Terek Cossacks: Russians who dance Lezginka. Trench Cossacks: History, Songs, Traditions of the Terek Cossack troops

Military chronicle

Seniority since 1577

Capital - Vladikavkaz
Military holiday - St. Bartholomewee
Military circle - August 25

The Teress Cossacks goes deep in centuries. Vintage legends are narrowing about those who lived at the comb covers of free Cossacks, which in 1380 were blessed and presented as a gift the holy icon of the Virgin Mary (Grebnevskaya) to the great prince Dmitry, who returned from the Kulikov battle. After 200 years, the descendants of these Cossacks led by Ataman Andrei Shadda came to Northern Dagestan and founded Russian settlements on the right bank of Terek. Novoseli marked the beginning of the Grebenss, who did not bother with the service of any sovereign and preferred to have alliative relations with all.

Don, Volga and Yaitsky Cossacks begin to serve the Russian state, as part of the advanced Russian detachments participating in the campaigns on North Caucasus After the conclusion of the king of John Grozny in 1557, the Union of Friendship and Mutual Assistance with Kabardinian and Circassian princes, by order of Voevod Babychev and Prostasyev, serve people to defend their allies and with their consent in 1567 an increase in the grater.

After 10 years, the Astrakhan Governor Lukyan Novosillese rebuilt him and founded a strong fortress for those times, the garrison was made up of family Cossacks and Archers. In 1584, the community of free Cossacks joined the inhabitants of the fortress, and thus began the beginning of the Terek army. With the formation of the Terek Voivodeship in 1588 and the creation of a new Terek fortress, the outpost of Russian forces in the Caucasus, the Irregular Service of the Terek Cossacks of Russia begins.

Settlers quickly found mutual language With local residents, they began to adopt their customs, wearing their weapons, to rush with them. Cossack wives led the farm, along with her husbands, wheat, millet, corn, grapes and other plants were grown with her husbands. For terts who did not receive a salary, nor food, the role of their farm was essential. Waigly went to the Cossacks and young mountains. Anyone could become the TERSK Cossack, while Grebensky is only Orthodox.

The beginning of the XVII century was marked by the joint struggle of the Cossacks and their allies with their enemies. In 1633, the Grebensky and Terek Cossacks smash the small Nogai Horde. In 1651, the comb together with the warriors of Prince Cherkassy defended the Sunzhen fortress from attacking numerically superior to the Persian and Kumyk troops and won the enemy, for which they received gratitude from Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.

The life of the Cossacks in the Caucasus was becoming anxious, but they continued to carry the service until the detachments of hostile locals, taking advantage of the exit of a significant part of the Cossacks in the outfit, did not attack their settlements, destroyed them at home, took captive wives and children. In 1680, after a number of bloody collisions with Chechens, the Grebensky army using Prince Cherkassy began to move to a cape formed by the merge of the Suni and Terek rivers. In 1685, the Cossacks settled in a new place, but their position was still dangerous.

At the beginning of the XVIII century, in the residence of the Grebensky and Terek Cossacks among the Caucasian peoples began to quickly spread Islam. Military Kalmyki-nomads came to the edge, kumyki and nog followed. The life of the Cossacks has turned into continuous military clashes and reflection of attacks. In 1701, the village of Shchedrin was subjected to the siege, but the comb defended their land. In 1711, Admiral General P. M. Apraksin, examined by Russian settlements in the North Caucasus, proposed for security reasons to relocate the Greedy army on the left bank of Terek. A year later, five villages were built in a new place - shy, Shchedrian, Novogladkovskaya, Starladovka-Skye and Kurdyukovskaya in the direction of the Terek to the Teresk fortress. Thus, the beginning of the Cossack 88-kilometer cordon line and the establishment of constant communication between the Cossack troops was in the Caucasus.

According to the old custom, all the cases of the Cossacks were carried on the military circle, in which any adult Cossack could participate. The military circle belonged to all power, legislative, executive, military and judicial issues were solved on it. There were also elected for a one-year term for the implementation of the approved solutions of the military ataman, the military officer, which embodied the decisions of the military attack, the military chanting, a banquer and the military writer. The social structure of each Cossack Stanny repeated the military structure. The power of both the military and the Stanic Ataman was controlled by the Council of Starikov. Each village enjoyed complete autonomy in the affairs of his settlement, but the orders of the High Instant were unquestioned.

In 1720, the distillation of the Cossack community-cresting army was partially limited to the Astrakhan governor, and next year of the military board. In 1722, during the Persian campaign, the Emperor Peter I arrived at the North Caucasus, inspected the TERS fortress and, by choosing a place for the new fortress - the Holy Cross on the river, ordered there to translate the former garrison. In the same 1722, the device of the cordon line on Sulaku Begins to merge him with Agrahana, for which part of the terrestes and a thousand Cossack families from Don were resettled to a new place and formed an agrahan army, which in three years was awarded the banner (in 1727 banners Received Teresk and Grebenskoye troops). The agrakhans continuously reflected the attacks of the militant neighbors, constantly moved to new places, suffered from local fever, a significant part of them extinct. In 1735, according to the Agreement with Persia, Russia returned to her all the conquered lands on the banks of the Caspian Sea. The new border between the states was the Terek River. The following year, to strengthen the Russian positions, ensuring the security of the allies, Cossacks and other settlers, the Kizlyar fortress is built and the construction of a new cordon line begins. Above the Kizlyar, part of the Agrahaans (from the Don Cossacks), which built Borozdinskaya, Dubovskaya and Kargali village, forming a terche-family army were reset. The agrakhans-ternts settled below the Kizlyar, reaching the TERSKY-Kizlyar army, which soon merged with the Teress family.

In 1746, this army connected with Grebensky. The new army was called Grebensky, but across nine years it was distinguished by an independent terche family. Both the Grebensky army (exhibiting 450 servants of the Cossacks) and the Teressia-Family (exposed 400 servants of the Cossacks) and the Tereski-Kizlyland (exhibiting 200 serviced Cossacks) were subordinate to the Kizlyar commandant, the Astrakhan Governor and the High Instant - the Military College. They watched the service and contentment of the Cossacks - gave orders, supplemented with ammunition, the salary was released (monetary, bread, wine and even salt). In internal affairs The Cossacks retained independence, with the exception of the Ter-Skogo-Kizlyar troops, where the Atamans were appointed by the Russian government.

During the reign of Empress Ekaterinaii (1762-1796), the development of the Caucasus Russian went with an accelerated pace. In 1763, by agreement with the Kabardian prince Konchokin, a Mozdok fortification was built, which soon turned into a strong fortress. He served in her garrison from the Teresk and Grebensky Cossacks. To strengthen the garrison to the Mozdok area in 1770, 517 families of the Volga Cossack troops were resettled, settled by five villages (Gallugai, Isshera, Naur, Mekane and Kalinovskaya), 100 families of canonirov from Don, who formed a Lukovskaya village, 250 Don Cossacks to enhance artillery and all the lower Cossack team of the Moscow Legion. From the Kabardians, a two-hundredth Mozdek city Cossack team was formed, and then enrolled in the Cossacks of 200 families of baptized Kalmykov, the fortress militia translated from Saratov and created the Stodarovsk village. All these settlements were formed by the Mozdok Cossack Regiment, exposed one thousand serviced Cossacks.

In 1776, Volgskoe, Grebenskoe, Teresk-Kizlyar and Teresk family Cossack troops, Mozdok and Astrakhan Cossack shelves were connected to one Astrakhan army.

In 1777, to continue the line of Cossack settlements from Mozdok further to Azov (a number of fortifications to Russia, a number of fortifications, a number of fortifications were raised to Russia - from the fall of the Malki River to Terek and then in Kura, Skeka, Kuma. The remaining 700 families of the Volga Cossacks (mainly from the Donets), which were founded by the village of Ekaterinograd, Pavlovskaya, Maryan and settlements, were translated into this line (mainly from Donets, Pavlovskaya and Aleksandrovskaya, subsequently those who were the Volga Cossack Regiment (from six hundred hundred).

In 1783, the Kuban River was determined by the border between Russia and Turkey, because of which the Mozdok line was inside the Russian state. Cossack settlements began to move to the south, reaching the Kuban Torders, where the Black Sea and Don Cossacks soon settled.

In 1786, Grebenskoe, theory-family, Volga and Teresk Cossack troops and the Mozdok Cossack Regiment were separated from the Astrakhan troops and together with the Hawa Cossack regiment were called the named Caucasian Cossacks line. They were transferred to the management of the Georgian Corps Commander, and they were subordinate to the civil line to Governor of the Caucasian province, in the military - military (regimental) commanders and county heads.

IN early XIX. Century All Cossack men's population was considered served from 15 years for a period of 25 years. The number of servant Cossacks was determined by the number of families, so each family exhibited one Cossack. Cossacks who have entered permanent service (2775 people) received a salary who was in the local service (2500 people), did not have it. Since 1802, the linen besides military duties should have been free

means: posttoye and underwater, road and postal, construction and many others. The service becomes more severe.

The situation of the Cossacks was aggravated by the beginning of the Caucasian War (1817-1864), which was worn by partisan. The peculiarities of the terrain, open and convenient for attack by large detachments, demanded from the rates of speed and mobility, so they were all equestrian. Cossacks served not only in strengthening: a special role was assigned to drive, exploration and equestrian ambushes (pledge). All Cossacks participated in day patrols and secrets. The most experienced and deft, who had strong and frisky horses were collected. Their task was to penetrate into the depths of the enemy territory, follow the appearance of the enemy, skipping it forward, determine its strength and number, learn the direction of movement, monitoring until the opponent's plans are clear. Laines-slaughterhouses conducted single intelligence near their territory. All Cossacks considered their duty to defend the allies, which caused hostility to their unfriendly mountains. Long-term collisions with Chechens, Dagestanis and others forced the Cossacks to take the tactics of the enemy - to respond to the raid, on the ambush - ambushed, etc., and the methods of struggle were mutually cruel and sophisticated.

Life on the border with warring neighbors affected the community-based device of the Cossacks, subordinate to the needs of the war. The control of the army was distinguished by simplicity and military discipline. The Cossacks located in the villages made a troops or regiment. At the head of all the villages stood a military commander, from whom the Cossack of the foreman, who commanded and the villages managed along with him. Stanic self-government has been joining the management of everyday life and relied on solutions of finishing circles, or assemblies.

In 1808, two equestrian-artillery companies were formed to enhance the military Cossack power with the shelves, which were first among nine years among the rules, uniform uniforms - uniform, pants, headdress and shoes of the Circassian sample.

In 1824, a new Cossack line was formed to strengthen the cordon line between Mozdok and the first villages of the Volga Regiment, the garrisons made up the resettled Lukovskaya and Ekaterinograd village, the Cossack Mozdek city team (formed a town village), the inhabitants of the two Ossetian villages (later the Chernoyarsk and Novo-Ossetian villages) , Four Russian Slobodov, transformed into Pavlodolskaya, approximate, cool and soldier's village. Four years later they were attached to the state and Kurski villages created from Russian civilian villages. All together they made up the mountain Cossack regiment from six hundred. Thus, by the end of the reign of Alexander I (1801 -1825), six Cossack formations arose in the Caucasus, whose settlements began at the Caspian Sea and were in the following order: Teresk-Kizlyarskaya, Teressia-family, Grebensky troops, Mozdok, Volga, Gorsky Shelves, Forming a line of more than 7,500 km long.

In 1825, at the beginning of the reign of Nicholas I, total number The employees of the Cossacks of the Caucasian line reached 7 thousand people, and in the future because of wars with Persion, Turkey, the regiments were numerically increased.

Recognition of their merit was the first signs on the headdiers "for the difference", obtained in 1830 by the 5th equestrian-artillery company of the Caucasian Cossacks of the Cossacks, and through the year-banners who were awarded all the above troops and shelves.

In 1831, the form of uniforms of the Circassian sample was installed in linear equestrian Cossacks. In 1832, the leibal guard team of the Caucasian linear Cossacks was appointed for the manifestation of the feats in the fight against the enemy from the team shelf (formed a year earlier) in his own imperial Majesty's convoy.

1832 became a turning point for the rules - the army entered into the national Russian military Organization. The Turkish-Kizlyar army was reinforced by servilative tatars who settled a special stancing along Terek. The lines were provided with all fish crafts, except for five sites on the Kuma River, and all forests that were in the Cossack lands. Grebenskoe, terrestrial family and terchelar troops were renamed to the Grebenskaya, the TERSKY and Kizlyak Cossack shelves and, together with Mozdok, Volgsky, the Caucasian Cossack shelves and others were formed by the Caucasian linear army. In the same year, the first adultery of the newly educated troops was appointed - Lieutenant-General P. S. Verzilin.

The Cossack service in the Caucasus demanded complete dedication, dedication and combat readiness from them. The armed troops of the horses constantly attacked the Cossack Stitsa, turning them into ruins and ash.

In 1837, in order to ensure a safe communication with Georgia - the Russians of Vladikavkaz strengthening, two Malorosiysk regiments were settled, formed in 1831, reinforced by partially linear Cossacks and immigrants from Voronezh, Chernihiv and Kharkiv provinces (Prokrabskaya, Kotlya-Velvaya, Alexandrovskaya , Urukhskaya, Snake, Nikolaev, Ardon and Archon Stanitsa). All of them formed the Vladikavkaz Cossack regiment from six buildings hundreds, which was later ranked as Caucasian linear army.

The appearance of the villages led to the development of the coast of the Sunya River. In 1845, the construction of a new cordon line began. Cossacks on the lot, in public sentences or voluntarily left the TERS line and went on a new place. In the upper reaches of Sunii, eight villages (Vladikavkaz, Cambileevskaya, Tarskaya, Novo-Sunzhensky, Aki-Yurtovskaya, Feldmarsh, Nesterovskaya and Galashevskaya) were formed, who were the 2nd Vladikavkaz Cossack Regiment (from six hundred hundred). On average, seven villages (Troitskaya, Magomet-Yurtovskaya, Karabulak, Trinity, Sunzhenskaya, Mikhailovskaya, Assinskaya, Troitskaya, Sunzhenskaya, Mikhailovskaya and Assinskaya), where the resettled Don Cossacks lived. They all formed subsequently the 1st Sunzhen regiment. In the lower flow of the suni to the bragunov and hot water, eight villages were formed - Samashki, Uchar-Yurt, Alkhan-Yurt, Groznenskaya, Petropavlovskaya, Dzalkinskaya, Umakhan-Yurt and Goryachevodskaya (Donets, Azov Cossacks, etc.), and then the 2nd Sunzhensky Regiment (from six hundred).

In 1845, the "Regulations on the Caucasus Linear Cossack Troops" was first approved, governing the management and order of service. The army was divided into 17 regimental districts that set up to 90 thousand Cossacks - the team of the Life Guards of the Caucasian linear Cossacks of his own imperial Majesty of Conv, a division as part of the Caucasian consolidated-irregular shelf, 17 equestrian regiments of six hundred (eight brigades, of which 6 "The brigade was the 1st and 2nd Volga regiments, the 7th Brigade - the Teress and Vladikavkaz regiments, the 8th - Mozdok, Grebenskaya and Kizlyarian shelves), the equestrian artillery-whit-eyed brigade and scheduled for the formation of the 1st and 2nd Sunzhenian shelves.

The control of the army was divided into military and civilian. The local government consisted of an obscured Ataman of Caucasian linear troops, military duty, military board, brigade departments, temporary military commissions, regimental and finnote administrations of a shopping word. In business for troops had great importance Military Board. In civilian administration, a significant role was played, on the one hand, brigadiers and regimental management, and on the other hand. All of these institutions were related to each other: the lower instance was the striking governance, and the highest - brigades. These controls consisted of the commander and his office, which was headed by a brigade adjutant. The composition of the regimental departments included the chairman - the regimental commander and four or three assessors, appointed, as a rule, from retired officials. Stanic controls were actually the authorities of the Cossack self-government. They consisted of bed bosses and two elected judges. Stanic chiefs were appointed by the military administration and only from officers or officials on the presentation of brigadier commanders and with the consent of the military apparent ataman. The village boss was independent of the community, which was dictated by military conditions (the adoption of urgent measures to reflect the attack, public safety, etc.). The judges were not officers, they used the rights of the latter.

In 1850, the young still Sunzhenian regiment was awarded a simple banner for the eastern (Crimean) war, the Caucasian linear army in 1856 received the first Georgievsky banner, and then in 1860, Georgievsky banners received the Gorsky, Volgsky, Mozdok, Greboy, Kizlyarsky, 1 And the 2nd Sunzhenian shelves.

In 1855, at the beginning of the reign of Alexanderii, there were 10 thousand Cossacks of the lines. A year later, the service life for the Caucasus linear troops was reduced from 30 to 25 years, of which 22 years of field and three - internal services.

In 1860, at the initiative of the adjutant general, Prince A. N. Baryatinsky, Commander-in-chief of the troops and the governor in the Caucasus, the Caucasus line was divided into two parts - the right (Kuban region) and the left (TERSK region). The heads of the regions were simultaneously commander of the troops.

The Cossacks of the TERSKY region amounted to the Teress Cossack army in 1861. In militarily, it consisted of five brigades (the first-1st and 2nd Volga regiments, the second - the Gorsky and Mozdok shelves, the third - the crest and Kizlyarian shelves, the fourth-1st and 2nd Vladikavkaz shelves, the fifth -1-th and 2nd Sunzhenian shelves), the equestrian battery, the reserve and the Life Guard of the Caucasian Terk Cossack squadron of his own imperial majesty convoy.

In 1864, a significant event occurred in the life of the Caucasian Cossacks - their service life was reduced from 25 to 22 years, of which 15 years on the field and 7 years in the internal service. After six years, new significant changes were conducted: the magnitude service in the Cossack troops was canceled, only the number of Cossacks for the acquisition of regiments and batteries was exhibited. From a non-serving discharge of the Cossacks began to be charged to the military treasury.

Instead of five brigades, in addition to the artillery and other parts, five horse regiments of the 3rd stage were formed, firstly, in order for the Cossack with a peaceful course of public life for the year of service two years of benefits, and secondly, in the event of war to each Of the five regiments, two more two were added. The following names were assigned to the carving parts: the 1st Volga (from the regiments of the 1st Brigade), Gorsko-Mozdok (from the regiments of the 2nd Brigade), Kizlyaro-Grebenskaya (from the regiments of the 3rd brigade), Vladikavkaz (from regiments 4- B Brigade), Sunzhensky (from the regiments of the 5th Brigade) and the 1st and 2nd equestrian-artillery batteries.

The service life itself is reduced, and by its expiration, the Cossack received full resignation. A new military form of uniforms was also introduced.

In 1870, the change and civilian structure of the TERSK region has undergone. The provincial institutions appeared, and the region included not only the lands of the Terk Cossack troops, but also the land of the peasants of the mountainous districts. The position of the head of the region was connected with the post of punishable ataman of the Terk Cossack troops.

In 1874, the seniority of the Terk Cossack troops has been established legally established since 1577, and the regiments - Kizlyaro-Grebensky from 1577, Gorsko-Mozdok and Volgovsky since 1732, Vladikavkaz - from 1832 and Sunzhensky - from 1845.

During the reign of Alexander II, the Terek Cossacks were awarded by St. George's banners (1st and 2nd Volga regiments), Georgievski Standards (Life Guard Caucasian Terch Cossack Squadron of his own imperial Majesty Conv, the 2nd Vladikavkaz regiment), St. George Silver Pipes ( 1st and 2nd equestrian batteries, 4th hundred Kizlyaro-Grebensky and 1st hundred Sunzhenian regiments), a simple banner (2nd Vladikavkaz regiment), insignia signs on hats.

In 1881, by the beginning of the reign of Alexander GGH, the number of the TERSKY Cossack population reached 130 thousand people of both sexes, including people of the male of military unit - 66,840 people, of which 3759 people were in the actual service (5.6% of the men's population Floor military class). The TERSK Cossack army exhibited 15 equestrian regiments of four hundred, two equestrian batteries of six guns and one Life Guard Caucasian Terch Cossack Squadron of his own imperial Majesty Conv.

In 1881, for the heroic service of Russia, for centuries, the army was awarded the anniversary George banner with the anniversary Alexandrovsk ribbon, and the 1st and 2nd Kizlyaro-Grebensky regions - Georgievskaya standards with anniversary Alexandrovsky ribbons; The 3rd Kizlyaro-Ring Channel received a simple standard.

In 1882, a new provision on the military service of the Terk Cossack troops was established, while the Sunzhensky and Vladikavkaz regiments are connected to the 1st Sunzhen-Vladikavkaz Cossack Regiment, and then each regiment of the Terek Forces was divided into three shelf of the same name, for example, Gorso-Mozdok, but With the addition of the number of the queue (from the regiments in peacetime, the 1st regiment was located in the service, and the 2nd and 3rd - on the benefit). Thus, in peacetime from the troops, four, and in wartime 12 regiments.

In 1888, a "institution of management of the Kuban and Teresk regions" was signed, according to which the main local government entrusted to the commander of the Caucasian Military District, the Office of the TERSKY region focused on the head of the region, he is also an adequate ataman and in the regional government, replaced by the abolished military board. The regional government was subordinate to the three departments management and four departments of districts. In 1890, the day of the military holiday was installed - August 25, St. Bartholomew.

In 1894, by the beginning of the reign of Nikolai GG, the population of the Terk Cossack troops numbered 800 thousand persons of both sexes, including the male sex of the military unit of 82 thousand people, of which about 40 thousand consisted in the actual service. In the ranks were: Life Guard 1st and 2nd TERS hundreds of their own imperial majesty convoy, four shelf six hundred and two equestrian batteries for four guns - only 26 hundred and eight guns.

In the administrative terms, the TERSK Region shared into four departments: Pyatigorsky (Stanitsa Volga Regiment), Mozdoksky (village of the Gorsko-Mozdok Regiment), Kizlyarsky (villages of the Kizlyaro-Grebensky Regiment), Sunzhensky (village of the Sunzhensko-Vladikavkaz regiment) and six non-liberty districts and regions of Vladikavkaz . In total, there were 70 studs in the TERSK region.

The highest power in the Caucasus possessed the royal governor, who belonged to the rights of the Minister of the Interior, he also headed the main local department of regions (Teresk and Kuban). He was also assigned the title of military unavogable attack of the Caucasian Cossack troops (Terek and Kuban). The direct control of the TERSKY region carried out the head of the region, he is also an overall Ataman of the Terkha Cossack troops, headed by the regional rule.

In addition to the general rights of the governor, the head of the region was assigned special rights to local security guards, urban population and persons belonging to the Terk Cossack tiles. With the head of the region, his office and two assistants were held, of which the eldest (replacing it in the case of lack) was directly monitoring the military training of the Cossacks of the serviceive composition, and the youngest performed the duties of the vice-governor. With the overthrow Ataman of the Terk Cossack troops, there was a military headquarters, which was led by the Cossacks Service. Department management carried out atamans of departments, and the counties are the heads of the districts, which were assigned all the rights of county corrections, but, in addition, they were supervised supervision of public administrations in the settlements of departments (districts). The districts and departments were divided into administrative policies, entrusted to the heads of sites that performed the features and partly of the Zemsky boss (except for the foregoing).

In 1907, four local Cossack teams were formed to carry the service inside the troops: Groznenskaya, Vladikavkaz, Hot-Water and Prokhaladna.

Cossacks of the priority parts carried military service in various places of the Empire: Life Guard 1st and 2nd TERSK Hundreds of Convo in Tsarskoye Selo, Kizlyaro-Combian Regiment in Grozny and Vladikavkaz, Volga Regiment in Kamenets-Podolsk, Sunzhensko-Vladikavkaz regiment in the tract Khan Kenda, Gorsko-Mozdok in the town of Olta, 1st Cossack Battery in the city of Akhalkalaki, 2nd Cossack Battery in Mozdok.

In 1901, the first Sunzhensko-Vladikavkaz regiment was awarded the name of the Heroes of the Caucasian Wars, the name of General N. P. Sleptsova, and after three years the names of the generals A. P. Yermolov and F. A. Krukovsky were given to Kizlyaro-Grebensky and Gorsko - Mosk-skis shelves. In 1908, as a reward for the right and zealous service, both the Military, and in peacetime, all the lower ranks were assigned a white tape on the collars of Beshtov and the Circus collars, in 1911 the Cossacks of the Sunzhensko-Vladikavkaz regiment, instead of her received a St. George braid.

In 1914, the Teress Cossack army in full, performed at the front. In the battles for Russia, it was huge losses, but selflessly fulfilled his military debt.

Since 1577. According to his seniority, from the same year, the seniority of the entire Terk Cossack troops began to be considered, and the regiment was located. This date is dedicated to the founding of the Teress Governor L. Z. Novosil resident Grater/Terks (Sunzhensky Ostrog) on \u200b\u200bthe River Terek opposite the junction in it. However, modern researchers (eg prominent Caucasian E. N. Kushev) argue that the basis of this Ostrog occurred not in 1577, and in 1578, also today, it is known that it was already the second construction of the Russian state in this place.

History

Early History

The path of Russians in the Caucasus opened under Ivan Grozny after the accession of Astrakhan Khanate (1556) and the marriage of the king at the Kabardian Princess Maria Tharynukov (1561). By this time, the Cossacks on Terek, Sunzhe and Agrani have already lived at least a century. Some researchers associate the emergence of Sunzhenskiy (Grebenskih) and the Agrahan (Caspian) Cossacks with Poms-Oshkiniki, migrating along the Volga and Caspian in the XIII-XIV centuries. In 1563, the Voivode Plescheev at the chapter 500 of the Streltsov first turns out to be on the Terek River. Following the Archers on the Terek, the Volga Cossacks (descendants of the Don Cossacks), who disturb the Nogai Murza Tinechmat (the territory of the Western Caspian Sea north was called the Nogai Stepha). In 1567, in the area of \u200b\u200bmodern Kizlyar, the Russian governors are building a TERSKY city, which under pressure from Turkey they have to leave. In 1577, the Russians from Astrakhan again revive the Tryski city, the influx of people on Terek is associated with repression against the Volga Cossacks of the So-Stolnik Ivan Murashkina. It is noteworthy that from this time the Terek Cossacks lead their seniority. However, the border between the Russian state and Kumyk shamhamility was fuzzy. During the unsuccessful campaign of Prince Twigs in Dagestan (1594) about 1000 TERSKY Cossacks joined the Russian army. No less unfortunate was the campource camper (1604), to which the Tereg Cossacks also joined. However, the failures of the governor turned to a relatively freeze place for the Cossacks. In 1606, it was on Terek who was collected by the Buntingman Ilya (Ilyuk) Muromets. In the meantime, Turkey loses its influence on the banks of the Terek, and the Buddhists of the North Caucasus displaces the Buddhists from the steppes of the North Caucasus. Thousands of Cossack cities on Terek and Sunzhe are known to the openings of the XVI-XVII centuries - Terks, Tyumen, Sunzha (on the site of the current Grozny) and Andrei (now - Aul Ender in Dagestan). As a result of the campaigns of the Iranian army, Hosrov-Khan (1651-1653), many Cossack settlements on Terek cease their existence, and the Cossacks themselves go to the shadow of a pro-Russian Kabarda, which is fighting both against Dagestan Kumykov and Kuban Nogai. Probably, it is then that the Terek Cossacks begin to call grebenskiy, that is, mountain, living on the "ridge" (Teresk Range):, in Mezhdrachye Terek and Sunii. Trench Cossacks They acquired their originality, perceiving the elements of culture, genotype and anthropotype of local Caucasian tribes (Ossetians, Circassians, Georgians, Armenians, Kabardians, Chechens and Kumykov).

Grebenskoe Cossack army

North Caucasus in the XVIII century

In 1711, some revival begins in the Ring Cossacks environment. They begin to settle down the shores of Terek. New Cossack cities are being built, now known as Stanitsa: Cherry, Shchedrian, Novogladovskaya, Starogladovskaya and Kurdyukovskaya. These towns, named after the names or nicknames of Atamans, stretched along the left bank of the Terek. In 1717, Ataman Basmanov is mentioned, which, at the chapter of 500 Ring Cossacks, takes part in the Khiva campaign of Prince Beckovich-Cherkasi.

At the same time, the Cossacks lose their liberty, turning into an ordered army, which at first submitted to the Astrakhan governor, and then (from 1721) of the Military Collegium in St. Petersburg.

In 1723, instead of the abolished old Russian fortresses in the North Caucasus, the fortress of the Holy Cross is laid, after the dispersion of which Kizlyar is built in 1735. The Don Cossacks settle down near him, who later form the "Terek-family army" (different from the Greedsky Cossacks, but also the Teresk army). The following their towns are known: Alexandrovskaya, Borozdinskaya, Kargali, Dubovskaya.

Russian-Turkish War

In 1771, Emelyan Pugachev appears in the midst of war on Terek (Stanjan Kargali), however, the Town Ataman Pavel Tatar residents concludes confusion to the arrest in Mozdok prison, from which Pugachev runs to the Yaitsky Cossacks.

23 (10) June 1774 TERSK Cossacks under the command of Colonel Ivan Savelyev for about a day heroically reflects the staining of the village by Nurska forces of 8 thousand Crimean Tatars, Turks, Highlanders and cossack-Starovier Nekrasovtsev [ ], which was supervised by Kalga from the genus of the Crimean Chanov Shabaz Gary. It was truly a heroic defense, since the main power of the village - the Cossacks of the Cossacks - at this time were in a military campaign, and only old men, women, children and a small legion team remained at home. Nursing Cossacks, dressed in red sundresses, who reflected enemy attacks along with husbands and brothers, came to protect their native town. At the same time, on women, including, the duty was charged to maintain fires, warm up the resin and boiling water and pour them from the walls on the storming. It is said that even soup, cooked to dinner, the Cossacks "went into the case" to protect the strengthening. At the same time, women shoulder to shoulder with old Volzhsky Cossacks met violent attacks, mowed the enemies appearing on the earthen shaft, defended themselves with sulfur. In the strengthening there were cast-iron guns, which, depending on where the attack was intensified, was transported on people from place to place. The storms suffered large losses (up to 800 people). Among the dead was one famous mountain ruled rule, Prince of Kagok Tatarkhanov, while his body remained lying on the battlefield not rented retreating attackers. This fact indicates a significant loss of the spirit of the precipitated spirit, since they were considered sacred debt to endure from the battlefield of the body of the killed, and, moreover, leaders. The battle for Naur was walking a whole day, during which the vents waited for help, but there was no help. In total, in forty versers there was a stagnaya wormland, but there were no messages with her. Also transmit that the powder cannonade was heard in the wormland, but for some reason the commander was heard in the village of the infantry regiment, for some reason he thought that there were some holiday with fireworks and a feet who loved the old Colonel Savelyev, the commander of the Mozdok Cossacks. So passed all day. With the dawn of the next day, the Cossack guns began to shoot again, but unexpectedly the enemy began to quickly move away from the village. It is said that the removal of the siege of the Stanniki was obliged to the Cossacks Perepukh, who brought his gun to the Kurgan, where there was a Shabaz-Gurya rate, and a good shot killed the nephew of Kalga himself. In this Kalga, he saw a bad omen and did not want to stay here anymore. Many women for the defense of Nahur were awarded medals. Subsequently, recalling this event, the Cossacks respectively called him " this is a babium holiday».

Astrakhan Cossack army

In 1776, Grebenskoe, Volgovskoye, the Terek-Kizlyla and Terek-family Cossack army became part of the Astrakhan Cossack troops. The post-war time is used to build new stans: Ekateringrad, Pavlovskaya, Maryn and Cossack settlements in the fasteners of Georgievskaya and Alexandrovskaya due to the second half of the Volga Regiment. In 1784, after the adoption of Georgia under the Protectorate of Russia, Vladikavkaz is laid on the eve of the Darialya Gorge - the key location of the road, leading in the Transcaucasia.

In 1785, the life of the Terch Cossacks was complicated by the Islamic retention of Sheikh Mansura, who was able to unite Chechens, Kumykov and Kabardians (his detachment had about 10 thousand people) and organize an attack on Kizlyar. Murida rebels forced Terek 15 kilometers downstream and attacked the Russian fortress, but were reflected by the Cossacks of Ataman Sekhin and the soldiers of the Kizlyar garrison. Attacks also underwent Madok and Nurst

Caucasian Linear Cossack Army

In 1786, Grebenskoe, theory-family, Volga and Teresk Cossack troops and the Mozdok Cossack Regiment were separated from the Astrakhan troops and together with the Hawa Cossack regiment were called the named Caucasian Cossacks line.

In 1845, the construction of a new cordon line on the Suna River began. A large number of new stans have appeared - Vladikavkaz, Novo-Sunzhenskaya, Aki-Yurtovskaya, Feldmarskal, Tereskaya, Karabulakskaya, Troitskaya, Mikhailovskaya and others. The 1st Sunzhensky and 2nd Vladikavkaz Cossack shelves were formed from the Cossacks of these villages. And from the Cossack stancies of Samashki, Uchar-Yurt, Alkhan-Yurt, Grozny, Petropavlovskaya, Dzalkinskaya, Mochan -Jurt and Goryachevodskaya formed the 2nd Sunzhen regiment.

Symbolism

The flags of the Terk Cossack regiments were a blue cloth with silver sewing. From the inscriptions used the slogan: God, from the images of the icon of the rescue of an unclean or black double-headed eagle against the background of an orange medallion

In uniform clothing, the TERS Cossacks use black and light blue colors:

Religion

The Trench Cossacks were Christians of both Orthodox and Old Believer Religion. The older student of the Terek remained a long time. They practiced baptism, rejected smoking and shave beard.

Military units

• 1st Kizlyaro-Rough General Yermolov Regiment. Dislocation is a formidable TERSK region. He headed Colonel.
• 2nd Kizlyaro-Rough Regiment.
• 3rd Kizlyaro-Rough Regiment.
• 1st Volga his imperial highness of the Heir to Cesarevich Regiment. Dislocation - Hotin Bessarabian lips. (1.07.1903), Kamenets-Podolsk (1.02.1913, 1.04.1914).
• 2nd Volga Regiment.
• 3rd Volga Regiment.
• 1st Gorso-Mozdok General of the Krukovsky Regiment. Dislocation - m. Olta Kara region.
• 2nd Gorso-Mozdok Regiment.
• 3rd Gorso-Mozdski regiment.
• 1st Sunzhen-Vladikavkaz regiment of General Sleptsova. Dislocation - ur. Khan-Kenda Elisavetradsk lips.
• 2nd Sunzhensko-Vladikavkaz regiment.
• 3rd Sunzhensko-Vladikavkaz regiment.
• Teresk local teams
• TERSKA Cossack artillery.:
  • 1st TERSKAY CAQ BATTERY
  • 2nd Terk Cossack Battery
• His own imperial majesty convoy 3 and 4 hundred. Dislocation - Tsarskoye Village (1.02.1913). Standard was taken out in the years Civil War Abroad, now located in the Life Cossack Museum under Paris.

Farm

Number

Pool River Terek

Settlement

The Trench Cossacks historically lived in the villagers in the North Caucasus (River Terek pool), which were geographically merged into the department. In addition to the villages, a small settlement was considered a farm. By 1917, the Territory of the Terek Cossacks consisted of regimental departments: Pyatigorsky, Kizlyarsky, Sunzhensky, Mozdorovsky, and the mining part was divided into district: Nalchik, Vladikavkaz, Vedensky, Grozny, Nazranovsky and Khasav-Yurtovsky. Regional center in Vladikavkaz, departments in Pyatigorsk, Mozdok, Kizlyar and Starrongzhenskaya village.

Terk Cossack. Postcard of the French emigrant edition from the Russian Army series (Teresk Cossack Army. 1st Volga Regiment)

Historical departments

Kizlyar Division located on modern territories Northern Dagestan (Kizlyar and Taruman districts) and Chechnya (Grozny, Gudermes, Nursky and the Solkovsky district) and included the following stages: Alexandrian, Alexander Nevsky, Borozdinovskaya, Baryatinskaya, Grebenskaya, Grozny, Dzalkinskaya, Dubovskaya, Zakaltartovskaya, Yermolovskaya, Ilinskaya, Kalinovskaya, Kargali, Kakhanovskaya, Kurdyukovskaya, Nikolaevskaya, Novoschhedrinskaya, Pervomayskaya, Petropavlovskaya,

Terek Cossacks, Terches, Grebentsy - Cossacks who live along the Terek rivers, Suna, Assa, Kura, Malka, Kuma, depressing in the North Caucasus.

The Teress Cossack army - the third on seniority in the Cossack troops from 1577, when the Trench Cossacks first acted under the royal banners.

The headquarters of the Cossack troops is located in Vladikavkaz.

Military holiday, the military circle on August 25 (art. Style), St. Bartholomew Day, in memory of the defeat and captivity of Murids, led Shamil in Aule Gunib in 1859.

Officially, the Teress (Grebenskoe) Cossack army has existed since 1577. The service of the Terek Cossacks was to protect the border, which was held along the River Terek. The Russian government provided the Cossacks with weapons and supplies and used them to fight against the Crimean and Nogai Tatars and the Mountain Prince. The Grebensky army delivered at least 1000 Cossacks to the service, of which half received a salary, and the other defended their towns "from the water and with herbs", that is, for free, in exchange for tax privileges.

The combs were inserted mainly by the medium-sized storm pool and its tributary sunge. In the XVI century, the Don Cossacks from the River Kalitva moved here. From the end of the XVI century, a significant number of Cossacks moved to the North Caucasus - immigrants from Don, Volga, Hopra. They made up the lowered, the actual "Teress" Cossacks, which was formed later than Grebensky (in the XVI-XVIII) with the active participation of immigrants from neighboring peoples. Significant groups of Orthodox Ossetians and Circassians, as well as the Georgians and Armenians who fled from the Ottoman and Persian opposite opposite opposites, and, russ, were finally merged with him.

In 1653, as a result of the devastating invasion of the Persian troops and their allies, which went down in history as "Kyzylbash ruin", more than 10 Cossack towns disappeared at all, since their population was either destroyed, or was taken prisoner, and few surviving joined the inhabitants of other villages .

In 1685, the Terke Cossacks were temporarily pushed from the mountains, and in 1707, most of the old Cauchery towns were destroyed by the Kuban Sultan Kaiban. In 1712, the surviving combs were resettled down the Terek.

The resettlement of the Cossacks-Grebentsy to the left bank of Terek, which began at the end of the 17th century, was finally completed at the beginning of the 18th century. The movement was associated both with the pressure of Islamized neighbors, and so that the Russian authorities were unhappy with the fact that the Cossacks were hidden, and therefore demanded the resettlement of the Cossacks on the left bank, where they could be controlled.

Highlanders forced the Cossacks-Grebents instead of the former small towns founded on the left bank major settlements: Durmed, Shadrin (Shchedrin), Kurdyukov and Gladkov (in 1722, Gladkovsky Cossacks received a salary for one town, and in 1725 - two: Staroglabovsky and Novogladkovsky) . These towns (from the end of the XVIII century - Stitsa), named by names or nicknames of the Atamans, stretched to 80 versts on the left bank of the Terek.

In 1721, the Grebensky army was subordinate to the military board and thereby included in the Armed Forces of Russia. Instead of the abolished Thai city in Mezhdu Sulaca and Agrahani in 1723, a new Russian fortress was laid - the Holy Cross, near which 1000 families of the Don Cossacks (from Donetic, Donetsk, Buzuluk, Hawa, Medveditsky Towns were resettled, called the Agrahan Troops (later " Family army "). The difficulties associated with the resettlement and the discussion in a new place, and besides, broken off the plague led to the fact that by 1730 only 452 families survived.

After the Ganja Treaty with Iran, in which the border of Russia was moved to Terek, in 1736 the Donets were resettled on the left bank (from the ridges down Terek) in three villages: Borozdinskaya, Kargali, Dubovskaya. They got the name of the Terek-family troops.

In 1735, a new city was laid on the left bank of the Terek in 60 versts from the Caspian Sea - Kizlyar, who has become political for many years cultural Center Northeast Caucasus. From the fortress of the Holy Cross, the Cossacks and North Caucasians were translated here, which were held in the service of Russia (Kabardians, Chechens, Kumyki, etc.). All of them became referred to as the Terek-Kizlyar army. Cossacks lived in the special quarter of Kizlyar, so on. "Kizlyar Stanica", the mountaineers lived in other quarters). All groups of Cossacks on Terek were raised into the subordination of the Kizlyar commandant. In the 40s of the XVIII century, an attempt was made to unite the Grebensky and Terek-family troops, but she was not crowned with success.

In 1762, the Kabardian prince Andrei Konchokin was allowed to move to the tract at the nearest Terek's left bank with baptized subjects. In 1763, the strengthening was laid here, which was transformed in 1765 to the city of Mozdok. Its main population was the Cossacks, Georgians, Armenians, Kabardians, Ossetians, Greeks. From the number of immigrants, mostly baptized Ossetians and Kabardians, the Gorsa Mozdskaya Cossack team, who had a little more than 100 people, under the command of Prince Andrei Konkina, was created. These Cossacks mostly performed the functions of translators, were sent with mail.

In order to strengthen the TERS-hard line on the left bank, 517 families of the Volga Cossacks were settled to the wormland (Donets, who lived in the Volga border line between Kamyshin and Tsaritsyn, and they were not returned to their native places with its liquidation). The decision on the religion of Volga residents was adopted in 1765, but the real foundation of their villages in the Caucasus (Gallugaevskaya, Ishcherskaya, Nursan, Mekenskaya, Kalinovskaya) occurred only in 1771. Cossacks of these villages made up the Mozdok Cossack Regiment. In the future, 50 families of the Don Cossacks were additionally directed to each village. In 1770, one hundred families of the Donets on the outskirts of Mozdok founded the village of Lukovskaya.

In 1800, the village of Stoderevskaya emerged, where 200 families of baptized Kalmykov were settled. However, Kalmyki soon returned to the zadaming steppes to the former nomadic lifestyle and to the former Buddhist beliefs.

In the 20-30s. XIX century in the village of Teresk Levobasya were directed state peasants From Poltava, Kharkiv, Chernihiv, Voronezh, Kursk, Tambov, Simbirskaya, Astrakhan provinces, which received the status of the Cossacks. The government was also made attempts to attribute to the Cossacks of Mozdok Ossetians and Kabardians, Armenians, Georgians, but, as a rule, unsuccessfully. Only a part of Ossetians (migrants from the mountains), Georgians and even to a lesser extent of Armenians wished to go to citizens of the Teregu.

In 1832, out of 5 Cossack regiments (Kizlyar, Terek-family, Grebensky, Mozdok and Gorsky), located from the mouth of the river. Terek to Mozdoka, and 5 Cossack regiments of the Azov-Mozdok line (Volzhsky, Caucasian, Stavropol, Hawa and Kuban), the Caucasian linear Cossack army was formed. The Caucasian linear Cossack army along with the Black Sea occupied the Caucasian defensive line from the mouth of Terek to the mouth of Kuban and together with a separate Caucasian corps participated in the Caucasian War.

The closest neighborhood with the Caucasian mountaineers, the participation of horses in the Cossack troops and mixed marriages contributed to the penetration of Caucasian culture into the life of the ternts. It is especially noticeable in clothes (burki, dads) and armament (Daggers, Sabli) Cossacks. Many Cossacks owned the languages \u200b\u200bof the Highlanders; So L. N. Tolstoy in the story of "Cossacks" writes: "Well done Cossack is affecting knowledge tatar language And racing, even with her brother speaks in Tatar "(under Tatarsky here is meant one of the Turkic languages \u200b\u200bof the Caucasus: Karachay-Balkar, Nogai or Kumyksky).

In 1860, the Caucasian linear Cossack army was abolished. From the part of the troops, the Teress Cossack army was formed, and the other part, together with the Black Sea Cossack army, became part of the newly formed Kuban Cossack troops. In the same year the Terek region was formed.

In peacetime, the Teress Army put up to the service: two Lobe Guard Tereg Hundreds of His Majesty Convoy (Tsarskoye Selo), four equestrian shelf 6 hundred first stage (1st Kizlyaro-Ringing General Yermolov (Grozny and G. Vladikavkaz), 1st Gorsko-Mozdok General Krukovsky (Olty Place), 1st Volga and 1st Sunzhensko-Vladikavkaz General Sleptsova (Khan-Kenda tract), two equestrian batteries of the 4-toys (1st and 2 - Theory Cossacks) and 4th local teams (Groznenskaya, Goryachevodskaya, Prokhaladna and Vladikavkaz).

By the beginning of World War II, the Teress Cossacks numbered about 260 thousand people (2.1 million tents of the Earth in use).

Terek Cossacks or Grebents are the Cossacks who live along the Terek rivers, Suna, Assa, Kura, Malka, Kuma and Pokumo in the North Caucasus. The TERSK Cossack army is the third to seniority among all the Cossack troops, and the main headquarters of the Cossacks is located in the city of Vladikavkaz. The Terke Cossack Army celebrates its holiday on August 25, honored by the memory of the Murid captivity, during the Board of Shamil in Aul Gunib in 1859. Among all the advantages of the Terek Cossacks should be noted by their peacefulness and the ability to live in harmony. Grebentsy, lower ternts, agrahans, family ternts, kizlyards, Volgians, Mozdets, Vladikavkaz, and Sunzhenians live in the territory of the Cossack troops. Of course, the Terke Cossacks could not do without his own website, where you can find the latest news about the affairs and projects of the Terk Cossack troops. To date, the Terke Cossacks are constantly developing not only thanks to the actions of the Ataman, but also numerous events that are constantly organized by the Terek Cossack society.

For example, Most recently, Ataman Klimenko in his speech listed a number of legislative acts Russian Federationwho are designed to help the revival of the Terk Cossack Society and contribute to the attraction of Cossacks to all types public service. Among them were also decrees of the president about the establishment of the coat of arms, banners, ranks and a decree on carrying cold weapons in the process of carrying out civil service. Ataman of the Cossack troops made a huge contribution to the development of the Cossacks and thanks to him a document "Strategy for the Development of Russia's Policy regarding Russian Cossacks until 2020". Sergey Alexandrovich Klimenko noted that today, almost nothing is done for the development of the Trokovsky Cossack Society. However, this document contributes to the solution of numerous problems. The prevailing majority of members of the Cossack Society are eager to serve their homeland and carry public service. Atman TERSKY Cossack troops spent several meetings with the Presidential Plenipotentiary of the President of the Russian Federation Alexander Khloponin. The fact is that the government promised to extradite the TRACK Cossack Society by the Land federal foundation and the building under the headquarters of TKV. Also, the Russian authorities promised to help the Cossacks in the creation of Cossack Cadet buildings. Unfortunately, while this issue has been suspended, but the Teress Cossack army does everything possible for the resumption of work regarding the above-described projects. As we mentioned, Ataman is not the only Cossack who tries to help the development of the Terk Cossacks. Most recently, the Terek Cossacks turned to the Supreme Commander of Russia. On June 8, 2013, more than 4,000 people gathered in the sports complex of the city of Lermontov Stavropol Territory. The Terek Cossacks hoped that this open similarity of the Terk Morning Cossack Society would remind the administration that the issue of the development of the Terk Cossacks remains open, and the Grebenks are eager to serve their state on a regular basis. In total, 3227 people were attended, and the reason was only one - the mass appeal to the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of Russia Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin.

Also, the Trench Cossacks today pay a lot of attention to the Orthodox faith. Appeal to the President of the Russian Federation supported the chairman of the Synodal Committee on the interaction with the Cossacks Metropolitan Stavropol and Nevinnomyssky Kirill. Metropolitan held a prayer and after her appealed to the Cossacks: "Dear Terek Cossacks! When we defeat sin, each of us will be ready to give life for loved ones. It was then that we will have thousands of Cossack classes and many Cossack buildings. The time will come when each TERSK Cossack will confess and commits in the temple of God. Cossacks will respect and fear people who sin. Therefore, the Terek Cossacks today should start with themselves and correct their own sins. " As always, the representative from the Orthodox Church fell into the "most point".

After Metropolitan, Kirill, Chairman of the State Duma of the Stavropol Territory Yuri Vasilyevich White, who, during his speech, stressed that the Terek Cossacks are the power that must be constantly maintained. The representative of the authorities promised that the regional Duma would begin to work on improving the laws on the Terek Cossacks and would soon take several projects that would contribute to the development of the Tusk Cossack Society. The head of the city of Lermontov thanked the Cossacks and the guidance for organizing such a mass event. In fact, the concern of the Ataman of the Cossack troops can be understood. After all, today, on the site of the Terek Cossacks, it was repeatedly noted that the Terek Cossacks today do not have their source of income, not to mention the military treasury. It is for this reason that they cannot fully fulfill the tasks that were supplied by the President of the Russian Federation. As Ataman Torssic Cossack troops stated, first of all it is necessary to create a material base in order to equip and professionally train future security units and the squad of the Terek Cossacks. After the source of income appears, the Cossacks will have the opportunity to build cadet corps To prepare the pre-examination youth. However, the Terke Cossacks do not lose hope and constantly try to contribute to the development of the TRAK of the Cossack Society. The last amendment to the charter of the Cossack troops was adopted on August 18, 2011. This document applies to the Troops Cossack society, as well as on society, which are part of the TCV. According to this documentThe location of the Terek Cossack troops is the city of Vladikavkaz and the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. The charter of the TERSK Cossack troops implies that TVK was created by the association of the Alanian Republican District Cossack Society, the Kizlyar district Cossack Society, the Stavropol District Cossack Society, the Terek-Malkinsky District Cossack Society and the Terek-Sunzhensky Cossack Society. Also, the charter of the Terek Cossack troops states that this society has been established and operates on the basis of the principles of voluntary, equality, legality, self-government, respect for human rights, as well as the preservation and development of Cossack traditions. Each Cossack undertakes to obey the federal authorities of state power and the laws of the Russian Federation. On the site of the Cossack troops you can find many interesting information about history read full version Charter and even familiarize yourself with the structure of the troops. The site of the Terk Cossack troops was created not only for the Cossacks, but also for those who wish to become a full member of the Society of Terk Cossacks. The site of the Terek Cossacks is designed to develop the traditions of the Cossacks and the dissemination of information for all members of society. Special attention is paid to the Terek Cossacks at the Day of St. Bartholomew. According to official data, St. Bartholomew's Day is widely noted by the Catholic Church. Holy Bartholomew was one of the twelve apostles of Jesus, however, facts from the history of his life contain many inaccuracies. After Christ ascension, he dedicated himself to pilgrimage and went to preach in India. It was there that he left a copy of the Gospel of Matthew. Today, St. Bartholomew is not only noted by Catholics, but also the tern Cossacks. As you yourself know that the Terek Cossacks most of them are Orthodox, and according to the legend of warfolomes - this same person as the Apostle Nafanal. In any case, despite the "Catholic" character, the holiday of St. Bartholomew Day is celebrated among members of the Terk Cossack troops. And now we suggest talking about the history of the Terch Cossacks and about some of the Atamans of the Terk Cossack troops. Note that without the knowledge of the history of the main figures of the Cossacks, it is impossible to continue the story about this wonderful troops.

Starting the story about the history of the Terk Cossacks should not be mentioned about one of the most prominent Cossacks - Ataman Karaulov. Mikhail Alexandrovich Karaulov was the Ataman of the Terk Cossack troops, a deputy of the State Duma and even the head of the Interim Terco-Dagestan government. For his long life, he made a lot of glorious cases for the Terek Cossacks and even wrote several books on the history of the Terch Cossacks. Ataman Karaulov was born in the village of Tarskaya in the family of the nobleman. It turns out that Ataman Karaulov was a hereditary nobleman. In 1901, he graduated from the Philology Faculty of St. Petersburg University, and in 1902 he entered the Nikolaev Cavalry School. In 1905, he retired from the actual military service in the rank. Mikhail Alexandrovich was an active participant in the February Revolution of 1917. He managed to enter into a temporary committee of the State Duma, and on March 27, 1917 he became an Ataman of the Terk Cossack troops. Throughout his service career, he tried to solve agrarian and national problems in the North Caucasus, while speaking against anarchy on this earth. Universal regret, Ataman Karaulov in December 1917 was killed. A group of armed soldiers 106 Ufa Regiment headed by Zotov, who returned from the Caucasian Front and were at the station, learned that in the car there is no other as Ataman Karaulov. They asked him to get it out of the car, what he answered with refusal. A shootout began, as a result of which Ataman Karaulov and all his accompanying died. The body of Ataman dragged into the street, plundered and stripped. For the rescue, Ataman Karaulov, a hundred of the Terch Cossacks, the majority of the criminals disappeared. Terek Cossacks found several soldiers in the car and shot them. After that, the body of Ataman Karaulov with honors was buried in Vladikavkaz. Zotov found and executed.

Stepan Dmitrievich Rybalkchenko - the famous Soviet military commander who was born in the Cossack family. It was forced to start working with six years, because the father died very early. Rybalkchenko is known for its participation in civil and great Patriotic War. In the years of the Civil War, participated in battles with the Cossacks under the command of the Shkuro. It is unlikely that Rybalkchenko can be ranked in the Cossacks because he never positioned himself as the TERSK Cossack. Colonel of Kolesnikov deserves much more attention, who in 60 years of his life managed to stay to Major General and become the hero of the First World War. Colonel of Kolesnikov was born in a stanish village of the Terk Cossack troops. On December 3, 1880, he was produced in Khorujia, five years old in the centroy, and in 1899 he became Esaul. In 1908, he received the rank of military elder. On January 18, 1912, Colonel Kolesnikov was appointed commander of the 2nd Gorso-Mozdok Regiment. For special merits, Colonel Kolesnikov was awarded a special award - St. George weapons. Such high award He received due to the courage in the performance of his debt to his homeland. On May 3, 1915, Colonel Kolesnikov, together with the 2nd Minor Mozdok Regiment of the Cossack Cossack troops, provided that the infantry parts of the ally were supplanted by the superior enemy's forces, threw all their strength to the attack under the enemy's destructive fire. As a result of this desperate step, Colonel Kolesnikov stopped the offensive of the enemy, and the Allied troops inspired by his example, finished the enemy's troops and strengthened, in their former positions.

Continuing the story about the history of the Terch Cossacks, it is worth mentioning Vladimir Staritsky, who was born in the village of Meksenskaya. Vladimir Staritsky graduated from the Astrakhan School and Kiev Military School, after which he entered the service in the 1st Volga Regiment. Cossack Vladimir Staritsky served in the 3rd railway battalion, where she mastered the course of the telegraph and subversive case, and also passed the training course of the weapons and rifle in the officer shooting school. He began to fight in the rank picked by the commander of the Cossack Hundreds of the 2nd Volga Regiment. For special merit, Vladimir Staritsky was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir with swords and a bow. In 1918 he participated in the TERSKAYA REDIST as the commander of the Solsky squad. Also played the responsibility of the commander of the 1st Volga Regiment and the 1st Brigade of the 1st TERSK Cossack Division in the East. In 1920 he joined the army of Russia's revival. After emigration, Vladimir Staritsky lived in America. In 1950, he was as part of the commission on the choice of Ataman of the Terek Cossack troops. Over the years, Gain General Major received.

Among the famous figures of the Terk Cossack troops should also be noted Nikolay Baratov - Russian General from Cavalry. Nikolay Baratov took place from the nobles of the Cossack troops. He began his training in the Vladikavkaz real school, and on the regular service he entered in 1882. In 1885 he graduated from the Second Konstantinov Military School and the Nikolaev Engineering School. Nikolay Baratov, Nikolai Baratov, he entered the first Sunzheno-Vladikavkaz regiment from the Cossack troops. In 1887 he became Esaul, and after 20 years he served to Major General. Since 1907, he was on the position of the Second Caucasus Army Corps in the rank of Lieutenant General. Nikolay Baratov is known for its participation in the First World War. Together with the 1st Caucasus Cossack Division, there was a task of countering the proper forces in Persia. On December 3, 1915, he took the ancient capital of Persia - Hamadan. During the civil war, after the October Revolution, Nikolay Baratov lived in India, and then decided to join white movement. From 1918 he began to fulfill the duties of the representative of the Volunteer Army and the Armed Forces of the South of Russia. During the attempt on September 13, 1919, he was seriously injured. In 1920 he became the managers of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the South Russian Government. In 1927, Nikolay Baratov was in France and served as Chairman of the Committee "For Russian Disabled" in Paris. After his death in 1932 he was buried at the Geneva Cemetery. If you want to learn more about the history of the Terk Cossack troops, then we recommend watching Materials about General Glukhov. During the war, General Glukhov showed himself as a talented commander. Of course, telling about the history of the Terk Cossack troops, it is impossible not to mention the General Klimenko, which this moment Performed by Ataman Terek Cossacks.

On December 21, 2012, General Klimenko became the head of the TERSK Cossack troops. The decree was signed by Vladimir Putin. Before him, the tern Cossacks commanded Vasily Bondarev. To date, Sergey Klimenko takes active actions for the development of terrestrial Cossacks and is constantly fighting with the so-called "rich" Cossacks. Ataman believes that the revival of the Cossacks is possible only under the condition of cohesion and constant interaction of various Cossack organizations. In his last press conference, Sergey Klimenko did not refer to the lack of funds, the magicite of the legislators and the curse of the local government. General Klimenko decided to actively act and urged Cossacks every day to prove that they were needed in the Caucasus. Sergey Klimenko said that he intended to report every quarter to the press on the success of the Terek Cossacks. As Ataman stated, for a start, it is necessary to fulfill the tasks of the Federal Law No. 154 "On the State Service of the Russian Cossacks". After the TERSK Cossack army entered the state registry, it assumed certain tasks. The protection of public order is the most obvious task for the Terek Cossacks because even in times Soviet Union Police resorted to the help of a folk squad. Today, Cossack squads are constantly being created for the assistance of the police, and during 2013 the military Ataman Sergey Klimenko will achieve that the Terek Cossack army consisted of 5,000 thousand trained warriors. Of course, the appearance of Cossacks with Nagayki on the streets of the city will cause some resonance. However, it does not matter because the TERSK Cossack army will send only the prepared people who will work closely with the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. As for nationality, among the Terek Cossacks, for many years, Kalmyki, Ingush, Chechens, Kabardians and so on have been living. It should be noted that the majority of the Terek Cossacks are Orthodox, and those who do not want to change faith can enter the staff of the Cossack Cossacks. General Klimenko believes that if you maintain a rigid discipline of the warriors, then the form will not cause an ambiguous reaction from citizens. Seeing such a Cossack on the street, people will know that he carries civil service.

And now we propose to plunge into the history of the Terk Cossacks. In fact, it is not known that the first settlers-Cossacks appeared in the Terek River area. Initially, everyone called their combs due to the fact that they were located on the slopes of the Tereg Range. The official date began the history of the Terk Cossacks - 1577. In 1588, the Russian authorities laid the city at the mouth of the River Terek, which existed for 100 years. It is worth noting that according to the history of the Terek Cossacks, their dependence on the Russian authorities remained "transparent". Governors continued to attract Cossacks to perform reconnaissance or guard. Translated from the Turkic language, the word "Cossack" is translated as "free" and throughout the history of the Terch Cossacks, they have repeatedly proved that they are free people. Cossacks carried voluntary service, but gradually increasingly more and more Terek Cossacks came to the service for the king. The Grebensky army provided Russia with 1000 warriors, half of which were puzzled, and the other half carried the service for free. In the 17th century, the global resettlement of the Terek Cossacks on the other side of Terek begins. The resettlement was associated with the pressure of Chechens and other Islamized neighbors. Because of this, the TERS Cossacks and Chechens constantly met on the battlefield, but in most cases the Cossacks had to beat the attack.

Russian authorities were not pleased. What the Cossacks take runaway peasants and therefore insisted that the Terek Cossacks move to the left bank of the river. However, the number of shacks between the terns of the Cossacks and Chechens increased with the relocation. Cossacks had to establish several major cities. In 1721, the Grebensky army took the oath of loyalty to the military board, and was included in armed Forces Russia. In 1723, the first fortress of the Holy Cross was laid, in the territory of which 1,000 families of the Terek Cossacks lived. In 1860, the Caucasian linear Cossack army was abolished and was renamed the Teress Cossack army. Then the number of Cossack troops of the Russian Empire was increased. Note that the Cossack troops of the Russian Empire were very well prepared and took part in all battles with the enemy. The life of the Terek Cossacks was under the influence of Chechens, Ingush, Kabardians and Kumykov. Cossacks built the hut, sacks and storage room, which was also called "Hutka". In the villages adjacent to Grozny, or any other large cityThe Cossacks built houses of urban type. Note that the life of the Terek Cossacks and the life of Chechens was little difference. Salam was divided into two parts, and the Cossack of the hub had two rooms. The decoration of the rooms of the Chechens and the Trench Cossacks was also similar.

According to the customs of the Terek Cossacks, each city house had their own arms arsenal. On one of the walls, a holster was concerned for a pistol or double bastard. The weapon was an integral part of any Terkha Cossack. It is worth noting that the Cossacks highly appreciated the ability of Chechens to make weapons and it is even displayed in some songs of the Cossacks. The terric checker was also an integral part of the life of the Cossack. The TERSHIK is to this day, it is part of the Cossack Parade Clothing. According to the customs of the Terek Cossacks, men wore Caucasian Burku, Beshmet, Dad, Balyk and Circass. Theory Cossacks mastered row clothing, but over time they began to adopt the style of clothing among the Russians. It's no secret that the TERS Cossacks were among the most beautiful women in the Caucasus. Thanks to Chechens, there are many Chechen national dishes in the life of the Cossacks, among which cashews with a cheese filling and a mixture of cottage cheese with fuel oil. Also, the Trench Cossacks in Chechnya took over several musical instrumentsFor example, Zurena, Swirl, Pondura or Harmoshka, on which Teregsky Cossacks played. The Terke Cossacks in Chechnya learned to care for horses and over time in their traditions included competitions in Djigitovka. As you see, the TERS Cossacks and Chechens carried out a constant cultural exchange. The multinationality of the region inevitably affected the linguistic borrowings, and in the TERSK STANCE it was possible to hear the speech of the mountaineers. The inhabitants of the Tereg Stanz and Chechens constantly expanded their vocabulary and thanks to the Terek Cossacks, we can describe Chechen life and customs.

However, as history tells us, the mountains and the Trench Cossacks did not always live in the world. One of the largest conflicts is the Caucasian War, which continued from 1817 to 1864. It all started with the fact that in the early 19th century, the land of the Kartil-Kakhetian kingdom and some Transcaucasian Khanate were attached to Russia. However, between these territories lay the land of independent mountain peoples. The Russian authorities wanted to strengthen the Union with Caucasians, and get rid of endless raids on their part. However, the beginning of the Caucasian War was inevitable, when in 1825 the main opponents russian troops Adygi of the Black Sea coast and mountaineers, who united with the Islamic State of Imamat Dagestan and Chechnya, headed by Shamil, were performed. The Caucasian War was intertwined with Russia's war against Persia. The terche army fought on the side of Russia and, despite the fact that they have lived side by side for a long time, they had to fight their neighbors. The resistance of the Chechens was broken by the Terek army only in 1859. It is worth noting that in 1832 the Kuban and Terek Cossacks fought side by side. The fact is that Russian empire Decided to unite Kizlyar, Terek-Family, Grebensky, Mozdok, Gorsky, Volgsky, Caucasian, Stavropol, Hawa and Kuban Regiment in order to form the Caucasus linear Cossack troops. This was the main reason for the association of Kuban and Terek Cossacks. Also in the service of the king stood the Ural Cossacks, who participated in battles and carried out other types of public service. Unfortunately, because of the mass repression Stalin, the army of the Ural Cossacks was completely disbanded.

Throughout its history, the TERS Cossacks retained their traditions and cultural values. Of course, the Cossacks paid a majority of their lives to the Ratish case, but the life of the Cossack Cossack troops was also filled with beautiful customs, songs of terrest Cossacks and interesting stories.

In many ways, the Cossack culture, the songs of the Terek Cossacks and the dances held on the enthusiasm of members of the Cossack Community. However, the modern state apparatus applies strength to strengthen and popularize the Cossack Culture. It is for this reason that each of us has the opportunity to listen to the songs of Terek Cossacks or the stories of the elders. To date, many teams are invited to a concert to listen to the songs of the Terek Cossacks and admire their energetic dances. The Tereg Cossack songs have a special energy, and not only the Cossacks themselves come to listen to them, but also representatives of various peoples. Cossack teams allow you to hear the thermal Cossack songs and every day work to convey their sound to every village in your area or area. Many performers of the Cossack songs have been pleasing to their fans for more than one year, and some have already acquired many years of experience in the field of the execution of the Terek Cossack songs. One of the brightest examples of creative longevity is the Choir of the "Valley", which in 2010 celebrated 20 years of work on the stage. Of course, everyone can download the songs of the Terek Cossacks, but listen to the "living" execution much more pleasant. The global Internet network allows you to download songs of Terek Cossacks on numerous sites, but one concert can cost thousands of listened "tracks" in the car or at the music center.

City authorities are constantly holding contests, during which the jury identifies the best performers of the Terek Cossacks. Artists and team leaders receive grants and cash premiums. For example, in the winter of 2011, the state ensemble of the Terk Cossack songs with the project "The Role of Cossacks in World War II won a grant of the President of the Republic of Dagestan. This suggests that the songs and dances of the Terek Cossacks are more than in demand. Some teams, such as the "free steppe" ensemble, represent the traditions of the Terk Cossack troops in the international arena. It should be noted that, thanks to the mixing of the culture of the Cossacks and Highlanders, the lezginka of the Terek Cossacks is especially popular. The energetic dance of the Lezginka of the Cossacks is very often included in the program of performances of many teams.

Continuing the conversation about the culture of the Cossacks, it is necessary to note the male folk ensemble of the Territory Cossacks "Britina". The ensemble was formed in 1995 by four fans of thermal songs. Since 1996, the Trench Cossacks "Bratina" were in constant disputes and discussions. In the process of choosing a creative direction, members of the team were constantly studying, the preservation and ethnographically reliable reproduction of the song tradition of the Terch Cossacks. The Terk Cossacks "Bratina" still consider themselves an amateur team, but the level of performance of the songs is at a highly professional level. To date, Brutina's ensemble remains a laureate of the international folklore festivals in France, Latvia, Poland, Estonia and Russia. The Terek Cossacks "Brutina" took part in the shooting of films "Russian Bun", "Lord Jury" and "Deadly Strength". Also, the Trench Cossacks "Brutin" participated in numerous television programs.

Another famous team is the "Terek Cossacks" ensemble. Each speech is a real feast of Cossack culture, which is part of the cultural heritage of not only the Terk Cossacks, but also the entire Caucasus. The main mission of the "Terek Cossacks" ensemble is the revival of customs and rituals, as well as the preservation of the unique song culture of the Cossacks. The ensemble "Terek Cossacks" contributes to the introduction of young people to the richest cultural heritage of the Cossacks. Today, the work of the ensemble "Terek Cossacks, this passionate champion and a propagandist of the Cossack Culture is well known not only in the city of Cool, but also other areas of Kabardino-Balkaria. Most recently, the "Terek Cossacks" ensemble turned 5 years from the day.

A decent participant in the huge society of creative collectives of the Cossacks is the choir of Terek Cossacks. It should be noted that the chorus of the Terek Cossacks is popular not only among the terrestes, but among the Russian youth. Today, the Terch Cossack Choir is constantly improving his skills in the field of folk Cossack songs. If you want to experience the true pleasure from listening to Cossack songs, then come to the concert of the Terk Cossack choir.

We also recommend to listen to the anthem of the Terek Cossacks. It can be heard at meetings of the members of the Terek Cossack troops, which almost every meeting begins with the anthem of the Terek Cossacks. The execution of the anthem of the TERSKY Cossack troops is a tradition that is transmitted from the generation to generation in the middle of the terrestes. The anthem of the Cossack troops can be found on the official website of the Cossack troops. Also on the official website of the Cossack troops you will find the latest news about the events in the world of TCV. Terek Cossacks Online is an excellent opportunity for each terman to track all events and meetings. For many TCV members, the Terke Cossacks are online are the only source of fresh and relevant information about modern Cossacks.

To better penetrate the culture of the Terk Cossacks, we offer to watch the video of the Cossack Lezginka. After all, to understand the soul of the Cossacks culture, you need to look at the dance and listen to the songs. Video Cossack Lezginki will help to evaluate the beauty of the Cossack dance:

We also offer to watch video of the Trench Cossacks. If you want to learn more about the life of the TCV, then the video of the Teresky Cossacks will help you with this:

The photo of the Terek Cossacks once again reminds that TKV lives and develops, while preserving ancient traditions. Look at the photo of the Terek Cossacks and appreciate the beauty of their form:

And now we decided to draw your attention to the shape of the Trench Cossacks and on the symbolism of the Terk Cossack troops. The Cossack shape of the Terek Cossacks is a historically established symbol that determines the belonging to the Cossack to the Terk Cossack tiles. The form of the Cossacks is designed to increase the organization and discipline of members of the TCV. Of course, there are certain rules for wearing the form of the Terk Cossack troops and these rules were approved by the President and the Government of the Russian Federation. Ataman the Cossack troops did a lot so that the streets of cities could as small as possible. The form of the Cossack troops is divided into the front, casual and field. Also distinguish between winter and summer shape. As the charter of the Terek Cossack troops, the Cossack should respect the form. The list of military clothes of the Terskiy Cossacks includes dad, three caps, bars, a removable collar of sheepskin, coat, coat and jacket. As well as uniform, cuitel, balls, pants, shirt. Plus winter and summer costume, cough, scarf, acxelbant, belt and ladunk. Including boots, boots, raincoat and state awards. Military clothing of terrestrial Cossacks is very beautiful and withstand in traditional style. As for the costume of the Terk Cossack, then each Cossack has the right to form its "image" independently. In any case, the costume of the Terek Cossack always contains traditional elements of the Cossack clothes.

And now let's talk about the flag and the coat of arms of the Terk Cossack troops. TKV has its own flag, coat of arms and a banner. The coat of arms of the Terek Cossack troops is an image of the imperial standard on the golden trees of bandaging to the right, which is located on a black background under the wormland chapter. On top of the imperial standard depicted silver wavy handling left. In the head of the coat of arms of the Terk Cossack troops - the emerging golden double-headed eagle, which is the main figure of the coat of arms of the Russian Federation. The coat of arms of the Terek Cossack troops can be performed in a colorless version.

The flag of the TERSKY Cossack troops is a rectangular blown of blue, which depicts the emblem of the Terk Cossack troops. The ratio of the length of the flag of the Terek Cossack troops - 2: 3. The flag of the Terek Cossacks is present at any meeting or meeting. As you understand, the flag of the Terek Cossacks is the official symbol of the Terk Cossacks. In addition to the flag of the Cossack troops, there are still seal, stamps, blanks and other necessary details, on which the emblem of the Terk Cossack troops can be used. However, the flag of the Terk Cossack troops is most often used. Cossacks are very reverent about the coat of arms of the Cossack troops. After all, the coat of arms of the Cossack troops are also part of the history of the Cossacks in Russia.

In addition to the flag of the Terk Cossack troops in our Vointers, you can buy other souvenirs with the symbols of theory Cossacks, such as the Towel Terek Cossack Cossack, the circle of the Terek Cossack army, the lighter Teresk Cossack army and much more.