As a separate personality affects the course of history. Personality that influenced the course of history: Examples

The company is going on with society, but at the same time they always manage someone. It can be like a group of people and one person: the leader in kind, fanatically devoted to his idea with the abilities to oratory, and, of course, charm.

As an example, it is worth leading the identity of Hitler, the appearance of which in public, caused tears in women, and men are ready to give their own lives for him. There was nothing special in it - suffering and unattractiveness - the first impression of his appearance. But the ability to start the crowd, of course, this man possessed. Similar feelings were called, who knew the people, Julius Caesar, Chingiz-Khan, Napoleon, and many other historical personals.

But is it enough to have only one of these above qualities? This person should also be in a favorable historical setting.

Recall such a famous historical character like Emelyan Pugachev. Against the background of the oppression of the peasant people, during the domination of serfdom, when there is no change, "Messiah" appears, a ready-made person to behave - so to speak in a bright future. The peasants armed with forks, go after him. And it doesn't matter that the uprising was suppressed, and Pugachev - executed, the key point here is another circumstance: the authorities realized that nothing could be allowed to let anything, change.

After decades, canceled serfdom. Is this not an example of an influence on the course of the history of a separate person? In the history of our state there are numerous examples of people who have the ability to radical influence on the course of history.

It is worth remembering the "grandfather" Lenin.

But what price should be paid by a great man who takes the right to managing nations, solving fate of millions of people? He must act as an actor who refused to live a real genuine life with her joys, love of loving peripetias and hatred - in general from all the human.

It is shown very precisely in the novel "War and Peace". Tolstoy sees in Napoleon - not the Great, rather, failure to man. According to the writer, the unfortunate person is only able to carry the evil people who are not familiar with the life of true joys. Of course, its influence on the course of history is indisputable, but he himself receives only suffering from it. A man who dared to influence the course of history has to bear a bitter burden. At the end of the way, this person is doomed to spiritual flour, and getting rid of them in the form of death. Such people cannot allow mistakes, love and think free.

And now OT global problems Turn to the story. More precisely - to historosophy. Having become acquainted with the concept of Gumilyov, the reader can ask a question. So, if ethnogenesis is a natural process, and everything "comes itself," nothing depends on us? Hurry up to calm the reader. Depends on But not much, as it seems. And not at any time. Sometimes you need to wait until the wind of the story fits in the right direction ...

We will not give examples of "independence" the will of the people from those political and not political decisions, which were taken in our country in recent decades (starting from the smuggle coup 1985/1991. And ending with today's democratic elections, which most people simply do not go) . This is well known. Let's go on the other side. Imagine that in the "Liche" of the 1990s. Among the leadership of our country, Comrade Stalin suddenly appeared. Real leader. Iron hand. So what could he do in that situation? I could not do anything! Gigant Stalin was necessary and natural in a specific historical setting (and it took him 15 years preparatory workBefore he was able to resolutely change the course in 1937), as was natural in another historical setting of Pigmele Gorbachev. Both walked up with history. Each at one time: one - during a passing burst (bottom), the other - during the period of passing depression (and on top, and below).

Another example is Don Quixote. From the point of view of ethnology, the tragedy of this noble knight was that he simply fell out of history, i.e. from the current phase of ethnogenesis. Therefore, I was declared crazy. Don Quixote is nostalgia idealist passionaries about forever the heroic overheating phase in Europe. In the bourgeois phase of civilization, noble knights were not needed. What feats?! What is the honor?! No need fanaticism! Need money to do ...

The theory of the hero and the crowd from the point of view of ethnogenesis is erroneous. One hero passionary will not be able to achieve anything if he does not have enough passionary assistants. All together - be it the ruling elite or opposition - they constitute that avant-garde, which leads to all other - harmonious and weak-reasonary people. But that this avant-garde is replenished with active people need high level Passionardity of the entire ethnos (super ethnos). In other words, both the Russian nobility elite and the Soviet ruling class were embarned from one source - the thick of the people. Suvorov, Lomonosov, and Stalin's addresses, and the victory marshals of 1945 came from there. But if the passionary tension in the Russian ethnic group (Russian superethnos) was zero, then no one would have come out of it. It is in this sense that the people and affects the course of their history - he is her moves.

We give such an example. After the revolutionary shocks of 1917, burned the country into chaos and ruin, many "observers" seemed to be that - all: "Russia ended, Russia is no longer!". Western bankers who financed three Russian revolutions were satisfied - their plans worked! What remains from Russian Empire You can take our bare hands. But ... but they did not come out! The fact is that Western bankers did not know the laws of ethnogenesis. They did not take into account that the most hitromed plans and volitional efforts of the leaders cannot cancel the natural property of passionation. As a poplar, cut almost to the ground, continues to grow and the people who did not lose their passionary kernel continue to revive, no matter what. That is why after twenty years A new superpower was created at the site of the fallen colossus of the Russian Empire - the USSR. And the globalization began so Boyko was detained for many decades. (And, add, will still be detained ...)

But, of course, all of the above does not cancel the subjective factor. If we talk about the influence of individual personalities and small groups of people on history, then it should be recognized that the human will play a certain role in the historical process. But mainly - at the level of tactics, not strategy. This means that the volitional efforts of individual people are always limited to a certain "corridor of opportunities." (As Comrade said, Stalin said: "There is a logic of intentions and there is a logic of circumstances, and the logic of circumstances is stronger than the logic of intentions."

Gumilev wrote: "It would be ridiculous to deny that human ideas and human hands affect the history, and sometimes very strongly, creating unforeseen violations - zigzags - in the course of historical processes. But the measure of the influence of a person on the story is not at all so great as it is customary to think, Ibon population level The story is regulated by non-social impulses of consciousness, but by biosphere impulses of passionation.

Figuratively speaking, we can move the arrows on the clock's clock, but we are deprived of the opportunity to start the clock. We have the role of arrogant children fulfill politicians. They mostly translate the arrows of the clock from 3 o'clock in the afternoon for 12 nights, and then scary surprised: "Why didn't the night come and why the working people do not go to bed?" (Or in other words, - why we have been introducing a market economy for 20 years and democracy "how they" enter, and they are not introduced in any way? .. Probably the country is wrong, the backward some kind of country!) "Thus, - continues Gumilyov, - those who make decisions do not take into account natural nature processes running in the ethnic sphere. And knowing the passionary theory of ethnogenesis, they are not surprised by the fact that in the country "everything is bad." Surprise that we still exist. " This Gumilyover wrote about the times of Gorbachev and the beginning of the Board of Yeltsin ...

We will add from yourself that the similar ("restraint") historical zigzags are still not accidental and have their reasons. But, repeat, - at the level of a speed, tactical, but not strategic. Historical practice shows that if the supply of passionality in the ethnicity is not exhausted, and the ethnic tradition is not lost, then such zigzags sooner or later straighten with history and everything returns to natural patterns of ethnogenesis. That is, continues to go as it should go. Well, a subjective factor (political leadership) to this movement of history is simply attached. Therefore, paraphrasing a well-known expression can be said that each people deserves such a ruler, which corresponds to the level of passionary voltage and the vector of the development of this ethnic system.

As for freedom of choice by each person of a particular direction of action in the specific phase of ethnogenesis, in this connection, the very interesting idea of \u200b\u200bKonstantin Leontiev is consisted of the relationship between conservative and progressive elements in the state.

He puts the question like this: "When is the right progressors, and when conservatives?

Before the times of Caesar, Pericla, Louis Xiv. etc. (i.e., before the times of flowering, before the blooming era), progressors are right. At this time, they lead the state to flowering and growth. But after the blooming and complex era, when the process of secondary mixing and simplification begins (by Gumilevo - Doma, inertia, obscuration - aut.) All progressors are not right in the theory, although they often triumph in practice; thinking to correct, they only destroy. Conservatives in this era are quite right: they want to treat and strengthen the state organism, they rarely triumph, but how many can, slow down, returning a nation, sometimes violently, to the cult of created statehood.

Before the day of flowering ... it is better to be a sail or a steam boiler, after this non-returnable day more than to be anchor or brake for peoples, seeking, often fun, to their death. "

To the point! .. and what is relevant in our "funny" time ...

People who changed the world, great many. These are the famous doctors who invented medicines from diseases and learned how to make complex operations; politicians who started wars and conquered the countries; Cosmonauts who first had the land in orbit and set foot on the moon and so on. There are thousands of them, and it is impossible to tell about everything. This article lists only a small part of these geniuses, thanks to which scientific discoveries appeared, new reforms and directions in art. They are the person who changed the course of history.

Alexander Suvorov

All his life, Alexander Suvorov dedicated battles and battles. He is a member of seven military, headed 60 battles, not knowing defeats. His literary talent manifested itself in the book in which he teaches the young generation of the art of warfare, shares his experience and knowledge. In this area, Suvorov was ahead of his epoch for many years ahead.

His merit is primarily that he has improved the trends of war, developed new ways of occurrence and attacks. All of his science was based on three whales: onslaught, speed and eyes. This principle developed by the soldiers a purposefulness, the development of the initiative and a sense of mutual assistance in relation to its colleagues. In battles, he always walked ahead of ordinary military, showing them an example of courage and heroism.

Catherine II

The period of its reign is called "gold" for the nobility. The government reformed the Senate, took the church lands to the state treasury, which enriched the power and facilitated the life of ordinary peasants. In this case, the influence of the personality on the course of history implies the adoption of the mass of new legislation. In the account of Catherine: the provincial reform, empowerment of the nobility, the creation of classes in the example of the Western European society and the restoration of the authority of Russia throughout the world.

Peter the First

Tsar Peter became a great reformer, his changes in state immortals first scared the nobility, and then caused admiration. This person, which influenced the course of history by the fact that in the "hungry and unwasy" Russia, thanks to him, progressive discoveries and achievements of Western countries were introduced. Petr first managed to expand the economic and cultural boundaries of his empire, won new lands. Russia recognized the Great Power and rated her role in the international arena.

Alexander Best

After Peter the Great, it was the only king that began to spend so much large reform. His innovations completely updated the appearance of Russia. Like other famous personality, which changed the course of history, this ruler deserved respect and recognition. The period of his board falls on the XIX century.

The main achievement of the king became in Russia, which was slowed down the economic and cultural development countries. Of course, the liquidation of the system, very similar to slavery, was conceived and predecessors of Alexander Second - Catherine Great and Nikolai first. But none of them decided to turn the state of the state upside down.

So fundamental changes occurred rather late, as the Bunch of the Unhappy People was already called in the country. In addition, in the 1880s, reforms were suspended, which caused anger of revolutionary youth. The reformer king became the target of their terror, which led to the end of the transformations and completely influenced Russia's development in the future.

Lenin

Studying the works of Engels and Marx, Lenin performed for equality and condemned capitalism in every way. The theory is good, but in fact it was hard to implement, as the representatives of the top lived, swimming in luxury, and simple workers and peasants work around the clock around the clock. But it was later, at the time of Lenin, at first glance, everything was evolved as he wanted it.

For the period of the reign of Lenin, such important events are falling as the first world War, Civil War In Russia, cruel and ridiculous execution of the whole royal familyThe transfer of the capital from St. Petersburg to Moscow, the foundation of the Red Army, the full establishment of the Soviet power and the adoption of its first constitution.

Stalin

Personality, which influenced the course of history, Stalin, distinguished himself not only by mass terror. Of course, his contribution to the history of Russia has a positive side. It was during his reign that the state made a powerful economic jerk, scientific institutions and culture began to develop. It was he who stood at the head of the army that defeated Hitler and saved the whole of Europe from fascism.

Nikita Khrushchev

But Khrushchev did not know how to bring big things to the end, so his reforms can be called half. The lack of education made it a near person, but excellent intuition, natural sanity and political sense helped him stay so long in the highest echelons of power and find a way out in critical situations. It was thanks to Khrushchev who managed to avoid a nuclear war during and to turn the very bloody page in the history of Russia.

Dmitry Mendeleev

Personality that influenced the course of history, Mendeleev, discovered allowing the appearance of new chemical elements, the opening of which is happening today. His table is the basis of chemistry lessons at school and at the university. Among its achievements, there is also a complete study of gas dynamics, experiments that helped derive the state equation.

In addition, the scientist actively studied the properties of oil, developed a policy of infringement of investment in the economy and offered to optimize the customs service. His invaluable advice used many ministers of royal power.

Ivan Pavlov

Like all individuals who affected the course of history, he was a man very clever, possessed a wide range of and inner intuition. Ivan Pavlov actively used animals in his experiments, trying to allocate general traits of the vital activity of complex organisms, including a person.

Pavlov managed to prove the diverse activity of nerve endings in the cardiovascular system. He showed how to regulate blood pressure. And also became the opener of the trophic nervous function, which is the effect of nerves on the process of regeneration and formation of tissues.

Later he took up the physiology of the digestive tract, as a result of which he received in 1904 Nobel Prize. His main achievement is considered to study the work of the brain, the highest nervous activity, conventional reflexes and the so-called human signal system. His works became the basis of many theories in medicine.

Mikhail Lomonosov

He was interested in everything related to physics and chemistry. He dreamed of free from the influence of medicine and pharmaceuticals. It is thanks to him modern physical chemistry Born like science and began to actively develop. In addition, he was a famous encyclopedist, studied history and wrote the annulary. Peter the first he considered the ideal ruler, a key figure in the formation of the state. In their scientific works He described it as a sample of the mind that changed the story and turned the idea of \u200b\u200bthe management system. The efforts of Lomonosov in Russia was founded by the first university - Moscow. From this time began to develop higher education.

Yuri Gagarin

The cosmic era passed under the sign of competition between the Soviet Union and the United States. The leaders of the giant countries tried to show their power and superiority, and the cosmos was one of the best options to demonstrate. In the middle of the 20th century, rivalry began for the one who will faster will send a person to orbit. In this race won the USSR. We all know a bannyy date from school: April 12 In 1961, the first cosmonaut flew into orbit, where he spent 108 minutes. This hero was called Yuri Gagarin. The day after his journey into space, he woken up famous for the whole world. Although, paradoxically, he never considered himself great. Gagarin often said that for those one and a half hours did not even even understand what the sensations were happening to him.

Alexander Pushkin

It is called the "sun of Russian poetry." He has become a long time national symbol Russia, his poems, poems and prose are highly appreciated and revered. And not only in the countries of the former Soviet Union, but also throughout the world. Almost every city of Russia has a street, Square or Area, named after Alexander Pushkin. Children study at school his work, devoting to him not only school time, and extracurricular in the form of thematic literary evenings.

This man created so harmonious poetry that there is no one in the world. It was from his work that the development of new literature began and all her genres - from poems to theatrical plays. Pushkin is read in one breath. It is inherent in accuracy, ritmatic lines, they are quickly remembered and easily declared. If you take into account the enlightenment of this person, its intensity of character and deep inner rod, then it can be argued that he is truly a person who influenced the course of history. He taught the people in Russian in its modern interpretation.

Other historical personalities

There are so many of them that they will not succeed in the same article. There are examples of a small part of Russian figures that have changed history. And how many others have? This is Gogol, and Dostoevsky, and Tolstoy. If you analyze foreign personalities, it is impossible not to note the long-time philosophers: Aristotle and Plato; Artists: Leonardo da Vinci, Picasso, Monet; Geographers and land openers: Magellan, Cook and Columbus; Scientists: Galilee and Newton; Politicians: Tatcher, Kennedy and Hitler; Inventors: Bella and Edison.

All these people were able to completely turn the world from the legs on the head, create their own laws and scientific discoveries. Some of them made the world better, and someone almost destroyed him. In any case, their names know every person on the planet Earth and understands that without these personalities, our life would be completely different. Reading the biographies of famous people, we often find yourself idols, from which you want to take an example and equal in all your affairs and actions.

As you know, the manifestation of any, even the most common, the laws of history is diverse and multivariate. The role of the most outstanding personality is always the alloy of the preceding development, the mass of random and non-random events and its own characteristics. There are a lot of ways to organize a society, and therefore there will be a lot of personality options, and their amplitude can be huge.

Consequently, depending on the most various conditions And circumstances, taking into account the characteristics of the place under study, time and individual features of the personality, its historical role can fluctuate from the most imperceptible to the threat. Sometimes personality plays a decisive role.

Indeed, the people himself consists of personalities, and the role of each of them is not zero. One pushes the chariot of the story forward, the other pulls back, etc. In the first case, this role with a plus sign, in the second - with a minus sign.

But we are now interested not to ordinary people, but outstanding historical personality. What is their role?

It is not that such a person in its arbitrariness is able to stop or change the natural course of things. A truly outstanding personality is not only not trying to "cancel" the laws of history, but, on the contrary, as G.V. Plekhanov, he sees further others and wants stronger than others. great person solves the task, put in the queue by the previous move mental Development societies, he indicates new public needs created by previous development public relationsHe takes the recalcity of these needs. This is the power and purpose of the Great Man, and the strength is colossal.

He, if you want, aperture history, he is an expressant of the aspirations of class, mass, often only vaguely realized by them. His power is power public Movementwhich stands for his back.

In that fundamental difference In assessing the role of personality in dialectic and materialistic philosophy and its opponents. Materialistic social philosophy goes in assessing the role of a personality from the masses to personality, and not vice versa, he sees her role in the fact that she serves her talent for the masses, helps them to hide the way to achieve intended goals, accelerate the decision of the crowned historical tasks.

At the same time, firstly, the influence of the personality on the course of history depends on how numerous the mass, which goes after it, and on which it relies through the party, through a class. Therefore, an outstanding personality should have not only a special individual talent, but also the ability to organize and lead people. Secondly, anarchist installations are definitely erroneous: no authorities. The whole course of history shows that no social force, no class in history reached the domination, if he did not put forward his political leaders, his advanced representatives capable of organizing movement and lead them.

Of course, an outstanding personality should have non-ordinary abilities to a certain type or a number of activities. But this is not enough. It is necessary that in society in the course of its development the agenda of the task, for the decision of which the personality was needed precisely with such (military, political, etc.).

By chance here, what exactly this particular person took this place, by chance in the sense that this place could take someone else, since the replacement of this place was necessary.

World-Historical Persons are not only practical and politicians, but also thinking people, spiritual leaders understanding what you need and that in a timely manner, and leading others. These people, let intuitively, feel, understand the historical necessity, and therefore, it would seem, should be in this sense free in their actions and actions.

But the tragedy of world-historical personalities is that "they do not belong to themselves, that they, like ordinary individuals, the essence of only the weapons of the world spirit, although the great gun." Fate, as a rule, develops unfortunately for them.

The people, according to I.A.Ilina, there is a great separate and scattered set. And meanwhile his force, the energy of his being and self-affirmation require unity. The unity of the people requires an obvious spiritual and volitional incarnation - a single center, a person, an outstanding mind and experience of a person expressing the legal will and the state spirit of the people. The people need a wise leader, like dry land in a good rain.

In the entire history of mankind, there was a huge variety of events, and they were always sent differently in their moral appearance and intelligence personalities: ingenious or stupid, talented or mediocre, volitional or brightest, progressive or reactionary. Becoming by the will of the case or by virtue of the need at the head of the state, the army, the folk movement, political party, personality can have a course and outcome historical events Miscellaneous influence: Positive, negative or, as it often happens, both. Therefore, society is far from indifferent, in whose hands the political, state and general administrative power is concentrated.

The nomination of the individual is also due to the needs of society, and personal qualities of people. " Distinctive trait Genuine statesmen in that it is to be able to be able to benefit from each need, and sometimes even the fatal coincidence of the circumstances to turn to the state. "

The very fact of nomination on the role of a historical person of this person -- it is an accident. The need for this nomination is determined by the historically established need of society in order to make the identity of this kind of dominant place. N.M. Kakarasin said so about Peter the first: "The people gathered in a campaign, waited by the leader and the leader appeared!" That this person is born in this country in a certain time- Net randomness. But if we eliminate this person, then the demand for its replacement appears, and such a replacement is found.

Often, due to historical conditions, a very prominent role has to play simply capable people and even mediocre. The Mudro said about this by Democritus: what "less worthy of bad citizens of honorable positions that have received by them are, especially since they become careless and fulfilled with nonsense and arrogance." In this regard, a warning is fair: "Beware to occupy thanks to the chance of post, which you are not on shoulder, so as not to seem what you are in fact."

In the process of historical activities with special sharpness and bulge, strong, and weaknesses of personality are revealed. Both also acquires a huge social sense and influences the fate of the nation, the people, and sometimes even humanity.

Since in history, the decisive and decisive principle is not an individual, but the people, personality always depend on the people like a tree from the soil on which it grows. If the strength of the legendary antea was to communicate with the Earth, the social strength of the personality is in her connection with the people. But thinly "listening" of the people's thoughts is capable of only genius.

As if he was ingenious, a historical personality would be, she was determined in his actions determined the established combination of public events. If the identity begins to create arbitrariness and erect his whims into the law, it becomes a brake and, ultimately, from the position of the Crewer's Crewer's position inevitably falls under his merciless wheels.

The activities of the political leader involves the ability of deep theoretical generalization of the internal and international situation, social practice, the achievements of science and culture as a whole, the ability to preserve the simplicity and clarity of thought in incredibly difficult conditions of social reality and fulfill the planned plans, the program. Wise statesman I knows how to challenge not only for the overall line of development of events, but also for many private "trifles" - at the same time see both the forest and trees. He must notice a change in the ratio of social forces in time, before others understand what way to choose how the ureranny historical ability to turn into reality.

As Confucius said, a man who does not look far away, are certainly waiting for close misfortunes. High power carries, however, severe responsibilities. The Bible says: "And from anyone who has given a lot, it will be necessary." With any form state Device The level of the head of state is put forward by one personality, which is intended to play an extremely responsible role in the life and development of this society. Very much depends on the head of the state, but, of course, not all. Much depends on how society it was chosen, what the strength he was taken to the level of the head of state.

Thus, the appearance on the historical arena outstanding personalities It is prepared by objective circumstances, aging certain social needs. Such needs appear, as a rule, in turning periods in the development of countries and peoples, when large-scale socio-economic and political tasks are in the agenda. Of all the above, earlier directly and directly implies the conclusion about incompatibility with the spirit and the essence of the dialectical and materialistic social philosophy of the theory of personality cult. The cult of personality in modern manifestations is to impose the people of adventure to the carriers of power, in attributing the personality of the ability to create history at its discretion and arbitrariness, in transferring to the identity of what is the case and merit of the people.

The cult of personality (this clearly discovered the cult of the personality of Stalin), is fraught with great dangers and serious consequences. Attempts alone to solve sophisticated questions Theories and practices lead to mistakes and misses not only in theory, but also in practice (the problem of collectivization rate, the conclusion about the exacerbation of the class struggle as the success of socialism, etc.). The cult of personality feeds and reinforces dogmatism in theory, since the right to truth is recognized only after one person.

The cult of personality is especially dangerous in that he entails the destruction of the legality and the substitution of its arbitrariness, which leads to mass repressions. Finally, neglecting the interests of ordinary people, covered by imaginary concern about the public interest, has their consequence the progressive attenuation of the initiative and social creativity from the bottom on the principle: we, comrades, think Necha, be thought of leaders.

The people are not uniform and not the same formed force, and on which groups of the population found themselves in most elections, with what measure of understanding they carried out their civil debt, the fate of the country may depend on. One can only say: What are the people, such and their chosen personality.

Loud names attract views and, it seems, only thanks to them countries become strong and rich. But a number of scientists believe that the role of these personalities is very exaggerated. They could not do anything, do not predecessor or a certain public opinion forming.

For instance. Philipp II Macedonsky built a strong army (Macedonian phalanx), united Greece, created the strongest economy and was already preparing for the invasion of the Persian Empire. Death from the hired murderer prevented him to carry out this invasion. Destroy the Persian Empire managed only to his son Alexander Macedonsky.

Perhaps Philip would limit himself only by the seizure of the Mediterranean coast, leaving all the other Earth of Persia. If so, there would be a steady political configuration, tested by subsequent time: Roman Empire, Byzantium and Ottoman Empire Stabilized their borders with the Iranian states by these territories. And Alexander Macedonian Empire broke up immediately after the death of the founder, once again proving the incolment of such an association. In general, it is possible to judge that even taking into account the commander of Alexander Macedonsky, the foundations of the success of Macedonia laid exactly Filipp II.

Julia Caesar's successes contributed to the general focus foreign Policy Roman Republic for conquest, Military reform of Maria and political reform Sulla. The Great French Revolution and the emergence of the new type army influenced Napoleon's career. Such examples can be given a set in many parts of the world in different times: The appearance of people "long will" is the success of Genghis Khan, contact with Western firearms and an already existing expansion - the Empire Chuck, a whole pleiad of poets and a dramatic desire to seize trading paths - the success of Mohammed and Islam.

You can bring I. reverse examplesWhen any genius can not change anything in the state degradation. The most striking example is the "last Roman" auction. Neither Tokhtamysh, nor the unit could prevent the decay of the Golden Horde. Examples of this plan are much smaller, because the loser history does not write.

People who changed the world, a lot. These are the famous doctors who invented medicines from diseases and learned how to make complex operations; politicians who started wars and conquered the countries; Cosmonauts who first had the land in orbit and set foot on the moon and so on. There are thousands of them, and it is impossible to tell about everything. Today about Russian and Russian personalities who changed the course of history.

Alexander Suvorov

The Great Communion, who lived in the XVIII century, became a cult man. He is a person, which influenced the course of history with its skill of the strategy and skillful planning of the tactics of war. His name is gold letters inscribed in the chronicle of Russian history, he remembers him as a tireless brilliant military commander.

All his life, Alexander Suvorov dedicated battles and battles. He is a member of seven military, headed 60 battles, not knowing defeats. His literary talent manifested itself in the book "Science to win", in which he teaches a young generation of the art of warfare, shares his experience and knowledge. In this area, Suvorov was ahead of his epoch for many years ahead.

Catherine II

This is a woman phenomenon. Like all other personalities, which influenced the course of history, she was charismatic, strong and smart. Born in Germany, but in 1744 he arrived in Russia as a bride for the Son of Empress - the Grand Duke Peter Third. Her husband was uninteresting and apathetic, they almost did not communicate. All the free time of Catherine spent on reading legal and economic work, she seized the idea of \u200b\u200benlightenment. Finding his like-minded people at the courtyard, she easily overtook her husband from the throne and became a full-fledged master of Rus.

The period of its reign is called "gold" for the nobility. The government reformed the Senate, took the church lands to the state treasury, which enriched the power and facilitated the life of ordinary peasants. In this case, the influence of the personality on the course of history implies the adoption of the mass of new legislation.

In the account of Catherine: the provincial reform, empowerment of the nobility, the creation of classes in the example of the Western European society and the restoration of the authority of Russia throughout the world.

Peter the First

Another ruler of Russia, who lived a hundred years before Catherine, also played a huge role in the development of the state. He is not just a person who influenced the course of history. Peter 1 became a national genius. He was announced by the enlightener, the "light epoch", the Savior of Russia, a man who discovered the eyes of a simple people to the European Lifestyle and Board.

Remember the phrase "window to Europe"? So, it was Petr a great "burned" him called all the envious.
Tsar Peter became a great reformer, his changes in state immortals first scared the nobility, and then caused admiration. This person, which influenced the course of history by the fact that in the "hungry and unwasy" Russia, thanks to him, progressive discoveries and achievements of Western countries were introduced.

Petr first managed to expand the economic and cultural boundaries of his empire, won new lands. Russia recognized the Great Power and rated her role in the international arena.

Alexander Best

After Peter the Great, it was the only king, which began to carry out so large-scale reforms. His innovations completely updated the appearance of Russia. Like other famous personality, which changed the course of history, this ruler deserved respect and recognition.

The period of his rule falls in the XIX century. The main achievement of the king was the abolition of serfdom in Russia, which traded the economic and cultural development of the country. Of course, about the liquidation of the system, very similar to slavery, and the predecessors of Alexander Second - Catherine Great and Nikolai first. But none of them decided to turn the state of the state upside down. So fundamental changes occurred rather late, as the Bunch of the Unhappy People was already called in the country.

In addition, in the 1880s, reforms were suspended, which caused anger of revolutionary youth. The reformer king became the target of their terror, which led to the end of the transformations and completely influenced Russia's development in the future.

Lenin (Ulyanov)

Vladimir Ilyich, a famous revolutionary, personality that influenced the course of history. Lenin headed the riot in Russia against autocracy. He led the revolutionaries on the barricades, as a result of which King Nikolai second was overthrown and the communists came to power, whose rule covered the whole century and led to essential, fundamental changes in the lives of ordinary people.

Studying the works of Engels and Marx, Lenin performed for equality and condemned capitalism in every way. The theory is good, but in fact it was hard to implement, as the representatives of the top lived, swimming in luxury, and simple workers and peasants work around the clock around the clock. But it was later, at the time of Lenin, at first glance, everything was evolved as he wanted it.

For the period of the reign of Lenin, such important events as the First World War, civil war in Russia, the cruel and ridiculous execution of the entire royal family, transfer the capital from St. Petersburg to Moscow, the foundation of the Red Army, the full establishment of the Soviet power and the adoption of its first constitution.

Stalin (Jugashvili)

People who have changed the course of history ... The name of Joseph Vissarionovich is burning with brightly aluminum letters. He became a "terrorist" of his time. The base of the mesh camps, the reference of millions there is nothing in any kind of obey, execution of entire families for dissent, artificial hunger - all this in the root changed the lives of people. Some considered Stalin the devil, others by God, as it was he who at that time decided the fate of every citizen of the Soviet Union. No one, neither, of course, was not different.
The intimidated people himself erected him to the pedestal. The cult of personality was created on the universal fear of innocent victims of the era.

Stalin, distinguished not only by mass terror. Of course, his contribution to the history of Russia has a positive side. It was during his reign that the state made a powerful economic jerk, scientific institutions and culture began to develop. It was he who stood at the head of the army that defeated Hitler and saved the whole of Europe from fascism.

Nikita Khrushchev

This is a very contradictory person, which influenced the course of history. Its versatile nature demonstrates the tombstone monument built him well, simultaneously made of white and black stone. Khrushchev, on the one hand, was a man Stalin, and on the other hand, the leader who tried to hurt the cult of personality. He began the cardinal reforms that had to completely change the bloody system, released millions of innocently convicts from the camps, pardon hundreds of thousands of sentenced to shooting.

This period even called "thaw", as the persecution and terror ceased. But Khrushchev did not know how to bring big things to the end, so his reforms can be called half. The lack of education made it a near person, but excellent intuition, natural sanity and political sense helped him stay so long in the highest echelons of power and find a way out in critical situations.

It was thanks to Khrushchev who managed to avoid a nuclear war during Caribbean crisisAnd also turn the very bloody page in the history of Russia.

Dmitry Mendeleev

Russia gave rise to many great universal, which improved different spheres of science. But Mendeleev should be allocated, as its contribution to its development is invaluable. Chemistry, physics, geology, economy, sociology - all time time to study Mendeleev and discover new horizons in these industries. He was also a famous shipbuilder, aeronautics and an encyclopedist.

Mendeleev, opened periodic law, allowing to predict the emergence of new chemical elements, the opening of which occurs in our day. His table is the basis of chemistry lessons at school and at the university. Among its achievements, there is also a complete study of gas dynamics, experiments that helped derive the state equation.

Ivan Pavlov

He was a very smart man, possessed a wide range of and inner intuition. Ivan Pavlov actively used animals in his experiments, trying to allocate general traits of the vital activity of complex organisms, including a person. Pavlov managed to prove the diverse activity of nerve endings in the cardiovascular system. It showed how a wandering nerve can adjust blood pressure.

And also became the opener of the trophic nervous function, which is the effect of nerves on the process of regeneration and formation of tissues. Later he took up the physiology of the digestive tract, as a result of which he received in 1904 the Nobel Prize.

Mikhail Lomonosov

He lived and worked during the reign of Peter the Great. Then the focus on the development of education and enlightenment was made, and the first Academy of Sciences was created in Russia, in which Lomonosov spent a lot of their days. He, a simple peasant, was able to rise to incredible heights, bother on the social staircase and turn into a scientist, whose fame loaf stretches to this day.

He was interested in everything related to physics and chemistry. He dreamed of free from the influence of medicine and pharmaceuticals. It is thanks to him that modern physical chemistry was born as science and began to actively develop. In addition, he was a famous encyclopedist, studied history and wrote the annulary. Peter the first he considered the ideal ruler, a key figure in the formation of the state. In his scientific writings, he described it as a sample of the mind that changed the story and turned an idea of \u200b\u200bthe management system.

The efforts of Lomonosov in Russia was founded by the first university - Moscow. From this time began to develop higher education.

Yuri Gagarin

People who influenced the course of history ... Their list is difficult to imagine without the name of Yuri Gagarin, a man who conquered space. Starry space attracted people for many centuries, but only in the last century, humanity began to master it. At that time, a technical base for such flights was already well developed. The cosmic era passed under the sign of competition between the Soviet Union and the United States. The leaders of the giant countries tried to show their power and superiority, and the cosmos was one of the best options to demonstrate.

In the middle of the 20th century, rivalry began for the one who will faster will send a person to orbit. In this race won the USSR. We all know a bannyy date from school: April 12 In 1961, the first cosmonaut flew into orbit, where he spent 108 minutes. This hero was called Yuri Gagarin. The day after his journey into space, he woken up famous for the whole world. Although, paradoxically, he never considered himself great. Gagarin often said that for those one and a half hours did not even even understand what the sensations were happening to him.

Alexander Pushkin

It is called the "sun of Russian poetry." He has long become a national symbol of Russia, his poems, poems and prose are highly valued and revered. And not only in the countries of the former Soviet Union, but also throughout the world. Almost every city of Russia has a street, Square or Area, named after Alexander Pushkin. Children study at school his work, devoting to him not only school time, and extracurricular in the form of thematic literary evenings.

This man created so harmonious poetry that there is no one in the world. It was from his work that the development of new literature began and all her genres - from poems to theatrical plays. Pushkin is read in one breath. It is inherent in accuracy, ritmatic lines, they are quickly remembered and easily declared.

If you take into account the enlightenment of this person, its intensity of character and deep inner rod, then it can be argued that he is truly a person who influenced the course of history. He taught the people in Russian in its modern interpretation.

Other historical personalities

There are so many of them that they will not succeed in the same article. There are examples of a small part of Russian figures that have changed history. And how many others have? This is Gogol, and Dostoevsky, and Tolstoy. Eisenstein and Tarkovsky, Tchaikovsky, Rachmaninov and Shostakovich, Kurchatov and Sakharov ... If you analyze foreign personalities, you can not not be noted Caesar, Macedonian, Napoleon, - the greatest commander of its time; long philosophers: Aristotle and Plato; Artists: Leonardo da Vinci, Picasso, Monet; Geographers and land openers: Magellan and Columbus; scientists: Galilee, Newton and Einstein; Politicians: Tatcher, Kennedy and Hitler; Inventors: Bella and Edison.