 were checked (there were 250 of them). But "Tonka the machine-gunner disappeared."

In 1976, a Moscow official by the name of Parfyonov processed documents for traveling abroad. Filling out the questionnaire, he listed the passport details of his brothers and sisters - 5 people. All were Parfenovs and only one - Antonina Makarovna Makarova, since 1945 Ginzburg (by her husband), living in Belarus, in the city of Lepel.

They became interested in Parfyonov's sister, Antonina Ginzburg, and for a year they were monitoring her, fearing in vain to slander ... a veteran of the Second World War! Receiving all the benefits due, regularly speaking at the invitation of schools and labor collectives, an exemplary wife and mother of two children! I had to take witnesses to Lepel for secret identification (including some of Tonka's fellow policemen serving their sentences and lovers).

When Makarova-Gunzburg was arrested, she told how she fled from a German hospital, realizing that the war was over - the Nazis were leaving, married a front-line soldier, straightened her veteran's documents and hid in a small, provincial Lepel. Tonka slept well, nothing tormented her: “What nonsense, that then remorse is tormented. That those you kill come at night in nightmares. I still haven't dreamed of one."

They shot 55-year-old Makarova-Ginzburg early in the morning, rejecting all petitions for pardon. What came as a complete surprise to her (!), She complained to the prison guards more than once: “They disgraced me in my old age, now after the verdict I will have to leave Lepel, otherwise every fool will poke a finger at me. I think they will give me three years probation. For what more? Then you need to somehow re-arrange life. And how much is your salary in the pre-trial detention center, girls? Maybe I can get a job with you - the work is familiar ... "!

There was about Makarova on Gossip in 2013.

Leonty Tisler

For an increase in pension in Estonia, a former policeman needs confirmation of his cooperation with the Nazis

In the regional department of the FSB in the Pskov region, sometimes surprising documents are stored. Among them is the correspondence with a resident of the former Estonian Republic, Leonty Andreevich Tisler. The first letter from this strange folder is dated October 5, 1991. In it, a resident of the city of Viljandi applied to the law enforcement agencies of the Pskov region with a request for rehabilitation.
“I was arrested on October 26, 1950,” Leonty Andreevich wrote, “in the village of Väläotsa, now the Estonian collective farm. The investigation was conducted in Pskov. In January 1951, a military tribunal sentenced me on the basis of Art. 58-1 "a" to 25 years in prison with disqualification. The crime scene was the village of Domkino, where mostly Estonians lived. I was accused of fighting against the partisans, but in fact we were protecting our property and livestock from the robbery of the so-called partisans. They set fire to the village, there was shooting, they killed 7 people (women). From September 1943 I lived in Estonia... From October 1944 to April 1948 I served in Soviet army as part of the Estonian Corps, participated in the battles in Courland until the end of the war. Veteran, certificate No. 509861 dated December 15, 1980. Followed by a signature and a number.

The regional prosecutor's office immediately got involved in the case. A special group of highly qualified lawyers, who still continue to review cases related to rehabilitation, also took up the Tisler case. A weighty volume numbered 2275, begun on October 22, 1950, was brought to light on charges of Elmar Khindrikson (born 1911), Eduard Kollam (born 1919), Leonty Tisler (born 1924), Ewald Yuhkoma (born 1922) and Eric Oinas in treason against the Motherland. Decision on arrest, testimonies, interrogations of the accused, their photographs, fingerprints, investigative report. Everything is neatly filed and documented. From it, meticulous jurists learned that Leonty Andreevich, an eighteen-year-old guy, voluntarily (this was confirmed by his personal confession and numerous testimonies) joined the Estonian punitive detachment - EKA, received a rifle, ammunition. At first he carried out guard duty (he guarded the oil plant, the water pump), and then he took part in military operations against partisans. So, in the battle near the village of Zadora, two people's avengers were killed. And then there were punitive operations in the villages of Novaya Zhelcha, Stolp, Sikovitsy, Dubok, and a round-up in Novy Aksovo. By the way, during the last five were destroyed, as Leonty Andreevich will write later in his letter, "the so-called partisans." As for the attack on Domkino, the forced defense of their property and livestock, which Tisler wrote about, none of the defendants and witnesses even mentioned this in the case.

Unfortunately, Tisler did not explain in his letter why he, along with other punishers, when the front began to approach Strugi Krasny, leaving his rifles, disappeared into the deep German rear. On the territory of Estonia, in the end, he was found and detained. Having carefully considered all the materials, including testimonies, the prosecutor's office admitted that "citizen Tisler was convicted reasonably and is not subject to rehabilitation."

That may have ended the matter, if not for a new letter, which was sent to the archive of the FSB of the Russian Federation for the Pskov region on January 22, 1998. Here it is:
“I, Tisler Leonty Andreevich, was born on January 8, 1925 in the village of Domkino-1, Strugokrasnensky district Leningrad region. I am turning to you with a question: do you have documents proving that I worked in the village of Domkino-1 as a headman from June 28, 1941 to August 30, 1943? I wrote about this to the St. Petersburg archive, from where I was informed in response on December 23, 1997 that there were no such documents there, and they sent me to the archive of the FSB department for the Pskov region. Please tell me what documents are in the archive ... "
And the state machine started working again. An archival certificate was sent to the city of Viljandi, where Tisler lives, which confirmed that “in Pskov, the FSB of Russia in the Pskov region has an archival criminal case against Tisler Leonty Andreevich, who was convicted by the military tribunal of the troops of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs in the Pskov region on January 11, 1951 under Art. 58-1 "a" to 25 years in prison, which states that from June 1942 to August 1943 Tisler L.A. served as headman in the village of Domkino-1.
A year has passed, and again a letter arrives in Pskov from the restless Leonty Andreevich. He thanked the department for the assistance provided, but immediately complained that the archival certificate did not say anything about the fact that, while working as a headman, he received ... money.
“...Here this is not taken into account in the length of service, because supposedly the position was voluntary and free, where there was no monthly and annual salary, that is, a salary. I explain, - Tisler continued, - that no one would go for free two or three times a month to an area 50 km away one way. I received from the agricultural commandant's office 120... or 130 marks a month, I don't remember the exact figure. Therefore, my request to you will be this: ...confirm that I was paid for this work. Then I hope to get an increase in ... pension.
After such a frank confession, it becomes completely clear where Tisler's persistence comes from. What does he ultimately achieve?
In the early 1990s, when illegally repressed citizens were being rehabilitated en masse, Leonty Andreevich tried to demand forgiveness for his betrayal. But time has passed, the political situation has changed, and Tisler already considers it possible to turn to the archives again with a request to confirm this time his ... police experience (!!!), maybe he will be able to bargain for an increase in his pension - a makeweight for those thirty pieces of silver that he regularly received from the Nazis. That is why the former policeman immediately remembered the “honestly earned” occupation stamps, from which, by the way, he categorically denied during interrogations in 1950.

Now it is hardly possible to get an intelligible answer to the question: why, having felt the imminent decline of his police career in 1943, he threw down his rifle and fled from the EKA to the territory of Estonia, and when he was drafted into the ranks of the Soviet Army, hid that he served the Nazis. Yes, Tisler really took part in the hostilities and already in Soviet times, having served time for his betrayal, he enjoyed all the rights of a veteran of the Great Patriotic War! But times have changed, and he is already trying to get documentary evidence that, being an active accomplice of the Nazis, he received monetary allowances for his zeal. That is why Tisler again asked to send documents, where he asked to indicate that "he served in the police of the Strugokrasnensky district from October 1942 to August 1943, since he needed the document to present it to officials of state bodies." The answer prepared by the head of the unit V. A. Ivanov was laconic:
“Dear Leonty Andreevich! In response to your application, we inform you that the issuance of certificates and extracts from archival criminal cases, in accordance with Article 11 of the RSFSR Law “On the Rehabilitation of Victims of Political Repressions”, is carried out if the persons involved in the case are rehabilitated, therefore it is not possible to fulfill your request ".

National legions: 14 Turkestan, 8 Azerbaijani, 7 North Caucasian, 8 Georgian, 8 Armenian, 7 Volga-Tatar battalions

Volga-Tatar Legion ("Idel-Ural")

The formal ideological basis of the legion was the fight against Bolshevism and the Jews, while the German side deliberately spread rumors about the possible creation of the Idel-Ural Republic.

Since the end of 1942, an underground organization has been operating in the legion, which set as its goal the internal ideological decomposition of the legion. The underground printed anti-fascist leaflets distributed among the legionnaires.

For participation in an underground organization on August 25, 1944, 11 Tatar legionnaires were guillotined in the Plötzensee military prison in Berlin.

The actions of the Tatar underground led to the fact that of all the national battalions, it was the Tatars who were the most unreliable for the Germans, and it was they who fought the least against Soviet troops.

Cossack camp (Kosakenlager)

Military organization during the Great Patriotic War, which united the Cossacks in the Wehrmacht and the SS.
In October 1942, in Novocherkassk, occupied by German troops, with the permission of the German authorities, a Cossack gathering was held, at which the headquarters of the Don Cossacks was elected. The organization of Cossack formations as part of the Wehrmacht begins, both in the occupied territories and in the emigrant environment. The Cossacks took an active part in the suppression of the Warsaw Uprising in August 1944.

Warsaw, August 1944. Nazi Cossacks suppress the Polish uprising. In the center is Major Ivan Frolov along with other officers. The soldier on the right, judging by the stripes, belongs to the Russian Liberation Army (ROA) of General Vlasov.

In October 1942, in Novocherkassk, occupied by German troops, with the permission of the German authorities, a Cossack gathering was held, at which the headquarters of the Don Cossacks was elected. The organization of Cossack formations as part of the Wehrmacht begins, both in the occupied territories and in the emigrant environment.

Georgian Legion (Die Georgische Legion)

Connection of the Reichswehr, later the Wehrmacht. The legion existed from 1915 to 1917 and from 1941 to 1945.

At its first creation, it was staffed by volunteers from among the Georgians who were captured during the 1st World War. During the Second World War, the legion was replenished with volunteers from among the Soviet prisoners of war of Georgian nationality.
From the participation of Georgians and other Caucasians in other units, a special detachment for propaganda and sabotage "Bergman" - "Highlander" is known, which consisted of 300 Germans, 900 Caucasians and 130 Georgian emigrants, who constituted a special unit of the Abwehr "Tamara II", founded in Germany in March 1942.

The unit included agitators and consisted of 5 companies: 1st, 4th, 5th Georgian; 2nd North Caucasian; 3rd - Armenian.

Since August 1942, "Bergman" - "Highlander" acted in the Caucasian theater - carried out sabotage and agitation in the Soviet rear in the Grozny and Ishchersk directions, in the area of ​​​​Nalchik, Mozdok and Mineralnye Vody. During the period of fighting in the Caucasus, 4 rifle companies were formed from defectors and prisoners - Georgian, North Caucasian, Armenian and mixed, four cavalry squadrons - 3 North Caucasian and 1 Georgian.

Latvian SS Volunteer Legion

This formation was part of the SS troops, and was formed from two SS divisions: the 15th Grenadier and the 19th Grenadier. In 1942, the Latvian civil administration, in order to help the Wehrmacht, offered the German side to create on a volunteer basis armed forces with a total strength of 100 thousand people, with the condition that Latvia's independence be recognized after the end of the war. Hitler rejected this offer. In February 1943, after the defeat of the German troops near Stalingrad, the Nazi command decided to form the Latvian national units as part of the SS.

On March 28 in Riga, each legionnaire took an oath:
"In the name of God, I solemnly promise in the fight against the Bolsheviks unlimited obedience to the Commander-in-Chief armed forces Germany to Adolf Hitler, and for this promise, as a brave warrior, I am always ready to give my life."

As a result, in May 1943, on the basis of six Latvian police battalions (16th, 18th, 19th, 21st, 24th and 26th) operating as part of Army Group North, the Latvian SS Volunteer Brigade was organized as part of the 1st and 2nd Latvian volunteer regiments. The division was directly involved in punitive actions against Soviet citizens in the territories of the Leningrad and Novgorod regions. In 1943, parts of the division participated in punitive operations against Soviet partisans in the areas of the cities of Nevel, Opochka and Pskov (3 km from Pskov, they shot 560 people).
The servicemen of the Latvian SS divisions also participated in the brutal murders of captured Soviet soldiers, including women.
Capturing prisoners, the German scoundrels staged a bloody massacre over them. According to reports, the brutal massacre of wounded Soviet soldiers and officers was carried out by soldiers and officers of one of the battalions of the 43rd rifle regiment 19th Latvian SS division. And so on in Poland, Belarus.

20th SS Grenadier Division (1st Estonian)

In accordance with the charter of the SS troops, recruitment was carried out on a voluntary basis, and those who wished to serve in this unit had to meet the requirements of the SS troops for health and ideological reasons. .It was allowed to accept the Baltic states to serve in the Wehrmacht and create from them special teams and volunteer battalions for anti-partisan struggle.

On October 1, 1942, the entire Estonian police force consisted of 10.4 thousand people, to which 591 Germans were seconded.
According to archival documents of the German command of that period, the 3rd Estonian SS Volunteer Brigade, together with other units of the German army, carried out punitive operations "Heinrik" and "Fritz" to eliminate Soviet partisans in the Polotsk-Nevel-Idritsa-Sebezh region, which were carried out in October -December 1943.

Turkestan legion

The formation of the Wehrmacht during the Second World War, which was part of the Eastern Legion and consisting of volunteer representatives of the Turkic peoples of the republics of the USSR and Central Asia (Kazakhs, Uzbeks, Turkmens, Kyrgyz, Uighurs, Tatars, Kumyks, etc.). The Turkestan Legion was created on November 15, 1941 under the 444th security division in the form of the Legion were not homogeneous in ethnic composition - in addition to the natives of Turkestan, Azerbaijanis and representatives of the North Caucasian peoples also served in it. At the end of the war, the Turkestan Legion joined the Eastern Turkic SS unit (numbering - 8 thousand).

North Caucasian Legion of the Wehrmacht (Nordkaukasische Legion), later the 2nd Turkestan Legion.

Armenian Legion (Armenische Legion)

The formation of the Wehrmacht, which consisted of representatives of the Armenian people.
The military goal of this formation was the state independence of Armenia from the Soviet Union. Armenian legionnaires were part of 11 battalions, as well as other units. The total number of legionnaires reached 18 thousand people.

Retired Major General Vorobyov Vladimir Nikiforovich, veteran of the Great Patriotic War and military intelligence, chairman of the Military Scientific Society at the state cultural and leisure institution "Central House of Officers of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus" (until 2012) writes:

"Today, the deliberate and deliberate falsification of the results of the Second World War and the Second World War in general, the historical victories of the Soviet people and its Red Army has increased significantly. The goal is obvious - to take away the Great Victory from us, to consign to oblivion those atrocities and atrocities that were committed by the Nazis and their accomplices, traitors and traitors to their homeland: Vlasov, Bandera, Caucasian and Baltic punishers. Today their barbarism is justified by the "struggle for freedom", "national independence". It looks blasphemous when the unfinished SS men from the Galicia division are in law, receive additional pensions, and their families are exempted from paying for housing and communal services. The day of the liberation of Lviv - July 27 was declared "a day of mourning and enslavement by the Moscow regime." Alexander Nevsky Street was renamed Andriy Sheptytsky, the Metropolitan of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, who in 1941 blessed the 14th SS Grenadier Division "Galicia" to fight the Red Army.

Today, the Baltic countries demand billions of dollars from Russia for " Soviet occupation". But have they forgotten that Soviet Union did not occupy them, but saved the honor of all three Baltic states from the inevitable fate of being part of the defeated Nazi coalition, granted them the honor to become part of the general system of the countries that defeated fascism. Lithuania in 1940 received back, previously selected by Poland, the Vilna region with the capital Vilnius. Forgotten! It is also forgotten that the Baltic countries since 1940. By 1991, to create their new infrastructure, they received from the Soviet Union (in today's prices) 220 billion dollars.

With the help of the Soviet Union, they created a unique high-tech production, built new power plants, incl. and nuclear, providing 62% of all energy consumed, ports and ferries (3 billion dollars), airfields (Siauliai - 1 billion dollars), created a new merchant fleet, built oil pipelines, completely gasified their countries. Forgotten! The events of January 1942 are consigned to oblivion, when on June 3, 1944, traitors to the Motherland burned down the village of Pirgupis and the village of Raseiniai together with the inhabitants. The village of Audrini in Latvia, where today the NATO air force base, suffered the same fate: 42 courtyards of the village, together with the inhabitants, were literally wiped off the face of the earth. The Rezekne police, led by a beast in the guise of a man Eichelis, already by July 20, 1942, managed to exterminate 5128 residents of Jewish nationality.

Latvian "fascist riflemen" from the SS troops annually on March 16 arrange a procession with a solemn march. A marble monument was erected to the executioner Echelis. For what? Former punishers, SS men from the 20th Estonian division and Estonian policemen, who became famous for the total extermination of Jews, thousands of Belarusians and Soviet partisans, every year on July 6 parade with banners around Tallinn, and celebrate the day of the liberation of their capital - September 22, 1944, like a day of mourning. Former SS Colonel Rebane, a granite monument was erected, to which children are brought to lay flowers. The monuments to our generals, liberators have long been destroyed, the graves of our brothers-in-arms patriots have been desecrated. In Latvia, in 2005, the vandals, unrestrained by impunity, already thrice (!) mocked the graves of the fallen soldiers of the Red Army.

Why, why do they desecrate the graves of the heroes-soldiers of the Red Army, destroy their marble slabs, kill them a second time? The West, the UN, the Security Council, Israel are silent, they are not taking any measures. Meanwhile, the Nuremberg Trials 11/20/1945-10/01/1946. for carrying out a conspiracy against Peace, humanity and the gravest war crimes, he sentenced Nazi war criminals not to be shot, but to be hanged. On December 12, 1946, the UN General Assembly upheld the validity of the sentence. Forgotten! Today in some countries of the CIS there is an exaltation, glorification of criminals, punishers and traitors. May 9 - a historical day, a day Great Victory is no longer celebrated - a working day, and even worse, a “day of mourning”.

The time has come to give a resolute rebuff to these deeds, not to praise, but to expose all those who, with weapons in their hands, became servants of the Nazis, committed atrocities, destroyed the elderly, women and children. The time has come to tell the truth about collaborators, enemy military, police units, traitors and traitors to the Motherland.

Betrayal and betrayal always and everywhere caused feelings of disgust and indignation, especially betrayal of the previously given oath, the military oath. These betrayals, the oath of crime, have no statute of limitations."

Traitors and traitors in the Great Patriotic War

The theme of collaborationism is betrayal and cooperation of Soviet citizens with the fascist invaders during the Great Patriotic War- is relevant, because those who betrayed the interests of their homeland, traitors, today are exalted, monuments are erected to them, they are considered spokesmen for protest against communism, the "Stalinist regime", fighters for freedom and independence. All this, of course, causes bewilderment and resolute protest of every honest person, especially veterans.Great Patriotic War.

Westerners-Democrats the theme of betrayal, voluntary service to the Nazis in the years Great Patriotic Wardon't care at all. But betrayal, betrayal of the Motherland always and everywhere causes feelings of disgust and contempt. Voluntary, at least short-term, cooperation with our sworn enemy cannot be justified by anything.

Let's tell the truth, the collaborationist movement in the territory of the Soviet Union temporarily occupied by the Germans was quite massive. According to various estimates, collaborators from among the dispossessed, convicted, dissatisfied with the Soviet regime, anti-Soviet emigrants, and, partly from prisoners of war of the Red Army, in the service of the Nazis in the Wehrmacht, police units, SS and SD, were from 1 to 2.5 million people.

Attack Nazi Germany the White émigré part of the population of Russia, officers, landlords and capitalists, who were not finished off and fled abroad, met with great enthusiasm. There was a desire to take revenge for the defeat in civil war, start a liberation campaign against the Bolsheviks now with the help of German bayonets.

A special, rather numerous category of traitors were natives of the Caucasus, the Baltic states, the German Volga region, as well as Russian emigrants in Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia. There were many former soldiers of the White Army: Kolchak, Wrangel, Denikin. All of them volunteered to serve Hitler, joining hostile military and police formations operating against the Red Army, Soviet, French, Yugoslav partisans on their own or as part of the Wehrmacht, Abwehr, SS and SD troops.

All this brotherhood was in demand by Hitler, as a military force that had experience in combat operations during the First World War and the fight against Soviet power in subsequent years.

1. The main unifying force of the campaign of Russian traitors against the Soviet Union was Russian All-Military Union (ROVS), which on September 12, 1941 in Belgrade creates a Separate Russian Corps (ORK) under the command of the chief of Russian emigration in Serbia, General of the Volunteer Russian Army M.F. Skorodumova. In the corps there were traitor volunteers from the 1st Cossack Regiment, from Bessarabia, Bukovina and even from Odessa. On January 29, 1943, the personnel of the ORC is sworn in: “I swear holy before God that in the fight against the Bolsheviks - the enemies of my Fatherland, I will render the Supreme Leader of Germany, Adolf Hitler, unconditional obedience and I will be ready, like a brave warrior, at any time sacrifice my life for this oath." Soldiers of the ORK wore Wehrmacht uniforms with the sleeve insignia "ROA" (Russian Liberation Army). The combat path of the ORK began in early 1944 against the Yugoslav partisans Broz Tito, and in September 1944 the corps joined the Russian Liberation Army of General Vlasov. The surviving 4.5 thousand ORC soldiers, after the defeat of the Red Army, capitulated to the British army and, having received the status of "displaced persons", fled to the USA, Canada, Australia. Today, the unfinished headquarters of the corps operates in the United States, has its own organ, the Union of Officials, and publishes the magazine Nashi Vesti, which is also published in Moscow.

The heavy losses suffered by the Germans on the Soviet-German front forced the German leadership to enlist Red Army prisoners of war in the fight against the Soviet Union. Voluntary entry into enemy formations for prisoners of war was the only way to save their lives, escape from inevitable death in a concentration camp, meaning later, at the first opportunity, in the first battle, go over to the side of the Red Army or to the partisans.

In March 1942, in the village of Osintorf (Belarus), the formation of the Russian National People's Army (RNNA) began, which initially included prisoners of war from the ZZ-th A, the 1st Cavalry Corps and the 4th Airborne Corps of the ZF. Deadly exhausted, exhausted Red Army soldiers after laundering, fattening were enrolled in the ranks. By August 1942, the RNNA numbered about 8 thousand people. It was proposed to command the army, who was in captivity, the commander of the 19th A ZF, Lieutenant General M.F. Lukin. But he resolutely refused to cooperate with the Germans. The army was accepted by the former commander of the 41st SD, Colonel Boyarsky. Parts of the RNNA took part in the hostilities against the 1st Caucasian Corps of P.A. Belov in May 1942.

The major defeat of the Germans at Stalingrad gave rise to ferment in parts of the RNNA. Soldiers en masse began to go over to the side of the Red Army and the partisans. And at the same time, traitors were found in the Red Army who voluntarily, without any resistance, surrendered to the Germans. These are not white emigrants and not prisoners of war, these are the worst enemies of the Soviet government, which raised and educated them, gave them high positions and high military ranks. This is Vlasov and the Vlasovites - the Russian Liberation Army (ROA).

The ROA was headed by a lieutenant general, commander of the 2nd Shock Army of the Volkhov Front, voluntarily offered his services to the Nazis on July 11, 1942 to fight their own people. A. Vlasov, in 1939 the commander of the 99th SD of the KOVO, was awarded the Order of Lenin. Since the beginning Great Patriotic Warhe is already the commander of the 4th MK, then he commands the 37th A, defending Kiev, and the 20th A, which is fighting near Moscow. Since March 1942 he has been in command of the 2nd Ud. And where in the village. Tukhovezh, Leningrad region, surrendered. On August 3, he turned to the German command with a proposal to create a ROA. In September 1944, after a meeting with the SS Reichsfuehrer Himmler, Vlasov forms two divisions of the ROA: "... the tasks of the divisions can only be solved in alliance and cooperation with Germany." The divisions entered the battle against the Red Army on April 13, 1945 near Furstenwalde on the Oder bridgehead, and in May 1945 in Czechoslovakia they were defeated and ceased to exist. The command of the ROA on May 11, 1945 was caught and arrested. August 1, 1946 12 traitors and traitors led by Vlasov were hanged. Despite the petition of the Commission for the Rehabilitation of A. Yakovlev in 2001 to reconsider the case of the Vlasovites, the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of Russia refused to rehabilitate the traitors to the Motherland.

Vlasov turned out to be a godsend for the Nazis, as the worst enemies of the Soviet people began to concentrate around him. Hitler did not have much confidence in Vlasov and the ROA, as well as in all Soviet people, believing, and not without reason, that under certain circumstances, at the first opportunity, they would break their promises and go over to the side of the Red Army. And it's true, there were a lot of such cases.

The betrayal of Vlasov and the Vlasovites laid bare all the meanness, vanity, careerism, selfishness and cowardice of a small number of servicemen - perjurers who faithfully served the sworn enemy of the Soviet people and all mankind - fascism.

During the Great Patriotic War in each infantry division of the Germans from white emigrants and prisoners of war, several infantry battalions "OST" were formed, which received the number of their division."Ost-battalions" fought the partisans, carried out security service. German officers were appointed battalion commanders, since the Germans did not have much confidence in the OST. Later, the battalions were transferred to Europe. The last "ost-battalion" was defeated by the Red Army in January 1945.

The larger Russian collaborationist formations were the eastern regiments and brigades. For example, the 2nd TA Guderian included the Desna volunteer regiment. In the Bobruisk region in June 1942, the 1st Eastern Reserve Regiment operated, in the Vitebsk region - the Kaminsky brigade and others.

At the headquarters of all Army Groups and Armies of the Wehrmacht on the Eastern Front, special headquarters were created for the commanders of special forces, who monitored the reliability of the formed units and conducted combat training with them.

In the summer of 1942, the Nazi troops entered the Cossack regions of the Don, Kuban, and Terek. Cossack structures received permission from the German authorities to form battalions, regiments and divisions. The 1st Cossack division, consisting of 11 regiments, 1200 bayonets each, in the spring of 1944 ended up in Belarus in the Baranovichi, Slonim, Novogrudok region, where they entered into battle with the partisans, and then with the advanced units of the Red Army. Having suffered significant losses, the division, by order of the atamans of the Cossack Camp Krasnov and Shkuro, is transferred to Italy, where on May 3 it capitulated to the British. Later, 16 thousand Cossacks were transferred to Novorossiysk, where they were tried by the Military Tribunal. Everyone got what they deserved.

Through the efforts of the leadership of the Main Department Cossack troops white generals P. Krasnov and A. Shkuro, the XV Cossack Cavalry Corps (KKK) is created as part of two divisions and the Plastun brigade. The formations fought with units of the Red Army until the end of the war. Only in May 1945 did they lay down their arms in Yugoslavia.

Special forces, which were formed only from among Russian emigrants, acted against the partisans and the Red Army. Disguised in the uniform of the Red Army, police or railway workers, having well-made documents, reconnaissance saboteurs were thrown into the rear of the Red Army. Penetrating into the rear, they conducted reconnaissance, committed major sabotage. A special place in the first days of the war was occupied by the 800th Special Purpose Regiment "Brandenburg". In the first hours of the war, saboteurs of the regiment in Kobrin and Brest disabled the power plant and water supply, interrupted the wire connection with Brest fortress, shot in the back, alerted to the commanders of the Brest garrison.

To create an insurrectionary movement in the Soviet rear and fight against partisans, as well as for the leadership of intelligence. sabotage activities on the Soviet-German front in June 1941, a headquarters was created in the Abwehr. A white émigré, a former officer of the tsarist army, General A. Smyslovsky, aka Major General of the German Army Arthur Homston, was appointed chief of staff. From this headquarters on the territory of Belarus in Minsk, Mogilev, Orsha, Slutsk, Baranovichi and Polotsk, residencies began to operate with a large number of agents who infiltrated the partisans and underground. With the approach of the Red Army troops, the residencies were ordered to remain in place to continue sabotage and reconnaissance. Those left to settle were selected from the elderly, the disabled, who were not subject to mobilization into the army. To communicate with these agents, safe houses, points with radio communications were created. By 1943, the total number of agents increased by more than 40 times. For this, Smyslovsky was awarded the Order of the German Eagle. Later, Smyslovsky became the Commander of the 1st Russian National Army (RNA), which received the status of an ally of the Wehrmacht.

In March 1942, to destabilize the Soviet rear, the Germans create another reconnaissance and sabotage body, the Zeppelin Enterprise. The front-line organs of the Zeppelin operated throughout the entire length of the Soviet-German front. In the same year, the Zeppelin organ created the 1st Russian National SS Brigade in the prisoner of war camp in Suwalki (Poland)., which in May 1943 was fighting fierce battles with the partisans of the Begoml zone, where it suffered heavy losses. In August 1943 the brigade under the command of Gil (2800 people) went over to the side of the partisans and entered into battle with the German invaders in Dokshitsy and Krulevshchizna, but already as part of the Zheleznyak brigade of the Polotsk-Lepel partisan zone. For these actions, V. Gil-Rodionov was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

The National Labor Union (NTS) operated on the temporarily occupied territory of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus. NTS was created back in 1930 from Russian emigration. The main goal of the union is the fight against Bolshevism by creating internal anti-Soviet underground organizations. The headquarters of the NTS was located in Berlin. The leadership of the NTS in Berlin concluded an agreement with the Abwehr on conducting joint actions against the Soviet Union in the upcoming armed conflict. Since the beginning Great Patriotic WarNTS groups appeared in Orsha, Gomel, Mogilev, Polotsk, Bobruisk, Borisov, Minsk and in 72 other cities of Russia and Ukraine. Close cooperation of the NTS was imposed with the traitors of General Vlasov.

In the spring of 1944, in Borisov and Bobruisk, the NTS created two nationalist organizations - the Union of Struggle Against Bolshevism and the Union of Belarusian Youth. The purpose of the created unions is "the struggle against Judeo-Bolshevism." Unstable former members of the CPSU(b) and VLKSM were accepted into the unions with a probationary period of 6 months. Those who "suffered" from the Soviet regime and those who were repressed were accepted as honorary members. Armed squads were created in the unions. All young people were obliged to join unions and squads, they were given weapons and uniforms. In connection with the approach of the Red Army troops, the activities of the NTS and the "unions" in the spring of 1944 were terminated.

2. In the western occupied regions of Belarus, where there were the largest number of nationalists, in the cities of Novogrudok, Baranovichi, Vileyka, Bialystok, collaborationist organizations of the Self-Defense (Samaakhovs) were created. In 1942, such formations were created throughout Belarus, designed mainly to fight partisans.

A larger formation against the Belarusian partisans was the "Belarusian Regional Defense" (BKA), led by the traitor Franz Kuschel, a former officer in the Polish army. The prisoner of war Kushel in the spring of 1941 was sent to Minsk under the supervision of the NKVD. From the first days Great Patriotic War he was a translator of the German field commandant's office, then, in October 1941, he created the "Belarusian Samaakhova Corps". The 1st division of the corps was stationed in Minsk, the 2nd - in Baranovichi, the 3rd - in Vileyka. The personnel of the corps took an oath: “I swear that side by side with a German soldier I will not let go of my arms until the last enemy of the Belarusian people is destroyed.” After the German front in Belarus collapsed in June 1944, the soldiers of the corps, throwing down their weapons, fled to their homes.

In the summer of 1942, the German leadership of the Minsk police began the formation of police battalions, sworn enemies of the partisans. In total, 20 battalions of 500 people each were formed, including the 48th battalion in Slonim, the 49th in Minsk, the 60th in Baranovichi, the 36th regiment in Urechye, etc. The battalions took an active part in major anti-partisan operations: "Cottbus" in the Lepel area, "Herman", "Swamp Fever", "Hamburg", etc. The hatred of the partisans for these formations was fanatical and immeasurable. On the hats of the traitors there was a cockade with the image of "Pursuit", and on the left sleeve - a white-red-white bandage.

On January 25, 1942, by order of Hitler, the 1st Belorussian SS Grenadier Brigade "Belarus" was created from among the traitors who had fled to Germany. At the end of 1944, SS Obersturmbannfuehrer Sieglin formed the 30th Belorussian SS division from the defeated and retreating police formations and units of the Samaakhova, which took part in the battles against the Anglo-American troops on Western front. Having suffered significant losses, the remnants of the division joined the Vlasov ROA. When the Germans allowed the head of the Belarusian Rada Ostrovsky to form another Belarusian SS division, the task turned out to be impossible - traitors and traitors from among the dispossessed and criminals who fled from justice, selfish people and just cowards, at the final stage of the Great Patriotic War, hoping to earn encouragement for their deeds, hundreds and thousands began to go over to the partisans.

On June 22, 1943, the Commissar General of Belarus, Cuba, approved the creation of a youth organization and the Charter of the Union of Belarusian Youth. Nobody joined the organization. The Belarusian people had to endure too much grief and suffering during the 3 years of occupation. Punitive operations in Belarus were carried out mainly by police battalions from the Baltics, Ukraine and Poland. The Latvian policemen were especially atrocious in operations: "Winter Magic" - February 1943, "Spring Festival" - April 1943, "Heinrich" - November 1943, and the 18th Latvian police battalion in the operation "Riga".

In the course of these and other punitive operations, thousands, hundreds of thousands of civilians were shot and burned alive. 209 cities and towns turned out to be in ruins, 9200 villages and villages were burned, including 186 with all the inhabitants. Among them is Khatyn. In total, only Latvians left their bloody trail on the territory of Belarus - the 15th division, 4 police regiments, 26 battalions. Armed bandits of the Polish legion of lieutenant Milashevsky, the legions of Kmititsa and Mrachkovsky committed atrocities in Belarus. There were also punishers from Ukraine. The Nachtigal reconnaissance and sabotage battalion operated as part of the German Brandenburg regiment, carried out punitive operations in the Brest and Mogilev regions.

3. On the territory of Ukraine, immediately after the arrival of the Germans, the formation of collaborationist national military units, police units under various names began: "All-Ukrainian Liberation Army" (VOA), "Ukrainian Insurgent Army" (UPA), "Ukrainian National Army" (UNA). The formations were used to fight against Red Army units and partisans. The creation of military units was headed by the leader of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN), Colonel Melnyk, and the well-known nationalist Stepan Bandera. The latter, back in the twenties, held the post of leader of the Western Ukrainian youth, and in 1932 became deputy chairman of the OUN. For organizing the murder of the Minister of Internal Affairs of Poland, General Peratsky Bandera, he was sentenced to life imprisonment. But in 1939, with the arrival of the Germans in Warsaw, Bandera returned to Western Ukraine, where he created detachments of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA). Detachments quickly grow into regiments and divisions. Soon the UPA has more than 200 thousand people, including. 15 thousand divisions "Galicia". The UPA is conducting an armed struggle against the Soviet partisans and the Polish Home Army in the territory of Western Ukraine, Bukovina and in the forests of the forests of Pinsk.

The war is being waged for an "independent" Ukraine "without gentlemen of the landlords, capitalists and Bolshevik commissars." But the Bandera UPA still swore allegiance to Hitler : “I, a Ukrainian volunteer, with this oath voluntarily place myself at the disposal of the German army. I swear allegiance and obedience to the German leader and Supreme Commander of the German Army, Adolf Hitler." For this obedience, the UPA was hard hit by the Red Army. The combat formation of the 14th division of the SS Grenadiers "Galicia", which became part of the 13th AK of the 4th A of the Army Group "Western Ukraine", was completely defeated in July 1944 in the Lvov-Sandomierz operation near Brody. From the Brodsky boiler, where 30 thousand died and 17 thousand soldiers and officers were captured, no more than 1 thousand "Galicians" escaped. The "Sumskaya" division of the UPA was defeated even earlier, near Stalingrad. The division "Vilna Ukraine" fought as part of the AK "Hermann Goering" and was also completely defeated by the Red Army near Dresden.

On the entire Soviet-German front, a significant number of units and subunits fought with the Red Army. Ukrainian nationalists, which were merged into the "Ukrainian Vizvolne Viysko" or "Ukrainian National Liberation Army" (UNSO), which by the end of the war had more than 80 thousand troops. They had a distinctive sign - a sleeve "zhovtnevo-blakitnaya" patch with a trident.

After the end of the Great Patriotic War, the traitors who surrendered were deported to the Soviet Union and put on trial. Some of them went underground to the "forest brothers". Having a large amount of weapons and ammunition, the detachments of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN), led by Bandera, killed Soviet leaders, resisted Soviet power until their suppression and destruction in the early 1950s. Bandera himself fled to Munich, where he was overtaken by a just punishment - on October 15, 1959, he was destroyed by a member of the KGB of the USSR.

4. In the dwarf states of the Baltic - Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia at the end of 1918, under the influence of the Great October Socialist Revolution in Russia, workers and landless peasants came to power. But, the internal counter-revolution, having rallied with external forces, drowned the young, fragile Soviet power. As a result of the coups, the fascist dictatorship of Smetona and Ulmanis is established. Parliaments are dissolved in all states, all political parties. Despite the fact that in June-July 1940 people's governments were formed in Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, the countries voluntarily joined the Soviet Union, the people fully felt the advantages of socialism over capitalism, and the National Armies (29th SC Lithuanian, 24th SK Latvian, 22nd SK Estonian) were retained. From the first days of the German invasion, the big proprietors, the capitalists and the bourgeoisie, together with the national army that fled home, stood up for the service of the Germans, began shooting in the back of the soldiers of the Red Army, hoping to regain everything they had lost with the help of the German fascists. It was these segments of the population that deployed active work to create collaborationist, punitive police and armed formations. Enormous assistance in this was provided by the German “fifth column”, the strongholds of which were numerous German and joint ventures, cultural and other institutions. In Latvia, for example, it was planned a week before the German invasion - on June 15, 1941, to carry out sabotage by the forces of the "fifth column" with arson of warehouses, explosions of bridges, and capture of important objects. But this idea was debunked. On the night of June 13-14, more than 5 thousand members of the "fifth column" were arrested, the same number were deported, including part of the command staff of the 24th rifle corps.

The command of the Red Army knew about the unfavorable situation in the Baltic military formations. On June 21, 1940, the commander of the BOVO troops, General D. Pavlov, turned to NPO Marshal S. Timoshenko with a proposal to immediately disarm the personnel of the three UK, as well as the population. For failure to surrender weapons - execution. But the request was not granted.*

5. Before the start of the Great Patriotic War in East Prussia was created "Lithuanian Legion", the purpose of which was: "In the attack of Germany on the USSR, which will take place in the spring of 1941, we Lithuanians must raise an uprising in the rear of the Red Army." And so it happened. From the first days of the German invasion, the Lithuanian underground went into action. In Kaunas, nationalist armed detachments came out against the Red Army and with particular cruelty against the Jewish population. Jewish pogroms began in all the Baltic countries.

24 rifle battalions were formed in Lithuania, some of them are being transferred to Belarus. On October 14, 1941, in just one day, they executed more than 2 thousand Belarusians in the village of Smilovichi, in Minsk - 1775 people, in Slutsk 5 thousand civilians. The 3rd Lithuanian battalion was located in Molodechno, another one in Mogilev. The 3rd and 24th Lithuanian battalions took part in the operation against the Belarusian partisans "Swamp Fever" in the Baranovichi and Slonim regions. In addition to these battalions, the “Lithuanian Territorial Corps” (LTK) was also formed in Lithuania - 19 thousand people. The Lithuanian bourgeois nationalists, who went underground a year ago, crawled out of their holes and, trying to please their new masters, began to commit excesses not only in Belarus, but also on their own land. On August 15-16, 1941, these traitors shot 3,207 old people, women and children in the village of Bayorai. The village of Pirgupis was burned to the ground on June 3, 1944, along with its 119 inhabitants. During the three years of occupation, the Nazis and their accomplices, the nationalists, destroyed over 700 thousand local residents, a sixth of Lithuania. With the advent of the Red Army, these henchmen fled with the Nazis to the West, and many, fearing a well-deserved punishment, took refuge in remote farms and forests, organizing bandit gangs. But the renegades were overtaken by a well-deserved punishment.

6. In Latvia, with the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the shelling of the military units of the Red Army, the headquarters of the PribVO in Riga began. More than 100 thousand people joined the punitive, police and other Nazi military formations from the nationalists of Latvia. In 1941 -1943. 45 police battalions were formed, with a total number of 15 thousand people, who fought against the Belarusian and Ukrainian partisans, destroyed civilians. Some of them fought in the German Army Group "North". In Belarus, 15 Latvian battalions were deployed in Stolbtsy, Stankovo, Begoml, Gantsevichi, Minsk and other cities. The battalions took part in Operation Winter Magic against partisans in the Baranovichi, Berezovsky, and Slonim regions. From April 11 to May 4, 1944, the 15th Latvian SS division, the 2nd and 3rd Latvian police regiments fought in the operation "Spring Festival" in the Ushach-Lepel partisan zone.

A bloody trail was left by punishers from Latvia on the territory of Belarus. The 18th police battalion, which was stationed in Stolbtsy and the 24th in Stankovo, were distinguished by particular cruelty in the destruction of civilians of Belarusians and Jews. In February - March 1943, these battalions in the operation "Winter Magic" in Rossony - Osveyskaya partisan zone, destroyed, burned alive 15 thousand local residents, drove more than 2 thousand to hard labor in Germany, destroyed 158 settlements. On the caps of the traitors there was a cockade with the image of a skull, and on the left sleeve there was a red-white-red flag - "Latvian SS".

In Latvia there was a "Latvian Legion", which united all police battalions, military units of the SS and other military formations from traitors, servants to the Nazis. The "Legion" included the 15th and 19th Latvian SS volunteer divisions of 18 thousand people each. Both divisions were merged into the VIth Latvian SS Volunteer Corps. The 15th division fought against the Red Army in East Prussia, and the 19th - on the Volkhov front. The end of the Great Patriotic War "Latvian Riflemen" was captured by our allies.*

7. Long before the Great Patriotic War, the Estonian top leadership of the state and the army established contact with the German intelligence Abwehr and the Reich. Their common interest was the units of the Red Army and the Navy. As early as 1935, employees of the German embassy in Talin intensified their intelligence and intelligence activities. In 1936 and 1937 Abwehr chief Canaris visited Estonia twice. In 1939, the Triple Alliance of intelligence agencies of Estonia, Finland, and Germany was formed. A massive influx of sabotage and reconnaissance groups into the territory of the Soviet Union begins. With the arrival of the Red Army troops on the territory of Estonia in 1940, agents and intelligence agents intensify their work. By July 1940, the Estonian agents already numbered more than 60 thousand people. Despite the fact that by the beginning of World War II the Estonian army (22nd Estonian SC) and the country as a whole had been cleared of the "fifth column", it was not possible to achieve complete success in the fight against enemy agents. During Great Patriotic War on the territory of Estonia, 34 police and 14 infantry battalions were formed, which were used to fight Soviet partisans in the Leningrad region and conduct military operations on the Baltic and Leningrad fronts. In the spring of 1944 five more police regiments are being formed. The personnel of the Estonian units were dressed in the uniform of the Estonian army and wore a white armband with the inscription "In the service of the German army."

At the end of August 1942, the "Estonian Legion" was created, which included the 3rd Estonian SS Volunteer Brigade. In January 1944, the 3rd brigade was reorganized into the 20th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS and sent to the Eastern Front in the Narva region, then to the Volkhov Front against the 2nd Shock Army of the Red Army. Near Narva, the 300th Special Purpose Division of Estonian collaborators also fought.

Cooperation and servility to the Germans, their special services in the Baltic countries continued throughout the entire period Great Patriotic War. Even on the territory already liberated by the Red Army, reconnaissance and sabotage groups and agents were sent en masse.

8. In preparation for the attack on the Soviet Union, the German command was extremely interested in the formation of allied troops from the Muslim population. The formation of military units was carried out by the "Turkestan National Committee" (TNC), located in Wünsdorf (Germany). In 1941, the first 450th Turkic infantry battalion was created, which was the basis for the creation of the "Turkestan Legion". The "Legion" included only Uzbeks, Kazakhs, Turkmens, Tajiks, Kyrgyz. Later, in 1942, another 452, 781, 782 infantry battalions were formed in Poland from among the Turkic prisoners of war. In total, 14 infantry battalions of 1000-1200 people were formed there. in everyone. The battalions were sent to Ukraine to fight the Soviet partisans. In November 1943, the 1st East Muslim Regiment was formed with deployment in Minsk. In total, there were 181,402 people in the ranks of the Turkestan Legion, which served in the Wehrmacht. These troops took part in the fight against partisans and the conduct of hostilities on the Soviet-German front.

9. With enthusiasm, as their liberators, the Germans were met by the Crimean Tatars. At the headquarters of the German 11A in the Crimea, a department is being created for the formation of the Crimean Tatar enemy forces. By January 1942, “Muslim committees” and “Tatar national committees” were formed in all cities of Crimea, which in the same 1942 sent 8,684 Crimean Tatars to the German army and another 4 thousand to fight the Crimean partisans. In total, with a population of 200 thousand Tatars, 20 thousand volunteers were sent to serve the Germans. From this number, the 1st Tatar Mountain Jaeger Brigade of the SS was formed. On August 15, 1942, the "Tatar Legion" began to operate, which included Tatars and other peoples of the Volga region who spoke the Tatar language. "Tatar Legion" managed to form 12 field Tatar battalions, of these, the 825th battalion is located in Belynichi, Vitebsk region. Later, on February 23, 1943, on the day of the Red Army, the battalion in full strength went over to the side of the Belarusian partisans, entered the 1st Vitebsk brigade of Mikhail Biryulin and fought against the Nazi invaders near Lepel. In Belarus, in the occupied territory, the Tatars who collaborated with the Germans grouped around Mufti Yakub Shinkevich."Tatar committees" were in Minsk, Kletsk, Lyakhovichi. Ending Great Patriotic Warfor the Tatar traitors and traitors, it became as tragic and deserved as for other collaborators. Only a few managed to hide in the countries of the Middle East and in Turkey. Their plans to achieve victory over the "Bolshevik barbarians", to create a free Federal Republic by mandate German Empire failed.

On May 10, 1944, the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs, Beria, turned to Stalin with a request: "Given the treacherous actions of the Crimean Tatars, I propose to evict them from the Crimea." The operation took place in the period from May 18 to July 4, 1944. Without bloodshed and resistance, about 220,000 Tatars and other nonresident residents of Crimea were evacuated. *

10. The Caucasian highlanders greeted the German troops with joy, presented Hitler with a golden harness - "Allah is above us - Hitler is with us." In the program documents of the "Special Party of Caucasian Fighters", which united 11 peoples of the Caucasus, the task was to defeat the Bolsheviks, Russian despotism, to do everything to defeat Russia in the war with Germany, and the "Caucasus - to the Caucasians".

In the summer of 1942, with the approach of German troops to the Caucasus, the insurrectionary movement intensified everywhere.Soviet power was liquidated, collective farms and state farms were dissolved, major uprisings broke out. German saboteurs - paratroopers, in total about 25 thousand people, participated in the preparation and conduct of the uprisings. Chechens, Karachays, Balkars, Dagestanis, and others began to fight against the Red Army. The only way to suppress the uprisings and the unfolding armed struggle against the Red Army and partisans was deportation. But the situation at the front (fierce battles near Stalingrad, Kursk) did not allow for an operation to deport peoples North Caucasus. It was brilliantly carried out in February 1944.

On February 23, the resettlement of the Caucasian peoples began. The operation was well prepared and was a success. By its beginning, the motives for the eviction were brought to the attention of the entire population - betrayal. Leading officials, religious figures of Chechnya, Ingushetia and other nationalities took a personal part in explaining the reasons for the resettlement. The campaign achieved its goal. Out of 873,000 people. evicted resisted and only 842 people were arrested. For success in evicting traitors, L. Beria was awarded the highest commander's order of Suvorov, 1st degree. The eviction was forced and justified. Many hundreds of Chechens, Ingush, Balkars, Karachays, Crimean Tatars, and others went to the side of our worst enemy - the German invaders, to serve in the German army.

11. In August 1943, a Corps of traitor Kalmyks was created in Kalmykia, which fought near Rostov and Taganrog, then (in the winter of 1944-1945) in Poland, fought hard battles with units of the Red Army near Radom.

12. The Wehrmacht drew personnel from traitors, emigrants and prisoners of war, Azerbaijanis, Georgians and Armenians. From the Azerbaijanis, the Germans formed the Corps Special Purpose"Bergman" ("Highlander"), who participated in the suppression of the uprising in Warsaw. The 314th Azerbaijani regiment fought as part of the 162nd German infantry division.

13. From among the Armenian prisoners of war, the Germans formed eight infantry battalions at the training ground in Pulaw (Poland) and sent them to the Eastern Front.

14. Volunteers - traitors - Georgian emigrants entered the service of the Germans in the first days of the war. They are used as the vanguard of the German Army Group South. In early July 1941, the reconnaissance and sabotage group "Tamara - 2" is thrown into the rear of the Red Army in the North Caucasus. Georgian saboteurs took part in Operation Shamil to seize the Grozny oil refinery. At the end of 1941, the "Georgian Legion" was created in Warsaw from 16 battalions. In addition to the Georgians, the Legion included Ossetians, Abkhazians, and Circassians. In the spring of 1943, all Legion battalions were transferred to Kursk and Kharkov, where they were defeated by units of the Red Army.

After graduation Great Patriotic Warthe fate of the soldiers of the military formations of the Caucasus was in the hands of our allies, and later Soviet justice. All received their deserved punishment.

15. All this evil spirits were skillfully handled by anti-Soviet propaganda. Although it was not easy, it is far from easy to substantiate the reasons for an armed uprising against one's Motherland, which is waging a holy, just war for independence and freedom. Understanding well that the moral strength of a fighter, his stamina in battle is drawn from patriotic feelings, our enemies paid great attention to moral, psychological, ideological indoctrination personnel newly formed parts. That's why almost all units and formations of collaborators received the names of "national", "liberation", "people's". To fulfill the tasks of developing moral and psychological stability and maintaining discipline in parts of the collaborators, clergymen and German ideologists were involved. Information support was given special attention, because it was necessary to change the views on the content and essence of the ongoing armed struggle. These tasks were solved, including by numerous media. Almost all military units and formations of traitors had their own printed organs. The ROA of General Vlasov, for example, had its own body, the People's Anti-Bolshevik Committee, which published newspapers in Berlin: For Peace and Freedom, For Freedom, Zarya, Fighter of the ROA, and others. In other military units, collaborators published special newspapers: "Soviet warrior", "Front-line soldier", etc., in which the events taking place at the front were skillfully falsified. Thus, for example, the Red Army newspaper, published in Berlin, was distributed on the Leningrad Front under the guise of a front political department newspaper. On the first page of the newspaper, the slogan is printed: “Death to the German occupiers”, and then Order No. 120 of the Supreme High Command, which prescribes: “Send all former MTS tractor drivers and foremen of tractor brigades to the places of their former work for the sowing campaign. All former collective farmers born in 1910 and older must be demobilized from the Red Army. On the second page of the newspaper heading: "Warriors are studying the order of the leader." Here, they say, in the speeches of the soldiers, the mediocrity of comrade is noted. Stalin, and that "the place of every Red Army soldier has long been in the ranks of the ROA, which, under the leadership of Lieutenant General Vlasov, is preparing for battles with Judeo-Bolshevism."

In Belarus, a newspaper copy of Pravda was published with the slogan: "Long live the Union of Russia and Great Britain," and then: "More than 5 million former Red Army soldiers have already surrendered." Leaflets were thrown at the partisans in the form exactly the same as the Soviet ones from Moscow, but on the back: "Go over to the side of Germany", "Cooperate with the German army", "This is a pass for surrender." The fake newspaper "New Way" was published in Borisov, Bobruisk, Vitebsk, Gomel, Orsha, Mogilev. An exact copy of the Soviet front-line newspaper "For the Motherland" with anti-Soviet content was published in Bobruisk. In the Caucasus, the newspaper "Dawn of the Caucasus" was published, in Stavropol "Morning of the Caucasus", "Free Kalmykia" in Elista, the organ of all the highlanders of the Caucasus was the "Cossack Blade", etc. In a number of cases, this anti-Soviet propaganda and falsification achieved its goal.

16. Today, the conscious and deliberate falsification of the results Great Patriotic Warand the Second World War in general, the historical victories of the Soviet people and its Red Army increased significantly. The goal is obvious - to take away the Great Victory from us, to consign to oblivion those atrocities and atrocities that were committed by the Nazis and their accomplices, traitors and traitors to their homeland: Vlasov, Bandera, Caucasian and Baltic punishers. Today their barbarism is justified by the "struggle for freedom", "national independence". It looks blasphemous when the SS men from the Galicia division, who have not been killed by us, are in law, receive additional pensions, and their families are exempted from paying for housing and communal services. The day of the liberation of Lviv - July 27 was declared "a day of mourning and enslavement by the Moscow regime." Alexander Nevsky Street was renamed Andriy Sheptytsky, the Metropolitan of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, who in 1941 blessed the 14th SS Grenadier Division "Galicia" to fight the Red Army.

Today, the Baltic countries demand billions of dollars from Russia for "Soviet occupation". But have they really forgotten that the Soviet Union did not occupy them, but saved the honor of all three Baltic states from the inevitable fate of being part of the defeated Nazi coalition, granted them the honor to become part of the general system of the countries that defeated fascism. Lithuania in 1940 received back, previously selected by Poland, the Vilna region with the capital Vilnius. Forgotten! It is also forgotten that the Baltic countries since 1940. By 1991, to create their new infrastructure, they received from the Soviet Union (in today's prices) 220 billion dollars. With the help of the Soviet Union, they created a unique high-tech production, built new power plants, including a nuclear one, which provides 62% of all energy consumed, ports and ferries (3 billion dollars), airfields (Siauliai - 1 billion dollars), created a new merchant fleet, built oil pipelines, completely gasified their countries. Forgotten! The events of January 1942, when traitors to the Motherland on June 3, 1944 burned to the ground the village of Pirgupis and also the village of Raseiniai, were forgotten. The village of Audrini in Latvia, where today the NATO air force base, suffered the same fate: 42 courtyards of the village, together with the inhabitants, were literally wiped off the face of the earth. The Rezekne police, led by a beast in the guise of a man Eichelis, already by July 20, 1942, managed to exterminate 5128 residents of Jewish nationality. Latvian "fascist riflemen" from the SS troops annually on March 16 arrange a procession with a solemn march. A marble monument was erected to the executioner Echelis. For what? Former punishers, SS men from the 20th Estonian division and Estonian policemen, who became famous for the total extermination of Jews, thousands of Belarusians and Soviet partisans, every year on July 6 parade with banners around Tallinn, and celebrate the day of the liberation of their capital - September 22, 1944 as a day of mourning. Former SS Colonel Rebane, a granite monument was erected, to which children are brought to lay flowers. The monuments to our generals, liberators have long been destroyed, the graves of our brothers-in-arms patriots have been desecrated. In Latvia, in 2005, the vandals, unrestrained by impunity, already thrice (!) mocked the graves of the fallen soldiers of the Red Army. Why, why do they desecrate the graves of the heroes-soldiers of the Red Army, destroy their marble slabs, kill them a second time? The West, the UN, the Security Council, Israel are silent, they are not taking any measures. Meanwhile, the Nuremberg Trials 11/20/1945-10/01/1946. for carrying out a conspiracy against Peace, humanity and the gravest war crimes, he sentenced Nazi war criminals not to be shot, but to be hanged. On December 12, 1946, the UN General Assembly upheld the validity of the sentence. Forgotten! Today in some countries of the CIS there is an exaltation, glorification of criminals, punishers and traitors. May 9 is a historical day, the Great Victory Day is no longer celebrated - a working day, and even worse, a “day of mourning”.

The time has come to give a resolute rebuff to these deeds, not to praise, but to expose all those who, with weapons in their hands, became servants of the Nazis, committed atrocities, destroyed the elderly, women and children. The time has come to tell the truth about collaborators, enemy military, police units, traitors and traitors to the Motherland.

Betrayal and betrayal always and everywhere caused feelings of disgust and indignation, especially betrayal of the previously given oath, the military oath. These betrayals, the oath of crime, have no statute of limitations.

17. On the temporarily occupied territory of the Soviet Union in 1941-1944. A truly nationwide struggle of Soviet honest people, partisans and underground fighters unfolded against numerous military formations from among the White emigrants, traitors and traitors to the Motherland, who became in the service of the Nazis. How difficult it was for the Soviet people and the soldiers of the Red Army to fight, fighting, in fact, on two fronts - in front of the German hordes, in the rear - traitors and traitors.

Treason and betrayal in the sacred years Great Patriotic Warwere really big. Large human sacrifice, suffering and destruction brought by collaborators, policemen and punishers. To betrayal, to traitors to the Motherland, who took up arms on the side of the Nazis, Hitler's Germany, who swore allegiance to Adolf Hitler, the attitude of the Soviet people was unequivocal - hatred and contempt. Popular approval was caused by the retribution that is deserved, the criminals suffered in court.

18. However, perpetrated in the years Great Patriotic Warthe monstrous atrocities and destruction in the temporarily occupied territory of the Soviet Union cannot be compared with those irretrievable losses and consequences of the betrayal committed during the deliberate and purposeful collapse of the Great Superpower of the USSR.

World history does not know examples of treason and betrayal of such magnitude and such consequences as it was in the Soviet Union in the late 80s and early 90s of the last century. During these years, an action unprecedented in its destructiveness took place. Gorbachev's treacherous policy, the notorious perestroika, far-fetched acceleration and new thinking - all this is nothing but epoch-making idiocy.

When it became completely obvious that the policy of the traitor Gorbachev and his clique represented by the chief architect of perestroika, the CIA agent A. Yakovlev, the traitor E. Shevardnadze and others would lead the country to irreparable collapse and collapse, the top of the Communist Party and the Soviet government began to save their own skins, embarking on the path of treason and betrayal of the interests of his country and his people. They are the ones who guide power structures(KGB, Ministry of Internal Affairs, Ministry of Defense) allowed the anti-people, anti-socialist forces to rage and act in a rather organized manner. These forces, under the false slogans of fighting for freedom and democracy, for human rights, a developed market and the subsequent "heavenly life", found support in the mindset of a part of the country's population, mainly. The connivance and inactivity of the leadership of the party and the state, the power structures made it possible to quickly create a "fifth column" from among the traitors and turncoats, which was immediately headed and financed by the United States and the West. To eliminate its probable adversary and competitor - the Soviet Union, in an effort to rule the whole world in an American way, the United States did not spare trillions of dollars. In the early 90s, the United States nevertheless managed to achieve its goal, conceived back in the 50s - to defeat the Soviet Union in " cold war". The goal was achieved by huge financial injections and an ideological war, but by the hands of homegrown traitor democrats.

Taking advantage of the amazing inactivity and indecision of President Gorbachev, and then the State Emergency Committee, the United States and the "fifth column" represented by Yeltsin, Gaidar, Burbulis, Shakhrai and others were able to quickly take the initiative and power into their own hands. Power overnight passed into the hands of capitulators, opportunists, shifters, careerists and simply traitors. It was they who sent the Great Superpower along the path indicated by the United States - devastation, disasters, armed conflicts and even wars. Complete capitulation and admiration for the United States and the West ensued. Collaborators, traitors and traitors imposed capitalism on the peoples of the Soviet Union by force, managed to plunder and appropriate industrial giants, gold, oil, gas and land. But “Selling, trading land is the same as a mother,” Leo Tolstoy said long ago.

Already created in Russia new class oligarchs, large owners and businessmen from those people who, in a cunning and clever way, contrived, at a time of great turmoil, to rob, steal everything that had been created for thousands of years and rightfully belonged to all the people. These nouveaux riches today form the basis of the new government in Russia.

19. A huge role in these thieves' transformations was played by the media, which were a tool for manipulating public consciousness. In the gigantic counter-revolution, in the tragedy of the 20th century, the corrupt media, pro-Western propaganda and the information war, having received dollar support and the active participation of the "fifth column" (ideological shifters, henchmen and just scoundrels), managed to deceive the Soviet people with amazing, incomprehensible ease. People believed in the mafia of the newspaper line, false television propaganda, were simply fooled. The people believed those noisy promises to “get on the rails” and other provocative statements that, they say, “if you give us power, we will give you a prosperous life, prosperity, freedom and democracy, but only vote for us, otherwise you will lose.” The country was immediately seized by some kind of epidemic of stupidity, servile subordination of the media and groveling before the "prosperous West."

20. The magnitude of the crimes committed by modern traitors is enormous, it cannot be measured by anything.

Over the past 15 years, Russia, the successor of the Soviet Union (except for Moscow and St. Petersburg) has been in ruins, the country has been thrown back economically for many years. The vast majority of the population was in the abyss and poverty. Bribery and embezzlement have entangled the whole country. Corruption, robbery and murder flourish to this day. The death rate exceeded the birth rate. There were millions of refugees, homeless children. This was not even in the yearsGreat Patriotic War. Drug addiction, prostitution, human trafficking arose and reached unprecedented proportions. The number of gambling houses and brothels is countless. The people are in poverty, and in London, on the Cote d'Azur, there are 800 dollar millionaires who fled from justice, including Yeltsin's daughter Tatyana. There are 33 dollar billionaires and 88 millionaires in Moscow. This is more than in any other city in the world.

Russia in terms of welfare today is in 62nd place out of 177 countries of the world. In 2005, she dropped another 5 positions. In terms of state budget expenditures per student, Russia is in second to last place in the world, ahead of Zimbabwe, but in terms of the number of dollar billionaires, it is in second place after the United States. But for that, the state border and customs are being strengthened, natural resources are being depleted at a rapid pace, and international gas conflicts have arisen. In general, the Russian economy remains far from the level of the Soviet pre-perestroika 1990.

All this did not exist under the Soviet Union, and could not exist due to the very nature of the progressive socialist way of life. If it were the Soviet Union, it would not be worse. The Motherland would live in a friendly family of peoples, without wars and refugees, without poverty and in prosperity, as the Chinese live today in their prosperous socialist country under the leadership of the Communist Party.

After the defeat of the Third Reich, many women who had sexual relations with the Nazis were ostracized in Europe and the USSR. Their children, born of Germans, also had a hard time.

European democracies have especially succeeded in persecuting “German litters” and “German bastards,” writes Vladimir Ginda in the Archive section in No. 43 of the Correspondent magazine of November 2, 2012.

Second World War for the majority of the population of the victorious countries ended in the spring of 1945. But among the citizens of the victorious countries there were people who for a long time bore the burden of war. We are talking about women seen in sexual relations with the Germans, as well as children born from the invaders.

In the USSR, women who became entangled with the enemy were shot without further explanation or sent to camps. However, in European countries they were treated no better - they were killed, sentenced to prison terms, or they were given public humiliating punishments.

The fate of their German children in the USSR was not documented, but, apparently, for the most part they were no different from their peers. But in the West, the Germans sometimes had a hard time: in Norway, for example, they were forcibly imprisoned in homes for the mentally ill.

national disgrace

Most of all in Europe, the French distinguished themselves in the persecution of their compatriots who maintained intimate relations with enemies. Crushed by the occupation and a large number of collaborators, liberated France took out all her anger on fallen women. Among the people, based on the contemptuous nickname of the Germans - boches, they were called "bedding for boches."

Such women began to be persecuted during the war years, when the French Resistance waged an underground struggle against the invaders. Underground workers distributed leaflets among the population with the following text: “French women who give themselves to the Germans will be cut bald. We will write on your back - Sold to the Germans. When young French women sell their bodies to the Gestapo or the militia [collaborators], they are selling the blood and soul of their French compatriots. Future wives and mothers, they are obliged to maintain their purity in the name of love for the motherland.”

Most of all in Europe, the French distinguished themselves in the persecution of their compatriots who maintained intimate relations with enemies.

From words, the participants of the Resistance quickly moved on to deeds. According to historians, from 1943 to 1946, more than 20,000 women were shaved bald in the country for “horizontal collaborationism,” as the French derisively called sexual relations with the invaders.

Similar “lynchings” took place like this: armed underground workers broke into houses and pulled out guilty women by force, took them to city squares and cut their hair. The punishments and humiliations were all the stronger because they were carried out in public, in front of relatives, neighbors and acquaintances. The crowd laughed and applauded, after which the disgraced were led through the streets, sometimes even naked.

Shaving the head was essentially a mild form of punishment. Some of the “litters” had a swastika painted on their face with paint or even burned out the corresponding brand. And some of them had to endure brutal interrogations, accompanied by beatings, when details of their sex life were beaten out of women.

After a wave of harassment of “bosh mats,” most of these women were sentenced to prison. According to a government decree of August 26, 1944, approximately 18.5 thousand French women were recognized as “nationally unworthy” and received from six months to one year in prison, followed by a decrease in their rights for another year. People called this last year “the year of national shame”.

Some of the “litters” had a swastika painted on their faces or even branded accordingly.

Often, harlots were shot, and sometimes they themselves, unable to withstand the burden of ostracism, took their own lives.

The fate of the Norwegian "German whores" (tysketoser) was similar. After the war, more than 14,000 such people were counted in Norway, of which 5,000 were sentenced to a year and a half in prison. They were also publicly humiliated - undressed, smeared with sewage.

In the Netherlands, after May 5, 1945, about 500 “fritz girls” (moffenmaiden) were killed during street lynching. Other women found to have links with the occupiers were rounded up on the streets, stripped and doused with filth or kneeled in the mud, their hair shaved or their heads painted orange.

In the USSR, there were no public trials of "German whores" like European ones. The Kremlin did not take dirty linen out of the hut - it acted with a proven method: arrest and deportation to Siberia. They did not look for a reason for a long time - the authorities considered all the inhabitants of the occupied territories as guilty a priori.

This position was clearly voiced on February 7, 1944, at a plenum of Soviet writers in Moscow by Ukrainian Petro Panch. “The entire population now in the liberated areas, in fact, cannot freely look into the eyes of our liberators, since they are to some extent confused in relations with the Germans,” he said.

According to the writer, the inhabitants of the occupied territories either robbed apartments and institutions, or helped the Germans in robbery and executions, or speculated. And some girls, “having lost their sense of patriotism”, lived with the Germans.

The party leadership unequivocally recognized women who had sexual relations with the Nazis, prostitutes and traitors

The party leadership unequivocally recognized women who had sexual relations with the Nazis, prostitutes and traitors. So, the circular of the NKVD of the USSR of February 18, 1942 On the organization of operational-Chekist work in the liberated territory, the heads of the regional and linear departments of the NKVD were ordered to begin their work in the liberated lands with the arrests of previously identified henchmen and active accomplices of the Germans.

The document also listed a number of categories of the population subject to priority persecution. In particular, it was about women who married officers, soldiers and officials of the Wehrmacht, as well as about the owners of brothels and brothels.

Later, at the end of April 1943, in a joint order of the people's commissars of internal affairs, justice and the prosecutor of the USSR, an instruction was issued to more actively apply repressive sanctions against women caught in voluntary intimate or close domestic relations with Wehrmacht personnel or officials of German punitive and administrative bodies. Most often, such accomplices were punished by taking away their children.

But they could also be shot without trial or investigation, and literally immediately after the advent of Soviet power.

Most often, such accomplices were punished by taking away their children.

For example, in the report of the representative of the Hitlerite Ministry of Eastern Territories under the Army Group South, it was reported that in the sector Slavyansk - Barvenkovo ​​- Kramatorsk - Konstantinovka (eastern Ukraine) in the spring of 1943, the very next day after the liberation of this area by the Red Army, representatives of the NKVD held mass arrests.

First of all, those who served in the German police, worked in the occupation administration or other services were detained. In addition, women who had sexual relations with the Germans, who were pregnant by the occupiers or had children from them, were killed on the spot along with the babies. In general, according to German documents, about 4 thousand people were killed then.

And in one of the reports of Abwehr, German military intelligence, it was stated: after an unsuccessful attempt to liberate Kharkov, undertaken by the Red Army in 1942, during the short time that the city was in the hands of the Soviet side, the NKVD border troops shot 4 thousand inhabitants.

“Among them are many girls who were friends with German soldiers, and especially those who were pregnant. Three witnesses were enough to eliminate them,” the report says.

innocent victims

The life of children born of Germans was not easier. Many of them (no matter where they lived - in the USSR or in Western Europe) had to fully experience humiliation.

Historians still cannot clearly determine how many “children of the occupation” appeared in different European countries. In France, it is believed that local women gave birth to 200 thousand babies from the Germans, in Norway - from 10 thousand to 12 thousand.

How many such children were born on the territory of the USSR is unknown. In an interview, the American historian Kurt Blaumeister stated that, according to his calculations, 50-100 thousand German babies were born in Russia, the Baltic states, Belarus and Ukraine during the occupation period. Compared to 73 million - the total number of people living in the occupied territories - this figure looks insignificant.

In France, it is believed that local women gave birth to 200 thousand babies from the Germans, in Norway - from 10 thousand to 12 thousand.

These children were considered outcast twice - both as born out of wedlock and as the fruit of a connection with the enemy.

In some countries, the rejection of the “children of the occupation” was fueled by the authorities. For example, in Norway, 90% of "German bastards" (tyskerunge), or "Nazi caviar" (naziyingel), were declared mentally disabled and sent to mental hospitals, where they were kept until the 1960s. Later, the Norwegian Union of Children of War said that "half wits" were used to test medicines.

It was only in 2005 that the parliament of the Scandinavian country officially apologized to these innocent victims of the war, and the justice committee approved compensation for their experience in the amount of 3 thousand euros.

The amount can be increased tenfold if the victims provide documentary evidence that they have faced hatred, fear and mistrust because of their origin.

The latter norm aroused indignation among local human rights activists, who rightly pointed out that it is difficult to prove beatings, offensive nicknames, etc., if this happened many years ago and part of actors have already died.

Only in 2005 did the parliament of the Scandinavian country officially apologize to these innocent victims of the war, and the Justice Committee approved compensation for their experience in the amount of 3 thousand euros

In France, the "children of Boches" were initially treated with loyalty. Measures of influence were limited to a ban for them to learn German and bear German names. Of course, not all of them managed to avoid attacks from their peers and adults. In addition, many of these babies were abandoned by their mothers, and they were brought up in orphanages.

In 2006 the "Children of the Boches" united in the Heart Without Borders association. It was created by Jean-Jacques Delorme, whose father was a Wehrmacht soldier. The organization currently has 300 members.

“We founded this association because the French society infringed on our rights. The reason is that we were Franco-German children conceived during World War II. We united in order to jointly search for our parents, help each other and carry out work to preserve historical memory. Why now? Previously, it was impossible to do this: the topic remained taboo, ”Delorme said in an interview.

By the way, since 2009, a law has been in force in Germany, according to which children born in France from Wehrmacht soldiers can receive German citizenship.

Non-Soviet children

Almost nothing is known about the fate of children born by Soviet women from the invaders. Rare archival data and eyewitness accounts indicate that they were treated quite humanely in the USSR. At least no one did any purposeful work against them. Most of the "children of war" seem to have received education, jobs and lived normal lives.

The only official document showing that the authorities were thinking about how to deal with German children was a letter from Ivan Maisky, a well-known Soviet historian and Deputy People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs.

Maisky wrote that it is difficult to establish the total number of such babies, but according to some data, we can talk about thousands of German chats.

On April 24, 1945, Maisky, together with a group of deputies of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, sent a message to Soviet leader Joseph Stalin. In it, the historian drew the attention of the leader to “one small issue” - children born in the territory occupied by Germany “due to the voluntary or forced cohabitation of Soviet women with the Germans.” Maisky wrote that it is difficult to establish the total number of such babies, but according to some data, we can talk about thousands of German chats.

“What to do with these children? Of course, they are not responsible for the sins of their parents, but is there any doubt that if the Germans live and grow up in those families and in the environment in which they were born, then their existence will be terrible? - the official asked Stalin.

To solve the problem, Maisky suggested taking German chats from their mothers and distributing them to orphanages. Moreover, during admission to the orphanage, the child must be given a new name, and the administration of the institution should not know where the new pupil came from and whose it is.

But if Maisky's letter to Stalin has been preserved, then the answer of the leader of the peoples is unknown, just as any reaction of the Kremlin to the message is unknown.

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Some historical studies claim that on the side of Hitler during the period Second World War fought up to 1 million citizens of the USSR. This figure may well be challenged downward, but it is obvious that in percentage terms, most of these traitors were not fighters of the Vlasov Russian Liberation Army (ROA) or various kinds of SS national legions, but local security units, whose representatives were called policemen.

FOLLOWING THE WEHRMAHT

They appeared after the invaders. Wehrmacht soldiers, having seized this or that Soviet settlement, in a hot hand shot all those who did not have time to hide from uninvited newcomers: Jews, party and Soviet workers, family members of Red Army commanders.

Having done their heinous deed, the soldiers in gray uniforms went further east. And to support new order»Auxiliary units and the German military police remained in the occupied territory. Naturally, the Germans did not know the local realities and were poorly oriented in what was happening in the territory they controlled.

Belarusian policemen

In order to successfully fulfill their duties, the invaders needed helpers from the local population. And those were found. The German administration in the occupied territories began to form the so-called "Auxiliary Police".

What was this structure?

So, the Auxiliary Police (Hilfspolizei) was created by the German occupation administration in the occupied territories from people who were considered supporters of the new government. The corresponding units were not independent and were subordinate to the German police departments. Local administrations (city and rural councils) were engaged only in purely administrative work related to the functioning of police detachments - their formation, payment of salaries, bringing to their attention the orders of the German authorities, etc.

The term "auxiliary" emphasized the lack of independence of the police in relation to the Germans. There was not even a uniform name - in addition to Hilfspolizei, such as “local police”, “security police”, “order service”, “self-defense” were also used.

Uniform uniforms for members of the auxiliary police were not provided. As a rule, policemen wore armbands with the inscription Polizei, but their uniform was arbitrary (for example, they could wear Soviet military uniforms with their insignia removed).

The police, recruited from citizens of the USSR, accounted for nearly 30% of all local collaborators. The policemen were one of the most despised type of collaborators by our people. And there were good reasons for this...

In February 1943, the number of policemen in the territory occupied by the Germans reached approximately 70 thousand people.

TYPES OF TRAITORS

From whom was this "auxiliary police" most often formed? Representatives of, relatively speaking, five categories of the population, different in their goals and views, went to it.

The first is the so-called "ideological" opponents of Soviet power. Among them, former White Guards and criminals convicted under the so-called political articles of the then Criminal Code prevailed. They perceived the arrival of the Germans as an opportunity to take revenge on the “commissars and Bolsheviks” for past grievances.

Ukrainian and Baltic nationalists also got the opportunity to kill "damned Muscovites and Jews" to their heart's content.

The second category is those who, under any political regime, are trying to stay afloat, gain power and the opportunity to rob and mock their own compatriots to their heart's content. Often, representatives of the first category did not deny that they joined the police in order to combine the motive of revenge with the opportunity to fill their pockets with other people's goods.

Here, for example, is a fragment from the testimony of policeman Ogryzkin, given by him to representatives of the Soviet punitive authorities in 1944 in Bobruisk:

“I went to cooperate with the Germans because I considered myself offended by the Soviet authorities. Before the revolution, my family had a lot of property and a workshop that brought in a good income.<...>I thought that the Germans, as a cultured European nation, want to liberate Russia from Bolshevism and return the old order. Therefore, he accepted an offer to join the police.

<...>The police had the highest salaries and good rations, in addition, it was possible to use their official position for personal enrichment ... "

As an illustration, let's cite another document - a fragment of the testimony of policeman Grunsky during the trial of traitors to the Motherland in Smolensk (autumn 1944).

“...Voluntarily agreeing to cooperate with the Germans, I just wanted to survive. Fifty to a hundred people died in the camp every day. Becoming a volunteer was the only way to survive. Those who expressed a desire to cooperate were immediately separated from the general mass of prisoners of war. They began to feed normally and changed into a fresh Soviet uniform, but with German stripes and an obligatory bandage on the shoulder ... "

It must be said that the policemen themselves were well aware that their life depended on the situation at the front, and tried to use every opportunity to drink, eat, cuddle local widows and rob.

During one of the feasts, Ivan Raskin, deputy chief of police of the Sapychskaya volost, Pogarsky district, Bryansk region, made a toast, from which, according to eyewitnesses of this booze, the eyes of those present went to their foreheads in surprise: “We know that the people hate us, that they are waiting for the arrival Red Army. So let's hurry to live, drink, walk, enjoy life today, because tomorrow they will cut off our heads anyway.

"FAITHFUL, BRAVE, OBEDIENT"

Among the policemen, there was also a special group of those who were especially hated by the inhabitants of the occupied Soviet territories. We are talking about employees of the so-called security battalions. Their hands were up to the elbows in blood! On account of the punishers from these battalions, hundreds of thousands of ruined human lives.

For reference, it should be clarified that the so-called Schutzmannschafts (German Schutzmann-schaft - security team, abbr. Schuma) were special police units - punitive battalions operating under the command of the Germans and together with others German units. Members of the Schutzmannschafts wore German military uniforms, but with special insignia: on the headdress there was a swastika in a laurel wreath, on the left sleeve a swastika in a laurel wreath with the motto in German "Tgei Tapfer Gehorsam" - "Loyal, brave, obedient".

Policemen at work as executioners

Each battalion in the state was to have five hundred people, including nine Germans. In total, eleven Belarusian Schuma battalions, one artillery division, one Schuma cavalry squadron were formed. At the end of February 1944, there were 2,167 people in these units.

More Ukrainian Schuma police battalions were created: fifty-two in Kiev, twelve in Western Ukraine and two in the Chernihiv region, totaling 35,000 people. Russian battalions were not created at all, although Russian traitors served in the Schuma battalions of other nationalities.

What did the policemen from the punitive detachments do? And the same thing that all executioners usually do - murders, murders and more murders. Moreover, the policemen killed everyone in a row, regardless of gender and age.

Here is a typical example. In Bila Tserkva, not far from Kiev, the “Sonderkommando 4-a” of SS Standartenführer Paul Blombel was operating. The ditches were filled with Jews - dead men and women, but only from the age of 14, children were not killed. Finally, having finished shooting the last adults, after altercations, the employees of the Sonderkommando destroyed everyone who was over seven years old.

Only about 90 young children survived, ranging in age from a few months to five, six or seven years old. Even German tortured executioners could not destroy such small children ... And not at all out of pity - they were simply afraid of a nervous breakdown and subsequent mental disorders. Then it was decided: let the German lackeys - the local Ukrainian policemen - destroy the Jewish children.

From the memoirs of an eyewitness, a German from this Ukrainian Schuma:

“Wehrmacht soldiers have already dug the grave. The children were taken there on a tractor. The technical side of things did not concern me. The Ukrainians stood around and trembled. The children were unloaded from the tractor. They were placed on the edge of the grave - when the Ukrainians started shooting at them, the children fell there. The wounded also fell into the grave. I will never forget this sight for the rest of my life. It is in front of my eyes all the time. I especially remember the little blond girl who took my hand. Then they shot her too."

MURDERERS ON "TOURS"

However, the punishers from the Ukrainian punitive battalions "distinguished themselves" on the road. Few people know that the infamous Belarusian village of Khatyn was destroyed with all its inhabitants not by the Germans, but by Ukrainian policemen from the 118th police battalion.

This punitive unit was created in June 1942 in Kiev from among the former members of the Kiev and Bukovina kurens of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN). Almost all of its personnel turned out to be staffed by former commanders or privates of the Red Army, who were captured in the first months of the war.

Even before being enrolled in the ranks of the battalion, all of its future fighters agreed to serve the Nazis and undergo military training in Germany. Vasyura was appointed chief of staff of the battalion, who almost single-handedly led the unit in all punitive operations.

After the completion of the formation, the 118th police battalion first "distinguished itself" in the eyes of the invaders, taking an active part in the mass executions in Kiev, in the infamous Babi Yar.

Grigory Vasyura - the executioner of Khatyn (photo taken shortly before being shot by a court verdict)

On March 22, 1943, the 118th security police battalion entered the village of Khatyn and surrounded it. The entire population of the village, young and old - old people, women, children - were driven out of their homes and driven into a collective farm barn.

The butts of machine guns were lifted from the bed of the sick, the elderly, did not spare women with small and infant children.

When all the people were gathered in the shed, the punishers locked the doors, surrounded the shed with straw, doused it with gasoline and set it on fire. The wooden shed quickly caught fire. Under the pressure of dozens of human bodies, they could not stand it and the doors collapsed.

In burning clothes, terrified, gasping, people rushed to run, but those who escaped from the flames were shot from machine guns. The fire killed 149 villagers, including 75 children under the age of sixteen. The village itself was completely destroyed.

The chief of staff of the 118th security police battalion was Grigory Vasyura, who single-handedly led the battalion and its operations.

The further fate of the Khatyn executioner is interesting. When the 118th battalion was defeated, Vasyura continued to serve in the 14th SS Grenadier Division "Galicia", and at the very end of the war, in the 76th Infantry Regiment, which was defeated in France. After the war in the filtration camp, he managed to cover his tracks.

Only in 1952, for cooperation with the Nazis during the war, the tribunal of the Kiev military district sentenced Vasyura to 25 years in prison. At that time, nothing was known about his punitive activities.

On September 17, 1955, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR adopted a decree "On the amnesty of Soviet citizens who collaborated with the invaders during the war of 1941-1945", and Vasyura was released. He returned to his native Cherkasy region. The KGB officers nevertheless found and again arrested the criminal.

By that time, he was no less than the deputy director of one of the large state farms near Kiev. Vasyura was very fond of speaking to the pioneers, introducing himself as a veteran of the Great Patriotic War, a front-line signalman. He was even considered an honorary cadet in one of the military schools in Kiev.

From November to December 1986, the trial of Grigory Vasyura took place in Minsk. Fourteen volumes of file N9 104 reflected many specific facts of the bloody activities of the Nazi punisher. By the decision of the military tribunal of the Belarusian military district, Vasyura was found guilty of all the crimes incriminated to him and sentenced to the then capital punishment - execution.

During the trial, it was established that he personally destroyed more than 360 peaceful women, the elderly, and children. The executioner petitioned for pardon, where, in particular, he wrote: “I ask you to give me, a sick old man, the opportunity to live life with my family in freedom.”

At the end of 1986, the sentence was carried out.

redeemed

After the defeat of the Germans at Stalingrad, many of those who "faithfully and obediently" served the invaders began to think about their future. The reverse process began: the policemen, who had not stained themselves with massacres, began to leave for partisan detachments, taking service weapons with them. According to Soviet historians, in the central part of the USSR, partisan detachments by the time of liberation consisted of an average of one-fifth of defector policemen.

Here is what was written in the report of the Leningrad headquarters of the partisan movement:

“In September 1943, intelligence officers and intelligence officers decomposed more than ten enemy garrisons, ensured the transition to the partisans up to a thousand people ... Scouts and intelligence workers of the 1st partisan brigade in November 1943 decomposed six enemy garrisons in the settlements of Batory, Lokot, Terentino , Polovo and sent more than eight hundred of them to the partisan brigade.

There were also cases of mass transfers of entire detachments of people who collaborated with the Nazis to the side of the partisans.

On August 16, 1943, the commander of the "Druzhina No. 1", a former lieutenant colonel of the Red Army Gil-Rodionov, and 2200 fighters under his command, having previously shot all the Germans and especially anti-Soviet commanders, moved to the partisans.

The 1st Anti-Fascist Partisan Brigade was formed from the former combatants, and its commander received the rank of colonel and was awarded the Order of the Red Star. The brigade later distinguished itself in battles with the Germans.

Gil-Rodionov himself died on May 14, 1944 with a weapon in his hands near the Belarusian village of Ushachi, covering the breakthrough of a partisan detachment blocked by the Germans. At the same time, his brigade suffered heavy losses - out of 1413 fighters, 1026 people died.

Well, when the Red Army came, it was time for the policemen to answer for everything. Many of them were shot immediately after their release. The People's Court was often swift but fair. The punishers and executioners who managed to escape were still looking for the competent authorities for a long time.

INSTEAD OF EPILOGUE. EX-PUNISHER-VETERAN

The fate of the female punisher, known as Tonka the machine gunner, is interesting and unusual.

Antonina Makarovna Makarova, a Muscovite, served in 1942-1943 with the famous Nazi accomplice Bronislav Kaminsky, who later became the SS Brigadeführer (major general). Makarova acted as an executioner in the Lokot self-government district controlled by Bronislav Kaminsky. She preferred to kill her victims with a machine gun.

“All those sentenced to death were the same for me. Only their number has changed. Usually I was ordered to shoot a group of 27 people - that's how many partisans the cell contained. I shot about 500 meters from the prison near a pit.

The arrested were placed in a chain facing the pit. One of the men rolled out my machine gun to the place of execution. At the command of the authorities, I knelt down and shot at people until everyone fell dead ... ”- she later said during interrogations.

“I did not know those whom I shoot. They didn't know me. Therefore, I was not ashamed in front of them. Sometimes you shoot, you come closer, and someone else twitches. Then again she shot in the head so that the person would not suffer. Sometimes a few prisoners had a piece of plywood hung on their chests with the inscription "Partisan". Some people sang something before they died. After the executions, I cleaned the machine gun in the guardroom or in the yard. There were plenty of ammo…”

Often she had to shoot people with entire families, including children.

After the war, she lived happily for another thirty-three years, got married, became a veteran of labor and an honorary citizen of her town Lepel in the Vitebsk region of Belarus. Her husband was also a participant in the war, was awarded orders and medals. Two adult daughters were proud of their mother.

She was often invited to schools to tell children about her heroic past as a front-line nurse. Nevertheless, all this time Makarov was looking for Soviet justice. And only many years later, an accident allowed the investigators to attack her trail. She confessed to her crimes. In 1978, at the age of fifty-five, Tonka the machine-gunner was shot by a court verdict.

Oleg SEMENOV, journalist (St. Petersburg), "Sovershenno sekretno" newspaper

Some time ago, the Russian media spread the message that in Latvia, a former NKVD officer, now a group I disabled person, 83-year-old Mikhail Farbtukh, was arrested and taken to prison, accused of genocide against the indigenous people of this country. The judicial machine of Latvia did not take into account the fact that the pensioner could not move independently, and he had to be carried to the place of detention on a stretcher.

Few people remained indifferent, having learned about the next manifestation of the “double morality” of the Riga authorities. But there was one person in Veliky Novgorod who was especially touched by this information. Vasily MIKHEEV, a retired FSB colonel, for several decades led the department investigating the acts of German punishers and their henchmen in the Novgorod region, and he knew well that one of the most fierce detachments that shot more than 2,600 people near the village of Zhestyanaya Gorka, Batetsky District, was a team , which consisted mainly of white emigrants and Latvians. Messrs. Klibus, Cirulis, Janis and their other compatriots not only hunted partisans, but also did not hesitate to kill Russian children. And often they spared the cartridges and simply stabbed them with bayonets ...

Vasily Mikheev was sent to the state security agencies in 1950. A soldier who stomped half of Europe during the war did not have to talk about the atrocities and horrors of fascism, but what Vasily Petrovich had to face while serving in the KGB turned out to be much worse than what he saw at the front. Then everything was clear: you have an enemy in front of you, you must destroy it. And now he had to look for these enemies among quite respectable people, tearing off their masks and presenting mountains of children's and women's bones and skulls as an accusation.

The territory of the Novgorod region during the Great Patriotic War was literally stuffed with intelligence, counterintelligence, punitive and propaganda German agencies. There were several reasons for this, including the close frontline zone and the partisan movement. There were about a dozen yagdkommands and punitive battalions alone. Moreover, the main personnel in them were Russians, Balts and other representatives of our multinational state.

In fact, the operational search for German accomplices and war criminals began immediately after the formation of the Novgorod region - in 1944. But several thousand criminal cases were opened, so the work to expose the executioners dragged on for a long time. Not all of them were brought to trial. Many criminals managed to hide abroad, start their own business, become influential people. But still…

In 1965, one of the most high-profile cases was implemented, which had a resonance throughout Europe. It was the case of Erwin Schule, Oberleutnant of the Nazi army, convicted in 1949 by a Soviet court and then expelled from the country. If only we knew that soon our Ministry of Foreign Affairs would unsuccessfully seek the extradition of this criminal on the basis of newly discovered facts of crimes in the Chudovsky district of the Novgorod region! But, alas...

The most interesting thing is that, despite the court ruling, Schule managed to do in Germany dizzying career: he was the head of the Central Office of the country for the investigation of ... Nazi crimes, and all prosecutors were subordinate to him West Germany! And although the secret services failed to get the extradition of the criminal from the German authorities, copies of the protocols of interrogations of witnesses, photographs and other materials nevertheless forced the German authorities to remove the executioner from the political arena.

Another killer, already our compatriot, the former commander of the 667th Shelon punitive battalion, Alexander Riss, lived quite well in the USA, where he died, undisturbed by anyone, in 1984. And during the war years... The battalion and its commander proved themselves in many punitive operations, for which they were highly appreciated by the fascist command as "a reliable and combat-ready formation that successfully solves the tasks assigned to it." The document “Assessment of Battalion 667, Volunteer Jaegers”, which fell into the hands of the Soviet command, says: “Since the beginning of August 1942, the battalion has been continuously participating in battles. In winter, 60 percent of the combat personnel were put on skis and fighter teams were formed from them.

One of the Sheloni operations, carried out on December 19, 1942, became one of the most brutal actions in the Novgorod region. On this day, the punishers dealt with the population of the villages of Bychkovo and Pochinok, Poddorsky (then Belebelkovsky) district. First, the villages were fired from mortars, and then a massive “cleansing operation” began, during which Riss and his people shot people point-blank and threw grenades at their houses. The survivors - about 100 old men, women and children - were driven onto the ice of the Polist River and shot ... In total, 253 people died in these villages, and Alexander Ivanovich (Iogannovich) Riesse was responsible for their death.

The inhabitants of the destroyed villages were randomly buried in the spring of 1943 in common pits. Time has changed the area, a young forest has appeared. But still, during the exhumation 20 years later, four burials were found. And although the examination was carried out by strong healthy men, many of them could not restrain their feelings when children's heads appeared one after another from the clay mess (due to the characteristics of the soil, the remains did not decompose a little), luxurious girl's braids and toys. Apparently, the kids went to their death, hiding from bullets with a ball, and a teddy bear ...

All materials of these crimes and evidence of Riess's involvement in them were handed over to the American authorities. Representatives of the US Department of Justice had already intended to arrive in Novgorod to verify the authenticity of the testimony about his atrocities. But... In the US, the administration has changed, which suddenly for some reason became unprofitable to extradite war criminals. And Riss remained at large, and his children and grandchildren - now the Rysovs - are still living and well: someone in Italy, someone in the Crimea ...

However, not all fighters of the Shelon detachment managed to get off so easily. Vasily Mikheev says:

“Although the criminals tried to stay away from their native places, did not maintain contact with relatives, often changed their place of residence and surnames, we still managed to attack their trail. Here, for example, what a titanic work on conspiracy was carried out by Pavel Aleksashkin, close associate of Alexander Riess. At one time, he received awards from the Germans, and even for special merits he was seconded to Belarus, where he commanded a punitive battalion. After the war, he was very quickly condemned for his service with the Germans (only!). And after serving the minimum sentence, he settled in the Yaroslavl region.

But one day, while investigating the episodes of the case of the murder of partisan Tatyana Markova and her friend by punishers, we needed Aleksashkin's testimony. What was our surprise when, in response to our request, Yaroslavl colleagues reported that Aleksashkin was listed ... as a participant in the Second World War, received all the awards and benefits due to veterans, spoke at schools, talking about his "combat past"! I had to tell people about the true "exploits" of the veteran...

By the way, almost every second policeman or punisher pretended to be war veterans. Pavel Testov, for example, had medals "For the Victory over Germany" and "20 Years of Victory". But in fact, in 1943, he took the oath of allegiance to Nazi Germany and served in the Jagdkommando. On November 26, 1943, this detachment carried out a punitive action against the inhabitants of the villages of Doskino, Tanina Gora and Torchilovo in the Batetsk region, who were hiding from being deported to Germany in the Pandrino tract. There they were attacked by heavily armed Testov and his comrades. They pushed people out of the dugouts and shot them. And 19-year-old Sasha Karaseva and her sister Katya were torn apart alive, tied by their legs to bent trees. Then all the bodies were burned.

Another “honest citizen”, Mikhail Ivanov, a native of the village of Paulino, Starorussky district, who before the war worked as an overseer at the Borovichi penitentiary, forced operatives to run after him around towns and villages for several decades. His biography was, in general, common for many German henchmen: he was drafted into the army, was surrounded, from where he went straight to his home as a constable of the Utushinsky volost, then - a punitive battalion and again executions, robberies, arrests, burning villages ...

After that, he could no longer sit still and wait for them to come for him. Minsk region, Borovichi, Krustpils (Latvia), Leninabad, Chelyabinsk and Arkhangelsk region, Kazakhstan - everywhere Ivanov left his mark. And he ran not alone, but with a cohabitant and six children whom they managed to give birth to during the years of wandering. But the unlucky dad still had to leave a large family and go to places not so remote.

“I have been retired for quite a long time,” says Vasily Mikheev, “but many of my unfinished business still haunt me. Today, war criminals are no longer wanted, and many of them have died. And without that, the special services have enough worries. But crimes against humanity have no statute of limitations. And if now the country bows its head before those who fell victims of political repressions and cleanses their names from slander and disgrace, then the names of executioners and murderers should also be known to people. At least for the sake of those children who covered themselves from bullets on the ice of Polisti with teddy bears ...

(Vladimir Maksimov, AiF)

History reference:

Battalion "Shelon" of Abvergroup No. 111.
Commander - Major of the Red Army Alexander Riss (pseudonyms: Romanov, Kharm, Hart / Hart).
Formed as an anti-partisan detachment.
In October 1942, transferred to the Wehrmacht as the 667th battalion of the ROA, served as the basis for the formation of the 16th Jaeger Regiment of the 16th Army.
Reconnaissance detachment of department 1C 56 TK.
Commander - N. G. Chavchavadze. Reorganized into the 567th reconnaissance squadron of the ROA of the 56th tank corps.
As part of the 1st division of the ROA KONR since the end of 1944.
In 1945-47 he acted as part of the UPA, broke into Austria in 1947.
Russian combat detachment (battalion) AG-107.
Security company AG-107.
Composition: 90 people.
Commanders - Major of the Red Army Klyuchansky, Captain of the Red Army Shat, Senior Lieutenant of the Red Army Chernutsky.
Intelligence school AG-101.
Commanders - Captain Pillui, Captain of the Red Army Pismenny.
AG - 114 "Dromedary" - Armenian.
Commander - Major General "Dro" - Kananyan.
Courses AG-104.
Chief - Major of the Red Army Ozerov.
Formed at the end of 1941 by Major A. I. Riss of the Red Army as the Shelon battalion of Abwehrgroup No. 111. Transferred to the Wehrmacht as the 667th Russian battalion.
Cossack battalion of the Abvergroup No. 218.
Courses for propagandists of the Eastern Ministry in Wulheide.
Chief - Colonel Antonov (Chief of Staff of the VV KONR).
Russian combat detachment (battalion) AG No. 111, commander, Major of the Red Army Alexander Riss. In 1942 - the 667th battalion of the Wehrmacht ROA.

The official name of the unit is the Eastern Jaeger 667th Battalion "Shelon". It was formed in February 1942 at the Dno station, in the upper reaches of the Shelon. It consisted of six companies of a hundred people each. The battalion was commanded by former captain of the Red Army Alexander Riss. The prisoners of war and volunteers selected for service were distinguished by fierce cruelty. The list of documented executions carried out by them barely fit on eight typewritten pages. The mass execution of at least 253 residents of the villages of Bychkovo and Pochinok on the ice of Polisti on December 19, 1942 is highlighted.

One of the first volunteers of the Shelon battalion was G. M. Gurvich. A Jew by nationality, Grigory Moiseevich Gurvich changed his name to Grigory Matveevich Gurevich. He was distinguished by particular cruelty: the investigation established his participation in the execution of at least 25 people.

The subjective side of betrayal is based on the personal characteristics of collaborators. According to the mentioned punitive battalion "Shelon" in different time more than 100 people were found and prosecuted by state security agencies. All of them had a different pre-war fate, they all ended up in the battalion for different reasons. If we talk about the commander of the detachment Alexander Ivanovich Riss, then based on the materials of the search case, a conclusion may arise about his offense against the Soviet authorities. A German by nationality and an officer in the Red Army, he was arrested in 1938 on suspicion of belonging to German intelligence agencies, but released from custody for lack of evidence in 1940. However, when a person at the beginning of the war is sent to the front, where he voluntarily goes over to the side of the enemy, and then methodically engages in executions and tortures of exclusively civilians, is awarded two iron crosses, medals and rises to the rank of major, then a big question arises regarding such a kind of revenge on Stalin regime.
Or another punisher - Grigory Gurvich (aka Gurevich), a Jew by nationality, managed to impersonate a Ukrainian - according to eyewitnesses, he was so cruel and unpredictable that his actions caused fear even among colleagues.

There were many Russians among the punishers, even residents of the Sheloni deployment areas.

There are few Novgorodians left who remember the trial that took place in the building of the Novgorod Drama Theater in December 1947. At that time, there were nineteen servicemen of the German fascist army in the dock. At that trial, there was also talk about the 667th punitive battalion "Shelon", among the leaders of which was a traitor to the Motherland, a former captain of the Soviet Army Alexander Riss. Vasily Petrovich had to work hard, looking for the participants in the atrocities from the battalion under his command.

667th punitive battalion "Shelon", operating in 1942 - 1943 in the southern Priilmenye, destroyed about 40 settlements. The punishers were directly involved in the execution of civilians in the villages of Bychkovo, Pochinok, Zakhody, Petrovo, Nivki, Posoblyaevo, Pustoshka.
The search for punishers, which began during the Great Patriotic War, continued until the early 80s. The last trial took place in 1982.

Battle on the Ice at Polisti

... The massacre of civilians in the villages of Bychkovo and Pochinok, Poddorsky district, was unparalleled in its cruelty. The villages were fired from mortars, and then the punishers broke in and began to throw grenades at people. They drove the surviving children, women and old people onto the ice of the Polist River and almost point-blank shot from machine guns. Then 253 people were killed, and the villages were burned to the ground. These bastards could not even imagine that someone could survive, but some still survived. They crawled on the bloody ice and survived to tell about what happened on that terrible Epiphany - January 19, 1942.

On December 16, 1942, in the area of ​​​​the villages of Pochinok and Bychkovo, a battle took place between partisans and a punitive detachment, as a result of which 17 Germans and policemen were killed.
On December 19, 1942, a punitive detachment broke into these villages with two tanks and one armored vehicle. The population was asked to prepare for eviction within 30 minutes.
By order of the head of the punitive detachment, about 300 people were herded to the Polist River and opened fire on them from machine guns, machine guns and mortars. The ice on the river collapsed from mine explosions. The dead and wounded drowned and were carried away under the ice. The Germans did not allow to remove and in the spring of 1943 the corpses remaining on the ice were carried away to Lake Ilmen.
Tamara Pavlovna Ivanova, born in 1924, a native of the Pochinok village of the Belebelkovsky (now Poddorsky) district of the Leningrad (now Novgorod) region, on December 19, 1942, was seriously wounded by punishers during the execution of residents of the villages of Bychkovo and Pochinok. Eleven of her relatives were killed. Her story about the tragedy on the Polist River in the court session excited not only those present in the hall, but also the composition of the court. Simple, uncomplicated verses written by witness Ivanova showed the tragedy of the situation, the role of Nazi accomplices in the destruction of the civilian population:

We went to death
said goodbye to each other,
We quietly wandered one after another,
And the children smiled so affectionately,
And we didn't know where they were taking us.
We were taken to the river, to the ice,
They ordered to stand in place,
The enemy pointed a machine gun in front of us
It began to pour lead rain ...

T.P. Ivanova acted as a witness in criminal cases on charges of Grigory Gurevich (Gurvich), Nikolai Ivanov, Konstantin Grigoriev, Pavel Burov, Yegor Timofeev, Konstantin Zakharevich. Her personal tragedy during the war years was later reflected in documentary"Case No. 21".
On November 26, 1943, the Yagdkommanda-38 unit, formed from Hitler's accomplices, carried out a punitive operation against the inhabitants of the villages of Doskino, Tanina Gora and Torchinovo, Batetsky District, Leningrad Region. Punishers attacked the forest camp of civilians, surrounded him, and those who tried to escape were killed. In total, more than 150 people were killed in the Pandrino tract.

Retired KGB colonel Vasily Mikheev participated in the investigation of criminal cases on the facts of betrayal and execution of the Medvedsky underground. For thirty years, Vasily Petrovich has been searching for former SS men, punishers who disguised themselves under false names in different parts of the world. One was found in West Germany, the other - in Argentina, the third - in the USA ... And all the long years of work in the KGB, a terrible picture from the past stood in his eyes.
- It was a cold autumn of 1943. The fascist henchman Vaska Likhomanov rode on horseback and dragged a fifteen-year-old boy behind him on a rope: over bumps, through mud ... We were in intelligence and could not help, we had no right. Even then I said to myself: “If I don’t die before victory, I will lay down my whole life so that not a single reptile on our land remains unpunished.”

Together with the 4th Panzer Army, he traveled a long front line from the Kursk Bulge to Prague and survived. Awarded with many military orders and medals, the reconnaissance motorcyclist of the 2nd motorcycle company after the Great Victory began a new offensive operation to search for and bring to justice all state criminals who during the war years killed thousands of innocent people, burned hundreds of villages in the Novgorod region. professional memory The security officer keeps all the episodes of his search counterintelligence work. He remembers not only the names and surnames of the criminals, but also the names of villages, cities and regions where they hid from retribution, the names of their relatives and even their fictitious names.
- The search for traitors to the Motherland, - says Vasily Petrovich, - began immediately after the liberation of the region, in the 44th year. Only on the territory of our small region, a whole network of punitive Jagdkommandos and Sonderkommandos was created, the 667th battalion "Shelon", the Volotovo police, distinguished by special atrocities, teams of the SS and SD, the gendarmerie and other formations. They managed to exterminate our people so much that you wonder how we survived.
There are few Novgorodians left who remember the trial that took place in the building of the Drama Theater in December 1947. At that time, there were nineteen servicemen of the German fascist army in the dock. At that trial, there was also talk about the 667th punitive battalion "Shelon", among the leaders of which was a traitor to the Motherland, a former captain of the Soviet Army Alexander Riss. Vasily Petrovich had to work hard, looking for the participants in the atrocities from the battalion under his command.

The massacre of civilians in the villages of Bychkovo and Pochinok, Poddorsky district, was unparalleled in its cruelty. The villages were fired from mortars, and then the punishers broke in and began to throw grenades at people. They drove the surviving children, women and the elderly onto the ice of the Polist River and almost point-blank shot from machine guns. Then 253 people were killed, and the villages were burned to the ground. Those bastards could not even imagine that someone could survive, but some still survived. They crawled across the bloody ice and survived to tell about what happened on that terrible Epiphany - January 19, 1942.
“We had to investigate this crime with extraordinary scrupulousness,” recalls Mikheev. - We looked for documents about the 667th battalion in our archives and even in archives abroad. We carefully reviewed 40 criminal cases against previously convicted punishers. The criminals tried to stay away from their native places, and even further away from the places where they committed massacres. In that case, we interrogated more than a hundred people, made maps of the places of executions, carried out exhumations and examinations. In the course of this investigation, for the first time, I was convinced how arrogant, cynical these people were, you can’t even call them that. Our employees could hardly restrain themselves from anger and indignation when the criminals came for interrogations in military uniforms with Soviet orders and medals. Among them was Pavel Aleksashkin.

Former senior lieutenant of the Red Army Aleksashkin surrendered already in 1941. He voluntarily entered the service in the punitive battalion "Shelon". He was close to Riess, received awards from the Germans. Then he was convicted, but after serving the minimum term, he settled in Siberia, and then in the Yaroslavl town of Petushki. According to our counterintelligence, he was an eyewitness to many executions on our territory. Aleksashkin was summoned to Novgorod as a witness.
- We were in shock, - recalls Vasily Petrovich. - I even thought that someone wrong was called in for questioning by mistake. Before us appeared a man in military uniform, only without shoulder straps. Several lines of order bars were screwed onto his uniform, on the other side there were badges with the symbols of the Great Patriotic War. We clapped our eyes and began to clarify ... No, this is the same punisher Aleksashkin. In order to extract evidence from him, they even had to take this shot to the places of executions, otherwise he would refuse everything. And even more stunned was the answer of Yaroslavl colleagues to our request. They reported that Aleksashkin, it turns out, was listed as a participant in the war, received awards through the military registration and enlistment offices, visited schools, colleges and universities, where he told young people about his “heroic” deeds. The local authorities gave him a preferential loan for the construction of a house, provided him with building materials. He even made individual street lighting. In general, Pasha lived happily ever after in Petushki. It was only after our intervention that he was stripped of all his awards and explained to the residents of the city who he really was… And he was far from alone.

History reference:

667th Russian Jaeger Ost Battalion "Shelon"
(field mail - Feldpost - 33581А)

Place and time of formation:
in the area of ​​the railway junction station Dno in the villages of Skugry and Nekhotovo (Novgorod region) a few kilometers from the city of Dno in the autumn of 1942.

Contingent:
local volunteers and prisoners of war from among the prisoners of the camp near vil. Skoogry from 19-37 years old. Most of them were previously used by special services in punitive squads or an information network. They took an oath, received a uniform, were placed on all types of allowances. Subsequently, the b-n was replenished with mobilizations of the local population, as well as servicemen of the disbanded Russians of the 310th field gendarmerie battalion, the 410th security battalion, and the anti-partisan company of the headquarters of the 16th German army.

Structure:
headquarters in the village Krivitsy, Volotovsky district, Novogorod region. 6 companies, each with 100 people.

Region of action:
Dnovsky, Volotovsky, Dedovichsky districts. Since the beginning of 1942, constantly in the battles of Serbolovo-Tatinets-Lake Polisto. In the spring of 1943, he took part in the “Deforestation” operation against partisans in the rear of the 16th Army, later the “Sev” operation. Constant executions of local residents and partisans.

Dislocation:
Stage 1 - southwest of the Leningrad region. Headquarters and 2 companies in the villages of Aleksino and Nivki, Dedovichsky District, a stronghold in Der Petrovo, Belebelkinsky District.
In November 1943, he was transferred to the city of Skagen (Denmark) in the north of the Jutland peninsula, where he guarded the sea coast as part of the 714th Grenadier Regiment of the ROA (its 3rd battalion). In the winter of 1945, he was poured into one of the regiments of the 2nd division of the AF KONR. Disbanded in Czechoslovakia.

Armament:
rifles, machine guns, grenades, MG easel and light machine guns, company and battalion mortars (weapons of Soviet and German production).

Guardianship:
Abvergrupa-310 at the 16th NA (Feldpost 14700), 753rd Eastern Regiment (later TsBF "Findeisen"), Koryuk-584, department 1C of the 16th Army.

Command:
1. Riess Alexander Ivanovich (Alexander Riess), German, born in 1904, a native of the village of Alty-Parmak, Evpatoria district of the Tauride province (later - the village of Panino Razdolnensky district Crimea). The former captain of the Red Army, in 1938, was arrested on suspicion of belonging to German intelligence agencies, spent 2 years in a pre-trial detention center, after which he was released due to lack of evidence. He was reinstated in the Red Army, was appointed commander of the battalion of the 524th Infantry Regiment, which was formed in the city of Bereznyaki, Perm Region. In July 1941, in the first battle, the battalion commander Riss voluntarily went over to the side of the Germans in the battle near Idritsa (Pskov region). In his own words, he pointed out to the Germans all the communists among the prisoners captured in battle, after which they were shot.
From August 1941, he served in the Abwehr as a teacher in the Abvergroup-301 Major Hofmeier and AG-111. Aliases "Romanov", aka "Hart" ("Hard"). He was engaged in the preparation and deployment of agents from the southern shore of the lake. Ilmen to the rear of the Soviet troops. During the deployment of AG-310 in the village. Mston personally shot and tortured local residents of the Starorussky district, accusing them of helping the Red Army scouts.
By order of the leadership, he took an active part in the formation of the 667th Russian eastern battalion "Shelon", named after the nearby river. At the first stage, he commanded the 2nd company of the battalion, from April 1943 he headed the battalion. In this position, he also repeatedly personally shot citizens suspected of having links with partisans.
He was awarded two Iron Crosses and several medals. Major ("Sonderführer") of the Wehrmacht.
He was on the list of wanted state criminals under No. 665. After the end of the war, he lived in Germany, in the cities of Bad Aibling, Kreuzburg and Rosenheim, participated in the work of the NTS. In 1949 he left for permanent residence in the United States, received citizenship, lived in Cleveland, Ohio under the name Riess.

2. The first commander of the emerging battalion was German Major Karl Schivek (Schiwek), companies - 1st Captain Mayer (Meyer), 3rd - Lieutenant Furst (Foerst), 4th Lieutenant Zalder (Zalder), 5th - Lieutenant Walger (Walger), 6th - Oberleutnant Kollit (Kollit), 2nd company - Sonderführer Riess (Riess), adjutant of the battalion commander Daniel, ordinance officer - Lieutenant Schumacher, translators - Sonderführer Schmidt and Lavendel. A few months later, in connection with the successful combat adaptation of personnel to serve in the German army, Alexander Riss was appointed commander of the 667th battalion, Captain Mayer as an adviser, company commanders - 1st - Sidorenko, 2nd - Radchenko (it was to him that Riss gave his company), 3rd - Koshelap, 4th - Zalder.

3. Company commanders - N. Koshelap - born in 1922, nee. Kiev region, the commander of the 3rd company of the battalion, captain, graduated from the ROA school in Dabendorf, after which he was appointed commander of the 3rd company of the 667th Ost Battalion; awarded with German medals. Arrested, sentenced to 25 years, released in 1960, lived in Vorkuta.
The commander of the reconnaissance group (Yagd-team) of the battalion Konstantin Grigoriev, surrendered in August 1941, studied at reconnaissance schools in Vyatsati and Vihula, served in the punitive detachment of Lieutenant Shpitsky, after it was defeated by partisans in February 1942, one of the first volunteers 667th ost battalion.
Member of a number of successful anti-partisan operations, took part in mass executions. After being seriously wounded and cured, he served in AG-203, preparing to be thrown into Soviet rear in the region of the lake Balaton; due to health reasons, he was demobilized at the end of 1944 with the rank of sergeant major of the Wehrmacht with the Iron Cross 2nd class, medals "For the winter campaign in the East", "For courage" (twice), Assault badge, badge "For wound". After the end of the war, he lived in Germany, was convicted by a German court for a criminal offense (smuggling), during the investigation he informed that he was a Soviet citizen and applied for repatriation, pretended to be a victim of fascism. Following with a group of repatriates, he committed several thefts and was convicted by a Soviet court. To the original term, for similar crimes, a term was added already in places of deprivation of liberty. Released in 1956, arrived in Leningrad, committed another crime. During the investigation, G. became interested in the KGB. On May 30, 1960, at the trial, the military tribunal of the Leningrad Region sentenced G. to capital punishment.

Deputy battalion commander - Pavel Radchenko, aka Viktor Moiseenko, born in 1919, born in Grushevki, Srebnyansky district, Chernihiv region, Ukrainian, former soldier of the Red Army. At the first stage of the existence of the 667th battalion, he commanded a platoon of the 2nd company. In March 1944 he headed the 2nd company. At the same time he was deputy battalion commander (A.I. Rissa) and in his absence acted as battalion commander. In 1945, after Riss left the battalion, he was appointed its commander.
In the summer of 1943, Radchenko's company burned down the village of Lyady in the Utorgoshsky district of the NO. In 1945, Mr.. R. led the battalion, awarded LCD and medals, captain of the Wehrmacht. After the war, he also lived in Cleveland (USA) under the name Viktor Moiseenko. A search case was opened in the KGB under the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR in the Chernihiv region, but was terminated due to the establishment of a person involved in residence abroad. Conducted correspondence with relatives, controlled by censorship.